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Em meio a uma sociedade cada vez mais rápida e efêmera, a inserção da leitura de clássicos da literatura entre os jovens é desafiadora, porém é um estímulo para o desenvolvimento de cidadãos críticos. Assim, considera-se a literatura como aliada ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem por promover o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os aspectos científicos implícitos na obra de Rachel de Queiroz, O Quinze, para utilizá-la na educação em ciências no Ensino Médio, com vistas à alfabetização científica. Para tal, foi analisado se o livro possuía conteúdos científicos de acordo com as três esferas do conhecimento científico sistematizado, por meio da análise de conteúdo da obra. Na esfera conceitual-fenomenológica, foram identificados temas pertencentes às categorias saúde, meio ambiente e bioquímica. A esfera histórico-metodológica permite uma discussão epistemológica. Por fim, a esfera sociopolítica exibiu temas relacionados à Ciência e Sociedade. Conclui-se que a obra apresenta um extenso potencial para a educação científica.

Sob a argumentação de que a acessibilidade à psicoterapia por meio de intérprete ocasiona inevitável quebra de privacidade e causa grandes prejuízos para o paciente surdo, autores apontam a necessidade da proficiência em Libras dos terapeutas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar o conhecimento sobre o sujeito surdo e a disponibilidade dos psicólogos em investir na formação em Libras. Os achados mostram que há um significativo contingente de psicólogos dispostos a atender pacientes surdos, tornando justificável investimentos públicos em ações inclusivas e apontam para o fato de que qualquer proposta de ampliação da rede de atendimento psicoterapêutico para a população surda demanda o enfretamento, com a mesma prioridade, de duas frentes: o fomento à proficiência em Libras para psicólogos; e a promoção de ações que gerem empatia da comunidade de psicologia com o sujeito surdo.

The Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium vivax (PvCSP) is an immunodominant antigen expressed on the surface of the sporozoite. PvCSP consists of a central repetitive region (CRR), capable of stimulating both T and B lymphocytes. The CRR is flanked by two non-repetitive regions, N-terminal (RI) and C-terminal (RII), which play important roles in parasite invasion and motility, both in the vector and the human host. Due to its highly immunogenic regions, PvCSP is considered one of the main candidates for a malaria vaccine. However, the genetic diversity of PvCSP poses a challenge for immunobiological research. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of polymorphisms in the VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like variants of PvCSP worldwide through a systematic review. Genetic diversity of PvCSP from different regions of the world was investigated using nucleotide sequences retrieved from GenBank and analyzed for polymorphisms in RI, RII, and CRR using Mega4 software. Out of 709 sequences analyzed, VK210 (n = 591) was the most prevalent worldwide, followed by VK247 (n = 116) and P. vivax-like (n = 2). Polymorphisms in RI were observed only for VK210, in isolates from Myanmar (n = 4) and India (n = 12). Isolates from Brazil (n = 4), Myanmar (n = 29), Vanuatu (n = 10), Cambodia (n = 21), Colombia (n = 2), Papua New Guinea (n = 11), Sudan (n = 30), and India (n = 5) showed polymorphisms resulting in the insertion of an Alanine after RI, which was not observed in Iran (n = 45), South Korea (n = 2), Mexico (n = 11), Nicaragua (n = 4), Pakistan (n = 32), and Greece (n = 1). In the CRR, VK210 presented more polymorphisms (n = 217) than VK247 (n = 36), and no polymorphisms were found for P. vivax-like. Region II of PvCSP also showed genetic variations in the global population, generating different patterns of insertion and deletion of the ANKKAEDA octapeptide for VK210 isolates from Myanmar (n = 16), Cambodia (n = 4), South Korea (n = 2), Mexico (n = 7), Pakistan (n = 32), Greece (n = 1), but not observed in Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, and Sudan. For VK247, isolates from Cambodia were the only ones that did not show insertion of the ANKKAGDA octapeptide. No variation was observed for P. vivax-like. These data reflect the complexity in developing an anti-sporozoite vaccine against P. vivax, as the analyzed sequences present different polymorphisms causing synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide variations, especially in the CRR. Keywords: Epidemiology, Vivax Malaria, Genetic polymorphism, Vaccine. Conflicts of interest: There was no conflicts of interest. Ethics and financing: Declarations of interest: None.

Introduction: Therapeutic failure in patients with malaria can occur due to various factors and polymorphisms in enzymes of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family, responsible for around 90% of the metabolization of chloroquine and primaquine, can generate individuals who are low, intermediate or fast metabolizers of antimalarial drugs. Objective: We evaluated the relationship between these polymorphisms and the biometalization of antimalarial drugs worldwide through a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. Methodology: The research question was structured in the PICO format (Population = people infected with Plasmodium vivax; Intervention = people without vivax malaria; Comparison = polymorphisms in the CPY450 gene; Outcome = biometabolization of antimalarial drugs is influenced by polymorphisms in the CYP450 gene). The investigation in the databases (Medline through Pubmed, Google scholar, Science direct and Scopus) was carried out by grouping descriptors (DECs/Mesh) with Boolean operators (AND/OR). Duplicate articles were excluded, as well as those with in vitro research, which did not meet the objective of the study and which, when applying the Joanna Briggs Institute questionnaire, had ≤ 50% ''yes'' answers. Results: Of the 187,935 articles retrieved, only 12 were selected for this review, adding up to 2050 individuals. The majority (75%) of the articles reported an interaction between polymorphisms in the CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes in individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum and interference in drug metabolization. As for Plasmodium vivax (25%), the SNP in the CYP2D6 gene was the most frequently reported cause of therapeutic failure. As for the phenotype regarding biometabolization, 65% were normal, 25% low, 5% fast and 5% null metabolizers. Conclusions: It is important to develop measures aimed at profiling genetic biomarkers and their respective phenotypes in populations from endemic areas, in order to prevent relapses from P. vivax and treatment failure for both plasmodia; important for establishing malaria prevention and control measures. Keywords: Molecular Epidemiology, Pharmacogenetics, Plasmodium, Public Health. Conflicts of interest: There was no conflicts of interest. Ethics and financing: Declarations of interest: None.

