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1. The Cryogenic Anticoincidence Detector for the NewAthena X-IFU Instrument: A Program Overview

Author

Claudio Macculi, Andrea Argan, Matteo D’Andrea, Simone Lotti, Gabriele Minervini, Luigi Piro, Lorenzo Ferrari Barusso, Corrado Boragno, Edvige Celasco, Giovanni Gallucci, Flavio Gatti, Daniele Grosso, Manuela Rigano, Fabio Chiarello, Guido Torrioli, Mauro Fiorini, Michela Uslenghi, Daniele Brienza, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Simonetta Puccetti, Angela Volpe, and Paolo Bastia

Subjects
Athena, X-IFU, CryoAC, TES, cryogenic detectors, particle background, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Athena (advanced telescope for high-energy astrophysics) is an ESA large-class mission, at present under a re-definition “design-to-cost” phase, planned for a prospective launch at L1 orbit in the second half of the 2030s. It will be an observatory alternatively focusing on two complementary instruments: the X-IFU (X-ray Integral Field Unit), a TES (TransitionEdge Sensor)-based kilo-pixel array which is able to perform simultaneous high-grade energy spectroscopy (~3 eV@7 keV) and imaging over 4′ FoV (field of view), and the WFI (Wide Field Imager), which has good energy spectral resolution (~170 eV@7 keV) and imaging on wide 40′ × 40′ FoV. Athena will be a truly transformational observatory, operating in conjunction with other large observatories across the electromagnetic spectrum available in the 2030s like ALMA, ELT, JWST, SKA, CTA, etc., and in multi-messenger synergies with facilities like LIGO A+, Advanced Virgo+, LISA, IceCube and KM3NeT. The Italian team is involved in both instruments. It has the co-PIship of the cryogenic instrument for which it has to deliver the TES-based Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC) necessary to guarantee the X-IFU sensitivity, degraded by a primary particle background of both solar and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) origins, and by secondary electrons produced by primaries interacting with the materials surrounding the main detector. The outcome of Geant4 studies shows the necessity for adopting both active and passive techniques to guarantee the residual particle background at 5 × 10−3 cts cm−2 s−1 keV−1 level in 2–10 keV scientific bandwidth. The CryoAC is a four-pixel detector made of Si-suspended absorbers sensed by Ir/Au TESes placed at

Published
2023
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2. AGILE Gamma-Ray Detection of the Exceptional GRB 221009A

Author

Marco Tavani, Giovanni Piano, Andrea Bulgarelli, Luca Foffano, Alessandro Ursi, Francesco Verrecchia, Carlotta Pittori, Claudio Casentini, Andrea Giuliani, Francesco Longo, Gabriele Panebianco, Ambra Di Piano, Leonardo Baroncelli, Valentina Fioretti, Nicolò Parmiggiani, Andrea Argan, Alessio Trois, Stefano Vercellone, Martina Cardillo, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Guido Barbiellini, Patrizia Caraveo, Paolo W. Cattaneo, Andrew W. Chen, Enrico Costa, Ettore Del Monte, Guido Di Cocco, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Fulvio Gianotti, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Lazzarotto, Paolo Lipari, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Martino Marisaldi, Sandro Mereghetti, Aldo Morselli, Luigi Pacciani, Alberto Pellizzoni, Francesco Perotti, Piergiorgio Picozza, Maura Pilia, Massimo Rapisarda, Andrea Rappoldi, Alda Rubini, Paolo Soffitta, Massimo Trifoglio, Valerio Vittorini, and Fabio D’Amico

Subjects
Gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray observatories, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Gamma-ray emission in the MeV–GeV range from explosive cosmic events is of invaluable relevance to understanding physical processes related to the formation of neutron stars and black holes. Here we report on the detection by the AGILE satellite in the MeV–GeV energy range of the remarkable long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A. The AGILE onboard detectors have good exposure to GRB 221009A during its initial crucial phases. Hard X-ray/MeV emission in the prompt phase lasted hundreds of seconds, with the brightest radiation being emitted between 200 and 300 s after the initial trigger. Very intense GeV gamma-ray emission is detected by AGILE in the prompt and early afterglow phase up to 10,000 s. Time-resolved spectral analysis shows time-variable MeV-peaked emission simultaneous with intense power-law GeV radiation that persists in the afterglow phase. The coexistence during the prompt phase of very intense MeV emission together with highly nonthermal and hardening GeV radiation is a remarkable feature of GRB 221009A. During the prompt phase, the event shows spectrally different MeV and GeV emissions that are most likely generated by physical mechanisms occurring in different locations. AGILE observations provide crucial flux and spectral gamma-ray information regarding the early phases of GRB 221009A during which emission in the TeV range was reported.

