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Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) mainly affects women (sex ratio 1/10) and most often starts during adolescence. The prognosis of AN remains poor (10% of deaths and high risk of chronicity). Body dissatisfaction, disturbances in recognition and identification of body sensations are some of the key symptoms of AN. However, there is a contrast between this consensual observation of body image disorders in AN, and the relative deficit of specifically targeted body treatments. Our proposal for a body approach specifically dedicated to AN is based on the understanding that posture, breathing, muscle tension and body perception are closely linked to our psychological and emotional state and are therefore disturbed in patients with AN. The purpose of this monocentric randomized controlled trial is to evaluate if a targeted osteopathic protocol treatment for AN in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) is significantly more effective than TAU alone. Methods In total, 72 patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: one receiving the specific osteopathic treatment targeted for AN in addition to the TAU (group A) and the other one, receiving TAU only (group B). The patients in group A will receive 5 30-min osteopathic treatment sessions. Soft specific palpatory techniques on the diaphragm, digestive system and cervical region will be performed. The TAU is defined by the multidisciplinary approach recommended by the French health high authority. The primary outcome is the evaluation of interoceptive sensibility and secondary outcomes include clinical and psychopathology-related symptoms with assessment of somatic dysfunctions’ evolution. A qualitative study will also be carried out, applying the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. Patients will be included for a maximum of 14 weeks between the inclusion time and the last evaluation. Discussion If the results of the study are positive (statistically significant efficacy of this osteopathic treatment protocol), the study will provide arguments in favor of osteopathic sessions as a possible non-invasive additional treatment option in the multidisciplinary care approach for patients with AN. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04666415 , Release Date: December 11, 2020; N° ID-RCB: 2019-A02613-54.

Summary: Background: Assessing the burden of antimicrobial resistance is essential to determine the magnitude of this problem and to set its priority. We aimed to estimate the burden of disease caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) in hospitalised patients in Spain. Methods: Three prospective nationwide studies were conducted in 2018, 2019 and 2023. All patients with a new diagnosis of infection with any of 10 selected MDROs plus Clostridioides difficile during the study period (one week in 2018 and 2019 and two weeks in 2023) were included. Patient demographic, and clinical outcomes were analysed, including incidence, crude all-cause 30-day mortality and years of life lost (YLL). These results were used to calculate weighted and seasonally adjusted annual estimates for the whole country. Findings: In total, 82, 133 and 130 centres participated in the study in 2018, 2019 and 2023, respectively, recording a total of 907, 1392 and 2351 MDRO infections, representing a weighted incidence density of 3.54 (95% CI 2.92–4.17), 5.01 (3.95–6.07), and 4.41 (3.55–5.27) cases/1000 stays, respectively. A total of 161, 198 and 352 patients died with an MDRO infection, representing a weighted incidence density of 0.46 (0.16–0.76), 0.43 (0.17–0.69), and 0.62 (0.52–0.72) deaths/1000 stays, respectively. Based on these data, a nationwide occurrence of 155,294 MDRO infections (95% CI 127,928–182,569) with 20,065 deaths (6938–32,958) was estimated for 2018, 210,451 MDRO infections (165,963–254,975) with 17,982 deaths (7071–28,700) for 2019, and 173,653 MDRO infections (139,814–207258) with 24,582 deaths (20,461–28,796) for 2023. Interpretation: The burden of disease caused by MDRO infections among hospitalised patients in Spain is very high and remains stable over the study period. National actions to combat bacterial resistance need to be intensified. Funding: The management costs of this study were funded by the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC). Researchers have participated voluntarily and none of the investigators received funding for conducting the study.

El consumo de pornografía resulta un problema creciente entre adolescentes e incluso niños y niñas, al punto de convertirse, en muchos casos, en una adicción. Estudios recientes indican que la exposición a este contenido se inicia antes de la pubertad, lo que plantea serias preocupaciones sobre su impacto en el desarrollo y bienestar de la juventud, así como en su socialización y concepción respecto a la igualdad entre los sexos. En este artículo se presentarán los resultados de un estudio realizado con 647 estudiantes de la Universidad de La Rioja (España), en el que se evalúan tanto sus patrones de consumo de pornografía como su percepción y satisfacción con la educación sexual recibida. Se manifiesta la ausencia de esta formación, así como el descontento total o parcial generalizado respecto a ella cuando existe. Asimismo, se observa un consumo elevado de pornografía, sobre todo en el caso de los hombres, lo que en ausencia de una adecuada educación sexual se convierte en una fuente de información distorsionada.

