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Prostate cancer at the castration-resistant stage (CRPC) is a leading cause of death among men due to resistance to anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy. We set up an in vitro model of therapy-induced cancer repopulation and acquired cell resistance (CRAC) on etoposide-treated CRPC PC3 cells, witnessing therapy-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and chemoresistance among repopulating cells. Here, we explore the metabolic changes leading to chemo-induced CRAC, measuring the exchange rates cell/culture medium of 36 metabolites via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. We studied the evolution of PC3 metabolism throughout recovery from etoposide, encompassing the degenerative, quiescent, and repopulating phases. We found that glycolysis is immediately shut off by etoposide, gradually recovering together with induction of EMT and repopulation. Instead, OXPHOS, already high in untreated PC3, is boosted by etoposide to decline afterward, though stably maintaining values higher than control. Notably, high levels of EMT, crucial in the acquisition of chemoresistance, coincide with a strong acceleration of metabolism, especially in the exchange of principal nutrients and their end products. These results provide novel information on the energy metabolism of cancer cells repopulating from cytotoxic drug treatment, paving the way for uncovering metabolic vulnerabilities to be possibly pharmacologically targeted and providing novel clinical options for CRPC.

In light of the poor and fragmented literature on contemporary Greek diaspora in Italy, not yet adequately covered by the historical and social disciplines, this article attempts to fill that void, thus providing an essential contribution to the studies on the Greek diaspora. Using the results of a field research, we analyze the two main push and pull factors of Greek migration to Italy in the second half of the twentieth century, namely the student migration and the migration related to the Second World War. Through the narrative reconstruction by the second generation members, we retrace the most important phases that have characterized the migratory experience of Greek migrants in Italy within a wider historical framework of analysis, also by using unpublished documents collected in Greek, Italian and American historical archives. We use an analysis method that combines the narratives of second generation members with the statistical analysis of the variables, by reconstructing the family history through the use of data derived from both questionnaires and life stories.

Apoptotic cells stimulate compensatory proliferation through the caspase-3-cPLA-2-COX-2-PGE-2-STAT3 Phoenix Rising pathway as a healing process in normal tissues. Phoenix Rising is however usurped in cancer, potentially nullifying pro-apoptotic therapies. Cytotoxic therapies also promote cancer cell plasticity through epigenetic reprogramming, leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), chemo-resistance and tumor progression. We explored the relationship between such scenarios, setting-up an innovative, straightforward one-pot in vitro model of therapy-induced prostate cancer repopulation. Cancer (castration-resistant PC3 and androgen-sensitive LNCaP), or normal (RWPE-1) prostate cells, are treated with etoposide and left recovering for 18 days. After a robust apoptotic phase, PC3 setup a coordinate tissue-like response, repopulating and acquiring EMT and chemo-resistance; repopulation occurs via Phoenix Rising, being dependent on high PGE-2 levels achieved through caspase-3-promoted signaling; epigenetic inhibitors interrupt Phoenix Rising after PGE-2, preventing repopulation. Instead, RWPE-1 repopulate via Phoenix Rising without reprogramming, EMT or chemo-resistance, indicating that only cancer cells require reprogramming to complete Phoenix Rising. Intriguingly, LNCaP stop Phoenix-Rising after PGE-2, failing repopulating, suggesting that the propensity to engage/complete Phoenix Rising may influence the outcome of pro-apoptotic therapies. Concluding, we established a reliable system where to study prostate cancer repopulation, showing that epigenetic reprogramming assists Phoenix Rising to promote post-therapy cancer repopulation and acquired cell-resistance (CRAC).

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a powerful treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients, but eventually and inevitably, cancer relapses, progressing to the fatal castration-resistant (CR)PC stage. Progression implies the emergence of cells proliferating in the absence of androgen through still elusive mechanisms. We show here for the first time that ADT induces LNCaP mHSPC cells to collectively enter a metastable quasi-apoptotic state (QUAPS) consisting of partial mitochondrial permeabilization, limited BAX and caspase activation, and moderate induction of caspase-dependent dsDNA breaks; despite this, cells maintain full viability. QUAPS is destabilized by poly(ADP)-polymerase inhibition (PARPi), breaking off toward overt intrinsic apoptosis and culture extinction. Instead, QUAPS is rapidly and efficiently reverted upon androgen restoration, with mitochondria rapidly recovering integrity and cells collectively resuming normal proliferation. Notably, replication restarts before DNA repair is completed, and implies an increased micronuclei frequency, indicating that ADT promotes genetic instability. The recovered cells re-acquire insensitivity to PARPi (as untreated LNCaP), pointing to specific, context-dependent vulnerability of mHSPC cells to PARPi during ADT. Summarizing, QUAPS is an unstable, pro-mutagenic state developing as a pro-survival pathway stabilized by PARP, and constitutes a novel viewpoint explaining how ADT-treated mHSPC may progress to CRPC, indicating possible preventive countermeasures.