Published
2023
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3. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author

Didier Barret, Vincent Albouys, Jan-Willem den Herder, Luigi Piro, Massimo Cappi, Juhani Huovelin, Richard Kelley, J. Miguel Mas-Hesse, Stéphane Paltani, Gregor Rauw, Agata Rozanska, Jiri Svoboda, Joern Wilms, Noriko Yamasaki, Marc Audard, Simon Bandler, Marco Barbera, Xavier Barcons, Enrico Bozzo, Maria Teresa Ceballos, Ivan Charles, Elisa Costantini, Thomas Dauser, Anne Decourchelle, Lionel Duband, Jean-Marc Duval, Fabrizio Fiore, Flavio Gatti, Andrea Goldwurm, Roland den Hartog, Brian Jackson, Peter Jonker, Caroline Kilbourne, Seppo Korpela, Claudio Macculi, Mariano Mendez, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Silvano Molendi, François Pajot, Etienne Pointecouteau, Frederick Porter, Gabriel W. Pratt, Damien Prêle, Laurent Ravera, Kosuke Sato, Joop Schaye, Keisuke Shinozaki, Konrad Skup, Jan Soucek, Tanguy Thibert, Jacco Vink, Natalie Webb, Laurence Chaoul, Desi Raulin, Aurora Simionescu, Jose Miguel Torrejon, Fabio Acero, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Stefano Ettori, Alexis Finoguenov, Nicolas Grosso, Jelle Kaastra, Pasquale Mazzotta, Jon Miller, Giovanni Miniutti, Fabrizio Nicastro, Salvatore Sciortino, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Sophie Beaumont, Edoardo Cucchetti, Matteo D’Andrea, Megan Eckart, Philippe Ferrando, Elias Kammoun, Simone Lotti, Jean-Michel Mesnager, Lorenzo Natalucci, Philippe Peille, Jelle de Plaa, Florence Ardellier, Andrea Argan, Elise Bellouard, Jérôme Carron, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Mauro Fiorini, Pourya Khosropanah, Sylvain Martin, James Perry, Frederic Pinsard, Alice Pradines, Manuela Rigano, Peter Roelfsema, Denis Schwander, Guido Torrioli, Joel Ullom, Isabel Vera, Eduardo Medinaceli Villegas, Monika Zuchniak, Frank Brachet, Ugo Lo Cicero, William Doriese, Malcom Durkin, Valentina Fioretti, Hervé Geoffray, Lionel Jacques, Christian Kirsch, Stephen Smith, Joseph Adams, Emilie Gloaguen, Ruud Hoogeveen, Paul van der Hulst, Mikko Kiviranta, Jan van der Kuur, Aurélien Ledot, Bert-Joost van Leeuwen, Dennis van Loon, Bertrand Lyautey, Yann Parot, Kazuhiro Sakai, Henk van Weers, Shariefa Abdoelkariem, Thomas Adam, Christophe Adami, Corinne Aicardi, Hiroki Akamatsu, Pablo Eleazar Merino Alonso, Roberta Amato, Jérôme André, Matteo Angelinelli, Manuel Anon-Cancela, Shebli Anvar, Ricardo Atienza, Anthony Attard, Natalia Auricchio, Ana Balado, Florian Bancel, Lorenzo Ferrari Barusso, Arturo Bascuñan, Vivian Bernard, Alicia Berrocal, Sylvie Blin, Donata Bonino, François Bonnet, Patrick Bonny, Peter Boorman, Charles Boreux, Ayoub Bounab, Martin Boutelier, Kevin Boyce, Daniele Brienza, Marcel Bruijn, Andrea Bulgarelli, Simona Calarco, Paul Callanan, Alberto Prada Campello, Thierry Camus, Florent Canourgues, Vito Capobianco, Nicolas Cardiel, Florent Castellani, Oscar Cheatom, James Chervenak, Fabio Chiarello, Laurent Clerc, Nicolas Clerc, Beatriz Cobo, Odile Coeur-Joly, Alexis Coleiro, Stéphane Colonges, Leonardo Corcione, Mickael Coriat, Alexandre Coynel, Francesco Cuttaia, Antonino D’Ai, Fabio D’anca, Mauro Dadina, Christophe Daniel, Lea Dauner, Natalie DeNigris, Johannes Dercksen, Michael DiPirro, Eric Doumayrou, Luc Dubbeldam, Michel Dupieux, Simon Dupourqué, Jean Louis Durand, Dominique Eckert, Valvanera Eiriz, Eric Ercolani, Christophe Etcheverry, Fred Finkbeiner, Mariateresa Fiocchi, Hervé Fossecave, Philippe Franssen, Martin