Background: Few population-based studies have evaluated the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). Changes in population demographics and guidelines on IE may have affected both the incidence and outcomes of IE. Therefore, the aim of our study is to provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of IE in Spain. Methods: Retrospective nationwide observational study using data from the Spanish National Health System Discharge Database. We included all patients hospitalized with IE from January 2000 to December 2019. Results: A total of 64,550 IE episodes were included. The incidence of IE rose from 5.25 cases/100,000 person-year in 2000 to 7.21 in 2019, with a 2% annual percentage change (95% CI 1.3–2.6). IE incidence was higher among those aged 85 or older (43.5 cases/100.000 person-years). Trends across the study period varied with sex and age.Patients with IE were progressively older (63.9 years in 2000–2004 to 70.0 in 2015–2019, p

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems open up alternative paths for air conditioning to increase the range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) by reducing power consumption. The central prerequisites for this purpose are high storage densities: high-temperature TES systems are being focused on for heat demands, while effective solutions for cooling are missing. Due to their lower temperature potentials, concepts with high storage capacities and heat transports between the storage and cold transferring medium are needed. Latent TES systems based on water enable these capacities but require adequate internal structures for effective heat transfer. Due to the large number of geometric options, high simulation efforts must be conducted to identify favored structures, or the possible design space must be limited for investigations. For this purpose and for the first time, an alternative way is presented using newly developed dimensionless models in a top-down methodology for time-efficient design studies and evaluations. These models were successfully validated and used as a design tool to identify effective structures in latent TES systems for cooling demands in BEVs. A wide array of variation studies on tube, finned plate and novel Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures were performed and uniformly evaluated with regard to storage densities, cooling efficiencies and geometry. The results show high storage densities for novel TPMS structures, including the enclosure of 100 Wh/kg or 102.2 kWh/m3 with average cooling capacities of 1 kW over 30 min, confirming the usability of latent TES systems in terms of compactness and efficiency for cooling demands in BEVs.

El embarazo, especialmente el tercer trimestre, incrementa notablemente el riesgo de rotura de los aneurismas esplénicos. Cuando esto ocurre, se desencadena un cuadro clínico grave manifestado principalmente como un dolor abdominal agudo acompañado de inestabilidad hemodinámica. A pesar de la gran morbimortalidad tanto materna como fetal que esto conlleva, no existe hoy en día consenso sobre su manejo óptimo. Se presenta el caso de una secundigesta a la que se diagnostica de manera incidental un aneurisma en la arteria esplénica durante el segundo trimestre de gestación. Tras confirmarse dicho diagnóstico mediante resonancia magnética, se decide realizar una esplenectomía programada vía laparotómica en semana 24+2. La evolución maternofetal posterior fue favorable hasta la semana 40 en la que se produjo un parto eutócico. Los aneurismas esplénicos deben tratarse en todas las gestantes, independientemente de su tamaño o sintomatología, pues el beneficio supera los riesgos que supone una cirugía programada.

Abstract Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are currently considered typical microorganisms causing infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with prosthetic valves. The objective was to determine variables associated with IE in patients with CoNS bacteremia. We performed an analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with CoNS bacteremia admitted to a university hospital in Madrid (Spain) from 2021 to December 2022 according to the occurrence of IE. This study is an evaluation of a bacteremia registry. During the study period, 106 patients with CoNS bacteremia were detected. In 85 patients an echocardiogram was performed during hospital admission to rule out IE. Among them, 12 episodes were detected that met IE criteria (14.2%). Of the 6 patients with heart valve prostheses, 5 patients (83.3%) had IE (p

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of medical imaging and has the potential to bring medicine from the era of ‘sick-care’ to the era of healthcare and prevention. The development of AI requires access to large, complete, and harmonized real-world datasets, representative of the population, and disease diversity. However, to date, efforts are fragmented, based on single–institution, size-limited, and annotation-limited datasets. Available public datasets (e.g., The Cancer Imaging Archive, TCIA, USA) are limited in scope, making model generalizability really difficult. In this direction, five European Union projects are currently working on the development of big data infrastructures that will enable European, ethically and General Data Protection Regulation-compliant, quality-controlled, cancer-related, medical imaging platforms, in which both large-scale data and AI algorithms will coexist. The vision is to create sustainable AI cloud-based platforms for the development, implementation, verification, and validation of trustable, usable, and reliable AI models for addressing specific unmet needs regarding cancer care provision. In this paper, we present an overview of the development efforts highlighting challenges and approaches selected providing valuable feedback to future attempts in the area. Key points • Artificial intelligence models for health imaging require access to large amounts of harmonized imaging data and metadata. • Main infrastructures adopted either collect centrally anonymized data or enable access to pseudonymized distributed data. • Developing a common data model for storing all relevant information is a challenge. • Trust of data providers in data sharing initiatives is essential. • An online European Union meta-tool-repository is a necessity minimizing effort duplication for the various projects in the area.

Background: The aim of the PSICE (Evidence-based Psychology in Educational Contexts) Project is to examine the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Adolescents (UP-A) with symptoms of anxiety and depression in school settings. The goal is to prevent emotional problems and to improve adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment, learning processes, and academic performance. Method: A randomized controlled trial with two groups will be performed: active control (progressive relaxation training) and experimental (UP-A). After screening, participants with subclinical emotional symptomatology will be selected for pre- and post-test evaluation and follow-up at 6, 12, and 18 months. Results: The impact of different indicators at behavioral, cognitive, affective, social and academic functioning levels will be analyzed, as well as their effects in the short, medium and long term. Conclusions: Examining the effectiveness of the UP-A in the Spanish educational context will, among other things, provide data for informed decision-making in the field of educational psychology. In addition, it will ensure that such interventions, using standardized protocols, are accessible to a large population at such an important stage of human development as adolescence. The PSICE project will provide leadership and guidance on the importance of psychology in schools.

