Search

Objectives. To describe the presence and persistence of neurological and neuropsychological sequelae among children with acquired Zika virus infection and assess whether those sequelae were more common in children infected with Zika virus compared to uninfected children. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of children with and without Zika virus infection in León, Nicaragua, using a standard clinical assessment tool and questionnaire to collect data on symptoms at three visits, about 6 months apart, and a battery of standardized instruments to evaluate neurocognitive function, behavior, depression, and anxiety at the last two visits. Results. Sixty-two children were enrolled, with no significant differences in demographics by infection group. Children infected with Zika virus had a range of neurological symptoms, some of which persisted for 6 to 12 months; however, no consistent pattern of symptoms was observed. At baseline a small percentage of children infected with Zika virus had an abnormal finger-to-nose test (13%), cold touch response (13%), and vibration response (15%) versus 0% in the uninfected group. Neurocognitive deficits and behavioral problems were common in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. Children infected with Zika virus had lower cognitive efficiency scores at the 6-month visit. Anxiety and depression were infrequent in both groups. Conclusions. Larger studies are needed to definitively investigate the relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms and neurocognitive problems, with adjustment for factors affecting cognition and behavior, including mood and sleep disorders, home learning environment, history of neuroinvasive infections, and detailed family history of neuropsychological problems.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (CC). Ecuador has a high prevalence of cervical cancer, with more than 1600 new cases diagnosed annually. This study aimed to analyze oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV16 in samples collected from women with cancerous and precancerous cervical lesions from the Ecuadorian coast. Twenty-nine women, including six with ASCUS, three with LSIL, thirteen with HSIL, and seven with Cacu, were analyzed. The most common SNPs were E6 350G or L83V (82.6%) and E6 145T/286A/289G/335T/350G or Q14H/F78Y/L83V (17.4%). Both variants are reported to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer in worldwide studies. In contrast, all E7 genes have conserved amino-acid positions. Phylogenetic trees showed the circulation of the D (26.1%) and A (73.9) lineages. The frequency of D was higher than that reported in other comparable studies in Ecuador and Latin America, and may be related to the ethnic composition of the studied populations. This study contributes to the characterization of the potential risk factors for cervical carcinogenesis associated with Ecuadorian women infected with HPV16.

Chiang Ching-kuo (1910-1988) is an essential figure to understand the contemporary Chinese world. This article examines the most important chapters of his life, from his experience in the Soviet Union until his presidency in Taiwan during the 1970s and 1980s. Chiang Ching-kuo’s vital trajectory allows us to study the complexities behind the particular Chinese modernization project that materialised in the island as a result of the combination of both exogenous and endogenous elements and a degree of contingency that was not expected by the political elite of the Kuomintang. This work seeks to contribute to the development of the Chinese and Taiwanese studies in Spanish. It advances the concept of “Chinese short century” and opens up new avenues for future research that seek to cast into doubt the dominant discourse around the “Taiwanese miracle”.

Federico Donelli. 2021. Turkey in Africa: Turkey’s Strategic Involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. Londres: I. B. Tauris. 224 pp. Ebook (PDF) ISBN 9780755636990

The health crisis caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) exposes latent social tensions arising from the process of globalization. The battle for the history of the responsibility for the crisis opens new fronts in which, thanks to social media, the public seems to be actively engaged. The first case of coronavirus in Brazil was confirmed in February, followed by a rapid increase in cases, news, and discourses on social media. Against this background, this article examines the following research question: what themes and sentiments are evoked in tweets posted in Portuguese linking the COVID-19 pandemic to China? We conducted a time series study of tweets posted during the period 19 March to April 3, 2020, retrieving 1.6 million tweets. The data was filtered in three stages and thematic and sentiment analysis was performed across the data set. The findings show that the most frequently occurring themes were the “Chinese virus”, “virus from China”, use of chloroquine, cure, the press and quality of information, dictatorship, China, Bolsonaro, and communism. The content of the tweets on these themes clearly reveals user sentiment, with a predominance of negative sentiments (fear, sadness and anger) and low proportion of sentiments in the category trust. The themes and sentiments evoked in the tweets reveal elements that characterize the current context of political polarization in Brazil and its effects on Twitter users’ understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the latest pandemic lineage causing COVID-19. Despite having a vaccination rate ≥85%, Ecuador recorded a high incidence of Omicron from December 2021 to March 2022. Since Omicron emerged, it has evolved into multiple sub-lineages with distinct prevalence in different regions. In this work, we use all Omicron sequences from Ecuador available at GISAID until March 2022 and the software Nextclade and Pangolin to identify which lineages circulate in this country. We detected 12 different sub-lineages (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.1.1.1, BA.1.1.14, BA.1.1.2, BA.1.14, BA.1.15, BA.1.16, BA.1.17, BA.1.6, BA.2, BA.2.3), which have been reported in Africa, America, Europe, and Asia, suggesting multiple introduction events. Sub-lineages BA.1 and BA.1.1 were the most prevalent. Genomic surveillance must continue to evaluate the dynamics of current sub-lineages, the early introduction of new ones and vaccine efficacy against evolving SARS-CoV-2.

