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Abstract This paper explores the gendered differences between men and women as perceived through the images on the online dating platform Tinder. While personal images on Instagram, Tumblr, and Facebook have been studied en masse, large-scale studies of the landscape of visual representations on online dating platforms remain rare. We apply a machine learning algorithm to 10,680 profile images collected on Tinder in Estonia to study the perceived gendered differences in self-representation among men and women. Beyond identifying the dominant genres of profile pictures used by men and women, we build a comprehensive map of visual self-representation on the platform. We further expand our findings by analyzing the distribution of the image genres across the profile gallery and identifying the prevalent positions for each genre within the profiles. Lastly, we identify the variability of women’s and men’s images within each genre. Our approach provides a holistic overview of the culture of visual self-representation on the dating app Tinder and invites scholars to expand the research on gendered differences and stereotypes to include cross-platform and cross-cultural analysis.

Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in many tumors and is predictive of metastatic spread and poor responsiveness to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Purpose: To assess the feasibility of using 18F-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR to image tumor hypoxia in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) prior to and following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The secondary objective was to compare different reference tissues and thresholds for tumor hypoxia quantification. Patients and Methods: Eight patients with histologically proven LARC were included. All patients underwent 18F-FAZA PET/MR prior to initiation of nCRT, four of whom also had a second scan following completion of nCRT and prior to surgery. Tumors were segmented using T2-weighted MR. Each voxel within the segmented tumor was defined as hypoxic or oxic using thresholds derived from various references: ×1.0 or ×1.2 SUVmean of blood pool [BP] or left ventricle [LV] and SUVmean +3SD for gluteus maximus. Correlation coefficient (CoC) between HF and tumor SUVmax/reference SUVmean TRR for the various thresholds was calculated. Hypoxic fraction (HF), defined as the % hypoxic voxels within the tumor volume was calculated for each reference/threshold. Results: For all cases, baseline and follow-up, the CoCs for gluteus maximus and for BP and LV (×1.0) were 0.241, 0.344, and 0.499, respectively, and HFs were (median; range) 16.6% (2.4–33.8), 36.8% (0.3–72.9), and 30.7% (0.8–55.5), respectively. For a threshold of ×1.2, the CoCs for BP and LV as references were 0.611 and 0.838, respectively, and HFs were (median; range) 10.4% (0–47.6), and 4.3% (0–20.1%), respectively. The change in HF following nCRT ranged from (−18.9%) to (+54%). Conclusions: Imaging of hypoxia in LARC with 18F-FAZA PET/MR is feasible. Blood pool as measured in the LV appears to be the most reliable reference for calculating the HF. There is a wide range of HF and variable change in HF before and after nCRT.

The article focuses on the initiation, spread, and implementation of the tradition of the night of ancient bonfires, mapping the cultural environment and describing the internal and external socio-cultural factors, as well as connections to identity creation of celebrating the last Sunday in August on the seashore. Data were collected through interviews and observations, and qualitative approach was used to reconstruct the dynamic of private and institutionalised marking. In the 21st century, bonfires are interpreted as remembrance of the past and continuation of tradition, based on ethnic identity. The authors present some comparative phenomena in the vicinity of Europe.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) is a causative pathogen for robust inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and can lead to systemic infection. Eicosanoids, bioactive lipid mediators, play a crucial role in modulating both the induction and resolution of inflammatory responses during an infection. A subset of eicosanoids activates PPARs, nuclear receptor/transcription factors that regulate fatty acid metabolism, lipid body formation, and macrophage function. In this study, we determined that mice lacking PPARα exhibited reduced inflammatory hallmarks of STm infection, including lower inflammatory gene expression, cecal inflammation, and bacterial dissemination, along with a significant increase in cecal eicosanoid metabolism compared to wildtype C57BL/6 mice. In macrophages, STm favored M2b-polarized macrophages for intracellular infection, leading to reduced arachidonic acid and ceramide production. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation via Etomoxir in STm-infected macrophages reduced bacterial burdens and promoted cell death. In Etomoxir-treated wildtype mice, STm infection increased ceramide production, decreased inflammatory gene expression in the cecum, and increased the number of STm-containing M1 macrophages in mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings revealed a novel role for the lipid-immune signaling axis in Salmonella infections, providing significant insights into the lipid-mediated regulation of inflammation during bacterial infections in the gut.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) causes gastroenteritis and can progress to reactive arthritis (ReA). STm forms biofilms in the gut that secrete the amyloid curli, which we previously demonstrated can trigger autoimmunity in mice. HLA-B27 is a genetic risk factor for ReA; activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) due to HLA-B27 misfolding is thought to play a critical role in ReA pathogenesis. To determine whether curli exacerbates HLA-B27-induced UPR, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from HLA-B27 transgenic (tg) mice were used. BMDMs treated with purified curli exhibited elevated UPR compared to C57BL/6, and curli-induced IL-6 was reduced by pre-treating macrophages with inhibitors of the IRE1α branch of the UPR. In BMDMs, intracellular curli colocalized with GRP78, a regulator of the UPR. In vivo, acute infection with wild-type STm increased UPR markers in the ceca of HLA-B27tg mice compared to C57BL/6. STm biofilms that contain curli were visible in the lumen of cecal tissue sections. Furthermore, curli was associated with macrophages in the lamina propria, colocalizing with GRP78. Together, these results suggest that UPR plays a role in the curli-induced inflammatory response, especially in the presence of HLA-B27, a possible mechanistic link between STm infection and genetic susceptibility to ReA.

