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Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-02 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: The mechanisms that contribute to gait asymmetry in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are unclear, mainly during gait with greater environmental demand, such as when an obstacle is circumvented while walking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obstacle circumvention of the least and most affected side on motor and gaze behavior in people with PD under/without the effects of dopaminergic medication. Methods: Fifteen people with PD and 15 matched-control individuals were instructed to walk along a pathway, at a self-selected velocity, and to circumvent an obstacle, avoiding contact with it. Each participant performed five trials for each side. Kinematic parameters, mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, strategy to circumvent the obstacle, and gaze behavior were calculated. Parameters were grouped according to the side that the obstacle was circumvented and compared by three-way ANOVAs. Results: Both people with PD and the control group presented asymmetry to circumvent an obstacle during walking, however this was exacerbated in people with PD. Individuals with PD presented safe strategies (largest mediolateral and horizontal body clearance to the obstacle, “lead-out” strategy, and higher number and time of fixations on the obstacle) during obstacle circumvention for the least affected side compared to the most affected side. In addition, positive effects of dopaminergic medication on body clearance, spatial-temporal parameters, and gaze behavior were evidenced only when the obstacle was circumvented to the least affected side. Conclusions: The obstacle circumvention to the most affected side is risky for people with PD. São Paulo State University (Unesp) – Campus Bauru Scholl of Science Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (Unesp) Campus Rio Claro Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO) Department of Physical Education Universidade Sagrado Coração São Paulo State University (Unesp) – Campus Bauru Scholl of Science Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) and Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (Unesp) Campus Rio Claro Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO) Department of Physical Education FAPESP: 2014/20549-0 FAPESP: 2015/15928-4 FAPESP: 2016/09805-0

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 Postural control is influenced by eye movements. Gaze fixation, which comprises a component of ocular vergence, is important in the acquisition of highly specific task information, but its relation to postural control is little investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of gaze fixation position (central and lateral fixations) on postural sway in young adults. Forty young adults with ages ranging from 20 to 35 years were invited to participate in the study. Postural sway was measured in quiet stance in bipedal support in three 60-s trials under the following conditions: gaze fixation on a target positioned in front of participant, gaze fixation on a target positioned on right side of participant, and gaze fixation on a target positioned on left side of participant. The following center of pressure parameters (COP) in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral directions (ML) were analyzed for each of the trials: body sway displacement, mean velocity of sway, root mean square (RMS) of sway, and median frequency. In addition, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) exponent, in anteroposterior and medio-lateral directions, was calculated. The COP presented greater AP and ML displacement (p < 0.03, effect size = 1.37; and p < 0.03, effect size = 1.64, respectively) and RMS AP and ML (p < 0.04, effect size = 1.66; and p < 0.02, effect size = 2.50, respectively) for lateral gaze fixation compared to central gaze fixation. These results suggest that gaze fixation on a laterally positioned target increases body sway in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Universidade Sagrado Coração Department of Physical Therapy Health's Sciences Center, Bauru São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Department of Physical Education, Bauru SãoPaulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVIE-LAB) Department of Physical Education, Bauru São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) Department of Physical Education, Bauru SãoPaulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVIE-LAB) Department of Physical Education, Bauru

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-02 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The authors' aim was to investigate gait asymmetry of crossing step during obstacle avoidance while walking in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) under and without the effects of dopaminergic medication. Thirteen individuals with PD and 13 neurologically healthy individuals performed 5 trials of unobstructed gait and 10 trials of obstacle crossing during gait (5 trials with each leg) and spatiotemporal parameters were analyzed. Obstacle crossing increased step duration of the crossing step for the most-affected or nondominant limb compared to the crossing step with the least-affected or dominant limb. Individuals with PD without the effects of medication increased step duration for the step with the least-affected limb compared to the step with the most-affected limb during obstacle crossing. Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) Faculty of Science Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO) Bioscience Institute Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) Faculty of Science Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO) Bioscience Institute Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP FAPESP: 2013/00925-4