Se evaluó el potencial energético de la madera residual urbana (MRU) del Distrito Capital, proveniente de mobiliario, carretas, guacales y estibas, mediante el proceso de gasificación en la generación de energía eléctrica empleando el sistema Power Pallet ® del Jardín Botánico de Bogotá. La MRU se clasificó en dos categorías provenientes de un tablero de fibra de densidad media o aglomerado de madera (MDF- por sus siglas en inglés) y sin aglomerado, analizando las características fisicoquímicas de los dos tipos de biomasa, el desempeño del sistema, las variables operacionales como temperatura, potencia, biomasa consumida, desempeño energético, y se realizó un análisis económico de la producción de energía eléctrica mediante el aprovechamiento de este tipo de residuo. De acuerdo con la evaluación técnica, se concluye que la tecnología Power Pallet ® no es la más adecuada para el aprovechamiento de la MRU, debido a las restricciones del tamaño de partícula y a la limpieza del gas de síntesis. De acuerdo con la cantidad estimada promedio anual de madera residual urbana de 144.667 toneladas, la potencia máxima que podría instalar el Distrito sería alrededor de los 20 kW eléctricos. Aunque este potencial es bajo comparado con otros tipos de biomasa, es una alternativa que permitirá la valorización y reutilización de la MRU.

This article is the result of reflections generated in the study group "Ethnomathematics and Mathematics Education" in the context to create a state of art research in the field of Ethnomathematics within the Faculty of Education at the University of Antioquia. This state of art that is based on a dialogue between our thoughts about the Ethnomathematics and Mathematics Education and the paths we have had in this field, that is, the epistemological, methodological and curricular approaches in the research analyzed. Dialogues enabled us to recognize tensions and challenges, when doing and developing research in the field of Ethnomathematics and Mathematics Education, among them it is possible to find: the researchers’ view, listen to other ways of being and do from the communities and systematize as well the studied practices. To achieve this, we addressed the need to weave conversations with documents, teachers, teachers and or researchers involved in these studies who gave us the possibility to broad and recognize the theoretical horizons in terms of methodology for future research studies.

Background: Previous studies have shown that women's education is protective against corporal punishment (CP) of children. However, the effect that women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has on the association between women's education and children's CP has not been studied. Objective: To understand how the interaction between women's exposure to IPV and their education level influences the occurrence of children's CP at the household level. Methods: We selected 10,156 women who had at least one child less than 16 years old from cross-sectional data from the 2006–2007 Nicaraguan Demographic and Health Survey. Children's CP was defined as the punishment of children by slapping them, hitting them with a fist, or hitting them with a rope, belt, stick, or other object. IPV was measured by using a conflict tactic scale. The WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) was used to assess the women's mental health. We computed adjusted risk ratios (ARR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. Results: Women's exposure to IPV was associated with a 10–17% increase in the risk of children's CP. IPV and children's CP were associated with impaired women's mental health. Women's lifetime exposure to emotional IPV and controlling behavior by a partner significantly decreased the protective effect from women's high education level on children's CP. When women were exposed to emotional IPV, the protective effect from having a college education decreased from ARR=0.61 (95% CI 0.47–0.80) to ARR=0.98 (95% CI 0.80–1.19). A similar pattern was found among women exposed to controlling behavior by a partner, the protective effect decreased from ARR=0.71 (95% CI 0.53–0.90) to ARR=0.86 (95% CI 0.70–1.06). Conclusion: This study shows how significant gains in one positive social determinant of children's well-being can be undermined when it interacts with men's violence toward women. Policies that aim to end children's CP must include actions to end women's exposure to IPV.