The neglected Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite CD dispersion throughout the world, it prevails in tropical areas affecting mainly poor communities, causing devastating health, social and economic consequences. Clinically, CD is marked by a mildly symptomatic acute phase, and a chronic phase characterized by cardiac and/or digestive complications. Current treatment for CD relies on medications with strong side effects and reduced effectiveness. The complex interaction between the parasite and the host outlines the etiology and progression of CD. The unique characteristics and high adaptability of T. cruzi, its mechanisms of persistence, and evasion of the immune system seem to influence the course of the disease. Despite the efforts to uncover the pathology of CD, there are many gaps in understanding how it is established and reaches chronicity. Also, the lack of effective treatments and protective vaccines constitute challenges for public health. Here, we explain the background in which CD is established, from the peculiarities of T. cruzi molecular biology to the development of the host’s immune response leading to the pathophysiology of CD. We also discuss the state of the art of treatments for CD and current challenges in basic and applied science.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endodontic sealer (ES) on bond strength (BS) of prefabricated or milled-CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) glass-fiber-posts (GFP). Canals of 90 single-rooted teeth were prepared for filling by the single-cone technique with gutta-percha and one of the following ES: AH Plus (epoxy resin), Endofill (zinc-oxide and eugenol), and Bio-C Sealer (calcium-silicate). After post-space preparation, tooth-specimens were equally divided in half according to type of GFP to be used. In the half to receive milled-CAD-CAM posts, tooth specimens were molded with acrylic resin to obtain replicas. These were scanned to enable the laboratory to produce the milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (Fiber CAD Lab, Angelus) by the subtractive technique. The other half of samples received prefabricated GFPs (Exacto, Angelus) (n=15). The GFPs were cemented with dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray). Each root was sectioned into two slices per root region (cervical, middle, apical) that were subjected to the push-out BS test, in a universal testing machine. Failure mode (FM) was classified by scores. The BS data were submitted to generalized linear model analyses, while FM was analyzed using the chi-square test (a=0.05). BS showed no significant difference among the three ES (p > 0.05). BS was significantly higher for prefabricated (mean 10.84 MPa) versus milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (mean 6.94 MPa) (p

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Nannizzia and Epidermophyton genera cause dermatophytosis, the most common and highly contagious infectious skin disease. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere, located in the most visited state of Brazil. This retrospective study investigated epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of dermatophytosis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, by using spatiotemporal analysis. More than half of all individuals were infected by one or more dermatophytes. A variation between 18 and 106 years-old of the studied population was verified, and women more frequently affected. Patients were more frequently infected by Trichophyton spp., most of them T. rubrum, followed by T. mentagrophytes. M. canis and N. gypsea were more frequently isolated in the age group between 40 and 60 years old, while T. rubrum predominates among younger patients. All species presented homogeneous distribution while T. tonsurans appears to be restricted to the Rio de Janeiro capital and E. floccosum to the municipality of Macaé (190 Km apart from RJ). Rio de Janeiro state presented spatial clusters of dermatophytosis with high density in Guanabara Bay (E. floccosum, M. canis, N. gypsea, T. tonsurans) and Niterói (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) but low density in Macaé (E. floccosum). Significant spatiotemporal clusters on dermatophytosis cases were detected in distinct municipalities (p-value ≤ 0.05). The Vulnerability Index (r = 0.293) and Demographic Density (r = 0.652) distributed according to neighborhoods in Niterói were direct related with dermatophytosis cases whereas Income (r = -0.306) was inversely correlated (p-value ≤ 0.05). The dermatophytosis spatiotemporal distinct distribution after two major international events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlight the pressing need for specific measures of its prevention and controlling. This is particularly relevant in touristic tropical localities which must consider both socio-economical and traveler's medicine variables.

Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most pathogenic species, responsible for the Brazilian cat-transmitted sporotrichosis hyperendemic. In this scenario, an investigation of the pathogen–host interaction can provide relevant information for future treatment strategies. To this end, the invertebrate Galleria mellonella has proven to be a suitable alternative for evaluating the virulence of pathogenic fungi, since the insect immune system is similar to the mammalian innate immune response. The aim of this work was to investigate phenotypic and molecular aspects of the immune response of G. mellonella throughout the S. brasiliensis infection. Hemocyte density and the evolution of the fungal load were evaluated. In parallel, RT-qPCR expression analysis of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (Gallerimycin and Galiomycin) and stress management genes (C7 Contig 15362 and C8 Contig 19101) was conducted. The fungal load and hemocyte densities increased simultaneously and proportionally to the deleterious morphological events and larvae mortality. Gallerimycin, C7 Contig 15362 and C8 Contig 19101 genes were positively regulated (p < 0.05) at distinct moments of S. brasiliensis infection, characterizing a time-dependent and alternately modulated profile. Galiomycin gene expression remained unchanged. Our results contribute to the future proposal of potential alternative pathways for treating and consequently controlling S. brasiliensis zoonosis, a major public health issue in Latin America.

A contemporaneidade se caracteriza pela celeridade e pela falta de tempo para ler; tal peculiaridade motiva uma escassa dedicação aos textos clássicos, os quais são reconhecidamente capazes de promover uma experiência humanizadora. Neste estudo, buscamos avaliar a utilização da obra Cem Anos de Solidão em um projeto escolar interdisciplinar no qual a literatura assumiu a posição de eixo integrador das áreas de conhecimento. O projeto foi proposto aos docentes de uma escola pública do estado do Rio de Janeiro e adaptado para aplicação. A intervenção foi avaliada através da análise de conteúdo das redações produzidas pelos alunos e de questionários aplicados aos docentes. O papel integrador do projeto proporcionou ao aluno/leitor o desprendimento da realidade imediata, o exercício da imaginação, ampliação da compreensão e de visão de mundo. A intervenção foi positivamente avaliada pelos alunos e professores e o estímulo à leitura de outros clássicos foi fomentando.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether different genotypes of p.Arg16Gly, p.Gln27Glu, p.Arg19Cys and p.Thr164Ile variants interfere in response to treatment in children and adolescents with moderate to severe acute asthma. Methods This sample comprised patients aged 2 to 17 years with a history of at least two wheezing episodes and current moderate to severe asthma exacerbation. All patients received multiple doses of albuterol and ipratropium bromide delivered via pressurized metered-dose inhaler with holding chamber and systemic corticosteroids. Hospital admission was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in forced expiratory volume in the first second after 1 hour of treatment, and for outpatients, length of stay in the emergency room. Variants were genotyped by sequencing. Results A total of 60 patients were evaluated. Hospital admission rates were significantly higher in carriers of the genotype AA relative to those with genotype AG or GG, within the p.Arg16Gly variant (p=0.03, test χ2, alpha=0.05). Secondary outcomes did not differ between genotypes. Conclusion Hospital admission rates were significantly higher among carriers of the genotype AA within the p.Arg16Gly variant. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01323010

Este trabalho versa sobre a contribuição de sessões abertas de psicodrama, para que os pacientes aproveitem o trabalho em grupo, reconhecendo-se em suas semelhanças e diferenças perante os demais participantes, facilitando o reconhecimento destas mesmas diferenças e semelhanças em suas reflexões individuais.

O artigo aborda como tratar da saúde do profissional da Educação por meio do Sociodrama e de objetos intermediários. Considerando o sujeito biopsicossocial, em que a saúde não se concentra apenas no físico, ressalta-se o âmbito relacional, por ser de grande influência no cotidiano do trabalhador. Apresenta-se o resultado do estudo com escolas da rede pública de ensino de São Paulo. Foi aplicada uma escala que possibilitou posterior discussão de tópicos considerados importantes, encerrando-se com um objeto intermediário facilitador da interação grupal.

Este artigo aborda o método sociátrico e suas possibilidades de atuação. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica com as diferenças e as semelhanças conceituais e contratuais entre Axiodrama, Psicodrama, Sociodrama e Teatro Espontâneo. Focaliza as práticas do Axiodrama no universo organizacional, exemplificado com um trabalho da área da saúde. Lidar com valores e ética mostra-se necessário, útil e eficiente no mundo atual, e deve-se estimular o processamento de diferentes axiodramas para ampliar essas discussões e referências.

Recently, the well-known geographically wide distribution of sporotrichosis in Brazil, combined with the difficulties of effective domestic feline treatment, has emphasized the pressing need for new therapeutic alternatives. This work considers a range of synthetic derivatives as potential antifungals against Sporothrix brasiliensis isolated from cats from the hyperendemic Brazilian region. Six S. brasiliensis isolates from the sporotrichotic lesions of itraconazole responsive or non-responsive domestic cats were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of three novel hydrazone derivatives and eleven novel quinone derivatives were determined using the broth microdilution method (M38-A2). In silico tests were also used to predict the pharmacological profile and toxicity parameters of these synthetic derivatives. MICs and MFCs ranged from 1 to >128 µg/mL. The ADMET computational analysis failed to detect toxicity while a good pharmacological predictive profile, with parameters similar to itraconazole, was obtained. Three hydrazone derivatives were particularly promising candidates as antifungal agents against itraconazole-resistant S. brasiliensis from the Brazilian hyperendemic region. Since sporotrichosis is a neglected zoonosis currently spreading in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, the present data can contribute to its future control by alternative antifungal drug design against S. brasiliensis, the most virulent and prevalent species of the hyperendemic context.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a pesquisa participante como estratégia metodológica, em seus fundamentos teóricos e práticos, entrelaçando esses fundamentos com os do Sociodrama. Para isso, o trabalho analisa e discute uma experiência no Brasil, realizada com mulheres bordadeiras na periferia de São Paulo e voltada para a formação de um coletivo empreendedor. O foco é o início do trabalho de campo, no qual se abrem espaços comunicativos que permitem a superação de silêncios e a emancipação. Como conclusão, os autores ressaltam que a pesquisa participante pode funcionar como instrumento crítico de rompimento do silêncio e início da mobilização. A pesquisa participante permite gerar conhecimento e superar “estados de resignação” para transformar a realidade dos sujeitos da prática.

