1. TNF-α and antibodies to periodontal bacteria discriminate between Alzheimer’s disease patients and normal subjects
- Author
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Ronald G. Craig, Mony J. de Leon, Angela R. Kamer, Robert G. Norman, Robert J. Boylan, Andrea Nehorayoff, Lidia Glodzik, Ananda P. Dasanayake, Elizabeth Pirraglia, and Miroslaw Brys
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Periodontium ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Comorbidity ,Article ,Antibodies ,Pathogenesis ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Immune system ,Alzheimer Disease ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Periodontitis ,Aged ,biology ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pathophysiology ,Up-Regulation ,Causality ,Neurology ,biology.protein ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.symptom ,Antibody ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in AD compared to normal controls (NL) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of AD. Plasma TNF-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in AD patients compared with NL and independently associated with AD. The number of positive IgG to periodontal bacteria incremented the TNF-alpha classification of clinical AD and NL. This study shows that TNF-alpha and elevated numbers of antibodies against periodontal bacteria associate with AD and contribute to the AD diagnosis.
- Published
- 2009