Through field research on Greek second-generation migrants in Italy ‐ a hitherto unexplored and under-represented population ‐ this article examines their use of the Internet in a diasporic and transnational context. More specifically, it explores the ways in which the Greek second generation uses the Internet in order to maintain ties with Greece and seeks to understand the role that the Internet performs in the context of diaspora. Moreover, the diasporic media content on the Internet and the interconnection between online and offline worlds will be analysed in order to assess the impact of the Internet on diasporic networks and interpersonal relationships, especially with reference to critical events such as the Greek debt crisis. The research findings show that the maintenance of ties with the motherland is deeply affected by a mass-mediated imaginary that frequently transcends national space. The ease and frequency with which the Internet crosses borders produce undeniably new ways of imagining the place of origin and create alternatives to the nation state, in terms of emotional belonging and identifying transnationally with other diaspora members.

This paper investigates migrant representation patterns according to media political orientation, analyzing the coverage of key-events by liberal/conservative online newspapers of France, Greece, Italy, UK. From our textual and visual analysis, it is possible to recognize slight specificities between liberals and conservatives, but not indicative of a deep change of narratives. In both, we registered a prevalence of the "acceptance frame", an infrequent use of negative tones in texts and aesthetic topic in images, among the "topics of suffering" by Boltanski. Moreover, a domesticity approach limiting the possibility of new narratives of Europe and the rest of the world emerges.

Negli ultimi cinquant'anni la popolazione italiana è stata attraversata da profondi e radicali cambiamenti strutturali connessi ad alcune grandi trasformazioni del contesto demografico nazionale: la caduta della natalità e della fecondità (arrivata a livelli tra i più bassi al mondo); l'emergere e il diffondersi di nuovi modelli familiari; l'invecchiamento della popolazione; l'evoluzione del ruolo della donna nella società; l'importanza rapidamente crescente dell'immigrazione straniera e il formarsi di una società culturalmente più eterogenea. In termini di fecondità, l'Italia con 1,32 figli per donna si attesta sotto la media dell'Unione europea di 1,59. A partire dalla seconda metà degli anni settanta il tasso di fecondità totale (Tft) è sceso al di sotto del livello di sostituzione (2,1 figli per donna) e da almeno trent'anni presenta valori tra i più bassi del Continente. Il minimo storico è stato toccato nel 1995 con 1,19 figli per donna e la ripresa successiva, interrottasi per altro con la crisi economica, deve molto alle nascite da genitori stranieri. Del resto è solo la straordinaria crescita dell'immigrazione straniera, registrata nel ventennio a cavallo del nuovo millennio, ad aver impedito che la popolazione iniziasse a diminuire, contrastando un saldo naturale negativo e rallentando il processo di invecchiamento e la diminuzione della popolazione in età lavorativa. Ciò nonostante siamo uno dei paesi più vecchi al mondo e il perdurare della crisi economica ha ridotto il contributo demografico dell'immigrazione, determinando in questi ultimi anni anche un calo della popolazione.

Partendo dal concetto di progettualità, il contributo intende esplorare le dimensioni socio-culturali sottese alla bassa fecondità in Italia attraverso la lente interpretativa di due modelli culturali: la cultura della scelta e la cultura della responsabilità. In particolare, all'interno di questa prospettiva, la scelta riproduttiva e la progettualità del diventare genitori sono discussi focalizzando l'attenzione sulla rappresentazione sociale della maternità e il rapporto tra genitorialità e sfera extradomestica.

