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Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The article uses the concept of a focusing event to shed light on the specificity of the political transformation process in response to an unexpected event. The analysis shows that as a result of the focusing event: Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, a series of non-paradigmatic political changes took place in Polish refugee policy. These changes were rapid, but they were of an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary nature. This is due to a number of factors. The influx of refugees led to the creation of new legal regulations, but these did not deal with the rights of refugees in general, but only with the group of migrants from Ukraine, for whom a separate legal category was created. Refugees from Ukraine are primarily women, which strengthened the social legitimacy of the relief efforts and did not initiate a securitization discourse as with other refugee groups. Moreover, migrants from Ukraine had for years been the largest group of foreigners (mainly labor migrants) in the receiving country, which facilitated the formulation of adequate systemic solutions and improved grassroots refugee assistance activities. Political change has not challenged policy paradigms, such as the desire to admit migrants mainly from countries which are culturally similar. As the analysis of political discourses shows, supporting them is perceived as a proxy for military engagement in helping Ukraine. The study covers 100+ documents of discursive and normative policy (public statements by political stakeholders, legal acts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interactions of migrant Polish business owners with the new entrepreneurial culture in their host country (the UK). The research question of the article concerns how migrant business owners experience the entrepreneurial culture of their host society and how this process reflects noneconomic aspects of labor market adaptation. In the theoretical dimension, the aim is to develop a perspective of examining the labor market adaptation of migrants as a cultural process which reflects certain values and internalized or institutionalized patterns of thinking and acting (Hofstede 2005). The study examines cross-cultural encounters in three interconnected areas: entrepreneurs' relations with the state, their interactions with other business people, and their interactions with their employees. International mobility provides individuals with the potential to modify their habits and beliefs in the new structural settings and socio-cultural environment of their activities. Socioeconomic crises are moments of trial for migrants, highlighting the challenges of adaptation but also clarifying differences in values and behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic perpetuated the migrants' view of the host country as an entrepreneurship-friendly state and enhanced their vision of the host's entrepreneurial culture as one based on a high level of trust in regard to business owners. The analysis is based on the qualitative method (53 interviews with Polish migrant entrepreneurs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to examine the experience of female immigrant entrepreneurs from Ukraine who reside in Poland. Ukrainians constitute the biggest immigrant minority in the country and thus they are a symbol of the emergent Polish multiculturalism. However, being an immigrant and a woman may lead to the accumulation of obstacles in the process of integration with the host society. The barriers have various origins: some of them emerge in the host country, while others result from gender stereotypes in the sending communities. The intersectional perspective is used in order to examine a variety of marginalisation practices, which may appear in different dimensions of social life: activity on the labour market, family life, stereotypes and attitudes of the receiving society. The outcomes of the intersecting statuses may be even more discriminating than the results of each of these social statuses separately. The context of the life stage is also essential in examining social barriers experienced by the group under study: young mothers, older uneducated women and foreigners in the early phases of being abroad are under particularly strong threat of discrimination. The analysis reveals that female migrants actively strategize to counteract marginalisation, most notably by self-employment and setting up family firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Policy Issues / Problemy Polityki Społecznej is the property of Faculty of Political Sciences & International Studies at University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explain attitudes towards the Polish welfare system the author analyses the statistical data and in-depth interviews with foreigners living in Poland. The topics discussed included, inter alia, health care, education, invalidity and old-age pension, and safeguards against poverty. The article begins by presenting the methodology and the legal framework. The second section describes experience of Ukrainian labour migrants with the Polish welfare with particular attention given to the practices they apply and, as well as comparison between Polish and Ukrainian welfare systems. Next, the experience of citizens of western EU member states is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the diversified self-employment trajectories of intra-EU migrant entrepreneurs in Poland in the context of the culture hierarchies persistent in Europe. The business ventures are established by intra-EU labour migrants, graduates of Polish universities, but also lifestyle migrants and individuals who migrate to Poland because of a partner or family residing here. Nationals of the post-2004 Member States are more inclined to register their own business entities than are nationals of the EU-15 countries: they are also more susceptible to the risk of failure (closing or suspending an enterprise). Qualitative research reveals that the career trajectories of EU-15 nationals are not necessarily dependent upon integration efforts. Immigrant entrepreneurs from countries like the UK or Spain may attract customer attention by profiting from their cultural background, but many of them exhibit a tendency to live in language and cultural enclaves. Migrant entrepreneurs from the EU-12 typically become successful in their business activities when they are well integrated with the host society - especially if they have a good knowledge of Polish. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)