Frericks, Stefano Gabici, Florent Gant, Jian-Rong Gao, Fabio Gastaldello, Ludovic Genolet, Simona Ghizzardi, Ma Angeles Alcacera Gil, Elisa Giovannini, Olivier Godet, Javier Gomez-Elvira, Raoul Gonzalez, Manuel Gonzalez, Luciano Gottardi, Dolorès Granat, Michel Gros, Nicolas Guignard, Paul Hieltjes, Adolfo Jesús Hurtado, Kent Irwin, Christian Jacquey, Agnieszka Janiuk, Jean Jaubert, Maria Jiménez, Antoine Jolly, Thierry Jourdan, Sabine Julien, Bartosz Kedziora, Andrew Korb, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Ole König, Mathieu Langer, Philippe Laudet, Philippe Laurent, Monica Laurenza, Jean Lesrel, Sebastiano Ligori, Maximilian Lorenz, Alfredo Luminari, Bruno Maffei, Océane Maisonnave, Lorenzo Marelli, Didier Massonet, Irwin Maussang, Alejandro Gonzalo Melchor, Isabelle Le Mer, Francisco Javier San Millan, Jean-Pierre Millerioux, Teresa Mineo, Gabriele Minervini, Alexeï Molin, David Monestes, Nicola Montinaro, Baptiste Mot, David Murat, Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Yaël Nazé, Loïc Noguès, Damien Pailot, Francesca Panessa, Luigi Parodi, Pascal Petit, Enrico Piconcelli, Ciro Pinto, Jose Miguel Encinas Plaza, Borja Plaza, David Poyatos, Thomas Prouvé, Andy Ptak, Simonetta Puccetti, Elena Puccio, Pascale Ramon, Manuel Reina, Guillaume Rioland, Louis Rodriguez, Anton Roig, Bertrand Rollet, Mauro Roncarelli, Gilles Roudil, Tomasz Rudnicki, Julien Sanisidro, Luisa Sciortino, Vitor Silva, Michael Sordet, Javier Soto-Aguilar, Pierre Spizzi, Christian Surace, Miguel Fernández Sánchez, Emanuele Taralli, Guilhem Terrasa, Régis Terrier, Michela Todaro, Pietro Ubertini, Michela Uslenghi, Jan Geralt Bij de Vaate, Davide Vaccaro, Salvatore Varisco, Peggy Varnière, Laurent Vibert, María Vidriales, Fabrizio Villa, Boris Martin Vodopivec, Angela Volpe, Cor de Vries, Nicholas Wakeham, Gavin Walmsley, Michael Wise, Martin de Wit, Grzegorz Woźniak, Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Svoboda, Jiri, Wilms, Joern, Yamasaki, Noriko, Audard, Marc, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Dauser, Thoma, Decourchelle, Anne, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Hartog, Roland den, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, Françoi, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Chaoul, Laurence, Raulin, Desi, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Acero, Fabio, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexi, Grosso, Nicola, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Beaumont, Sophie, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elia, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Peille, Philippe, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Martin, Sylvain, Perry, Jame, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Deni, Torrioli, Guido, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Villegas, Eduardo Medinaceli, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Doriese, William, Durkin, Malcom, Fioretti, Valentina, Geoffray, Hervé, Jacques, Lionel, Kirsch, Christian, Smith, Stephen, Adams, Joseph, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hoogeveen, Ruud, van der Hulst, Paul, Kiviranta, Mikko, van der Kuur, Jan, Ledot, Aurélien, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Loon, Denni, Lyautey, Bertrand, Parot, Yann, Sakai, Kazuhiro, van Weers, Henk, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thoma, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Alonso, Pablo Eleazar