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Wenn man vom „Internet of Things“ spricht, nickt die Industrie wissend, wahrend Endverbraucher die konkrete Einordnung des Begriffs tendenziell mit einem ahnenden Schulterzucken quittieren.

We report about the investigation of twisted MoSe2 homo- and MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayers by means of low-frequency Raman spectroscopy (LFRS) and low-temperature micro photoluminescence (µPL). In room-temperature LFRS experiments on both, twisted MoSe2 homobilayers and twisted MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayers, we observe moiré phonons, i.e. folded acoustic phonon modes due to the moiré superlattice. In the heterobilayers, we can identify moiré phonons of both materials, MoSe2 and WSe2. While the twist angles for the homobilayers are relatively precisely known from the applied tear-and-stack preparation method, the twist angles of the heterobilayers have to be determined via second-harmonic-generation microscopy on monolayer regions of the samples, which has significant uncertainties. We show that by the moiré phonons of the heterobilayers, the relative twist angles can be determined on a local scale with much higher precision. We apply our technique for the investigation of a large area H-type (twist angle θ = 60∘ + δ) MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayer. These investigations show that spatial regions, which can be identified to be atomically reconstructed (i.e. δ = 0∘) by the observation of an interlayer shear mode in LFRS experiments, exhibit a strong, momentum-allowed interlayer-exciton signal in low-temperature µPL. On the contrary, regions, where moiré phonons are observed, i.e. which can be identified to be rigidly twisted by a misalignment angle in the range of 5 ° ≲ | δ | ≲ 6 ° , exhibit no significant interlayer-exciton signals.

Basado en el análisis del periódico decimonónico El Nicaragüense, este artículo argumenta que el fenómeno de los filibusteros en Nicaragua en los años 1855-1857 sólo puede entenderse si salimos de los límites nacionales y miramos hacia procesos, productos y actores transnacionales. El texto analiza como esa publicación bilingüe editada por los filibusteros trasladó un concepto de periodismo estadounidense al istmo centroamericano y chocó con las ideas nicaragüenses al respecto, simbolizando sin embargo, una idea de progreso para algunos adherentes al liberalismo en tierras nicaragüenses. Explora el éxito propagandístico del diario, limitado su circulación a Estados Unidos; no obstante, su impacto en ese país fue enorme. El ensayo también discute la influencia de los cubanos en la tropa de Walker y concluye que estos jugaron un papel clave en los procesos de traducción lingüística y cultural entre anglosajones y nicaragüenses.

Designing shift plans represents a difficult but interesting task because they must satisfy various, often conflicting, requirements. In this article, we address a complex real-world break-scheduling problem for supervisory personnel and present a scheduling system that can help professional planners create high-quality shift plans. Supervisory personnel spend most of their workday in front of computer monitors, addressing critical and constantly changing situations. For employees working under such conditions to always maintain high levels of concentration, it's essential that they take occasional breaks. Usually, the amount of break time, as well as the position and duration of breaks within their work time (shift) are regulated by labor rules that must be satisfied by a feasible shift plan. Moreover, to guarantee effective supervision, a minimum number of employees must be working at any given time.

MEMS microphones must be further miniaturized for use in mobile devices. So we developed packaging technologies for MEMS microphones using flip chip technology instead of wire bonding. The first two generations have the sound hole in a ceramic interposer at the bottom side of the package. Now a new flip chip microphone package with the sound hole on the top side has been developed. The new package technology combines a large acoustic reference volume for good signal to noise ratio with small size. Compared to other microphone packages the sensitivity is improved by 3 dB. The front volume is small to avoid resonances in the acoustic frequency range.

When the filibusters arrived in Nicaragua in mid-1855 and rapidly began to establish themselves as its dominant voice in the USA, the country had already reaped headlines in the US media for a number of years. The majority of these accounts was produced in the form of travel narratives. Most travel accounts of the 1840s and 1850s—from the bestsellers by John Lloyd Stephens and Ephraim George Squier to lesser-known examples like Karl von Scherzer and Moritz Wagner—often took a rather formulaic approach toward their subjects. The expectations inherent in the travel writing genre often predetermined what the writers included in their reports.