Abstract Background We describe a collection of themes for a research agenda for personality disorders that was originally formulated for the ESSPD Borderline Congress in 2022. Methods Experts with lived and living experience (EE), researchers and clinicians met virtually, exchanged ideas and discussed research topics for the field of personality disorders. The experts - patients, relatives, significant others - named the topics they thought most relevant for further research in the field. These topics were presented at the ESPPD conference in October 2022. Results The five top themes were: 1. Prevention, early detection and intervention, 2. Recovery beyond symptom improvement, 3. Involvement of relatives in treatment, 4. Gender dysphoria, and 5. Stigma. Conclusions In general, the topics reflect current issues and changes in societal values. Overarching aims of research on these topics are the improvement of social participation and integration in society, better dissemination of research, and better information of the general public and political stakeholders.

Abstract Audiovisual news is a critical cultural phenomenon that has been influencing audience worldviews for more than a hundred years. To understand historical trends in multimodal audiovisual news, we need to explore them longitudinally using large sets of data. Despite promising developments in film history, computational video analysis, and other relevant fields, current research streams have limitations related to the scope of data used, the systematism of analysis, and the modalities and elements to be studied in audiovisual material and its metadata. Simultaneously, each disciplinary approach contributes significant input to research reducing these limitations. We therefore advocate for combining the strengths of several disciplines. Here we propose a multidisciplinary framework for systematically studying large collections of historical audiovisual news to gain a coherent picture of their temporal dynamics, cultural diversity, and potential societal effects across several quantitative and qualitative dimensions of analysis. By using newsreels as an example of such complex historically formed data, we combine the context crucial to qualitative approaches with the systematicity and ability to cover large amounts of data from quantitative methods. The framework template for historical newsreels is exemplified by a case study of the “News of the Day” newsreel series produced in the Soviet Union during 1944–1992. The proposed framework enables a more nuanced analysis of longitudinal collections of audiovisual news, expanding our understanding of the dynamics of global knowledge cultures.

Abstract Language change is influenced by many factors, but often starts from synchronic variation, where multiple linguistic patterns or forms coexist, or where different speech communities use language in increasingly different ways. Besides regional or economic reasons, communities may form and segregate based on political alignment. The latter, referred to as political polarization, is of growing societal concern across the world. Here we map and quantify linguistic divergence across the partisan left-right divide in the United States, using social media data. We develop a general methodology to delineate (social) media users by their political preference, based on which (potentially biased) news media accounts they do and do not follow on a given platform. Our data consists of 1.5M short posts by 10k users (about 20M words) from the social media platform Twitter (now “X”). Delineating this sample involved mining the platform for the lists of followers (n = 422M) of 72 large news media accounts. We quantify divergence in topics of conversation and word frequencies, messaging sentiment, and lexical semantics of words and emoji. We find signs of linguistic divergence across all these aspects, especially in topics and themes of conversation, in line with previous research. While US American English remains largely intelligible within its large speech community, our findings point at areas where miscommunication may eventually arise given ongoing polarization and therefore potential linguistic divergence. Our flexible methodology — combining data mining, lexicostatistics, machine learning, large language models and a systematic human annotation approach — is largely language and platform agnostic. In other words, while we focus here on US political divides and US English, the same approach is applicable to other countries, languages, and social media platforms.

The current paper covers an experimental study, mathematical modelling, and design optimization of the laser treatment process of denim fabrics. Laser fading is used in the finishing phase of garment production, unfortunately, it decreases fabric durability. Denim fabric is known as a cotton fabric but nowadays it is blended with other fibres to improve fabric properties. For this reason, the main purpose of this study was to test multicomponent fabric longevity after laser treatment. The knowledge from this study is used by garment production company. The tear force, abrasion resistance, and colour difference are considered as performance characteristics of laser treated denim fabrics subjected to maximization. To achieve the goals, novel, mathematical models were developed. In the preliminary tests, the design space was determined. The full factorial design of experiments was utilized in the experimental study and the values of the performance characteristics are measured. Based on the results of the experimental study the artificial neural network and Haar wavelet based mathematical models were developed to predict the behaviour of the tear force, abrasion resistance, and colour difference. The artificial intelligence-based multicriteria design optimization procedure is developed.