La finalità di questo Rapporto è quella di elaborare un'analisi socio-antropologica dei modelli sociali e culturali di comportamento sulla fecondità in Italia e delle recenti trasformazioni che hanno subito, dal punto di vista degli attori sociali, in rapporto a fattori storici e macrosociali dei processi riproduttivi. A. Quali chiavi di lettura, in termini di strategie procreative e modelli socio-culturali di comportamento, possono essere impiegate per analizzare e interpretare la persistenza del basso livello di fecondità in Italia? B. Che cosa significa "fare famiglia" in Italia oggi? Quali cambiamenti sono avvenuti nel processo di organizzazione dei ruoli familiari e nelle relazioni di coppia? C. Quali trasformazioni sono intervenute negli ultimi decenni nelle pratiche di vita e nei modelli di relazioni familiari e intergenerazionali? Partendo da questi interrogativi, l'obiettivo di questo Rapporto è mettere in evidenza come dietro un processo di diminuzione della fecondità, per lo più omogeneo a livello nazionale, si nascondano differenti motivazioni ed interpretazioni individuali e collettive che riguardano le trasformazioni sociali, culturali e demografiche avvenute in Italia dagli anni '70 ad oggi.

The principal originality of this article lies in the analysis on ethnicity and identity in an under-explored geographical/ethnic context, that is the Greek second generation in Italy. Through a field research, the article analyses second generation Greek migrants' process of identity construction, highlighting the emergence of a network of multiple and hybrid belongings as well as a combination of identities and dialectical positions. The field research findings show that hybrid belongings contradict the idea of cultural purity by revealing that all cultures are hybrid all along. In fact, self-representation and self-identification of the Greek second generation challenge traditional paradigms of ethnicity entailing a reworking of pre-existing hybridity rather than any simple combination of Italian and Greek identities. Another key argument that emerged from this fieldwork is the importance of the specific context, positions and conditions in which hybridity operates.

Summary Purpose In the Littoral Province of Cameroon, in the Sanaga River Valley, a door-to-door epidemiological study was carried out in order to evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in a small village located in a geographically isolated area, hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis. It was followed by an electro-clinical evaluation of patients and a case–control study. Methods The study involved a three-phases design: in phase I, a screening questionnaire was administered, in phase II, the presence of epilepsy was confirmed with electro-clinical evaluation, and in phase III, risk factors for epilepsy, socio-economical factors and life habits were evaluated in patients and two matched controls for the age (±1 year) residents in the same village. Endemicity level of onchocerciasis was assessed in the village by measuring the prevalence of nodules in adult males aged ≥20 years (PNAM). Results One hundred eighty-one subjects (100 male and 81 female) were examined (91.9% of the overall population). The crude prevalence rate of active epilepsy was 105 per 1000 pop (CI 95% 60–150) while the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 134.5 cases per 1000 pop (CI 95% 90–178). Seizures were classified as generalized in 10 patients (52.6%) and partial in nine (47.4%). In 17 patients EEG was recorded. Afterward the electro-clinical classification this distribution was inverted: generalized seizures occurred in 35.3% of cases and partial seizures in 64.7% of cases. The PNAM was 62.5%. The surveyed village was classified as hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis. Among risk factors, only positive family history for epilepsy was found (p = 0.031). A sample pedigree of a family with 10 epileptic cases (4 included in the epidemiological study) was showed. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first door-to-door study that produce an adjusted prevalence rate on epilepsy in Cameroon. In according to studies done in Tanzania, Liberia, Uganda, and Ethiopia, our results (i.e., the high prevalence rate in a restricted area, the clinical characteristics of epileptic seizures, the positive family history for epilepsy and the type of pedigree of a family with epileptic patients) may be accounted for by the presence of an strong interaction between environmental and genetic factors in some circumscribed areas.

Quali sono stati i principali flussi migratori che hanno caratterizzato la diaspora greca in Italia nel XX secolo? Quali comunità elleniche hanno lasciato significative impronte storiche nelle città italiane? In che modo la seconda generazione manifesta il proprio attaccamento emotivo verso la terra ancestrale e definisce il proprio senso identitario di grecità? Le origini elleniche e la ricerca delle radici culturali o della storia familiare possono spingere i figli dei greci emigrati in Italia a considerare la Grecia come luogo di un eventuale "ritorno ancestrale"? In questo libro, i due autori tentano di dare una risposta a queste e ad altre domande, partendo dalla necessità di fornire un contributo agli studi sulla diaspora ellenica contemporanea in Italia, tematica non ancora adeguatamente trattata dalle discipline storiche e sociali.