This exploratory study measures the impact on law enforcement as it relates to police officers responding to opioid drug overdoses. A brief survey was developed to explore how responding to opioid overdoses impacted police officers’ personal and professional lives. The results indicate that 59% of the police officers surveyed (n=262) had responded to an opioid overdose while on duty and 46% (n=204) involved a fatal overdose. Data showed that 32.7% (n=139) of the officers indicated they felt uneasy regarding the potentially adverse effects of responding to an opioid overdose and 31.8% (n=135) experienced a heightened awareness of the danger to themselves or other family members. A preliminary examination of the data indicates that opioid overdose calls may be problematic for law enforcement, provoking anxiety and impacting their family lives. The limited study revealed a small percentage of officers experienced hopelessness or feelings that responding to opioid overdose incidents is futile. Post reactions such as anxiety were documented after administering Narcan® to victims of an overdose when children were present. There is a need for further research to gather additional data. At the time of this study, the use of Narcan by law enforcement was rare. Future research is recommended in assessing the anxiety level of officers administering Narcan versus other life-saving activities.

Introduction The evaluation of staging and activity of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is used to adjust the type and duration of antifungal therapy (AT). Typically anatomy-based imaging is used. Positron emission tomography/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) not only evaluates more than one body area in one session, but adds functional information to the anatomic data provided by usual imaging techniques and can potentially improve staging of IFI and monitoring of the response to therapy. Our objective is to analyse the impact of the systematic use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI diagnostic and therapeutic management.Methods and analysis Multicentre prospective cohort study of IFI with performance of systematic 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis and follow-up that will be carried out in 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals. It is planned to include 224 patients with IFI over a 2-year study period. Findings and changes in management before and after 18F-FDG PET/CT will be compared. Additionally, the association of initial quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with response to therapy will be evaluated.The primary endpoint is to compare the yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT with standard management without 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI at initial assessment (staging) and in monitoring the response to treatment.The impact of the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the diagnostic-therapeutic management of patients with IFI (added value), as well as the prognostic ability of different quantification parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT will be secondary endpoints.Ethics and dissemination The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital approved the protocol of the study at the primary site. We plan to publish the results in high-impact journals.Trial registration number NCT05688592.

SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests are commonly used point-of-care tests and provide rapid results but lack sensitivity. Here, the authors present a new point-of-care approach for COVID-19 diagnosis, “ADESSO”, which outperforms antigen tests on clinical samples and can be quickly adapted for different variants.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a complication of hematologic malignancy therapy. An early diagnosis would allow optimization of antimicrobials. The 18F-FDG-PET-CT may be useful; however, its role is not well established. We analyzed retrospectively patients with hematological malignancies who underwent 18F-FDG-PET-CT as part of FN management in our university hospital and compared with conventional imaging. In addition, we performed a systematic review of the literature assessing the usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET-CT in FN. A total of 24 cases of FN underwent 18F-FDG-PET-CT. In addition, 92% had conventional CT. In 5/24 episodes (21%), the fever was of infectious etiology: two were bacterial, two were fungal, and one was parasitic. When compared with conventional imaging, 18F-FDG-PET-CT had an added value in 20 cases (83%): it diagnosed a new site of infection in 4 patients (17%), excluded infection in 16 (67%), and helped modify antimicrobials in 16 (67%). Antimicrobials could be discontinued in 10 (41.6%). We identified seven publications of low quality and one randomized trial. Our results support those of the literature. The available data suggest that 18F-FDG-PET-CT is useful in the management of FN, especially to diagnose fungal infections and rationalize antimicrobials. This review points out the low level of evidence and indicates the gaps in knowledge.

Background: Hemolacria or the presence of blood in tears is a rare condition, and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. Hemolacria is associated with multiple underlying diseases, including vicarious menstruation due to extragenital endometriosis. Case report: We present a 26-year-old woman with hemolacria and abdominal pain related to her menstrual cycle. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral ovarian endometriomas. After ruling out other possible causes of hemolacria, a progestin-only treatment was applied, with improvement of the abdominal pain and complete remission of hemolacria. Conclusions: When faced with hemolacria, a thorough anamnesis and physical examination must be performed, sometimes involving more than one specialist to reach a diagnosis. Considering hemolacria is a sign of a subjacent pathology, its treatment should be specific one for the disease in each case.