The genus Grotea has 18 described species. A new species, Grotea villosissima sp. n., is described here and its host information included. This is the first record of Grotea for Colombia.

Background: Mental health is increasingly recognised as integral to good public health, but this area continues to lack sufficient planning, resources, and global strategy. It is a pressing concern in Latin America, where social determinants of health aggravate existing inequities in access to health services. Nicaragua faces serious mental health needs and challenges. One key strategy for addressing gaps in mental health services is building capacity at the primary healthcare and system levels. Objective: Using the framework of best practice literature, this article analyses the four-year collaborative process between the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua in León (UNAN-León) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Canada, which is aimed at improving mental healthcare in Nicaragua. Design: Based on a critical analysis of evaluation reports, key documents, and discussion among partners, the central steps of the collaboration are analysed and main successes and challenges identified. Results: A participatory needs assessment identified local strengths and weaknesses, expected outcomes regarding competencies, and possible methodologies and recommendations for the development of a comprehensive capacity-building programme. The partners delivered two international workshops on mental health and addiction with an emphasis on primary healthcare. More recently, an innovative Diploma and Master programme was launched to foster interprofessional leadership and effective action to address mental health and addiction needs. Collaborative activities have taken place in Nicaragua and Canada. Discussion: To date, international collaboration between Nicaragua and CAMH has been successful in achieving the jointly defined goals. The process has led to mutual knowledge sharing, strong networking, and extensive educational opportunities. Evidence of effective and respectful global health capacity building is provided. Lessons learned and implications for global health action are identified and discussed.

In the last five years, deep learning methods and particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have exhibited excellent accuracies in many pattern classification problems. Most of the state-of-the-art models apply data-augmentation techniques at the training stage. This paper provides a brief tutorial on data preprocessing and shows its benefits by using the competitive MNIST handwritten digits classification problem. We show and analyze the impact of different preprocessing techniques on the performance of three CNNs, LeNet, Network3 and DropConnect, together with their ensembles. The analyzed transformations are, centering, elastic deformation, translation, rotation and different combinations of them. Our analysis demonstrates that data-preprocessing techniques, such as the combination of elastic deformation and rotation, together with ensembles have a high potential to further improve the state-of-the-art accuracy in MNIST classification.

A new species of the ichneumonid subfamily Labeninae, Apechoneura seminigra sp. n., is described. Specimens were collected from the Amazon Rainforest of Colombia.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los patrones de policonsumo simultáneo de sustancias psicoactivas y sus implicaciones de género, legales y sociales, en estudiantes de primer y segundo año de las facultades de ciencias de la salud/ciencias médicas, en siete universidades de cinco países latinoamericanos, Colombia, Nicaragua, Chile, Brasil y El Salvador, y un país caribeño, Jamaica. El diseño fue un corte transversal. Las combinaciones de alcohol + tabaco y de alcohol + marihuana fueron las mas reportadas en todas las universidades, a excepción de alcohol + tabaco en Jamaica. Los factores asociados al policonsumo más referidos fueron "tener relaciones sexuales inesperada" en la universidad de Brasil, "tener relaciones sexuales sin protección" en las universidades de Chile, Colombia y Nicaragua, "tener problemas con su pareja sentimental" en la universidad de Jamaica, y "ausentarse de clases" en la universidad de El Salvador. Tres entornos se relacionaron, de manera positiva o negativa, con el policonsumo simultáneo de sustancias psicoactivas: estudiantil, familiar y de comportamiento sexual.