Este artigo destaca a inserção do programa de residência multiprofissional no Serviço de Terapia da Dor e Cuidados Paliativos do Instituto do Câncer do Ceará (ICC) entre os anos de 2013 a 2015. Apropriando-se da teoria crítica marxiana, apresenta um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de cunho qualitativo, iluminando a dimensão técnico-operativa do Serviço Social no âmbito do ICC. Destacase a importância da dimensão formativa articulada à investigativa, dando centralidade aos processos pedagógicos criativos e adequados ao modelo de residência em curso no país e sua importância na área de Cuidados Paliativos.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise do projeto de lei que institui o programa Escola sem Partido (PL 246/2019), no intuito de indicar como e porque tal projeto se constitui um obstáculo para a ação pedagógica no âmbito do componente curricular Ensino Religioso na escola básica, consolidando-se assim um entrave para a formação integral conforme estabelecido pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação. Para tal análise, mobilizamos categorias do campo do direito internacional, como decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e o Protocolo de San Salvador, assim como categorias e referenciais teóricos do campo da Ciência da Religião. Primeiramente, procuramos examinar em que medida a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos — referenciada no projeto como um argumento central em defesa do direito dos pais de que seus filhos recebam na escola a formação religiosa e moral conforme àquela cultivada por suas famílias no âmbito privado — provê juridicamente os princípios do PL246/2019. Em um segundo momento, abordamos a noção de religião que subjaz ao projeto e os impedimentos decorrentes de uma perspectiva da religião restrita à crença e à prática, desprezando sua dimensão cultural. Nesse sentido, procuramos apontar como a referida compreensão de religião induz a um entendimento fragmentado e equivocada da Convenção, o que além de colocar em xeque direitos humanos fundamentais, coloca em suspenso também preceitos basilares da educação no Brasil.

Em abril de 2003, o Projeto Genoma Humano (PGH), que havia sido iniciado em 1989, foi finalizado. Objetivamos, neste trabalho, relatar a evolução do conhecimento científico que culminou na proposição da sequência de nucleotídeos do genoma humano sob a ótica da revista Ciência Hoje (CH), pioneira na popularização de ciência no Brasil. Analisamos a divulgação do PGH na revista CH de dezembro de 1984 a dezembro de 2010, intervalo que compreende: a motivação do sequenciamento do genoma humano, a fundação das instituições responsáveis pelo projeto e prosseguimento do PGH, a rivalidade com a empresa privada Celera Genomics, a publicação do primeiro rascunho, e consequências imediatas do projeto. Esperamos que a compreensão do pensamento reinante na época e dos estilos envolvidos nesse processo contribua para uma visão mais adequada da produção do conhecimento científico relacionado ao PGH e para a melhoria da educação científica de professores de biologia e de ciências.

In this work we aimed to determine the level of Molecular Biology (MB) science literacy of students from two Brazilian public schools which do not consider the rogerian theory for class planning and from another institution, Cap UERJ, which favours this theory. We applied semiclosed questionnaires specific to the different groups of science literacy levels. Besides, we have asked them to perform conceptual maps with MB concepts in order to observe if they have experienced meaningful learning. Finally, we prepared MB classes for students of the three schools, considering their conceptual maps and tried to evaluate, through a second map execution, if the use of alternative didactics material, which consider meaningful learning process, would have any effect over the appropriation of new concepts. We observed that most students are placed at Functional literacy level. Nonetheless, several students from CAp were also settled at the higher Conceptual and Procedural levels. We found that most students have not experienced meaningful learning and that the employment of didactic material and implementation of proposals which consider the cognitive structure of the students had a significant effect on the appropriation of several concepts.

A celeridade com que a ciência gera resultados na sociedade moderna torna necessária uma reflexão sobre os limites da aplicação do progresso científico. Essa é a discussão de base de Admirável mundo novo, livro de Aldous Huxley publicado em 1932, que retrata uma futura sociedade tecnológica nos moldes do fordismo. Este artigo estabelece uma relação entre a sociedade tecnocrata atual e a sociedade descrita por Huxley, discutindo a viabilidade dos aspectos técnicos e biológicos das manipulações narradas à luz dos conhecimentos atuais. São também elaboradas algumas considerações bioéticas sobre os procedimentos 'inventados' pelo autor e que já são, ou poderiam ser, desenvolvidos na sociedade moderna.