La biblioclastia es la destrucción de libros y material bibliográfico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los métodos y los contextos históricos de la destrucción intencional de libros en los siglos XX y XXl a través de una revisión sistematizada de la literatura. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en: Scopus, Core, Google Scholar, Repositorios Latinoamericanos, Web of Science, Springer, Oxford, Unesco, E-lis, La Referencia, Jstor y Dialnet. Se seleccionaron 27 documentos para su análisis, a partir del cual se establecieron dos contextos en los que se produce la biblioclastia: Conflicto y No conflicto. Además, se identificaron tres técnicas con las que se destruyen los libros: Quema, Destrucción manual y Trituración. Se concluye que en el contexto Conflicto la causa principal de la biblioclastia es la censura por lo que representa el libro como medio de libertad de expresión. En el contexto No conflicto la destrucción es por motivos artísticos, vandálicos o por seguridad sanitaria. El método más usado es la quema de libros, relacionado con los contextos de conflictos y de seguridad (pandemia). Otros métodos fueron usados en menor medida, como la trituración. = Abstract: Biblioclasty is the destruction of books and bibliographic material. The objective of this research was to identify the methods and historical contexts of the intentional destruction of books in the 20th and 21st centuries through a systematized literature review. A bibliographic search was conducted in the databases Scopus, Core, Google Scholar, Repositorios Latinoamericanos, Web of Science, Springer, Oxford, Unesco, E-lis, La Referencia, Jstor y Dialnet. 27 documents were selected for analysis, from which two contexts were established in which biblioclasty occurs: Conflict and Non-conflict. In addition, three techniques with which books are destroyed were identified: Burning, Manual Destruction, and Shredding. It is concluded that in the conflict context, the main cause of biblioclasty is censorship because of what the book represents as a means of freedom of expression. In the non-conflict context the destruction is for artistic reasons, vandalism or for health security. The most used method is book burning, related to conflict and security contexts (pandemic). Other methods were used to a lesser extent such as crushing.

The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale (M-CTS) in adolescents. The M-CTS is a questionnaire that screens for intimate partner violence. Additionally, we studied the association between the M-CTS and attitudes towards violence. The study included a sample of 1248 students in a cross-sectional survey. The M-CTS and the Attitudes Towards Violence (EAV) scale were used. The analysis of the internal structure of the M-CTS revealed that a four-factor structure was the best fitting solution. The M-CTS scores revealed evidence of structural equivalence by gender and age. The McDonald’s Omega indices were adequate for both victims and perpetrators models. Moreover, attitudes towards violence were positively correlated with measures of violence manifestations. Results found in the present study confirm the psychometric adequacy of the M-CTS scores and gather new evidence about its internal structure and measurement equivalence for its use in samples of adolescent and young students. The assessment of intimate partner violence may contribute to detect adolescents at risk for different forms of violence in the future.

The growth rate of non-enhancing low-grade glioma has prognostic value for both malignant progression and survival, but quantification of growth is difficult due to the irregular shape of the tumor. Volumetric assessment could provide a reliable quantification of tumor growth, but is only feasible if fully automated. Recent advances in automated tumor segmentation have made such a volume quantification possible, and this work describes the clinical implementation of automated volume quantification in an application named EASE: Erasmus Automated SEgmentation. The visual quality control of segmentations by the radiologist is an important step in this process, as errors in the segmentation are still possible. Additionally, to ensure patient safety and quality of care, protocols were established for the usage of volume measurements in clinical diagnosis and for future updates to the algorithm. Upon the introduction of EASE into clinical practice, we evaluated the individual segmentation success rate and impact on diagnosis. In its first 3 months of usage, it was applied to a total of 55 patients, and in 36 of those the radiologist was able to make a volume-based diagnosis using three successful consecutive measurements from EASE. In all cases the volume-based diagnosis was in line with the conventional visual diagnosis. This first cautious introduction of EASE in our clinic is a valuable step in the translation of automatic segmentation methods to clinical practice.

Severely ill COVID-19 patients are at high risk of nosocomial infections. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of candidemia during the pre-pandemic period (January 2019–February 2020) compared to the pandemic period (March 2020–September 2021). Antifungal susceptibilities were assessed using the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 broth dilution method. Fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates (FRCP) were studied for sequencing of the ERG11 gene. The incidence of candidemia and C. parapsilosis bloodstream infection increased significantly in the pandemic period (p = 0.021). ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition and corticosteroids administration were more frequent in patients with candidemia who had been admitted due to COVID-19. Fifteen cases of FRCP fungemia were detected. The first case was recorded 10 months before the pandemic in a patient transferred from another hospital. The incidence of FRCP in patients admitted for COVID-19 was 1.34 and 0.16 in all other patients (p < 0.001). ICU admission, previous Candida spp. colonization, arterial catheter use, parenteral nutrition and renal function replacement therapy were more frequent in patients with candidemia due to FRCP. All FRCP isolates showed the Y132F mutation. In conclusion, the incidence of candidemia experienced an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic and FRCP fungemia was more frequent in patients admitted due to COVID-19.