Merino, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Bascuñan, Arturo, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Bonnet, Françoi, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Boreux, Charle, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bruijn, Marcel, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Callanan, Paul, Campello, Alberto Prada, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicola, Castellani, Florent, Cheatom, Oscar, Chervenak, Jame, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicola, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexi, Colonges, Stéphane, Corcione, Leonardo, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Dercksen, Johanne, DiPirro, Michael, Doumayrou, Eric, Dubbeldam, Luc, Dupieux, Michel, Dupourqué, Simon, Durand, Jean Loui, Eckert, Dominique, Eiriz, Valvanera, Ercolani, Eric, Etcheverry, Christophe, Finkbeiner, Fred, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Fossecave, Hervé, Franssen, Philippe, Frericks, Martin, Gabici, Stefano, Gant, Florent, Gao, Jian-Rong, Gastaldello, Fabio, Genolet, Ludovic, Ghizzardi, Simona, Gil, Ma Angeles Alcacera, Giovannini, Elisa, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Granat, Dolorè, Gros, Michel, Guignard, Nicola, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesú, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Laurent, Philippe, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Massonet, Didier, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Millan, Francisco Javier San, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Panessa, Francesca, Parodi, Luigi, Petit, Pascal, Piconcelli, Enrico, Pinto, Ciro, Plaza, Jose Miguel Encina, Plaza, Borja, Poyatos, David, Prouvé, Thoma, Ptak, Andy, Puccetti, Simonetta, Puccio, Elena, Ramon, Pascale, Reina, Manuel, Rioland, Guillaume, Rodriguez, Loui, Roig, Anton, Rollet, Bertrand, Roncarelli, Mauro, Roudil, Gille, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Surace, Christian, Sánchez, Miguel Fernández, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régi, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, de Vaate, Jan Geralt Bij, Vaccaro, Davide, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, de Vries, Cor, Wakeham, Nichola, Walmsley, Gavin, Wise, Michael, de Wit, Martin, Woźniak, Grzegorz, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Astronomía y Astrofísica, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Centrum Astronomiczne im. M. Kopernika, Warszawa (CAMK), Faculty of Civil Engineering [Prague] (FSV CTU), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAL), Columbia University [New York], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
X-IFU: The X-ray Integral Field Unit, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), The X-ray Integral Field Unit [X-IFU], Solar and stellar astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, X-rays, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics of Galaxies, Athena: the advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysical phenomena, Space instrumentation, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High energy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], the advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics [Athena], Athena: the advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics · X-IFU: The X-ray Integral Field Unit · Space instrumentation · X-rays · Observatory, Observatory, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editing