From its inception, the Nicaraguan postwar official organ Gaceta Oficial published articles demonizing Walker and his filibusters. In an article of August 4, 1857 they are seen to come over the country like a disease: “as a consequence of the war [of the 1850s] the cholera arrived and massacred our people, and as another consequence Walker arrived who was even worse than this horrible disease.” Just a few weeks later, when the Nicaraguans became aware of Walker’s attempt to set sail to Central America again to regain power, the Gaceta described Walker as the one “who has recently attempted to take away our independence and liberty; the same one who everywhere is known as the assassin, the arsonist and the most hardened criminal, he is the one who figures as the principal leader in the new enterprise to subdue Central America.” This tactic, which should deflect criticism from the Democrats for their early connection with the filibusters, was also supported by their new allies the Conservatives.

In the 1904 novel Cabbages and Kings by O. Henry, Clancy—one of the colorful characters of the fictitious Central American republic of Anchuria—reminiscences about the time he tried his hand at “filibustering.” On a New Orleans dock Clancy accidentally stumbles over boxes of guns being loaded onto a ship bound for Guatemala, and imagines that they might form part of a filibustering plot. Enthusiastically, he offers his services as a fellow freedom fighter to the person in charge. As it turns out, the weapons are destined for the supervision of railway workers, who have to labor in slave-like conditions to construct a transisthmian railway. For some time Clancy is stuck in the hellish construction work but eventually manages to escape and exact revenge on his tormentor. The remembrance of this adventure, which he started so lightheartedly, is brought back to Clancy when observing the nice weather on a typical Anchurian evening.

In his hugely successful and widely read travel narrative Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan from 1841, John Lloyd Stephens describes how his arrival in Granada, Nicaragua, was greeted with enthusiasm, and how he was congratulated on his recent “escape from prison” in San Salvador. In fact, this was a rather minor affair; on his way to the ruins of Copan, in what is today Honduras, Stephens and his accompanying artist Frederick Catherwood were prevented from leaving their lodgings in the village of Copan for one night when a young Honduran officer questioned the validity of their passports. Stephens then wrote a message to the passport issuer, their benefactor General Cascara, and shortly afterward the whole issue was resolved.

Every tourist who visits the Honduran town of Trujillo on the Caribbean coast will notice (and probably visit) the impressive Fort Santa Barbara which dominates the bay. Right outside its main entrance the visitor might come across a curious commemorative stone in the pasture surrounding the fort, which simply reads “William Walker, 1860.” While some visitors might associate Trujillo with the American author William Sidney Porter—better known under his nom de plume O. Henry—(who had lived there in the 1890s and drew on this experience in several of his “banana republic” short stories), most will be at a loss to place the anglophone name of “William Walker”—as will be most Hondurans, by the way. Meandering off to the old cemetery, though, the visitor will again come across the name, this time as the inscription to the best-attended grave in the graveyard and the only fenced-off gravestone, which reads “William Walker, fusilado, 12 Septiembre 1860.”