By using the findings of a field study concerning Greek student mobility in Italy, this paper makes a concrete contribution to the international and European debate on the study of transnational migration. It analyses the socio-cultural identity building process of Greek students in Italy, highlighting new forms of citizenship and cultural identities that often go beyond the perimeter of Nation-states and give rise to socialisation processes characterized by fluidity and syncretism. These new forms of citizenship and cultural identities, and the strategies through which identity is constructed in relation to others, involve the creation of transnational social spaces, the relations that Greek students maintain with their places of origin, the exchanges between the two sides of the Mediterranean and the way in which Greek students seek to reproduce social practices that recall the motherland.

The main reason for the Greek student migration depends on the exclusion from the Greek university system. But this push factor does not exhaust the explanation for the Greek student mobility. By using the findings of a field study in Italy, this paper highlights that the acquisition of foreign educational credentials is considered as an attempt to obtain a more valuable form of education through mobility. Furthermore, it stresses the relationship between mobility and the accumulation of cultural capital through international education whereby the mobility of Greek students tends to create social reproduction in Greece.

The presence of Greek students in Italian universities has always been significant and consistent, determining the general trend as regards the presence of foreign students in Italy. Despite a sharp decline in Greek student mobility towards Italian universities, Italy, after the UK and Germany, continues to be one of the main countries of destination for students from Greece.

(English) Brain drain is a phenomenon that Greece has experienced since late 1950, which has continued in subsequent decades and intensified over the 1990s. Although there was, in the first decade of the twenty-first century, a political and economic situation more stable than in the past, the unprecedented economic crisis that Greece is going through has caused, and will continue to cause, the increase in brain drain due to poor employment opportunities and strong austerity measures taken by past governments, which depress the level of living standards. If this massive human capital flight increases, which is very likely, it would surely worsen the situation as Greece would continue to suffer depression effects on its economy and to lose precisely the resources it needs for economic recovery. This article highlights some causes determining the brain drain in Greece, also in the light of some scientific surveys that analyse this phenomenon. Moreover, it tries to provide keys to ending the crisis and to economic recovery, starting from education and implementation of major reforms aimed at overcoming problems that have long plagued the Hellenic education system and that can enhance its quality, while maintaining commitments to equity and social justice. (Italiano) Quello del brain drain è un fenomeno che la Grecia ha vissuto fin dalla fine degli anni 1950 che ha continuato nei decenni successivi e che si è intensificato nel corso degli anni 1990. Nonostante vi sia stata, nel primo decennio del XXI secolo, una situazione politica ed economica piuttosto stabile rispetto al passato, l’attuale crisi economica senza precedenti che la Grecia sta attraversando ha provocato e continuerà a provocare l’aumento della fuga dei cervelli a causa delle scarse opportunità di lavoro e delle forti misure di austerità, prese dagli ultimi governi, che deprimono il livello standard di vita. Se la fuga massiccia di capitale umano dovesse assumere dimensione più grandi, cosa assai probabile, la situazione potrebbe sicuramente peggiorare perché così la Grecia continuerebbe a subire effetti depressivi per la propria economia e a perdere esattamente le risorse umane di cui ha bisogno per la ripresa economica. Questo articolo analizza alcune cause determinanti la fuga dei cervelli, alla luce anche di contributi scientifici che esaminano questo fenomeno. Individua inoltre alcune possibili chiavi di uscita dalla crisi e di ripresa economica, partendo dall’istruzione e dall’attuazione di importanti riforme finalizzate al superamento di problemi che hanno a lungo afflitto il sistema di istruzione ellenico e che possono migliorarne la qualità, pur mantenendo impegni di equità e giustizia sociale.

La presenza di popolazione di cittadinanza straniera in Italia ha raggiunto livelli del tutto considerevoli con un incremento particolarmente straordinario nell'ultimo decennio: considerando la componente regolare iscritta in anagrafe, a inizio 2013 gli stranieri ammontano a 4,4 milioni e rappresentano l'7,4% della popolazione totale residente, mentre all'ultimo Censimento erano 1,3 milioni e pesavano il 2,3% sul totale. Dunque in appena 10 anni sono più che triplicati ammontare e proporzione di stranieri residenti in Italia, identificando il fenomeno migratorio come fattore strutturale necessario e conveniente per la società italiana. Tali tendenze sono il frutto da un lato degli enormi squilibri - demografici, economici e sociali - tra i paesi di origine dei flussi migratori rispetto all'Italia e dall'altro di una serie di deficit strutturali peculiari del nostro Paese, peraltro territorialmente estremamente differenziati, che stimolano una forte domanda di lavoro immigrato. I contributi degli esperti al questionario hanno riguardato tendenze e tematiche future della ricerca quali l'aumento dell'immigrazione ma a ritmi di crescita più contenuti, l'intensificazione di "push" e "pull factors", la comparsa di nuovi paesi di destinazione sulla scena migratoria internazionale, l'analisi del ruolo della componente immigrata nel mercato del lavoro, interventi nelle politiche migratorie a livello nazionale e sovranazionale, le migrazioni transnazionali, il processo di integrazione della popolazione immigrata, la crescita della popolazione di origine straniera (seconde e successive generazioni) e, infine, lo spreco dei cervelli (brain waste).