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer leading half of the patients to death within 8–10 months after diagnosis. Kinins are peptides that interact with B1 and B2 receptors playing diverse biological roles. We investigated whether treatment with B1 receptor agonist, des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), has effects in lung metastasis establishment after melanoma induction in mice. We found a lower number of metastatic colonies in lungs of DABK-treated mice, reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and increased CD8+T-cell recruitment to the metastatic area compared to animals that did not receive treatment. To understand whether the effects of DABK observed were due to the activation of the B1 receptor in the tumor cells or in the host, we treated wild-type (WT) and kinin B1 receptor knockout (B1−/−) mice with DABK. No significant differences in the number of melanoma colonies established in lungs were seen between WT and B1−/−mice; however, B1−/−mice presented higher VCAM-1 expression and lower CD8+T-cell infiltration. In conclusion, we believe that activation of kinin B1 receptor by its agonist in the host stimulates the immune response more efficiently, promoting CD8+T-cell recruitment to the metastatic lungs and interfering in VCAM-1 expression. Moreover, treatment with DABK reduced establishment of metastatic colonies by mainly acting on tumor cells; hence, this study brings insights to explore novel approaches to treat metastatic melanoma targeting the B1 receptor.

La solidaridad necesita un esfuerzo especial por conseguir eficacia en su comunicación estratégica. En el marco de investigación de la Comunicación y las Ciencias Sociales, esta cuestión es un objeto de estudio. Sin embargo, para el Tercer Sector de Acción Social (TSAS), surge la duda de si están funcionando correctamente las herramientas de la web 2.0 y 3.0. Para responder a esta pregunta, se fundó en 2007 Solidarydar.org, un proyecto experimental de aprendizaje y servicio con la misión de dinamizar la comunicación digital de las causas sociales por medio de la creatividad publicitaria y la investigación en comunicación social digital. Es un espacio de encuentro entre las organizaciones del TSAS y los alumnos de Publicidad. El trabajo cuenta con una dinámica de colaboración de la Universidad con el TSAS para la realización de comunicación social digital. Se ha construido un soporte web multicanal consistente en una página web y en perfiles en diversas redes sociales; estas han ofrecido un buen rendimiento de audiencias en la comunicación de las campañas de comunicación de las ocho ediciones del Festival Universitario Solidarydar.org y las Jornadas de publicidad social. Se han hecho más de 150 campañas publicitarias para más de cincuenta organizaciones.

El presente artículo pretende reflexionar sobre los procesos de diseño de políticas públicas, particularmente de comunicación, respecto a un eje en particular: la participación ciudadana. Para ello, se tomará el caso de la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual Nº 26.522 (LSCA) del año 2009 como ejemplo de una política pública de comunicación en la que tuvo lugar la participación ciudadana formando un antecedente inédito en el campo de regulación del sistema de medios de nuestro país. A los fines analíticos se abordará esa categoría en dos fases: la formulación del proyecto de ley y su tratamiento en la Cámara de Diputados del año 2009.

El trabajo busca visibilizar una forma de la inseguridad ciudadana aun no analizada en profundidad: aquella en el transporte público. Si bien, la vulneración de la seguridad es un condicionante socioeconómico y espacial que limita el acceso a los bienes, servicios, actividades y oportunidades ofrecidas por las ciudades, tanto a mujeres como a varones, su percepción y experiencia son dos dimensiones de la inseguridad que tienen un efecto diferente sobre las mujeres. A partir de una exploración sobre las diferencias en la percepción de inseguridad y en la efectiva victimización de usuarias y usuarios del transporte público en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba), se indaga en las estrategias de movilidad cotidiana de las mujeres vinculadas con la inseguridad como problema en el transporte público. Se presenta evidencia —basada en información primaria cualicuantitativa y relevada en el marco del estudio comparativo latinoamericano “Ella se mueve segura”— sobre el desempeño de la inseguridad como condicionante de género, y sobre una forma de violencia —el acoso— que afecta especialmente a las mujeres. Con esto se quiere aportar a desnaturalizar comportamientos cotidianos que colaboran en sostener desigualdades en el espacio urbano y en el transporte, y por su intermedio, en el derecho a la ciudad.

Gender-based violence has moved from being understood as a private matter to social problem. This manifestation of discrimination, inequality and power of men over women in the context of relationships is condemn in our country by the Law on Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence 1/2004 of December 28.However, prostitution which has its foundations in the same patriarchal structure has no specific legislation that highlights this fact and condemns it. In our paper, taking as an example the Organic Law 1/2004, we developed a proposal justified on the actions that should be carried out at this respect. We mainly focus on three issues: equal education; discourage demand and protection and assistance to victims. We also bear in mind the need of social intolerance and legal condemnation in relation to the people who get benefits from the exploitation of others. La violencia de género ha pasado de ser considerada un asunto privado a entenderse como un problema social. Esta manifestación de discriminación, desigualdad y poder de los hombres sobre las mujeres en el marco de las relaciones de pareja es condenada en nuestro país por la Ley Orgánica de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género 1/2004 de 28 de diciembre.Sin embargo, la prostitución, que hunde sus cimientos en la misma estructura patriarcal en la que se asienta la violencia de género, carece de una legislación específica que ponga de manifiesto esta relación y la condene. En este trabajo tomando como ejemplo la Ley Orgánica 1/2004 de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género, elaboramos una propuesta justificada sobre las actuaciones que deberían abordarse al hacer frente a esta problemática. Nos centramos principalmente en tres cuestiones que consideramos básicas: educación en igualdad; desincentivación de la demanda; protección y ayuda a las víctimas. Además, resulta imprescindible la construcción de entorno caracterizado por la intolerancia y condena jurídica a las personas que se benefician de la explotación ajena. No es objeto de este estudio la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual que tiene otra consideración y tratamiento jurídico. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FORM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2611594