The present study aims at critically examining the transnational representations of the filibuster expedition to Nicaragua in the years 1855–1857 as well as this incident’s historical context and the repercussions these representations have enjoyed. Putting the filibuster publication El Nicaraguense into the spotlight also provided a possibility to transcend national paradigms in the analysis of this unique episode. But what has this analysis yielded? How did a transnational approach to this historical event change, amplify or contest our knowledge on antebellum America, transnational newspaper publications, hemispheric exchange processes in the Americas or the historical impact of nineteenth-century sources on contemporary historiography? As the title of this section already indicates, final answers are hard to nail down, but the study can hopefully present important advancements by researching the questions mentioned above.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of adapted preparation on the insertion torque of self-tapping implants in cancellous bone. In adapted preparation, bone condensation – and thus, insertion torque – is controlled by changing the diameter of the drilling. Material and methods: After preparation of cancellous porcine vertebral bone with drills of 2.85, 3, 3.15 or 3.35 mm final diameters, Branemark sytem® Mk III implants (3.75 × 11.5 mm) were inserted in 141 sites. During implantation, the insertion torque was recorded. Prior to implant insertion, bone mineralization (bone mineral density (BMD)) was measured with dental quantative computed tomography. The BMD values measured at the implant position were correlated with insertion torque for varying bone condensation. Results: Based on the average torque recorded during implant insertion into the pre-drilled canals with a diameter of 3 mm, torque increased by approximately 17% on reducing the diameter of the drill by 5% (to 2.85 mm). On increasing the diameter of the osteotomy to 3.15 mm (5%) or 3.35 mm (12%), torque values decreased by approximately 21% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a correlation between primary stability (average insertion torque) and the diameter of the implant bed on using a screw-shaped implant. Thus, using an individualized bone mineralization-dependent drilling technique, optimized torque values could be achieved in all tested bone qualities with BMDs ranging from 330 to 500 mg/cm3. The results indicate that using a bone-dependent drilling technique, higher torque values can also be achieved in poor bone using an individualized drilling resulting in higher bone condensation. As immediate function is dependent on primary stability (high insertion torque), this indicates that primary stability can be increased using a modified drilling technique in lesser mineralized bone.

Encounters between cultures are also encounters between knowledge systems. This volume brings together a number of case studies that explore how some knowledge in cultural contact zones becomes transient, evanescent, and ephemeral. The essays examine various aspects of cultural, especially colonial, epistemic exchanges, placing special emphasis on the fate of those knowledges that are not easily appropriated by or translated from one cultural sphere into another and thus remain at the margins of cross-cultural exchanges. In addition, the imposition of colonial power is unthinkable without the strategic deployment and use of knowledge; most colonial states, including those of Germany in the Baltic and in West Africa, were knowledge-acquiring machines – yet, acquisition always includes rejection, detainment and subjugation of recalcitrant epistemes. Bringing together insights from various scholarly disciplines, including literary studies, history, historical anthropology, and political science, the essays in this volume investigate how different or unfamiliar knowledge was, and in some cases still is, disarticulated by being belittled, discredited, and demonized. But they also show the strategies of resilience deployed by subjugated and subaltern people: the ways in which certain materials have escaped the coloniality of knowledge – how fragments and shards of other epistemologies remain inscribed in the polyphony and fuzziness of intercultural documents and archives.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between bone mineral density measured preoperatively with dental computed tomography (CT), and insertion torque of screw-shaped dental implants. Material and methods: In eight human mandibles obtained postmortem, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dental quantitative CT (DQCT) and correlated with insertion torque values at 45 implant sites during insertion of screw-shaped dental implants (Branemark System MKIII, Nobel Biocare, AB, Goteborg, Sweden). Results: A significant correlation (r=0.86, P

In the Humanities, transnational approaches have gained widespread currency, especially in such fields as American Studies.1 This chapter aims to apply these approaches to the study of masculinities and their interrelationship with nationalism by focusing on one particular historical case study. It provides a transnational perspective on the gender dimensions of American nation-building in the nineteenth century, attempting to challenge nation-state-centered scholarship on the history of masculinities in the modern world. It argues that the transnational forays of the so-called filibusters enhance our understanding of how different masculinities interacted with each other in what Mary Louise Pratt has famously called the “contact zone” between different cultures.2

To correlate torque forces during insertion of screw-type dental implants with bone mineral density (BMD) values determined preoperatively.Dental quantitative computed tomography (CT) was performed with simultaneous imaging of five postmortem mandibles and a calibration standard containing defined concentrations of calcium hydroxyapatite. CT numbers were converted to local BMD values by assuming a linear relationship (BMD = a x HU + b), where a and b are calibration coefficients. The a, b, P, and t values, correlation coefficients, and standard errors were calculated. Dental implants (n = 25) were set, and insertion torques were recorded. BMD was determined at the implantation site and correlated with torque forces recorded during implant insertion. Calibration coefficients derived for specimens were compared with those derived for actual patients.Calibration coefficients (at 120 kV) for the postmortem specimens were a = 0.760 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SD) and b = 2.8 +/- 3.7 and for the patients were a = 0.804 +/- 0.06 and b = 5.2 +/- 4.2. Calibrated BMD values at the location of dental implants exhibit a significant correlation (R(2) = 0.83, P.001) with insertion torques on the basis of a second-order model, which yields torque = (0.0055 x BMD + 0.73)(2) for the implants used and the surgical technique applied.Correlation exists between BMD measured with dental quantitative CT and the insertion torque of dental implants.

