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Se reconstruyeron los paisajes arqueológicos sumergidos frente a la costa de Cartagena de Indias con base en datos batimétricos multihaz de alta resolución provenientes del Servicio Hidrográfico de la Dirección General Marítima de Colombia y la comparación de mapas históricos de 1772, 1854, 1935, 1995 y 2021. Se demuestra que la construcción de la escollera de Bocagrande ha significado la acreción del terreno en este punto en cerca de 44,4 Ha, y que los espolones colocados en la playa en el siglo pasado lo han sostenido. The submerged archaeological landscapes off the coast of Cartagena de Indias were reconstructed based on high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data from the Hydrographic Service of the General Maritime Directorate of Colombia and on the comparison of historical maps from 1772, 1854, 1935, 1995, and 2021. We show that the construction of the Bocagrande breakwater has meant the accretion of around 44,4 Ha of land in Bocagrande and the spurs placed on the beach in the last century have sustained it.

Resumen Se analizó la tendencia del ascenso del nivel del mar en Cartagena con respecto a otros puertos en el mar Caribe en el contexto de los cambios que se aprecian en la línea de costa en la región. La comparación entre mapas del sur de la Bahía de Cartagena elaborados en 1735 y 2011 evidenció la desaparición de islas y zonas de manglar en una amplia zona del área suroeste. La pérdida de zona costera en la Bahía se refleja en una mayor tasa de ascenso del nivel del mar en Cartagena debido a la subsidencia local, lo cual requiere de acciones inmediatas de prevención. Los datos geodésicos de la estación GPS instalada sobre el techo de la edificación del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas, CIOH, revelaron una posible subsidencia en la región de la Isla de Manzanillo, la cual podrá contrastarse con los datos que puedan obtenerse de una estación empotrada sobre la superficie terrestre. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Abstract We analyzed the trend of sea-level rise in Cartagena with respect to other ports in the Caribbean in the context of coast line changes in the region. The comparison between maps made in 1735 and 2011 of south Cartagena Bay showed the loss of islands and mangrove patches in a large area of the southwest. The loss of coastal zone in the Bay is reflected in a greater trend of sea-level rise in Cartagena due to local subsidence, which requires immediate action. Geodesic data from a GPS station installed on the roof of the Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas, CIOH, building showed a possible subsidence in the Manzanillo Island region, the can be contrasted as more data will be acquired from the station installed on land. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

Two years of GEOSAT Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) altimetry and wind speed measurements in the Caribbean Sea are used to determine the sea surface height mesoscale variability and to characterize the wind stress field during 1987-88. The alongtrack sea surface anomalies are determined using alongtrack derivatives for the estimation of the mean sea surface height and a least square fit is used to remove the orbital error. Biased points near land were removed and high frequency noise was filtered by using a 70 km spatial running mean. Contours of sea surface height anomalies made by every ERM period detected the formation and evolution of two anticyclonic eddies formed during the "non-windy" tropical season, one each year, with a height signature that reached + 30 cm. No eddies related to the Caribbean Current were apparent during the other seasons. A quasi-permanent cyclonic eddy was detected near the San Andreas Archipelago, confirming model predictions. Seasonal wind speed derived from GEOSAT data agrees with previous studies in the area. The relaxation of the wind after the windy season and the strong meridional wind gradient in the center of the Caribbean coincide with the formation of the anticyclones. This suggests that the wind field influences eddy formation. Anomalies in the averaged wind field were produced by strong synoptic events (hurricanes) which are biased due to the 17 day sampling character of the GEOSAT data. http://archive.org/details/mesoscalevariabi1094528353 Lieutenant Commander, Colombian Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.