La presencia de trastornos de salud mental y consumo de drogas ambos se conocen como comorbilidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de la comorbilidad entre el distrés psicológico y el abuso/dependencia de drogas en pacientes de Centros de tratamiento en León, Nicaragua. La mayoría de participantes del estudio eran hombres y 68.5% eran menor de 40 años, solteros (58.5%), con bajo nivel de educación, trabajo de forma autónoma (51.2%), y 41.5% viven con su madre biológica. El 65.9% de los pacientes llegaron al centro por cuenta propia. Las drogas más consumida fueron alcohol, marihuana y crack (59.7%, 58.2% y 53.7%). Los trastornos concurrente más comunes fueron, ansiedad (29.3%), depresión (24.1%), esquizofrenia 9.8% y trastorno bipolar 2,4% y según la escala de Kessler K-10, el 56% de los participantes fueron diagnosticados con distrés psicológico severo. Según la escala de APGAR-familiar, el 26% percibieron familias como disfuncionales.

Las drogas constituyen una seria amenaza para la salud internacional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los patrones de policonsumo simultáneo y sus implicaciones legales y sociales entre estudiante de pregrado. El estudio fue de corte transversal, y en el participaron 357 estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud de una universidad. El 52.1% de los participantes dijo haber usado sustancias psicoactivas alguna vez en su vida, y el 42.6% dijo haber consumido en los últimos 12 meses. En el último año, un 80.3% refirió haber consumido alcohol, un 34.2% tabaco, un 5.9% drogas de prescripción, un 4.6% cannabis, y un 3.9% cocaína/crack. En relación al consumo simultáneo en los últimos 12 meses, las cifras de reportadas fueron de 14.7% para alcohol + tabaco + cannabis, y de 8.8% para las todas las siguientes combinaciones: alcohol + cannabis, alcohol + cocaína, y cannabis + cocaína. Factores asociados al consumo fueron identificados. Se sugieren programas preventivos e investigación adicional en el tema.

The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae currently includes approximately 37 subfamilies worldwide. Banchinae subfamily is a cosmopolitan group with three tribes: Atrophini, Banchini and Glyptini, this last characterized with oblique grooves on tergites II-IV, a dorsal subapical notch on the ovipositor, and a median apical impression in the subgenital plate. From the latter tribe, the genus Sphelodon, with eight species reported, can be recognized for the presence of a prominent basolateral tooth in the first abdominal tergite. Significant previous comprehensive studies for that group have been done in Costa Rica by local and international experts, but it is highly probable that many species remain undescribed in the region; before this survey, only one species (S. annulicornis) was registered from Brazil. The material reviewed in this study was obtained from main entomological collections of Southeast and South Brazil, from localities corresponding to 17 of the 27 States of the country, although most of the specimens (70.3%) were collected in São Paulo State. Approximately 3 000 specimens of the subfamily have been examined, 29 belonging to Sphelodon. The description format in this work broadly follows previous works; the species were illustrated through SEM in low vacuum mode (without uncoated the specimens). Here five new species of the genus Sphelodon are described and illustrated, one of these (S. brunicornis), differs from the rest of the species by lacking a median band in the flagellum. An identification key to the Neotropical species is provided. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1621-1635. Epub 2011 December 01.La familia de avispas parasitoides Ichneumonidae incluye aproximadamente 37 subfamilias a nivel mundial, una de ellas, Banchinae es un grupo cosmopolita con tres tribos: Atrophini, Banchini y Glyptini: los miembros de esta tribu presentan surcos oblicuos en los tergitos II-IV, una muesca dorsal sub-apical en el ovipositor y una impresión media apical en la placa subgenital; este grupo incluye los géneros Levibasis, Teleutaea, Glypta, Zaglyptomorpha y Sphelodon en la región Neotropical. El género mencionado anteriormente se diferencia de los demás por la presencia de un diente baso-lateral en el primer tergito abdominal, y cuenta con 8 especies descritas, sin embargo como Costa Rica es el único país de la región donde se ha realizado un levantamiento riguroso de este grupo, es muy probable que muchas especies no hayan sido descritas todavía. De este género, sólo existe una especie registrada para Brasil (S. annulicornis). Este trabajo se basó principalmente en material obtenido en calidad de préstamo de las colecciones entomológicas más reconocidas del Sur y del Sudeste de Brasil, provenientes de localidades correspondientes a 17 de los 27 estados que existen en este país, aunque la mayoría de ejemplares (70.3 %) fueron recolectados en el estado de São Paulo. Aproximadamente 3 000 ejemplares de la subfamilia fueron examinados, 29 pertenecientes al género de la tribu Glyptini Sphelodon. El formato de descripción de las especies es básicamente el mismo expuesto por Gauld et al. (2002); las microfotografías que ilustran los detalles de las especies nuevas se realizaron en un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), en el modo de bajo vacío (los ejemplares no fueron recubiertos). Se describen e ilustran cinco especies nuevas del género Sphelodon, una de ellas, S. Brunicornis, se distingue de las otras especies descritas del género porque no presenta un anillo medio en el flagelo. Se propone una clave de identificación para las especies neotropicales.