Without a doubt, the analysis of the Greek student mobility would be very useful in understanding aspects of Greek society and the reasons which prompted the students to leave their country, especially in this historical period characterised by an unprecedented economic crisis in Greece. This research aims at studying the characteristics of the Greek students in the Italian universities, providing suggestions for improving decision making and for ensuring equal opportunities for quality education. This survey analyses their migratory plans, training, expectations of study, evaluation of the universities and job prospects by taking as a hypothesis the "Ulysses metaphor", in that it is possible to return to Greece by means of their cultural capital. From a transnational perspective, this research tries to explain the dynamics of inclusion into the Roman social fabric and the process of creation of their cultural identity and the ties with Greek networks that are factors of social identification and enhancement of their cultural heritage from transnational contexts.

(English) (Italiano) Attraverso l’utilizzo dell’approccio biografico, sono state ricostruire le traiettorie di vita delle migranti polacche altamente qualificate presenti sul territorio della provincia romana. Si è indagato sulle modalità e sulle motivazioni dei progetti migratori all’interno di una prospettiva transnazionale, mettendo in risalto il ruolo attivo del social network polacco che giustifica l’elevata presenza polacca nella città di Roma da non ricondurre, in maniera riduttiva, a ragioni puramente economiche. Infine, largo spazio è stato dato all’analisi del percorso formativo e professionale per indagare su possibili problematiche legate al corretto utilizzo delle competenze professionali e al riconoscimento del titolo di studio alla luce del fenomeno del sottoinquadramento o del cosiddetto brain waste (spreco dei cervelli).

Questo volume presenta centocinquanta anni di storia d'Italia letti attraverso gli studi sulla popolazione, le analisi demografiche e del welfare, quelle di politica educativa e scientifica. Il percorso è molto vario e si dipana tra piani diversi e tappe, talora distanziate talora ravvicinate, con differente sviluppo. Gli strumenti e le chiavi di lettura utilizzati sono quelli degli autori, un gruppo di ricercatori e tecnici dell'Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione e le Politiche Sociali del CNR di cui Sveva Avveduto è il direttore, che si dedicano allo studio delle relazioni tra tendenze della popolazione e dello sviluppo sociale ed economico, a quello delle dinamiche sociali e delle politiche nei sistemi di welfare, all'analisi del mutamento della società collegato alla diffusione delle conoscenze e delle tecnologie dell'informazione. Il quadro che ne esce delinea uno sviluppo a più velocità avanzato e accelerato in taluni casi, lento e faticoso in talaltri, specchio delle trasformazioni del Paese.

Attraverso l'utilizzo dell'approccio biografico, sono state ricostruire le traiettorie di vita delle migranti polacche altamente qualificate presenti sul territorio della provincia romana. Si è indagato sulle modalità e sulle motivazioni dei progetti migratori all'interno di una prospettiva transnazionale, mettendo in risalto il ruolo attivo del social network polacco che giustifica l'elevata presenza polacca nella città di Roma da non ricondurre, in maniera riduttiva, a ragioni puramente economiche. Infine, largo spazio è stato dato all'analisi del percorso formativo e professionale per indagare su possibili problematiche legate al corretto utilizzo delle competenze professionali e al riconoscimento del titolo di studio alla luce del fenomeno del sottoinquadramento o del cosiddetto brain waste (spreco dei cervelli).

At present there are very strong flows of Romanian workers, who today make up the largest immigrant community in Italy, accompanied by the delocation of small and medium entrepreneurs towards Romania. These flows benefit both Italy's commercial interests and Romania's need for development, which seems to confirm the thesis that immigration is an opportunity.