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 BACKGROUND: Task constraints and players’ asymmetry influences on lower extremity (i.e. kicking limb) kinematics during futsal instep kicking. However, support limb behavior when shooting in a futsal context was not previously investigated, and its potential role on such discrepant motor outputs is still unclear. Thus, the study aimed to compare kinematic features of the support limb and approach run between kicking a stationary and a rolling ball using dominant and non-dominant limbs. METHODS: Ten futsal players participated (21.88±2.86 years-old, 73.66±4.17 kg and 1.75±0.04 m) and performed kicks (five per limb per condition) with the dominant and non-dominant limbs in stationary and rolling ball conditions. Kinematic analysis comprised determination of support limb angular joint (hip, knee and ankle) displacement and velocity, approach run distance, angle, linear velocity, step length and width, support foot-to-ball distance, ball velocity (120 Hz) and accuracy (60 Hz). RESULTS: Hip adjustments (greater extension) in the support limb when kicking a rolling ball contributed in maintaining similar performance (e.g., ball velocity) to kicking a stationary ball, compensating for the lower approach run velocity and longer support foot to ball distance. Kicking with the non-dominant limb demonstrated a lower approach run velocity and the non-dominant support limb presented different angular motion compared to the dominant support limb in hip (< internal rotation), knee (< flexion), and ankle joints (< plantar flexion), being harmful to performance in both kicking stationary and rolling balls. CONCLUSIONS: Kicking a stationary and rolling ball presented similar performance, but compared to the dominant side, futsal instep kicks performed with the non-dominant support limb induces lower approach run velocity and inefficient angular joint motion, either harmful to performance output. Human Movement Research Lab (MoVi-laB) Department of Physical Education São paulo State University (uneSp) Laboratory of Instrumentation for Biomechanics (liB) Faculty of Physical Education State University of Campinas (unicaMp) Biomechanics and Motor control lab (laBiocoM) School of physical education and Sport university of São paulo (uSp) center for human Movement Sciences university Medical center university of Groningen estácio university center of ribeirão preto School of physical education Sport of ribeirão preto (eeferp) university of São paulo (uSp) Human Movement Research Lab (MoVi-laB) Department of Physical Education São paulo State University (uneSp)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The color of an obstacle may enable a more detailed view of the environment to facilitate obstacle avoidance. However, people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) present visual contrast and color detection dysfunction, which could affect obstacle avoidance according to obstacle color. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of obstacle color on locomotor and gaze behavior during obstacle avoidance in people with PD and neurologically healthy older individuals. Thirteen people with PD and eleven matched-control group individuals, with normal visual acuity (20/20 on the Snellen chart), performed 20 trials (5 trials for each obstacle color condition) of the obstacle avoidance task with the following obstacle colors: white, black, red, and blue. Participants were positioned at the beginning of a walkway with their eyes closed and, after the start command, opened their eyes, started walking at their preferred velocity, and crossed the obstacle. Spatial–temporal parameters and fixations on the obstacle (gaze behavior) were measured using a three-dimensional camera system and mobile eye-tracker, respectively. Our main findings were the absence of significant color interaction on locomotor and gaze behaviors, the absence of significant main effect of color on gaze behavior, and an effect of obstacle color on locomotor behavior, specifically in the placement of the heel from the obstacle after crossing and toe-clearance for both trailing and leading limbs, which indicates that obstacle color can play a role in obstacle avoidance during walking. However, there was no consistent obstacle color that influenced the locomotor behavior. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that obstacle color seems to affect locomotor behavior, but not gaze behavior, during walking with obstacle avoidance in people with PD and neurologically healthy individuals. However, no particular obstacle color causes a consistent effect on locomotor behavior. Department of Physical Education Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) School of Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa Department of Physical Education Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) School of Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) School of Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa Department of Physical Education Laboratory of Information Vision and Action (LIVIA) School of Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2014/20549-0