Published
2023
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4. The digital data processing concepts of the large area detector and the wide field monitor onboard eXTP

Author

Hao Xiong, Andrea Argan, David Baudin, Jörg Bayer, Florent Bouyjou, Nicolas De Angelis, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Yannick Favre, Marco Feroci, José-Luis Galvez, Olivier Gevin, Paul Hedderman, Margarita Hernanz, Merlin R. Kole, Aline Meuris, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Andrea Santangelo, Chris Tenzer, Alessio Trois, Xianqi Wang, and Gianluigi Zampa

Published
2022
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6. The Large Area Detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Marco Feroci, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Matias Antonelli, Andrea Argan, Viktor Babinec, Marco Barbera, Jörg Bayer, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Xingzi Bi, Mirko Boezio, Walter Bonvicini, Giacomo Borghi, Enrico Bozzo, David Baudin, Florent Bouyjou, Daniele Brienza, Franck Cadoux, Riccardo Campana, Jiewei Cao, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Wen Chen, Daniela Cirrincione, Nicolas De Angelis, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Roman Dohnal, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Qingmei Fan, Yannick Favre, Emanuele Fiandrini, Francesco Ficorella, Fabio Fuschino, Na Gao, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, Manuel Guedel, Xingbo Han, Huilin He, Paul Hedderman, jan-willem den herder, Richard Hynek, Bing Hong, Ge Jin, Merlin Kole, Vladimír Karas, Martin Komarek, Claudio Labanti, Loghui Li, Tianming Li, Hong Liang, Olivier Limousin, Rui Liu, Ugo Lo Cicero, Jens Lohering, Giovanni Lombardi, Fang-Jun Lu, Tao Luo, Piero Malcovati, Hanqi Mao, Andrea Marinucci, Filippo Mele, Vasco Mendes, Martin Merkl, Aline Meuris, Małgorzata Michalska, Alfredo Morbidini, Gianluca Morgante, Fabio Muleri, Riccardo Munini, Lorenzo Mussolin, Barbara Negri, Petr Novak, Witold Nowosielski, Alessio Nuti, Piotr Orleanski, Roland Ottensamer, Luigi Pacciani, Stephane Paltani, Teng Pan, Giancarlo Pepponi, Emanuele Perinati, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Samuel Pliego, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaia, Andrea Santangelo, Roberto Serafinelli, Stéphane Schanne, Konrad Skup, Libor Sveda, Jiri Svoboda, Christopher Tenzer, Michela Todaro, Gabreil Torok, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Hao Xiong, Jian Wang, Xianqi Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrei Zdziarski, Long Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yupeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Antonelli, Matia, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Jörg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Walter, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicola, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den herder, jan-willem, Hynek, Richard, Hong, Bing, Jin, Ge, Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimír, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, Li, Loghui, Li, Tianming, Liang, Hong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Rui, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lohering, Jen, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Mao, Hanqi, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Małgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novak, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Serafinelli, Roberto, Schanne, Stéphane, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Christopher, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabreil, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrei, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, EXTP, LAD, Silicon Drift Detector, X-ray timing
Abstract

The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance.

Published
2022

7. The wide field monitor onboard the eXTP mission

Author

Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rachevski, Niels Lund, Carl Budtz-Jorgensen, Ettore Del Monte, Andrea Argan, F. Ambrosino, Tianxiang Cheng, Shu Zhang, Fanjung Lu, Frans Zwart, Chris Tenzer, José Luis Gálvez, Yuri Evangelista, Enrico Bozzo, Yupeng Xu, Aline Meris, Olivier Limousin, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Ficorella, Giacomo Borghi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Nicola Zampa, Gianluigi Zampa, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Carlos Mansanet, Poul Erik Olsen, Shuangnan Zhang, Jean in't Zand, Xin Wu, Stéphane Schanne, Andrea Santangelo, Piotr Orleański, Marco Feroci, Margarita Hernanz, Søren K. Brandt, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and eXTP

Subjects
Computer science, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, Field of view, Context (language use), coded mask imaging, compact objects, eXTP, gamma-ray bursts, LOFT, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, Suite, Detector, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The WFM instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The eXTP/WFM envisages a wide field X-ray monitor system in the 2-50 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors. The WFM will consist of 3 pairs of coded mask cameras with a total combined Field of View (FoV) of 90x180 degrees at zero response and a source localization accuracy of ~1 arcmin. In this paper we provide an overview of the WFM instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration, and anticipated performance., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, to appear in proceedings of SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Published
2018
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8. Observation of successive TGFs produced by the same thunderstorm systems throughout their lifetime

Author

Alessandro Ursi (1, Martino Marisaldi (3, Marco Tavani (1, Andrea Argan (5), Stefano Dietrich (5), Daniele Casella (5), and Paolo Sanò (5)

Subjects
AGILE, TGF, thunderstorm systems lifetime
Abstract

Since their discovery in early 1990s, Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) exhibited a clear correlation with thun- derstorm activity. The elusive nature of these events and the strong absorption of gamma-rays in the lowest layers of the atmosphere dramatically limits our observation of this phenomenon: the few missions currently detecting TGFs are probably revealing just the tip of the iceberg of a much wider population. Theoretical models, radar measurements and cross-correlations with radio waves emitted by lightning strokes suggest every storm could, in principle, produce a large number of gamma flashes throughout its entire lifetime: however, observation of more TGFs from the same thunderstorm system, even after several hours, is difficult to perform, because successive passes on the same latitude region by high-inclination orbit satellites are shifted westward by ~25o. In this perspective, the AGILE mission has a privileged role, thanks to its unique quasi equatorial (2.5o inclination) orbit, that allows for the follow-up of the same geographic region on the equator at each orbital passage. In more than 8 years activity, we identify tens of cases of more TGFs coming from the same thunderstorm system, either during the same passage, or in the successive passages. We take advantage of data acquired by meteorological satellites to characterize the meteorological scenario associated to these events.