OBJECTIVE: Genomic instability is a hallmark of malignant tissues. In this work, we aimed to characterize nuclear and mitochondrial instabilities by determining short tandem repeats and somatic mitochondrial mutations, respectively, in a cohort of Brazilian sporadic breast cancer cases. Furthermore, we performed an association analysis of the molecular findings and the clinical pathological data. METHODS: We analyzed 64 matched pairs of breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous breast samples by genotyping 13 nuclear short tandem repeat loci (namely, D2S123, TPOX, D3S1358, D3S1611, FGA, D7S820, TH01, D13S317, D13S790, D16S539, D17S796, intron 12 BRCA1 and intron 1 TP53) that were amplified with the fluorescent AmpFlSTR Identifiler Genotyping system (Applied Biosystems, USA) and by silver nitrate staining following 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Somatic mtDNA mutations in the D-loop site were assessed with direct sequencing of the hypervariable HVI and HVII mitochondrial regions. RESULTS: Half of the cancer tissues presented some nuclear instability. Interestingly, the D13S790 locus was the most frequently affected (36%), while the D2S123 locus presented no alterations. Forty-two percent of the cases showed somatic mitochondrial mutations, the majority at region 303-315 poly-C. We identified associations between Elston grade III, instabilities at 13q31 region (p = 0.0264) and mtDNA mutations (p = 0.0041). Furthermore, instabilities at 13q31 region were also associated with TP53 mutations in the invasive ductal carcinoma cases (p= 0.0207). CONCLUSION: Instabilities at 13q31 region and the presence of somatic mtDNA mutations in a D-loop site correlated with tumor aggressiveness.

Estudo de relato de experiência, das ações cuidativas vivenciadas por enfermeiras na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, cujo objetivo é contribuir no enlace de conhecimentos para o ser-saber-fazer profissional no cuidado à saúde da família. Embasado nas políticas de saúde e na contextualização do atendimento proximal à população como princípio integrador do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Cardiac damage is a frequent manifestation of Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, the deficiency of which has been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Our group has previously demonstrated that Se supplementation prevents myocardial damage during acute T. cruzi infection in mice. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Se treatment in cases of T. cruzi infection using prevention and reversion schemes. In the Se prevention scheme, mice were given Se supplements (2 ppm) starting two weeks prior to inoculation with T. cruzi(Brazil strain) and continuing until 120 days post-infection (dpi). In the Se reversion scheme, mice were treated with Se (4 ppm) for 100 days, starting at 160 dpi. Dilatation of the right ventricle was observed in the infected control group at both phases of T. cruzi infection, but it was not observed in the infected group that received Se treatment. Surviving infected mice that were submitted to the Se reversion scheme presented normal P wave values and reduced inflammation of the pericardium. These data indicate that Se treatment prevents right ventricular chamber increase and thus can be proposed as an adjuvant therapy for cardiac alterations already established by T. cruziinfection.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis. INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity in infants. Widespread use of molecular-based methods has yielded new insights about its etiology, but the impact of viral etiologies on early outcomes is still unclear. METHODS: Seventy-seven infants with bronchiolitis who were under two years of age and visited an emergency unit were included. Using molecular-based methods, samples were tested for 12 different respiratory viruses. Logistic regression models were used to identify clinical and virological variables associated with the main endpoints: hospital admission and ICU admission. RESULTS: We identified at least one virus in 93.5% of patients, and coinfections were found in nearly 40% of patients. RSV was the most common pathogen (63.6%), followed by rhinovirus (39%). Identification of RSV was only associated with an increased risk of hospital admission in the univariate model. Younger age and enterovirus infection were associated with an increased risk of hospital admission, while atopy of a first-degree relative showed a protective effect. Prematurity was associated with an increased risk of admission to the ICU. Coinfections were not associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular-based methods resulted in high rates of viral identification but did not change the significant role of RSV in acute bronchiolitis. Younger age and enterovirus infection were risk factors for hospital admission, while prematurity appeared to be a significant risk factor for admission to the ICU in acute viral bronchiolitis.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a composição bromatológica e os valores energéticos do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja para galinhas poedeiras comerciais. Primeiramente realizaram-se as análises laboratoriais dos referidos ingredientes e um ensaio de metabolismo utilizando oitenta poedeiras, linhagem Lohmann LSL, com 41 semanas de idade, distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições com quatro aves por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta-referência e quatro dietas-testes (40% de milho + 60% de dieta-referência; 40% de farelo de soja + 60% de dieta-referência; 30% de farelo de trigo + 70% de dieta-referência e 10% de óleo bruto de soja + 90% de dieta-referência). As composições bromatológicas do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja foram de 87,83%; 88,36%; 87,15% e 99,98% para matéria seca, 9,77%; 44,47%; 14,48% e 0,74% de proteína bruta, 3,98%; 2,61%; 3,42% e 99,24% de extrato etéreo, 2,34%; 7,33% e 10,81% de fibra bruta, 1,23%; 5,77% e 5,44% de matéria mineral e 3.873; 4.172; 3.878 e 9.851 kcal/kg para energia bruta, respectivamente. Os valores determinados para energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) foram de 3.384; 2.433; 1.919 e 8.313 kcal/kg do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja, respectivamente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Energia metabolizável, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo, milho, óleo bruto de soja, poedeiras comerciais. The objective of this work was to determine the chemistry composition and energy metabolizable of the corn, soybean meal, wheat bean meal and crude oil of soy with laying hens. First was to determine chemistry composition in the ingredients and one assay metabolism with 80 laying hens, Lohmann LSL white lineage, with 41 weeks of age, distributed in the completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications of four laying hens. The treatments were: one diet reference and four test diet (40% corn + 60% reference diet; 40% soy bean meal + 60% reference diet; 30% wheat bean meal + 70% reference diet and 10% crude oil of soy + 90% reference diet) The chemical composition of the corn, soy bean meal, wheat bean meal and crude oil of soy were: 87.83; 88.36; 87.15 and 99.98% for dry matter, 9.77; 44.47; 14.48 and 0.74% of crude protein, 3.98; 2.61; 3.42 and 99.24% in fat, 2.34; 7.33 and 10.81% of fiber crude, 1.23; 5.77 and 5.44% of ash and 3,873; 4,172; 3,878 and 9,851 for crude energy, respectively. The values for AMEn were: 3,384; 2,433; 1,919 and 8,313 kcal/kg of air-dry matter of the corn, soy bean meal, wheat bean meal and crude oil of soy, respectively.KEY WORDS: Crude oil of soy, laying hens, metabolizable energy, soybean meal, wheat meal, Zea may.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endodontic sealer (ES) on bond strength (BS) of prefabricated or milled-CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) glassfiber-posts (GFP). Canals of 90 single-rooted teeth were prepared for filling by the single-cone technique with gutta-percha and one of the following ES: AH Plus (epoxy resin), Endofill (zinc-oxide and eugenol), and Bio-C Sealer (calcium-silicate). After post-space preparation, toothspecimens were equally divided in half according to type of GFP to be used. In the half to receive milled-CAD-CAM posts, tooth specimens were molded with acrylic resin to obtain replicas. These were scanned to enable the laboratory to produce the milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (Fiber CAD Lab, Angelus) by the subtractive technique. The other half of samples received prefabricated GFPs (Exacto, Angelus) (n=15). The GFPs were cemented with dual-cure resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray). Each root was sectioned into two slices per root region (cervical, middle, apical) that were subjected to the push-out BS test, in a universal testing machine. Failure mode (FM) was classified by scores. The BS data were submitted to generalized linear model analyses, while FM was analyzed using the chi-square test (a=0.05). BS showed no significant difference among the three ES (p > 0.05). BS was significantly higher for prefabricated (mean 10.84 MPa) versus milled-CAD-CAM GFPs (mean 6.94 MPa) (p <0.0001), irrespective of ES. The majority showed mixed failures. It could be concluded that type of ES did not affect BS of GFPs to dentin, and prefabricated-GFPs had higher bond-strength than customized-milled-CAD-CAM GFPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Short segment Barrett's esophagus is defined by the presence of RACIONAL: Esôfago de Barrett de segmento curto é definido pela presença de mucosa semelhante à gástrica no esôfago distal, extensão