Aznar López, José María, Ocho años de gobierno. Una visión personal de España. Barcelona, Planeta, 2004.Páginas 201-203Diego Iturriaga BarcoChamocho Cantudo, Miguel Ángel, La Justicia del Pueblo. Los tribunales populares de Jaén durante la Guerra Civil. Jaén, Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, 2004, 296 pp.Páginas 203-205Eduardo Cebreiros ÁlvarezCobo Romero, Francisco, Revolución campesina y contrarrevolución franquista en Andalucía. Granada, Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Córdoba, 2004, 396 pp.Páginas 205-207David Molina RabadánDay, Timothy, Un siglo de música grabada. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2002, 312 pp.Páginas 207-209Joaquín Piñeiro BlancaDos Santos, Theotonio, La teoría de la dependencia. Balance y perspectivas. México, Plaza & Janés, 2003, 170 pp.Páginas 209-213Andre Gunder FrankGoodman, Amy, En la cama con el enemigo. Contra los políticos untados de petróleo, los empresarios que se benefician de las guerras y los medios de comunicación que los encubren. Madrid, Temas de Hoy, 2004, 364 pp.Páginas 213-215Inmaculada Ramírez PérezGu, Zhibin, China's Global Reach. Markets, Multinationals, and Globalization. Binghamton, Haworth Press, 2005, 359 pp.Páginas 215-216Jorge Nascimento RodriguesJiménez Bautista, Francisco, Las gentes del área metropolitana de Granada. Relaciones, percepciones y conflictos. Granada, Universidad de Granada, Instituto de la Paz y los Conflictos, 2004, 872 pp.Páginas 217-218David Molina RabadánKaye, H.J., Los historiadores marxistas británicos: un análisis introductorio. Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias, 1989, 240 pp.Páginas 218-220Alejandro Estrella GonzálezKüng, Hans, Libertad conquistada: memorias. Madrid, Trotta, 2003, 619 pp.Páginas 221-222Gonzalo Ruiz BidónLópez Martínez, Mario (dir.), Enciclopedia de Paz y Conflictos. Granada, Editorial Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Educación y Ciencia, 1.228 pp.Páginas 222-225Francisco Jiménez BautistaMansurnoor, Iik Arifin, Islam in an Indonesian World Ulama of Madura. Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University Press, 1990, 471 pp.Páginas 225-226Ibrahim Abu BakarMoradiellos, Enrique, 1936. Los mitos de la Guerra Civil. Barcelona, Península, 2004, 249 pp.Páginas 226-228José Luis Rodríguez JiménezPedrol Robira, Xabier; Pisarello Prados, Gerardo, La Constitución furtiva. Por una construcción social y democrática de Europa. Barcelona, Icaria, 2004, 112 pp.Páginas 228-230Andrés Herrera FeligrerasSagan, Carl et al., Murmurs of Earth. The Voyager interstellar record. New York, Random House, 1992, 2nd ed., 275 pp.Páginas 230-232Rafael Gómez SánchezSchirrmacher, Frank, El complot de Matusalem. Madrid, Taurus, 2004, 253 pp.Páginas 232-234José Francisco Tinao Martín-PeñaStiglitz, Joseph E., Los felices 90. La semilla de la destrucción. Madrid, Santillana, 2003, 415 pp.Páginas 234-237Alfonso Galindo LucasViejo Fernández, José Antonio, Modernización demográfica y transformaciones económicas en Sanlúcar de Barrameda (1900-1936). Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz; Fundación de Cultura de Sanlúcar de Barrameda, 2004, 176 pp.Páginas 237-239Alejandro Román Antequera