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to analyze the motor and visual strategies used when walking around (circumvention) an obstacle in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to the effects of dopaminergic medication on these strategies. To answer the study question, people with PD (15) and neurologically healthy individuals (15-CG) performed the task of obstacle circumvention during walking (5 trials of unobstructed walking and obstacle circumvention). The following parameters were analyzed: body clearance (longer mediolateral distance during obstacle circumvention of the center of mass-CoM-to the obstacle), horizontal distance (distance of the CoM at the beginning of obstacle circumvention to the obstacle), circumvention strategy (lead-out or lead-in strategy), spatial-temporal of each step, and number of fixations, the mean duration of the fixations and time of fixations according to areas of interest. In addition, the variability of each parameter was calculated. The results indicated that people with PD and the CG presented similar obstacle circumvention strategies (no differences between groups for body clearance, horizontal distance to obstacle, or obstacle circumvention strategy), but the groups used different adjustments to perform these strategies (people with PD performed adjustments during both the approach and circumvention steps and presented greater visual dependence on the obstacle; the CG adjusted only the final step before obstacle circumvention). Moreover, without dopaminergic medication, people with PD reduced body clearance and increased the use of a lead-out strategy, variability in spatial-temporal parameters, and dependency on obstacle information, increasing the risk of contact with the obstacle during circumvention. Sao Paulo State Univ, Human Movement Res Lab MOVI LAB, Campus Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil Dept Phys Educ, Lab Informat Vis & Act LIVIA, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Posture & Gait Studies Lab LEPLO, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Movement Disorders Res & Rehabil, Waterloo, ON, Canada Sao Paulo State Univ, Human Movement Res Lab MOVI LAB, Campus Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Posture & Gait Studies Lab LEPLO, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/20549-0

Vision is intricately linked with action and plays an essential role in guiding safe locomotion in humans. However, vision can influence locomotion of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in two distinct manners. While visual information such as doorways can trigger “freezing” episodes during which the patient feels as if the feet are glued to the floor, visual cues (transverse lines placed on the ground) can increase stride length and release freezing episodes. These paradoxical responses to visual information have motivated researchers to investigate the role of vision during locomotion in people with PD. In addition, studying PD as a model, in which the basal ganglia circuits are damaged and walking impairments are evident, may provide insights into the neural control of human locomotion. This book chapter explores how people with PD use visual information while engaged in different real-world walking activities, such as walking on regular pathway and visual cues, avoiding obstacles, and stepping on targets.

The current study evaluated the effects of disease severity on the control of obstacle crossing in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Forty-five subjects participated in the study, including 15 patients with mild PD (classified as stage 1 to 1.5 of the Hoehn and Yahr Rating Scale), 15 patients with moderate PD (classified as stage 2 to 3 of the Hoehn and Yahr Rating Scale), and 15 neurologically healthy individuals. Groups were matched by sex, age, body mass, and body height. The obstacle crossing task required participants to walk along a pathway and step over an obstacle (half of the knee height, positioned in the middle of the pathway). Patients were tested in a typically medicated state. Kinematic data were recorded using an optoelectronic tridimensional system. The outcome measures included spatiotemporal measures of obstacle avoidance. There were no significant differences between patients with mild PD and healthy individuals. Patients with moderate PD exhibited shorter distances for leading toe clearance and leading foot placement after the obstacle than did healthy individuals. Patients with moderate PD tended to exhibit a lower leading horizontal mean velocity during obstacle crossing than did healthy individuals. We found significant negative relationships between obstacle crossing measures and disease severity (score on the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale). These findings suggest that disease severity affects locomotor behavior during obstacle crossing in PD. Specifically, obstacle avoidance was not affected in the early stages of PD; however, bradykinesia and hypometria influenced obstacle crossing in patients with moderate PD.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T08:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of disease severity and medication state on postural control asymmetry during challenging tasks in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Nineteen people with PD and 11 neurologically healthy individuals performed three standing task conditions: bipedal standing, tandem and unipedal adapted standing; the individuals with PD performed the tasks in ON and OFF medication state. The participants with PD were distributed into 2 groups according to disease severity: unilateral group (n = 8) and bilateral group (n = 11). The two PD groups performed the evaluations both under and without the medication. Two force plates were used to analyze the posture. The symmetric index was calculated for various of center of pressure. ANOVA one-way (groups) and two-way (PD groups x medication), with repeated measures for medication, were calculated. For main effects of group, the bilateral group was more asymmetric than CG. For main effects of medication, only unipedal adapted standing presented effects of PD medication. There was PD groups x medication interaction. Under the effects of medication, the unilateral group presented lower asymmetry of RMS in anterior-posterior direction and area than the bilateral group in unipedal adapted standing. In addition, the unilateral group presented lower asymmetry of mean velocity, RMS in anterior-posterior direction and area in unipedal standing and area in tandem adapted standing after a medication dose. Postural control asymmetry during challenging postural tasks was dependent on disease severity and medication state in people with PD. The bilateral group presented higher postural control asymmetry than the control and unilateral groups in challenging postural tasks. Finally, the medication dose was able to reduce postural control asymmetry in the unilateral group during challenging postural tasks. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture & Gait Studies Lab, Campus Rio Claro,Av 24-A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Human Movement Res, Lab Informat Vis & Act, Campus Bauru, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Posture & Gait Studies Lab, Campus Rio Claro,Av 24-A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Human Movement Res, Lab Informat Vis & Act, Campus Bauru, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2012/24040-9 FAPESP: 2013/00925-4

