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The goal of this study is to revisit and contrast the original data from “School Library eBook Providers and Spanish Language Equity: An Analysis of eBook Collections Available to School Libraries.” Our original study examined the eBooks in Spanish provided by vendors of library resources to school libraries to determine if there are equitable offerings of eBooks in Spanish relative to the Spanish speaking school population in the United States. The processes in that study were replicated where possible and expanded upon for contextual understanding. Results indicate an increase in the Spanish language eBook options available in this replication study.

This mixed-methods study focused on advanced student engagement, mathematics competence, and the influence of teachers in classrooms that used 3D printing to teach mathematics. Quantitative methods were used to understand changes in student perceptions of competence, engagement, and feelings regarding group work. Qualitative methods were used to explore teacher self-efficacy in teaching using Prototype Problem Solving and 3D modeling. The results indicated positive changes in student disengagement. It also highlighted the influence of teachers in implementing new pedagogy in the classroom as significant differences were found between groups of students based on school. The teacher participants indicated that in addition to learning how to use 3D modeling and printing in their classrooms, using Prototype Problem Solving Activities and the professional development that they received in this program inspired them to provide more creative opportunities when teaching mathematics in a heterogeneous classroom.

If school library collections must meet the needs of the communities they serve, the native languages of the student population must be an important consideration when making purchasing decisions about eBooks. Many professionals in the library community believe that materials in electronic format have the potential to enrich library collections with linguistic diversity. To ensure that school library collections reflect the linguistic diversity of the community, as school library professionals we need to gain a better understanding of what resources are available for our students in digital format. Recent studies indicate that eBooks available from vendors to schools libraries do not meet the linguistic needs of children whose native language is not English. Several international organizations have recognized this issue and are developing initiatives to resolve the growing digital and linguistic divide.

This chapter will examine the theoretical uses of blockchain technologies in research libraries. Technology has enhanced the services and operations of research libraries since the early implementation of computerized cataloging systems. Blockchain technology provides research libraries with the opportunity to decentralize services, while also maintaining and strengthening digital rights management. Research libraries will be able locate services that can be decentralized to provide patrons with a more effective and efficient service. The blockchain technology has the potential to expand library collections through distributed verifiable sovereign identity, which would allow patrons to securely access information from multiple libraries while maintaining their privacy. Libraries will be able to evaluate services and programs to determine best uses for blockchain technology.

Introduction We investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) and maternal age on the risk of late-term induction, prolonged induction time and caesarean section (CS) after induction. Material and Methods This is a retrospective, observational study. All women without any fetal or maternal pathological condition, uterine scars or any other indication for an elective caesarean birth and had a singleton foetus in the cephalic position at term were included. Results A total of 4006 women had a spontaneous onset of labour and 612 were induced for a late-term pregnancy. Labour induction was significantly more common in overweight (Adj Odds Ratio (OR) 1.48 95%CI 1.22–1.78) and obese (Adj OR 1.63 95%CI 1.24–2.14) women. Among induced women, a BMI ≥ 30 was a risk factor for a prolonged induction time in both nulliparous (AdjOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.02–5.67) and multiparous women (AdjOR 4.24, 95%CI 1.02–17.6). A BMI > 25–29.9 was significantly associated with a prolonged induction time only in nulliparous women (AdjOR 1.86 95%CI 1.05–3.30). A CS was more frequent in overweight (AdjOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.052.89) and obese women (AdjOR 2.72, 95%CI 1.42–5.25). Nulliparous women ageed 30–34 years had an induction time longer than women Conclusions The results of this study suggest that a BMI > 25 kg/m2 at term of pregnancy is a risk factor for the induction of labour during a late-term pregnancy, a prolonged induction time and higher caesarean section rate.

By Anthony Paganelli and Dr. Andrea Paganelli, Western Kentucky UniversityWith the extensive usage of technology in higher education, librarians are continuously seeking advantages in providing lib...