Ali, Tariq, Bush en Babilonia. La recolonización de Irak. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2004, 286 pp.Páginas 183-185Alfonso Galindo LucasÁlvarez Espinosa, Daniel, Cristianos y marxistas contra Franco. Cádiz, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz, 2003, 454 pp.Páginas 185-187Gonzalo Ruiz BidónBonhoeffer, Dietrich, Resistencia y sumisión. Cartas y apuntes desde el cautiverio. Salamanca, Sígueme, 2003, 300 pp.Páginas 187-188Daniel Francisco Álvarez EspinosaCabrera, Miguel Ángel, Historia, Lenguaje y Teoría de la Sociedad. Madrid, Cátedra Universitat de Valencia, 2001, 188 pp.Páginas 188-191Alejandro Estrella GonzálezCobo Romero, Francisco, De campesinos a electores. Modernización agraria en Andalucía, politización campesina y derechización de los pequeños propietarios y arrendatarios. El caso de la provincia de Jaén, 1931-1936. Madrid, B. Nueva, 2003, 358 pp.Páginas 191-193David Molina RabadánColomer Viadel, Antonio, Crisis y Reformas en Iberoamérica ¿... y la Revolución? Valencia, Editorial Nomos, 2002, 231 pp.Páginas 193-196Jesús Fernández GarcíaCué, Carlos E., ¡Pásalo!: Los cuatro días de marzo que cambiaron el país. Barcelona, Ediciones Península Atalaya, 2004, 143 pp.Páginas 196-198Inmaculada Ramírez PérezCuenca Toribio, José Manuel, Catolicismo social y político en la España contemporánea (1870-2000). Madrid, Unión Editorial, 2003, 451 pp.Páginas 198-200Fernando López MoraKagan, Robert, Poder y debilidad. Europa y EEUU en el nuevo orden mundial. Madrid, Taurus, 2003, 165 pp.Páginas 201-202David Molina RabadánNapoleoni, Loretta, Yihad. Cómo se financia el terrorismo en la nueva economía. Barcelona, Ediciones Urano, 2004, 462 pp.Páginas 202-204Andrés Herrera FeligrerasPaksoy, H.B., How Governed, Who Pays? Lawrence (KS), Carrie, 2001, 79 pp.Páginas 204-206Dan KrejciReinares, Fernando, Terrorismo Global. Madrid, Taurus, 2003, 180 pp.Páginas 206-208Marcela Iglesias OnofrioSala Rose, Rosa, Diccionario crítico de mitos y símbolos del nazismo. Barcelona, Acantilado Quaderns Crema, 2003, 509 pp.Páginas 208-210Julio Pérez SerranoSánchez Recio, Glicerio; Tascón Fernández, Julio (eds.), Los empresarios de Franco. Política y economía en España, 1936-1957. Barcelona, Crítica, 2003, 360 pp.Páginas 210-213Jesús Romero GonzálezTerzian, Yervant; Bilson, Elizabeth (eds.), El Universo de Carl Sagan. Madrid, Cambridge University Press, 1999, 336 pp.Páginas 213-216Rafael Gómez Sánchez

Se presentan dos casos clínicos de placenta percreta. Uno como hallazgo intraoperatorio y otro con diagnóstico antenatal. Se describen los procedimientos diagnósticos, el manejo quirúrgico intra y post operatorio y el seguimiento, así como el enfrentamiento y la reparación de las complicaciones encontradas. Se hace énfasis en la importancia del trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario en estos casos extremadamente graves. Se revisa la literatura y se sugieren algunas recomendaciones para su mejor manejoTwo cases of placenta percreta are presented. The first one as a surgical finding and the other with antenatal diagnosis. The diagnostic procedures, intra and post surgical management and follow up are described, as well, the approach and management of the finding complications. The importance of the multidisciplinary team work in this extremely serious pathology is emphasized. The literature reports are reviewed and some recommendations for a better management are made