The social debate on prostitution is polarized into two basic viewpoints or positions: abolition and regulation. These stances emerge from the Social representations of the people who participate in the debate. The aim of this study is to offer an approach to measure the social representation on the topic of prostitution in young university students using the group discussion technique. Four women's discussion groups, four men's groups and one mixed sex group were formed. The content analysis, made with the software Nvivo10, reveals the presence of both stances in the emerging social representation of the students and provides a common framework of definition.In the discussion groups, the focus is on women prostitutes staying hidden away, men as the consumer and the patriarchal model of sexuality that persists. The themes of economics and employment also form an important part of the discussions. The arguments against prostitution are articulated around: (1) stigma and degradation of women, (2) the lack of ethical legitimacy, (3) it's never a free choice for the women nor legitimate for the men f. The arguments in favour are articulated around: (1) It's an agreement between people who are free to choose, (2) it fulfils a social function, (3) it's neither degrading nor ethically reprehensible for women. The analysis of these discourses is essential for an adequate social pedagogy aimed at promoting gender equality values and shedding light on positions of power in gender relations.

BACKGROUND:Qigong is a mind-body intervention focusing on interoceptive awareness that appears to be a promising approach in anorexia nervosa (AN). In 2008, as part of our multidimensional treatment program for adolescent inpatients with AN, we began a weekly qigong workshop that turned out to be popular among our adolescent patients. Moreover psychiatrists perceived clinical benefits that deserved further exploration. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A qualitative study therefore sought to obtain a deeper understanding of how young patients with severe AN experience qigong and to determine the incentives and barriers to adherence to qigong, to understanding its meaning, and to applying it in other contexts. Data were collected through 16 individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews and analyzed with the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Eleven themes emerged from the analysis, categorized in 3 superordinate themes describing the incentives and barriers related to the patients themselves (individual dimension), to others (relational dimension), and to the setting (organizational dimension). Individual dimensions associated with AN (such as excessive exercise and mind-body cleavage) may curb adherence, whereas relational and organizational dimensions appear to provide incentives to join the activity in the first place but may also limit its post-discharge continuation. Once barriers are overcome, patients reported positive effects: satisfaction associated with relaxation and with the experience of mind-body integration. CONCLUSIONS:Qigong appears to be an interesting therapeutic tool that may potentiate psychotherapy and contribute to the recovery process of patients with AN. Further analysis of the best time window for initiating qigong and of its place in overall management might help to overcome some of the barriers, limit the risks, and maximize its benefits.

Scholarship abounds on contemporary Hindu food offerings, yet there is scant literature treating the history of food in Hinduism beyond topics of food restrictions, purity, and food as medicine. A virtually unexplored archive is Hindu temple epigraphy from the time that was perhaps the theological height of embodied temple ritual practices, i.e., the Cōḻa period (ninth-thirteenth centuries CE). The vast archive of South Indian temple inscriptions allows a surprising glimpse into lived Hinduism as it was enacted daily, monthly, and annually through food offerings cooked in temple kitchens and served to gods residing in those temples. Through analyzing thousands of Tamiḻ inscriptions from the tenth through the fourteenth centuries CE, I have gleaned information concerning two distinct material cultural facets. (1) The practice of writing these rare but remarkable recipes which themselves are culinary textual artifacts has allowed us to access (2) Hindu food offerings of the past, also complex, sensory historical artifacts. In exploring these medieval religious recipes for the first time, I aim to show: the importance that food preparation held for temple devotees, the theological reality of feeding the actual bodies of the gods held in these temples, and the originality of the Cōḻa inscriptional corpus in bringing about a novel culinary writing practice that would be adopted more extensively in the Vijayanagara period (fourteenth-seventeenth centuries CE). This study, a radical new attempt at using historical sources inscribed in stone, sheds new light on medieval Hindu devotees’ priorities of serving and feeding god. The examination of this under-explored archive can help us move our academic analysis of Hindu food offerings beyond the hitherto utilized lenses of economics, sociology, and anthropology. Further, it contributes to our understanding of medieval temple worship, early culinary studies, and the history of food in India.

This study evaluated, in vitro, the effect of iron (previously exposed with enamel powder or added directly to the beverage) on the erosive potential of carbonated or decarbonated beverage. Four sets of experiments were done. For groups E1 and E3, a solution containing 30 mmol/L FeSO4 was added to bovine enamel powder (particles between 75-106 mm) before exposure to the carbonated or decarbonated beverage (Sprite Zero®), respectively. For groups E2 and E4, 15 mmol/L FeSO4 was added directly to the carbonated or decarbonated beverage, respectively. Control groups were included for comparison. In controls C1 and C3, the experiments E1 and E3 were repeated, but the iron solution was replaced by deionized water. For controls C2 and C4, the carbonated and decarbonated beverage, respectively, was used, without addition of iron. After addition of the beverage to the powdered enamel (40 mg enamel powder/400 mL of final volume), the sample was vortexed for 30 s and immediately centrifuged for 30 s (11,000 rpm). The supernatant was removed after 1 min 40 s. This procedure was repeated in quintuplicate and the phosphate released was analyzed spectrophotometrically. The results were analyzed by Student's t-test (p