Objective To explore maternal cardiac deceleration capacity (DC), a marker of autonomic function derived from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals, in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) associated to IUGR (HDP-IUGR) or to appropriate for gestational age fetal growth (HDP-AGAf). Methods Prospective single center case-control study conducted at Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan. Maternal ECGs were analyzed by Phase Rectified Signal Averaging (PRSA) method to obtain cardiac DC in women with: HDP-IUGR, HDP-AGAf, severe-IUGR, mild-IUGR and uncomplicated pregnancies. IUGR was defined as abdominal circumference 2 standard deviations. Non-parametric tests were adopted. Results 269 women were recruited. Women with HDP-IUGR (n = 35) showed significantly higher cardiac DC compared both to controls (n = 141) (p = 0.003) and women with HDP-AGAf (n = 18) (p = 0.01). Women with severe-IUGR (n = 14) showed significantly higher DC than controls (p = 0.01). Women with mild-IUGR (n = 61) as well as women with HDP-AGAf showed no differences in DC compared to controls (both p = 0.3). Conclusions Women with pregnancy complicated by severe placental failure, such as HDP-IUGR and severe IUGR, show significant autonomic alterations, as indicated by elevated cardiac DC. On the contrary, pregnancy complications such as HDP-AGAf and mild IUGR show no impact on maternal autonomic balance. We present a new approach to explore maternal autonomic cardiovascular regulation that might reflect the severity of placental vascular insufficiency.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25 mcg sublingual misoprostol for induction of Labor at term according to parity and membrane integrity.We conducted a prospective observational study on singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of Labor at term. Twenty-five mcg of misoprostol were administered sublingually every 4 h. Main outcomes were vaginal deliveries within 24 h, time-to-vaginal-delivery, hyper-stimulation syndrome, cesarean section rate, arterial pH 7.0 and NICU admission rate.We studied 508 patients, 375 nulliparous and 133 multiparous women. Sixty-five percent and 78%, respectively, delivered vaginally within 24 h from first administration. Median time-to-vaginal-delivery was significantly shorter in PROM than in women with intact membranes (p 0.001). Epidural analgesia prolonged time-to-vaginal-delivery among nulliparous women (p 0.0005). A positive correlation between BMI and time to delivery was observed in both nulliparous and multiparous women (p 0.05). Cesarean section rate was 22% in nulliparous and 6% in multiparous group. Induction failure was 1.4% and uterine hyper-stimulation 1%. No pH≤ 7.00 was recorded; overall 7 (1.4%) newborns were admitted to NICU.Sublingually administered misoprostol is an effective and safe method for induction of Labor at term. Parity, status of membranes and BMI significantly affect time to delivery.

This study explored the use of makerspaces as a professional development activity when examined through the analysis of qualitative data reflecting participant experience. The data were gathered in the course of a professional development opportunity at a university during a conference held on campus. The researchers wanted to select an innovative form of professional development for implementation within a traditional conference format. Both to match innovation and to accommodate a traditional time frame (one hour), the concept of makerspace was chosen. Multiple makerspace sessions were developed as professional development opportunities. The participant, practicing teachers would be experiencing the makerspace as if they were students. The research team wanted to explore the experiences and perceptions of the participants from multiple perspectives, including those who participated as learners and those who participated as facilitators, or leaders as termed in this article. A phenomenological approach w...

Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze how the progression of cervical dilatation in active labor can be predicted by digital assessment in low-risk pregnant women, in spontaneous labor at term. Material and methods This prospective observational study was performed on 328 women with singleton term gestations experiencing midwife-led labor according to local protocols, progressing to full dilatation and spontaneous delivery without any medical intervention. Mixed nonlinear models were adopted to (i) model individual cervical data into centile curves and (ii) calculate the time needed to gain 1 cm in cervical dilatation (TNG1cm) modeled as a function of current dilatation. We correlated the first and the last TNG1cm on parturients with at least four cervical data points. Results TNG1cm showed large variations, both before and after 6 cm. This variability of natural progression of cervical curves described by the 10th and 90th centiles exceeded the differences observed in published curves from cohorts homogeneous for parity, weight and ethnicity. There was no significant correlation between the first and the last TNG1cm. Neonatal base excess was not significantly different in women with TNG1cm 90th centile. Conclusions The rate of cervical dilatation, traced by parsimonious nonlinear mixed models, is largely unpredictable in the case of spontaneous naturally progressing labor, even when possible larger individual variability is excluded by prudent clinical rules. Future research in labor and delivery should be focused on the diagnosis of the causes that lie behind apparently erratic cervical changes.

The goal of this study was to examine the collections of eBooks in Spanish provided by vendors of library resources to school libraries to determine if there are equitable offerings of eBooks in Spanish relative to the Spanish-speaking school population in the United States. The results of the study indicated that the top vendors do provide eBooks in Spanish, but the titles comprised a small percentage of their total collections and do not mirror national demographics.

