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3. Treatment-Relevant Findings in Transesophageal Echocardiography After Stroke: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study

Author

Thomalla, Götz, primary, Upneja, Mira, additional, Camen, Stephan, additional, Jensen, Märit, additional, Schröder, Julian, additional, Barow, Ewgenia, additional, Boskamp, Stefan, additional, Ostermeier, Birgit, additional, Kissling, Sandra, additional, Leinisch, Elke, additional, Tiburtius, Claudia, additional, Clausen, Henning, additional, Cheng, Bastian, additional, Blankenberg, Stefan, additional, Nedelmann, Max, additional, Steinbrecher, Andreas, additional, Andres, Frank, additional, Rosenkranz, Michael, additional, Sinning, Christoph, additional, Schnabel, Renate B., additional, and Gerloff, Christian, additional

Published
2022
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4. Life Course of Physical Activity and Risk and Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a German ALS Registry

Author

Rosenbohm, Angela, Peter, Raphael, Baier, Hartmut, Vasic, Nenad, Baezner, Hansjoerg, Beattie, James, Behne, Friedrich, Bengel, Dietmar, Boertlein, Axel, Vera, Bracknies, Alber, Burkhard, Buttmann, Mathias, Dempewolf, Silke, Dorst, Johannes, Dettmers, Christian, Freund, Wolfgang, Gasser, Thomas, Gold, Hans-Juergen, Hamann, Gerhard, Hecht, Martin, Heimbach, Bernhard, Herting, Birgit, Huber, Roman, Huelser, Paul-Juergen, Kassubek, Jan, HuberHartmann, Karlheinz, Jüttler, Eric, Kaspar, Attila, Kern, Rolf, Kimmig, Hubert, Christof, Klötzsch, Chatzikonstantinou, Anastasios, Klopstock, Thomas, Kohler, Andreas, Lichy, Christoph, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Lindner, Alfred, Lingor, Paul, Lulé, Dorothee, Metrikat, Jens, Meudt, Oliver, Meyer, Andreas, Naegele, Andrea, Naumann, Markus, Neher, Klaus-Dieter, Neuhaus, Oliver, Nagel, Gabriele, Neusch, Clemens, Niehaus, Ludwig, Raape, Jan, Ratzka, Peter, Reinhard, Matthias, Rothmeier, Johann, Sabolek, Michael, Schabet, Martin, SchaeffVogelsang, MDMario, Schell, Caroline, Ludolph, Albert, Schweigert, Barbara, Sommer, Norbert, Stroick, Mark, Synofzik, Mathis, Tumani, Hayrettin, Volkmann, Jens, Weiler, Markus, Wick, Wolfgang, Opherk, Christian, Group, ALS Registry Swabia Study, Weiller, Cornelius, Zeller, Daniel, Baumgärtner, Jessica, Born, Christoph, Bürgy, Martin, Connemann, Bernhard, Etzersdorfer, Elmar, Friederich, Hubertus, Gahr, Maximilian, Gogolkiewicz, Alex, Andres, Frank, Greber, Ralf, Gebhardt, Jochen, Grunze, Heinz, Henkel, Karsten, Hewer, Walter, Raether, Andreas, Joos, Andreas, Köhler, Matthias, Kozian, Ralf, Laske, Christoph, Arnold, Guy, Michaelides, Alexandros, Munk, Matthias, Niestroj, Andreas, Schmauss, Max, SchoenebergerStroick, Katrin, Schoerner, Kai-Uwe, Spannhorst, Stefan, Steber, Raimund, and Thomas, Christine

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Population, diagnosis [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis], Metabolic equivalent, Life Change Events, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, Registries, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Risk factor, education, Exercise, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Confidence interval, Case-Control Studies, Neurology (clinical), business, Body mass index
Abstract

Background and ObjectivesWhether physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is controversial because data on lifelong PA are rare. The main objective of this study is to provide insight into PA as a potential risk factor for ALS, reporting data on cumulative PA, leisure-time PA, and occupational PA. This study also aims to gather evidence on the role of PA as a prognostic factor in disease course.MethodsLifetime PA values collected by questionnaires addressing work and leisure time were quantified into metabolic equivalents (METs). A population-based case-control study embedded in the ALS Registry Swabia served to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of ALS by PA in different time intervals and prognosis.ResultsIn ALS cases (393 cases, 791 age- and sex-matched controls), we observed reduced total PA at interview and up to 5 years before interview compared to controls. Total PA was not associated with ALS risk 5 to 55 years before interview. Heavy occupational work intensity was associated with increased ALS risk (OR 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.34, 2.89). Total PA levels were associated with survival in a nonlinear manner: inactive patients and highest activity levels (25 MET-h/wk) revealed the worst survival time of 15.4 and 19.3 months, respectively. Best median survival with 29.8 months was seen at 10.5 MET-h/wk after adjustment for other prognostic factors.DiscussionLifetime combined PA decreased sharply several years before disease onset compared to controls. The risk of developing ALS was not associated with former total PA levels 5 to 55 years before interview in contrast to occupational PA, probably reflecting work-associated exposures. We found a strong nonlinear association of current and prediagnostic PA level and survival in ALS cases with the best survival with moderate PA. PA intensity may be a disease-modifying factor with an unfavorable outcome in sedentary and hyperactive behavior.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that PA was not associated with the development of ALS.

Published
2021
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6. Characterization of the solder paste release from small stencil apertures in the stencil printing process

Author

Aravamudhan, Srinivasa, Santos, Daryl, Pham-Van-Diep, Gerald, and Andres, Frank

Subjects
Serigraphy -- Analysis, Solder pastes -- Properties, Electronics
Abstract

Stencil printing is a critical first step in surface mount assembly. However, its robustness can be called into question because of the fact that about 50% or more of the defects found in the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCBs) are attributed to stencil printing [1]. Manufacturing techniques for the assembly of certain flip chips, chip scale packages, 0201s, and fine pitch ball grid arrays are testing the limits of current stencil printing capabilities. This paper focuses on understanding the release of solder paste from the stencil, based on experimental and modeling approaches. The primary goal of the study is to characterize the performance of various aperture sizes and geometries based on release efficiencies and to compare them to predictions. The resulting model validation helps us better understand the print process for small features and offers options for increasing print yields. The study is divided into two phases. The first phase examines the release performance of various solder pastes from a variety of aperture sizes and geometries. The focus of this study is a comparison of square versus circular apertures when the nominal volume of paste to be deposited is kept constant. The second phase consists of developing a model that predicts paste-release efficiencies from small apertures and validating the model with experimental results. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1938208] Keywords: Stencil Printing, Fine Feature, Solder Paste, Release Efficiency

Published
2005

8. Visualizing and predicting solder paste flow--in real time: a unique method eliminates errors associated with typical post-print measurement systems

Author

Pham-Van-Diep, Gerald and Andres, Frank

Subjects
Electronics industry -- Management, Printed circuits -- Management, Circuit printing -- Management, Company business management, Electronics industry, Printed circuit board, Business, Electronics and electrical industries, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Because stencil printing is not well understood, it is often thought to be the source of the majority of defects encountered in the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process) A [...]

Published
2003

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