In this article, I analyse some food practices surrounding betel in early Indian history. Betel consumption was not prescribed for everyone in Brahmanical society. Hence I examine texts referring to betel from the late pre-modern to early modern era (roughly 300–1800 ce) in order to explain proscriptions of betel in the legal discourse that discusses religious practice. The literature I consider in my analysis of betel consumption ranges from the kāmaśāstra genre, influential works of tantra, texts detailing worship, and ascetic and renunciant guides. Material cultural studies aid my exploration of betel as a socio-religious identity marker and my development of three modes of betel consumption and one mode of non-consumption.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the fluoride concentration in the public water supply and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren between 7 and 15 years old, living in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this, fifty two water samples were collected on three different days of one week. These samples were analyzed for fluoride by means of the ion-sensitive electrode method (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). In this method, 1.0 mL of TISAB II (Orion) was added to 1.0 mL of the sample. For the epidemiological survey of fluorosis, 52 schoolchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 15 were assessed, with prior authorization from their caretakers. Only one person examined the children, after supervised toothbrushing and drying with cotton wool rolls. The TF index was used. RESULTS: The fluoride concentrations in the water samples ranged from 0.62 to 1.20 mg/L, with a mean of 0.9 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33%, with severity ranging from TF1 to TF4 (Kappa of 0.73 and concordance of 83.33%). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the analysis of water samples indicated a fluoride concentration greater than recommended for Bauru. The fluorosis levels found were higher than expected for a peripheral district, in which water is one of the few sources of fluoride.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público e a prevalência de fluorose dentária de escolares entre 7 e 15 anos de idade, residentes em um bairro da periferia de Bauru. MATÉRIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas 52 amostras de água durante três dias de uma semana e analisadas utilizando-se o eletrodo íon sensível (Orion 9609), acoplado a um potenciômetro (Procyon, modelo 720), com 1,0 mL da amostra à qual foi adicionado 1,0 mL de TISAB II (Orion). Para o levantamento epidemiológico de fluorose foram examinados 52 escolares entre 7 e 15 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, mediante a obtenção de autorização prévia dos responsáveis. Somente um examinador realizou os exames após escovação supervisionada e secagem dos dentes com rolos de algodão. O índice utilizado foi o TF, estabelecido a partir do grau máximo verificado em cada indivíduo. RESULTADOS: A concentração de flúor na água variou entre 0,62 e 1,15 mg/L, mantendo uma média de 0,9 mg/L. A prevalência de fluorose dentária verificada foi de 33%, com severidade variando entre TF1 e TF4 (Kappa=0,73 e concordância de 83,33%). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados da análise das amostras de água indicam uma concentração média de flúor acima do recomendado para Bauru. O índice de fluorose dentária verificado foi maior que o esperado para um bairro da periferia, onde a água é uma das poucas fontes de ingestão de flúor.

Gender-based violence has moved from being understood as a private matter to social problem. This manifestation of discrimination, inequality and power of men over women in the context of relationships is condemn in our country by the Law on Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence 1/2004 of December 28. However, prostitution which has its foundations in the same patriarchal structure has no specific legislation that highlights this fact and condemns it. In our paper, taking as an example the Organic Law 1/2004, we developed a proposal justified on the actions that should be carried out at this respect. We mainly focus on three issues: equal education; discourage demand and protection and assistance to victims. We also bear in mind the need of social intolerance and legal condemnation in relation to the people who get benefits from the exploitation of others. La violencia de género ha pasado de ser considerada un asunto privado a entenderse como un problema social. Esta manifestación de discriminación, desigualdad y poder de los hombres sobre las mujeres en el marco de las relaciones de pareja es condenada en nuestro país por la Ley Orgánica de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género 1/2004 de 28 de diciembre. Sin embargo, la prostitución, que hunde sus cimientos en la misma estructura patriarcal en la que se asienta la violencia de género, carece de una legislación específica que ponga de manifiesto esta relación y la condene. En este trabajo tomando como ejemplo la Ley Orgánica 1/2004 de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género, elaboramos una propuesta justificada sobre las actuaciones que deberían abordarse al hacer frente a esta problemática. Nos centramos principalmente en tres cuestiones que consideramos básicas: educación en igualdad; desincentivación de la demanda; protección y ayuda a las víctimas. Además, resulta imprescindible la construcción de entorno caracterizado por la intolerancia y condena jurídica a las personas que se benefician de la explotación ajena. No es objeto de este estudio la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual que tiene otra consideración y tratamiento jurídico. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FORM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2611594