Extracts of the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) are widely consumed in folkloric medicine in Brazil and several other countries without any genetic toxicity evaluation. In this study we investigated, the clastogenic and cytotoxic potential of the crude aqueous extract of the fruits of C. ferrea in Wistar rat bone marrow cells using the micronucleus and chromosomal aberration test systems. The animals were treated by gavage with 3 concentrations of the extract, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg. Bone marrow cells were collected 24 h after the treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), mean number of chromosomal aberrations or mitotic index (MI) for the 3 concentrations compared with negative control suggesting that the crude aqueous extract from the fruits of the C. ferrea has no clastogenic and cytotoxic effect in Wistar rat bone marrow cells.

Botulismo é uma intoxicação causada pela ingestão das toxinas produzidas pelo Clostridium botulinum, que acomete mamíferos e aves. Neste trabalho é descrito um surto de botulismo em ruminantes, ocorrido em duas propriedades localizadas no município de Patos, no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Em uma das propriedades, de um total de 88 bovinos, 85 (96,6%) vieram a óbito. Na segunda, morreram 145 ovinos (96,7%), 233 caprinos (57,8%) e 30 bovinos (96,8%). Os animais acometidos apresentavam paralisia progressiva, dificuldade de locomoção, sialorréia e dispnéia. A morte ocorreu entre 24 e 48 horas após o início dos sinais, por parada cardio-respiratória. Nenhuma alteração significativa foi observada no exame post-mortem. O diagnóstico de botulismo foi confirmado pela demonstração das toxinas C e D no conteúdo intestinal e na cama-de-frango utilizada na alimentação dos animais, pela técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos.Botulism is a poisoning caused by the ingestion of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, that infects mammals and birds. This article reports an outbreak of botulism in two different flocks of ruminants at Paraíba, Brazil. In one, 85 out of 88 (96.6%) cattles died. In the other, 145 (96.7%) sheeps, 233 (57.8%) goats and 30 (96.8%) cattles died. Clinical signs were progressive paralysis, difficulties in moving, sialorrhoe and dyspnoe. Death occurred 24 to 48 hours after the beginning of clinic signs and at post-mortem examination no noteable changes were observed. Type C and D toxins were demonstrated in the intestinal contents and poultry litter by neutralization test in mice.