Domestic ducks are one of the main poultry species whose production depends on artificial hatching. Despite improvements in incubation technology, hatchability of duck eggs is lower than that of chicken. The aim of this study was to characterise the natural brooding of the domestic duck using recorders of the incubation environment parameters and broody duck behaviour, serving to better understand the hatching biology of domestic ducks and ultimately to compare with the accepted parameters of artificial hatching. The study material consisted of pairs of domestic ducks of the landrace variety maintained in pens equipped with nests allowing the placement of loggers recording incubation conditions, i.e. temperature and relative humidity. In addition, during the brooding period, mobile and wireless dummies egg were placed in the nests, which concealed temperature loggers distributed under the surface of the cover at five locations and a centrally located angular acceleration transducer (accelerometer). Data collection was carried out until the end of the brood, after which the data were used to determine natural brood parameters such as temperature during the incubation, the number and duration of nest bouts, the temperature to which the nest was cooled during the nest unattendance, relative humidity and parameters related to egg turning. The temperature of the nest, as controlled by the loggers, increased with the duration of brooding, while the relative humidity of the nest space decreased. The temperature to which the nestlings cooled the nest took the lowest values during the first week of brooding and the week before hatching. The first half of the incubation period was characterised by a higher number of bouts, while the third week of incubation was characterised by a longer average daily bouts. The activity of egg turning by the brooding duck increased until reaching its highest values in the third week of incubation, after which the frequency of this process decreased. Conclusions: The natural brooding parameters of the domestic duck obtained using loggers are more heterogeneous than those adopted in artificial incubation technology for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the observation of a T2 temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth in UBe13 at low temperatures. We show that this behavior is consistent with an anisotropic gap function for an axial P-wave state. Our results further show that the Landau parameter Fls appears to be small. © 1986 The American Physical Society.

We report the first measurements of the magnetic-field penetration depth λ in the heavy electron superconductor UBe13, performed using a SQUID magnetometer. We find the temperature dependence of λ(T)-λ(0) to follow a T2 law at low temperatures, giving further evidence of extreme gap anisotropy in this compound. We calculate the temperature dependence expected for a variety of anisotropic states, including those representing certain classes of "exotic" pairing. In general situations, the supercurrent is not parallel to the vector potential, and a more complicated field penetration takes the place of the normal Meissner effect. We argue that the data are consistent with an energy gap with point nodes on the Fermi surface but inconsistent with the large value of the Landau parameter F1S expected for a translationally invariant Fermi liquid with large effective mass. © 1986 Springer-Verlag.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a common precancerous lesion that can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). There are significant alterations in the esophageal microbiome in the progression from healthy esophagus to BE to EAC, including an increased abundance of a variety of lactate-producing bacteria and an increase of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, as predicted by metabolic modeling. The role of bacterial lactate in EAC is unknown. Here, we utilize patient-derived organoid (PDO) models of EAC and demonstrate that lactate inhibits the growth and proliferation of EAC PDOs through alterations in the tumor NADH/NAD+ redox state. Further RNA sequencing of EAC PDOs identifies ID1 and RSAD2 as potential regulatory molecules crucial in mediating lactate’s ability to suppress glycolysis and proliferation. Gene ontology analysis also identifies the activation of inflammatory and immunological pathways in addition to alterations in the metabolic pathways in EAC PDOs exposed to lactate, suggesting a multi-faceted role for lactate in the pathogenesis of EAC.

Las sibilancias recurrentes del preescolar son un problema prevalente. 50% de todos los niños tiene al menos un episodio de sibilancias en los primeros 6 años. Sin embargo, solo 4 % de los menores de 4 años tiene diagnóstico de asma. Por este motivo es fundamental realizar una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico tendientes a descartar causas secundarias, lo que debe ser complementado con exámenes de laboratorio de acuerdo con la orientación clínica. En la actualidad se recomienda indicar tratamiento de mantención con corticoides inhalados en aquellos niños que tengan episodios repetidos de obstrucción bronquial y que tengan una alta probabilidad de respuesta favorable a esta terapia. Se ha demostrado que aquellos pacientes que tienen un recuento de eosinófilos en sangre > 300 células por mm3 o aquellos que presentan una prueba cutánea positiva o IgE específicas positivas para alergenos inhalados, responderán adecuadamente al tratamiento con esteroides inhalados.