El trabajo analiza las transformaciones recientes del sistema de transporte público de la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires con el objetivo de establecer una relación entre política de transporte y cambios en las condiciones sociales y en las estructuras territoriales. En primer lugar se definen los requerimientos actuales de movilidad, examinando la estructura interna y la dinámica de la metrópolis. Seguidamente se analiza la lógica de producción de la política de transporte público, registrando los cambios experimentados por el servicio a partir de la total privatización de su gestión. El trabajo concluye que el transporte metropolitano reconoce transformaciones estructurales, y que estas son comandadas por los operadores con naturales criterios comerciales, dada la actitud pasiva del Estado, lo cual compromete el carácter de servicio público de la movilidad ciudadana a futuroThis work analyzes recent changes in the public transport system of Buenos Aires metropolitan area with the purpose of establishing a relationship between transport policy and changes in social conditions and territorial structures. First, current mobility requirements are defined, examining the metropolis internal structure and dynamics. Then, the production logic of the public transport policy in the area is analyzed, recording the changes occurred in the service since the full privatization of its management. Last, the new profile of operators and their management strategies is featured. The work concludes that the metropolitan transport has undergone structural transformations led by the natural commercial criteria of operators, given the state´s passive attitude which jeopardizes the public service nature of the inhabitant’s future mobility

La prostitución es un tema complejo, donde se mezcla el patriarcado, la globalización capitalista, la pobreza generalizada, las diferencias entre países, la feminización de la pobreza, los movimientos migratorios… Por ello, para ser claramente comprendido, debe ser abordado en toda su extensión. Los medios de comunicación, como canales de información, tienen un importante papel en este sentido. El presente estudio pretende comprobar qué visión transmite la prensa española sobre este tema, para ello se centra en el análisis de las noticias sobre prostitución publicadas en la versión digital de los principales diarios, así como una revisión sobre los anuncios de contactos. Los resultados apuntan a que transmiten una imagen parcial, y con la publicación de los anuncios de contactos, legitiman la existencia de una institución que somete a las mujeres.

El objetivo de este trabajo es integrar la movilidad, como componente transversal, a la gestión sectorial de políticas públicas. El caso de estudio refiere a los servicios de la salud pública de Argentina, y a las condiciones de movilidad de madres del periurbano de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA). En términos metodológicos, se trabaja sobre el concepto de “acceso” con el objetivo de identificar, medir y evaluar la relación entre las condiciones de movilidad y la atención de la salud materna. El acceso se pondera conforme a la prestación de los servicios de salud, y no conforme a la llegada a los lugares donde se ofrecen. Como resultado se obtiene evidencia empírica innovadora, útil para funcionar como indicador y tornar más relevante el rol de la movilidad en la agenda pública de salud y de transporte, pues es un derecho social básico y subyacente al acceso que requiere de un abordaje coordinado y transversal de políticas sectoriales.

El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la construcción de una tesis doctoral realizada en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. La organización de la presentación intenta reflejar el desarrollo del proceso de investigación. En función de este hilo conductor, se seleccionan comentarios sobre la estrategia de investigación (tanto teórica como empírica), y sobre algunos de sus resultados, conclusiones y aportes. Se ofrece, pues, una versión resumida y parcial de los contenidos de la tesis. El tema de la investigación examina la política de transporte público urbano de los años ’90, enfocándose en la relación entre la reconversión empresaria y la revisión reglamentaria del auto transporte metropolitano de Buenos Aires. Se busca comprender si entre ambos existe una relación y de qué tipo, y asimismo interpretar sus causas y consecuencias.

El autotransporte público de Buenos Aires trascendió internacionalmente por su buen nível de servicio siendo gestionado por pequeñas y medianas empresas bajo regulación estatal y sin subvención. La regulación se revisa en los 90, al igual que en otras partes del mundo, con el objetivo de promover mejoras sin cambios estructurales.Los resultados a diez años muestran paradojas. Por un lado, la subvención no motiva la revisión pero tiene lugar trás ella. Por el otro, la regulación introduce cambios menores y más bien formales, pero emerge un perfil de empresa y de servicio diferente. Por último, se comparten resultados com revisiones internacionales de distinta orientación. El trabajo busca interpretar las paradojas entre objetivos y resultados de las políticas públicas, organizando la evidencia empírica mediante la aplicación de un esquema metodológico al análisis integrado (servicios públicos y de oferta libre) y comparativo (con experiencias internacionales) del caso. Finalmente, intenta una reflexión teórica sobre el auto transporte colectivo urbano, observando tendencias compartidas e identificando continuidades y rupturas respecto a momentos anteriores.

El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar la construcción de una tesis doctoral realizada en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. La organización de la presentación intenta reflejar el desarrollo del proceso de investigación. En función de este hilo conductor, se seleccionan comentarios sobre la estrategia de investigación (tanto teórica como empírica), y sobre algunos de sus resultados, conclusiones y aportes. Se ofrece, pues, una versión resumida y parcial de los contenidos de la tesis. El tema de la investigación examina la política de transporte público urbano de los años ’90, enfocándose en la relación entre la reconversión empresaria y la revisión reglamentaria del auto transporte metropolitano de Buenos Aires. Se busca comprender si entre ambos existe una relación y de qué tipo, y asimismo interpretar sus causas y consecuencias.