CONTEXT: Human DNA identification is a powerful tool for paternity cases as well as for criminal investigation, in which biological evidence is typed after collection from crime scenes and for the identification of human remains. OBJECTIVE: Identification of a criminal in a rape case with 4 suspects using STR and VNTR DNA analysis. TYPE OF STUDY: Forensic DNA analysis. SETTING: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Blood from 4 suspects and the victim, and skin from the fetus. PROCEDURES: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: Three of the suspects were excluded and one of them was identified as the biological father of the fetus after typing with CTT and FFv Multiplexes. Complementary DNA typing at 3 VNTR loci was also carried out. CONCLUSIONS: After typing four suspects using 6 STR loci, one of them was identified as the biological father of the fetus. In order to significantly enhance the Combined Paternity Index (PI), complementary DNA typing in 3 VNTR loci was carried out. The included suspect was found to be the biological father with a PI of 412,860 (Probability of Paternity: 99.9997%).

The objective of this research was to economically analyze the effect of different levels of inclusion of tomatoes and guava residues on ration for laying hens. To it, 360 DekalbWhite hens with 30 weeks of age have been used. The birds have been distributed in a totally randomized design with nine treatments and five repetitions of eight birds per parcel. The treatments had: a reference ration and another eight rations with increasing levels of residues, being four of them with tomatoes residues(5, 10, 15 and 20%) and four with the guava residues (2, 4, 6 and 8%). The experimental period had 63 days, divided in three cycles of 21 days each. The parameters analyzed were: accumulated consumption (kg), egg production (units), ration cost (R$/kg), crude income (R$), feeding cost (R$), markup (R$) and profitability index (%). The levels 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato residues in ration, allowed an economy of R$26,00; 53,00; 79,00 and 106,00/ton of ration, respectively, in relation to the reference ration. With 5% inclusion of tomato residues in birds feeding, it has been observed: higher production, less consumption, less feeding cost, higher markup and profitability index. For guava residues the economy per ton of ration was only of R$1,00; 2,00; 4,00 and 5,00/ton for the levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8%, respectively. For the other variables it has not been observed any effect, in such a way, its maximum inclusion can be made, since it has had an oil supplementation.Analisou-se economicamente o efeito dos diferentes níveis de inclusão dos resíduos de tomate (RT) e goiaba (RG) na ração de galinhas poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 360 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Dekalb White com 30 semanas de idades. As aves foram distribuídas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves. Os tratamentos foram uma ração referência e mais oito rações com níveis crescentes dos resíduos, quatro com RT (5, 10, 15, e 20%) e quatro com o RG (2, 4, 6, e 8%). O período experimental foi de 63 dias, divididos em três ciclos de 21 dias cada. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo acumulado (kg); produção de ovos (unidades); preço da ração (R$/kg); renda bruta (R$); custo com alimentação (R$); margem de lucro (R$); índice de lucratividade (%). Os níveis 5, 10, 15 e 20% de RT na ração proporcionaram uma economia de R$ 26,00; 53,00; 79,00 e 106,00/tonelada de ração, respectivamente, em relação à ração referência. Com a inclusão de 5% do RT na alimentação das aves, verificou-se maior produção, menor consumo, menor custo de alimentação, maior margem de lucro e índice de lucratividade. Para o RG, a economia por tonelada de ração foi de R$ 1,00; 2,00; 4,00 e 5,00/tonelada para os níveis de 2, 4, 6 e 8%, respectivamente. Para as demais variáveis, não se observou efeito e, dessa forma, a inclusão máxima pode ser feita.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a composição bromatológica e os valores energéticos do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja para galinhas poedeiras comerciais. Primeiramente realizaram-se as análises laboratoriais dos referidos ingredientes e um ensaio de metabolismo utilizando oitenta poedeiras, linhagem Lohmann LSL, com 41 semanas de idade, distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições com quatro aves por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta-referência e quatro dietas-testes (40% de milho + 60% de dieta-referência; 40% de farelo de soja + 60% de dieta-referência; 30% de farelo de trigo + 70% de dieta-referência e 10% de óleo bruto de soja + 90% de dieta-referência). As composições bromatológicas do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja foram de 87,83%; 88,36%; 87,15% e 99,98% para matéria seca, 9,77%; 44,47%; 14,48% e 0,74% de proteína bruta, 3,98%; 2,61%; 3,42% e 99,24% de extrato etéreo, 2,34%; 7,33% e 10,81% de fibra bruta, 1,23%; 5,77% e 5,44% de matéria mineral e 3.873; 4.172; 3.878 e 9.851 kcal/kg para energia bruta, respectivamente. Os valores determinados para energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) foram de 3.384; 2.433; 1.919 e 8.313 kcal/kg do milho, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo e óleo bruto de soja, respectivamente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Energia metabolizável, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo, milho, óleo bruto de soja, poedeiras comerciais.