Objetivo: Determinar el metabolismo del hidrato de cloral en ratas bajo condiciones normales y en ratas con insuficiencia hepática inducida con tetracloruro de carbono. Material y métodos: Se usaron ratas macho de la cepa Holtzman. El proceso de inducción de la insuficiencia hepática se realizó durante 3 días consecutivos; este efecto fue confirmado a través de cortes histológicos del hígado, administrándose luego hidrato de cloral por vía oral en ambos grupos. Posteriormente, se realizó el dosaje en plasma de tricloroetanol - metabolito activo del hidrato de cloral - por el método de cromatografía gaseosa con un detector de ionización de llama, realizándose la validación de dicho método. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la cantidad de tricloroetanol entre los grupos con y sin insuficiencia hepática. Se reporta los períodos de latencia, duración e intensidad del efecto del hidrato de cloral, en todos los grupos en estudio. Conclusiones: El metabolismo del hidrato de cloral se encuentra alterado en los grupos con insuficiencia hepática, el nivel de alteración del metabolismo puede ser cuantificado a través del dosaje de tricloroetanol, el cual fue realizado optimizando un método existente.

Aportación al I Congreso Internacional "Relaciones entre España y China (1575-2005)". Pamplona, 24-25 de noviembre de 2008.

Aunque Castilla fue pionera en el acercamiento de China a Europa allá por el siglo XVI, se ha tenido que esperar a la emergencia del gigante asiático en el nuevo orden global para asistir a un redescubrimiento del “Reino del Centro” en España. A las puertas de cumplirse la primera década del siglo XXI se asiste a la formación de una nueva sinología española en condiciones de posibilitar un mejor conocimiento sobre el mundo chino del que se ha tenido hasta las últimas décadas del XX en nuestro país.

Tras casi cincuenta años de dictadura, Taiwán celebró, en marzo de 1996 las primeras elecciones totalmente libres. La convocatoria de estos comicios presidenciales marcó el final del proceso de liberalización política iniciado diez años antes. La victoria fue para el Kuomintang, el partido que había regido la vida política, social y económica de la isla desde 1945. La victoria del Kuomintang, el partido- estado que impulsó desde el poder el viaje hacia la democracia, permitió seguir profundizando en la reforma política, pero la gran novedad se produjo en la esfera de la identidad nacional, el debate en torno a este punto fue tomando relevancia –como consecuencia de las políticas emprendidas desde el poder político– hasta convertirse hoy en una de las claves principales del presente taiwanés. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar, desde una perspectiva histórica, la construcción del actual discurso nacionalista taiwanés y examinar el papel del Kuomintang, en este ámbito, durante su primer mandato (1996-2000) en democracia.

Edible coatings are used to maintain overall quality and extend the shelf-life of fruit after harvest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of edible coatings based on beeswax and shellac on the postharvest quality of fresh chayote [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. var. virens levis] stored for 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 days at 7 °C. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with mixed effects and three replicates. Physicochemical analyses were carried out for color, texture, acidity, pH, weight loss, and CO2 concentration. The applied coatings stabilized the physicochemical properties and reduced the weight loss percentage (1.8 to 3.4 %) of the chayotes during the storage period without creating an adverse effect compared to the control (4.1 %). The most effective coating (treatment 6) had the highest concentration of beeswax and the lowest concentration of shellac, forming an effective barrier against gases and water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead to physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of morphine use. These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, and muscle cramps, which strongly promote morphine use relapse. The morphine‐induced increases in neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, and alteration of glutamate levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens have been associated with morphine dependence and a higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. Due to its rich content in potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant factors, secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is proposed as a preclinical therapeutic tool for the treatment of this complex neurological condition associated with neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress. Methods: Two animal models of morphine dependence were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hMSC‐derived secretome in reducing morphine withdrawal signs. In the first model, rats were implanted subcutaneously with mini‐pumps which released morphine at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/day for seven days. Three days after pump implantation, animals were treated with a simultaneous intravenous and intranasal administration of hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were precipitated on day seven by i.p. naloxone administration. In this model, brain alterations associated with withdrawal were also analyzed before withdrawal precipitation. In the second animal model, rats voluntarily consuming morphine for three weeks were intravenously and intranasally treated with hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were induced by morphine deprivation. Results: In both animal models secretome administration induced a significant reduction of withdrawal signs, as shown by a reduction in a combined withdrawal score. Secretome administration also promoted a reduction in morphine‐induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, while no changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: Data presented from two animal models of morphine dependence suggest that administration of secretome derived from hMSCs reduces the development of opioid withdrawal signs, which correlates with a reduction in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]