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Gait variability may serve as a sensitive and clinically relevant parameter to quantify adjustments in walking and the changes with aging and neurological disease. Variability of steps preceding obstacle avoidance (approach phase) are important for efficiency in the task, especially in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, variability of gait during the approach phase to obstacle avoidance in people with PD has been rarely reported, particularly when ambulating obstacles of different heights. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of obstacle height on step-to-step variability (step-to-step variability provides information on the variation between the equivalent steps for all trials, and walking variability (indicates the within-step variability of each, providing information about the modulations between the steps performed. of spatial-temporal parameters during the approach phase to obstacle avoidance in people with PD and neurologically healthy older people. Twenty-eight older people; 15 with PD and 13 neurologically healthy individuals (control group), participated in the study. Participants were instructed to walk at their preferred speed until the end of the pathway and to avoid the obstacle when it was present. Each subject performed 10 trials of the following tasks: unobstructed walking, low obstacle avoidance (3cm length, height equal ankle’s height, 60 cm wide), intermediate obstacle (3cm length, low plus high obstacle height divided by 2, 60 cm wide) avoidance and high obstacle avoidance (3cm length, knee’s height, 60 cm wide). The obstacle was positioned 4m from to the start position. The step-to-step and walking variability of the spatial-temporal parameters (acquiring with GAITRite®) of the four steps before obstacle avoidance were analyzed. MANOVAs were used to compare the data. PD group showed the characteristic gait deficits associated with PD. The obstacle increased the spatial-temporal variability (step–to-step and walking variability) during the approach phase to the obstacle. Specifically, both groups increased i) the step-to- step variability of the step length during low obstacle avoidance when compared to the other conditions; ii) the variability during low obstacle avoidance in the last step before obstacle (n-1) compared to higher obstacle avoidance; iii) variability during higher obstacle avoidance in further steps (n-3 and n-4). In conclusion, the presence of the obstacle during walking increased the variability of spatial-temporal parameters in older people with PD and the control group during the steps preceding obstacle avoidance. In addition motor planning (and motor adaptations) was initiated much earlier in the approach phase for the higher obstacle conditions compared to the low obstacle condition. UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Depto de Educação Física Human Movement Research Laboratory, Bauru UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Depto de Educação Física Posture and Gait Studies Lab UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Depto de Educação Física Human Movement Research Laboratory, Bauru UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Depto de Educação Física Posture and Gait Studies Lab FAPESP: 2013/21841-3