Since the Electric Power Research Institute in the U.S.A. (EPRI) proposed the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) in 1988, R&D activities of the FACTS are intensively pushed by the liberalization of the power delivery system in the U.S.A. and the Central Europe. Especially, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) that has been developed by the EPRI and Westinghouse is one of the most functional devices. However, the UPFC has several problems because of having complex transformers. For example, it not only generates comparatively big power losses into the transformers but also has to prevent the magnetic saturation of the transformers. As an effective solution, the Transformerless Reactive Series Compensator (TLRSC) has been proposed. Some basic operations have been already described in detail. However, the TLRSC is directly series-connected with transmission lines and the line current always flows through the TLRSC. Therefore, such special operations as a pre-charging operation, a start-up/shut-down operation and a continuous operation must be considered to realize the TLRSC. In this paper, firstly, a new configuration of the TLRSC with AC switches is proposed. Next, it is focused that the AC switches can carry out the special operations. Finally, it is verified that the new TLRSC doesn't need any transformer at all.

Der Pariser Mai steht metonymisch fur die Studentenrevolte der 1960er Jahre, die auch im Verhaltnis zur »internationalistisch« ausgerichteten Arbeiterbewegung des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts — als erste transnationale Protestbewegung gelten darf: »Weltweit zog damals eine studentische Protestbewegung die Aufmerksamkeit auf sich: von Berkeley bis Rom, von Tokio bis Berlin« (Wehler, 312). Getragen wurde sie uberwiegend — daher die Klassifikation als Studentenrevolte oder -bewegung von — jungen Leuten aus dem akademischen Betrieb, aber auch Auszubildende, Schuler und Berufstatige engagierten sich in einer ansonsten eher protestarmen Zeit. Im Monat Mai des Jahres 1968 verdichtete sich in Paris eine Serie von Protesten, die von 1964 bis in die 1970er Jahre um die ganze Welt gingen, mit telegenen »Barrikadennachten« in der franzosischen Hauptstadt aber eine besondere Intensitat und Dramatik entwickelten und wohl am starksten das etablierte politische System durch eine Allianz mit linksgerichteten Arbeitnehmer-Gewerkschaften und Generalstreik herausforderten. Der damals amtierende Staatsprasident Charles de Gaulle hatte seine Demission erwogen (sie erfolgte ein Jahr spater), der um ihn herum gruppierte Gaullismus konnte sich nicht mehr als fuhrende Kraft halten. Aber auch sein Antipode, die Kommunistische Partei Frankreichs, wurde von der antiautoritaren Revolte als alterskrank und sklerotisch ins Visier genommen; zudem sammelten sich linksradikale Sekten trotzkistischer, maoistischer und anarchistischer Provenienz, die nur wenige Mitglieder hatten, aber bis weit ins linksburgerliche Milieu Einfluss gewannen.

The aim of this study was to establish a correlation between bone mineral density measured preoperatively with dental computed tomography (CT), and insertion torque of screw-shaped dental implants.In eight human mandibles obtained postmortem, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dental quantitative CT (DQCT) and correlated with insertion torque values at 45 implant sites during insertion of screw-shaped dental implants (Brånemark System MKIII, Nobel Biocare, AB, Göteborg, Sweden).A significant correlation (r=0.86, P0.001) between BMD and torque values was observed, indicating that local BMD at a specific implant position is related to the supportive capacity of the jawbone. BMD exhibited no correlation with bone height or position.The noninvasive assessment of BMD using a DQCT scan employing a low-dose protocol may be used to estimate expected primary stability depending on BMD, implant type and preparation procedure. These data may therefore help the surgeon to select the optimum implant position, implant type and operation technique.