Abstract Background The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts endosomes in all parts of a motor neuron, including the axon and presynaptic terminal, to move structural proteins, proteins that send signals, and lipids over long distances. Atlastin (Atl), a large GTPase, is required for membrane fusion and the structural dynamics of the ER tubules. Atl mutations are the second most common cause of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP), which causes spasticity in both sexes’ lower extremities. Through an unknown mechanism, Atl mutations stimulate the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) pathway in vertebrates and Drosophila. Synaptic defects are caused by atl mutations, which affect the abundance and distribution of synaptic vesicles (SV) in the bouton. We hypothesize that BMP signaling, does not cause Atl-dependent SV abnormalities in Drosophila. Results We show that atl knockdown in motor neurons (Atl-KD) increases synaptic and satellite boutons in the same way that constitutively activating the BMP-receptor Tkv (thick veins) (Tkv-CA) increases the bouton number. The SV proteins Cysteine string protein (CSP) and glutamate vesicular transporter are reduced in Atl-KD and Tkv-CA larvae. Reducing the activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking (wit) can rescue both phenotypes. Unlike Tkv-CA larvae, Atl-KD larvae display altered activity-dependent distributions of CSP staining. Furthermore, Atl-KD larvae display an increased FM 1–43 unload than Control and Tkv-CA larvae. As decreasing wit function does not reduce the phenotype, our hypothesis that BMP signaling is not involved is supported. We also found that Rab11/CSP colocalization increased in Atl-KD larvae, which supports the concept that late recycling endosomes regulate SV movements. Conclusions Our findings reveal that Atl modulates neurotransmitter release in motor neurons via SV distribution independently of BMP signaling, which could explain the observed SV accumulation and synaptic dysfunction. Our data suggest that Atl is involved in membrane traffic as well as formation and/or recycling of the late endosome.

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a key target for many applications in the modern day. Self-assembly is one approach that can bring us closer to this goal, which usually relies upon strong, directional interactions instead of covalent bonds. Control over less directional forces is more challenging and usually does not result in as well-defined materials. Explicitly incorporating topography into the design as a guiding effect to enhance the interacting forces can help to form highly ordered structures. Herein, we show the process of shape-assisted self-assembly to be consistent across a range of derivatives that highlights the restriction of rotational motion and is verified using a diverse combination of solid state analyses. A molecular curvature governed angle distribution nurtures monomers into loose columns that then arrange to form 2D structures with long-range order observed in both crystalline and soft materials. These features strengthen the idea that shape becomes an important design principle leading towards precise molecular self-assembly and the inception of new materials.

Comparative oncology is an understudied field of science. We are far from understanding the key mechanisms behind Peto's paradox, i.e., understanding how long-lived and large animals are not subject to a higher cancer burden despite the longer exposure time to mutations and the larger number of cells exposed.In this work, we investigated the scientific evidence on such mechanisms through a systematic mini-review of the literature about the relation of longevity and/or large body mass with physiological, genetic, or environmental traits among mammalian species. More than forty thousand articles were retrieved from three repositories, and 383 of them were screened using an active-learning-based tool. Of those, 36 articles on longevity and 37 on body mass were selected for the review. Such articles were examined focusing on: number and type of species considered, statistical methods used, traits investigated, and observed relationship with longevity and/or body mass. Where applicable, the traits investigated were matched with one or more hallmarks of cancer.We obtained a list of potential candidate traits to explain Peto's paradox related to replicative immortality, cell senescence, genome instability and mutations, proliferative signaling, growth suppression evasion, and cell resistance to death.Our investigation suggests that different strategies have been followed to prevent cancer in large and long-lived species. The large number of papers retrieved emphasizes that more studies can be launched in the future, using more efficient analytical approaches to comprehensively evaluate the convergent biological mechanisms essential for acquiring longevity and large body mass without increasing cancer risk.

La crisis de asma en niños es un motivo frecuente de consulta en el Servicio de Urgencia. Se estima que 60% de los pacientes con asma presentan una o más crisis cada año. Un tercio de ellos consulta en urgencia y solo el 2% se hospitaliza (1). La gran mayoría de los pacientes responde al tratamiento de primera línea que incluye el uso de oxígeno, broncodilatadores y corticoides sistémicos. Solo un 20% de los casos es refractario a este manejo requiriendo de otras medidas terapéuticas, tales como Sulfato de magnesio, uso precoz de naricera de alto flujo y/o ventilación mecánica no invasiva. El manejo en la urgencia debe ser escalonado y considerar una línea de tiempo, de modo que en un plazo no superior a 2 horas el destino del paciente pueda estar definido (2). El objetivo de este artículo es responder las preguntas más frecuentes que surgen en relación con el manejo de la crisis de asma en el Servicio de Urgencia, de modo que sirvan de guía para lograr un óptimo tratamiento de esta condición.