INTRODUCTIONIn the workplace, change is inevitable. There will be personnel changes, reorganisations and changes made in response to technological or societal changes. In essence, workplace change is part of life. As the saying goes, "change happens."Libraries as physical and organisational institutions have undergone many changes as technology, society's needs, and the format of library materials have changed. New libraries are built with more programming space and less space for print materials; technology staffing is increased, while subject librarian staffing decreases. According to Scott, Griffith, Wickett, Hine and Hopman (2011) "libraries are fundamentally reinventing themselves in order to remain a valued partner in achieving the missions of their institutions" (p. 396).School libraries have also experienced dramatic changes over the past two decades, as the card catalog has given way to integrated library systems, and the learning commons concept has changed the concept of school libraries from warehouses to collaborative community spaces. According to Killeen (2010) school librarians are leaders of change in technology and teaching, but sometimes they are handed change that cause them stress and anxiety.While all of us know that changes in our physical and organisational work life are part of being a member of a changing and growing institution, it doesn't make the actual process of changing easier. This is true significantly in the education profession, of which school librarians are members. Schools are constantly undergoing changes mandated by national, federal, state or district regulations, budgetary constraints, changes in technology, curriculum standards and teaching methods. According to Abrahamson (2004), the constant changes educational professionals experience year after year leads to what is referred to as "repetitive change syndrome" that often causes teacher burnout and disengagement in reform efforts. According to Hargreaves (2004, 2005), change is always accompanied by emotion-whether it is a negative or positive one. Because most educators are passionate about their profession and have personal investment in the way they work with students, it is very rare that teachers are apathetic about changes taking place around them (Nias, 1996). This is also true for library professionals, who according to Scott et al. (2011) rarely register no emotional response to change.There is a prevalent concern among school librarians regarding changes in the library, as loss of space, staff and budget reductions are reported on international, national and state electronic discussion lists. National reports of the diminishing status of school libraries in the United States and in other countries also cause concern among school librarians (O'Connell, 2014). In a climate of change and reform, understanding how educators respond to change is essential for changes to be successful (Hargreaves, 2005). In order to help school librarians be the change agents they are expected to be, it is important to know the types of changes they are experiencing and what emotional responses accompany these change events.In studies of change in education, emotional responses have often been considered to be a by-product of change and not a focus of study. However, attitudes toward change have been found to be strong predictors in the success of the change effort (Hargreaves, 2005). In recent years, researchers have begun to study the emotional response to change in the context of the types of changes that are occurring and the manner in which the changes are being made. Although there is a body of research on how teachers respond to change related to educational reform (Kelchtermans, 2005), there are currently no studies on school librarians' emotional responses to change. This disparity in research-coupled with the pace of changes occurring in schools and school libraries today-prompted these two researchers to begin to examine this area of study more closely. …

In this case, we describe a newborn with prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), successfully managed with a cesarean section with delayed cord clamping 180 seconds. In case of prenatal diagnosis of CHAOS, prompt airway intervention at delivery allows survival of this otherwise fatal condition. Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is considered the elective procedure to secure the fetal airway before the baby is completely separated from the maternal circulation. In cases where the EXIT procedure is not possible for maternal reasons (Ballantyne's syndrome), delayed cord clamping may serve as an alternative method to manage CHAOS.

To analyze maternal and neonatal outcomes of midwife-led labor in low-risk women at term.Prospective observational cohort of 1788 singleton low-risk pregnancies in spontaneous term labor, managed according to a specific midwife-led labor protocol. Primary outcomes were mode of delivery, episiotomy, 3rd-4th degree lacerations, post-partum hemorrhage (PPH), need for blood transfusions, pH and Apgar score and NICU admissions.A total 1754 low-risk women (50.3% of all deliveries) were included in the analysis. Epidural analgesia was performed in 29.8% of cases. The rate of cesarean section was 3.7%. Episiotomy was performed in 17.6% of women. PPH 1000 ml occurred in 1.7% of cases. 3.2% and 0.3% of the cases had an Apgar score7 and pH 7.10, respectively, while 0.3% of the newborns were admitted to NICU. Consultant-led labor was required for emerging risk factors during 1st and 2nd stage of labor in 16.1 and 8.6% of cases, respectively. Although maternal outcome were worse in women with emerging risk factors in labor, while neonatal outcomes were not affected by the presence these complications.In hospital settings, midwife-led labor in low-risk women might unfold its major advantages without additional risks of medicalization for the mother and the neonate.

Torsion of a gravid uterus is a rare obstetric emergency potentially lethal for the fetus and the mother. Some of the cases described in literature are associated with preexisting gynecologic conditions related to pelvic and uterine anatomy, even if most of cases remain unexplained. We report a case of acute 180-degree torsion of uterus at 33 weeks of gestation associated with abruptio placentae in a young Asian woman without apparent risk factors.

Objective: To explore maternal cardiac deceleration capacity (DC), a marker of autonomic function derived from heart rate variability analysis, in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine gr...