Published
2016

9. On the highest photon energy of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes

Author

Martino Marisaldi (1, Fabio Fuschino (1), Marco Tavani (3), Stefano Dietrich (4), Colin Price (5), Andrea Argan (3), Claudio Labanti (1), Marcello Galli (6), Francesco Longo (7), Ettore Del Monte (3), Guido Barbiellini (7), Andrea Giuliani (8), Andrea Bulgarelli (1), Fulvio Gianotti (1), Massimo Trifoglio (1), Alessio Trois (9), Carlotta Pittori (10), Francesco Verrecchia (10), and Paolo Giommi (10)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

TGFs are known to include photons of energy up to several tens of MeV. Results by the AGILE satellite have shown that the cumulative spectrum of TGFs is significantly above background up to about 100 MeV and that the spectral shape deviates from a cutoff power law at high energy suggesting a production mechanism different from canonical Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche (RREA). Subsequent analysis of AGILE data have shown that about 15% of TGFs exhibit photon energies above 30 MeV and that these events have different properties than lower energy TGFs. From the theoretical point of view, it has been shown that a production model based on electron acceleration in strong electric fields at lightning leader tips may account for the high energies observed by AGILE. In this presentation we report on the detection of high-energy photons in TGFs for five years of AGILE observation. Possible sources of error such as energy calibration, background and cosmic rays contamination are discussed as well.

Published
2014

10. The first AGILE low-energy ( < 30 MeV) Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes catalog

Author

Martino Marisaldi (1, Fabio Fuschino (1), Carlotta Pittori (3), Francesco Verrecchia (3), Paolo Giommi (3), Marco Tavani (4), Stefano Dietrich (5), Colin Price (6), Andrea Argan (4), Claudio Labanti (1), Marcello Galli (7), Francesco Longo (8), Ettore Del Monte (4), Guido Barbiellini (8), Andrea Giuliani (9), Andrea Bulgarelli (1), Fulvio Gianotti (1), Massimo Trifoglio (1), and Alessio Trois (10)

Abstract

We present the first catalog of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) detected by the Minicalorimeter (MCAL) instrument on-board the AGILE satellite. The catalog includes 308 TGFs detected during the period March 2009 - July 2012 in the +/- 2.5 latitude band and selected to have the maximum photon energy up to 30 MeV. The char- acteristics of the AGILE events are analysed and compared to the observational framework established by the two other currently active missions capable of detecting TGFs from space, RHESSI and Fermi. A detailed model of the MCAL dead time is presented, which is fundamental to properly interpret our observations, particularly concerning duration, intensity and correlation with lightning sferics detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The TGFs cumulative spectrum supports a low production altitude, in agreement with previous measurements. The AGILE TGF catalog below 30 MeV is publicly accessible online at the website of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC) http://www.asdc.asi.it/mcaltgfcat/ In addition to the TGF sample properties we also present the catalog website functionalities available to users.

Published
2014

11. 'The New Hard X-ray Mission'

Author

Giovanni Pareschi, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Andrea Argan, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Osvaldo Catalano, Enrico Costa, Giancarlo Cusumano, Fabrizio Fiore, Carlo Fiorini, Giuseppe Malaguti, Giorgio Matt, Sandro Mereghetti, Giuseppina Micela, Giuseppe Cesare Perola, Gabriele Villa, A. Comastri, L. Angelini, and M. Cappi

Subjects
Physics, sezele, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Accretion (astrophysics), Gravitation, Particle acceleration, Gravitational field, Orbit (dynamics), Radiative transfer, Focal length
Abstract

The Italian New Hard X‐ray Mission (NHXM) is an evolution of the HEXIT‐Sat concept, extending up to 80 keV the fine imaging capability today available only at E

Published
2010

12. GAMMA-RAY ASTROPHYSICS WITH AGILE

Author

Andrea Giuliani, Carlotta Pittori, Patrizia Caraveo, Andrea Bulgarelli, Claudio Labanti, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Soffitta, Andrea Argan, SANDRO MEREGHETTI, Immacolata Donnarumma, Mauro Fiorini, Francesco Lazzarotto, Stefano Vercellone, and Alberto Paolo Pellizzoni