BACKGROUND: The solid-cystic tumor of the pancreas is rare, and had several names, including "papillary cystic tumor," "solid cystic tumor," "solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm." About 90% of cases are found in young women, measuring between seven and 20 cm in diameter, with 40% of them in the head, tail 32% and 28% in the body. CASE REPORT: Woman of 29 years was admitted for investigation of strong and persistent pain in right hypochondrium. It was performed ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography, showing lobulated mass with the consistency of soft parts in the tail of the pancreas, peripheral capsular enhancement and hypovascular center measuring 5.5x5,5x5,0 cm. MRI better defined, with intermediate signal on T1 and T2, small scattered foci of low signal on T2 and peripheral enhancement by gadolinium, suggesting tumor Frantz. She underwent parcial pancreatectomy and total splenectomy. Macroscopic and microscopic findings suggested, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Should be considered this tumor in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in young women.INTRODUÇÃO: O tumor sólido-cístico do pâncreas é raro, e teve várias denominações, entre elas "tumor cístico papilar", "tumor cístico sólido", "neoplasia epitelial sólida e papilar". Cerca de 90% dos casos são encontrados em mulheres jovens, medindo entre sete a 20 centímetros de diâmetro, estando 40% deles na cabeça, 32% na cauda e 28% no corpo. RELATO DO CASO: Mulher de 29 anos foi admitida para investigação de fortes e persistentes dores em hipocôndrio direito. Foram realizados ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada de abdome, mostrando massa lobulada, com consistência de partes moles na cauda do pâncreas, realce capsular periférico e centro hipovascular medindo 5,5x5,5x5,0 cm. A ressonância magnética definiu melhor, com sinal intermediário em T1 e T2, pequenos focos esparsos de hipossinal em T2 e realce periférico pelo gadolíneo, sugerindo tumor de Frantz. Foi submetida à pancreatectomia caudal e esplenectomia total. Achados anatomopatógicos macroscópicos e microscópicos sugeriram, e o estudo imunoistoquímico confirmou o diagnóstico CONCLUSÃO: Deve-se considerar esta neoplasia no diagnóstico diferencial de massas abdominais em mulheres jovens.

Botulismo é uma intoxicação causada pela ingestão das toxinas produzidas pelo Clostridium botulinum, que acomete mamíferos e aves, caracterizando-se por um quadro de paralisia flácida. Neste trabalho, é descrito um caso de botulismo em ganso, ocorrido no município de Santa Luzia, região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Ao exame clínico, o animal apresentava-se com um quadro de paralisia flácida dos músculos do pescoço, das pernas e asas, além de apresentar ainda desprendimento de penas. A necropsia não revelou lesões significativas. Foi colhido o soro do animal e submetido ao teste de soroneutralização em camundongo, que identificou a toxina de C. botulinum tipo C.Botulism is an intoxication caused by the ingestion of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, that affects mammals and birds, characterized by a flaceid paralysis. This report describes a case of botulism in a goose in Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Clinical examinations showed dropping feathers and flaccid paralysis involving the muscles of the wings, legs and neck. post-mortem examination showed no significant gross or macroscopic lesions C. botulinum type C toxin was demonstrated in the serum of the affected animal through serum neutralization test in mice.

Para a determinação de anti-estreptolisina "O" e proteína C reativa, no município de Laranjal-PR, foram analisados soros de 411 escolares, entre 5 a 16 anos. Para anti-estreptolisina "O", 13,6% tiveram títulos elevados e 5,1% foram reativos para proteína C reativa. Não foram observadas diferenças em relação ao sexo e faixa etária.

Resumo: Discutimos o impacto da utilização da ficção científica, associada ao enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), no desenvolvimento crítico dos alunos e o consequente despertar para o exercício da cidadania. Para tal, aplicamos uma sequência didática para alunos do ensino Médio, baseada na obra Admirável mundo novo, em uma perspectiva Freireana. A atividade é fundamentada na discussão, a partir de material de apoio preparado para os temas CTS destacados da obra: consumismo, uso de drogas, manipulação genética e exclusão social. A intervenção foi avaliada por meio de questionário. Verificamos o desenvolvimento do senso crítico dos alunos através das relações das temáticas CTS da sociedade contemporânea com a sociedade criada por Aldous Huxley em 1932. Os alunos perceberam a atividade como interdisciplinar, relacionando os temas abordados com várias disciplinas, e valorizaram a prática pedagógica alternativa. Os estudantes também reconheceram que as temáticas expostas e debatidas relacionam-se não só à vida em sociedade como à condição existencial humana.

In an investigation of suspected rape, proof of sexual assault with penetration is required. In view of this, detailed descriptions of the genitalia, the thighs and pubic region are made within the forensic medical service. In addition, vaginal swabs are taken from the rape victim and some of the biological material collected is then transferred to glass slides. In this report, we describe two rape cases solved using DNA typing from cells recovered from vaginal smear slides. In 1999, two young women informed the Rio de Janeiro Police Department that they had been victims of sexual assaults. A suspect was arrested and the victims identified him as the offender. The suspect maintained that he was innocent. In order to elucidate these crimes, vaginal smear slides were sent to the DNA Diagnostic Laboratory for DNA analysis three months after the crimes, as unique forensic evidence. To get enough epithelial and sperm cells to perform DNA analysis, we used protocols modified from the previously standard protocols used for DNA extraction from biological material fixed on glass slides. The quantity of cells was sufficient to perform human DNA typing using nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci. It was 3.3 billion times more probable that it was the examined suspect who had left sperm cells in the victims, rather than any other individual in the population of Rio de Janeiro.