Brain drain is a phenomenon that Greece has experienced since late 1950, which has continued in subsequent decades and intensified over the 1990s. Although there was, in the first decade of the twenty-first century, a political and economic situation more stable than in the past, the unprecedented economic crisis that Greece is going through has caused, and will continue to cause, the increase in brain drain due to poor employment opportunities and strong austerity measures taken by past governments, which depress the level of living standards. If this massive human capital flight increases, which is very likely, it would surely worsen the situation as Greece would continue to suffer depression effects on its economy and to lose precisely the resources it needs for economic recovery. This article highlights some causes determining the brain drain in Greece, also in the light of some scientific surveys that analyse this phenomenon. Moreover, it tries to provide keys to ending the crisis and to economic recovery, starting from education and implementation of major reforms aimed at overcoming problems that have long plagued the Hellenic education system and that can enhance its quality, while maintaining commitments to equity and social justice.

This article contributes to the literature on return migration of second-generation immigrants. Based on fieldwork on Greek migrants in Italy, it does so by examining the potential for and the actual performance of counter-diasporic migration. The research findings show that emotional attachment and a general desire to return to the homeland characterize the second-generation diaspora Greeks in Italy, although the possibility of an actual return may be imaginary. Regarding the reasons for counter-diasporic migration, there are numerous pull factors, including a prominent emotional and symbolic attraction. Greek origins, the bonds of kinship, and the presence of a transnational network play an important role in strengthening the relationship with the homeland and in shaping a life project founded on a strong desire to return to their ancestral homeland. In this sense, counter-diasporic migration represents another element in the cyclical movement that characterizes the Greek Diaspora with the phenomenon discussed in this article, as the final and long-awaited return home.

Some studies have recently attempted to go beyond the conception of migratory networks as static and immutable entities, inviting to consider their dynamic nature by broadening the perspective of networks that consider all the agents that contribute to the structuring of migrations. In line with this current debate, this paper provides interesting insights regarding the migration industry, including smuggling networks, and the use of technology by networks to build the migration project and gain awareness of risks and costs of migration, especially if irregular. This broadening of the network perspective is thus understood as a further step towards understanding migration as a social process, useful for analyzing the ability of networks to build migratory movements.

This article makes a concrete contribution to the international and European debate on the study of transnational migration. It highlights new forms of human mobility in terms of bi-directional flows and processes in which Hellenic students in Italy shape and sustain social stratified relationships that connect home and host societies. This occurs due to 'cross-border activities' including practices that entail the physical crossing of geopolitical borders (bi-directional travels and visits) as well as activities of a more mundane nature in which the act of traversing frontiers does not involve any change in physical location (satellite technology, internet, consumption of cultural goods). From a transnational perspective, this article has as its objective the dynamics of inclusion of Greek students into the Italian social fabric and the process of creation of their cultural identity and the ties with their country and with Greek networks that are factors of social identification and enhancement of their cultural heritage from transnational contexts.

The aim of this article is to analyse the building process of the “immigration issue” as a result of the interaction among political actors, news media and civil society. In the first part, based on the available theoretical and empirical literature, we provide an overview of the way in which immigration has been treated and shaped by the Italian media throughout the past forty years. The second part is based on original research data deriving from the content analysis of the news coverage by la Repubblica and Corriere della Sera (the two most important and influential Italian newspapers) during the semesters of June-November 2008 and 2014. We deal with the immigration issue in the light of three primary elements: 1) the sub-issues which constitute the main issue; 2) the political scenario of each news-event; 3) the actors who gain visibility in the media arena. Results show that, in both sample-periods, the Italian papers arena becomes more pluralized in terms of actors and relative stances: the central role of the domestic political actors is antagonized by the positioning of numerous actors of the civil society (especially in 2008) and by the intervention of the European Union. This process tends to expand the sub-issue of rights-racism, counterbalancing the previously established strength of the sub-issue of threats-insecurity. In the context of a prevailing narrative characterized by the mix of emergency and political conflict, in 2008 a civil society coalition opposes the ongoing government reform on security; in 2014 the recurrent refugees’ landings on the Southern Italy coasts lead to a supra-national replacement of the political competences towards the EU institutions. This more significant standing of the civil society’s actors and of the European Union’s institutions brings interesting consequences on the interaction dynamics, which are to be considered the main factor in redefining the issue. Such process is favoured by the logics adopted by the two outlets, that commit to advocate against racism and to support hospitality policies.