Published
2007
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13. THE AGILE GAMMA-RAY MISSION AND GAMMA-RAY BURST STUDIES

Author

FRANCESCO LONGO, MARCO TAVANI, ANDREA ARGAN, PATRIZIA CARAVEO, ANDREW CHEN, MAURO FIORINI, ANDREA GIULIANI, SANDRO MEREGHETTI, FRANCESCO PEROTTI, STEFANO VERCELLONE, GUIDO BARBIELLINI, GIULIO FEDEL, CRISTIAN PONTONI, MICHELA PREST, ERIK VALLAZZA, ENRICO COSTA, MARCO FEROCI, IGOR LAPSHOV, MASSIMO RAPISARDA, ALDA RUBINI, PAOLO SOFFITTA, VERONICA COCCO, ALDO MORSELLI, PIERGIORGIO PICOZZA, CARLOTTA PITTORI, NATALIA AURICCHIO, GUIDO DI COCCO, MARCELLO GALLI, CLAUDIO LABANTI, ENNIO MORELLI, ELIO ROSSI, MASSIMO TRIFOGLIO, PAOLO LIPARI, and DINO ZANELLO

Subjects
Physics, Grossman, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst
Published
2002
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14. Science with AGILE

Author

Andrea Giuliani, Natalia Auricchio, Carlotta Pittori, Patrizia Caraveo, Claudio Labanti, Paolo Soffitta, Andrea Argan, SANDRO MEREGHETTI, Mauro Fiorini, Aldo Morselli, Stefano Vercellone, and Alberto Paolo Pellizzoni

Published
2001
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15. Exploración sobre la inserción laboral de los intérpretes en el mercado peruano

Author

Andrea Argandoña Jara, Zoila Ximena Martínez Morales, and Dayana Camil Silupu Larronda

Subjects
inserción laboral Perú, interpretación, mercado laboral, habilidades de inserción, Translating and interpreting, P306-310
Abstract

El contexto político de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), especialmente durante la recta final, se caracterizó por la necesidad de relaciones diplomáticas entre los países involucrados. Fue así que a partir de los juicios de Núremberg, la interpretación como actividad profesional empezó a emerger con fuerza. Desde entonces, el desarrollo de esta industria ha florecido de manera diferente alrededor del mundo. En el Perú, aún no se tiene información suficiente sobre esta actividad profesional per se. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar el proceso de inserción laboral de los intérpretes con formación universitaria en el mercado peruano. Los investigadores realizaron dieciocho entrevistas en donde se exploran los testimonios del ingreso al mundo laboral de intérpretes egresados de dos universidades: la Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP) y la Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón (UNIFE). El estudio demostró que una inserción laboral exitosa en el mercado de la interpretación se consigue a través de la buena gestión de las habilidades blandas, como el uso efectivo de las redes de contactos, las habilidades técnicas y de gestión empresarial.

Published
2017
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16. A New AGILE MCAL Configuration to Detect Gamma-Ray Bursts and Sub-threshold Events in the Multimessenger Era.

Author

Alessandro Ursi, Marco Tavani, Francesco Verrecchia, Martino Marisaldi, Andrea Argan, Alessio Trois, and Patrizio Tempesta

Subjects
GAMMA ray bursts, INTERFEROMETERS, GRAVITATIONAL waves, ELECTROMAGNETIC waves, COMPUTER software
Abstract

Starting in 2016 August, the onboard software configuration of the Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) MiniCALorimeter (MCAL) was modified in order to increase the instrument trigger capabilities for the detection of short duration high-energy transients, such as weak gamma-ray sub-threshold events and short gamma-ray bursts. MCAL is a nonimaging, all-sky detector, operating in the energy range 0.4–100 MeV. This change was carried out in order to make AGILE more competitive in the detection of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events revealed by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo experiments. In the 22 months from 2016 August to 2018 May, the new adopted MCAL-GW configuration substantially enhanced the number of MCAL onboard triggers, increasing the total acquisition time of the instrument, and resulted in the detection of 52 bursts, 40 of which have been confirmed by the InterPlanetary Network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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