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Objetivo: Comparar a estrutura e função do coração entre homens e mulheres.Método:Estudo transversal e descritivo, em uma amostra por conveniência (n=100) dividida em dois grupos: masculino (n=40) e feminino (n=60). O levantamento de dados foi realizado entre agosto e dezembro de 2019.As variáveis cardíacas e de características gerais foram comparadas entre os grupos (Teste T de Student).Resultados: O grupo feminino apresentou menores valores de diâmetros diastólico e sistólico do VE, ↓ diâmetro da aorta e menores espessuras da parede posterior do VE e do septo interventricular quando comparado ao grupo masculino. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para as variáveis E/A e E/e’. O grupo feminino demonstrou menores valores de volumes diastólico e sistólico finais do VE enquanto apresentou aumento da fração de ejeção e do encurtamento endocárdico do VE. Conclusão: O grupo feminino apresentou alterações da estrutura cardíaca e função sistólica, o que parece ser decorrente da diferente composição corporal entre homens e mulheres.

O objetivo deste estudo foi demostrar as dificuldades legais, técnicas e sociais enfrentadas para a implantação de um projeto de pagamento por serviços ambientais, tendo como base os desafios sucessos e frustrações vivenciadas pelo grupo gestor do projeto Pagamento por Serviço Ambiental do rio Queima Pé no município de Tangará da Serra - MT. Em julho de 2016 o Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAMAE) lançou o Edital de CHAMADA PÚBLICA Nº 002/2016/SAMAE, convocando os proprietários da área do projeto a se cadastrarem. Apenas alguns proprietários se inscreveram na primeira Chamada Pública totalizando quatorze propriedades, a área de preservação permanente destas propriedades soma 77,73 hectares, correspondendo a 24,59% da área total de APP do projeto. O projeto Pagamento por Serviço Ambiental do rio Queima Pé é o primeiro do estado de Mato Grosso, tem apenas três anos de execução os resultados são ainda preliminares, os desafios iniciais foram superados e o projeto atualmente se firma como um programa que se propõem reunir proprietários rurais capazes de visualizar nas suas ações a produção de água para as futuras gerações tangaraense.

A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é considerada a doença hepática crônica mais prevalente em todo o mundo, sendo um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. A doença arterial coronariana é reconhecida como a primeira causa do aumento de mortalidade e morbidade em pacientes com DHGNA. No entanto, diversas evidências apontam que a DHGNA não afeta apenas os vasos sanguíneos, mas também a estrutura e função do coração, tanto em adultos quanto crianças, chamando atenção para o fato de o comprometimento cardíaco vir a ser um grande fator de risco para a piora do prognóstico e qualidade de vida dos portadores de DHGNA. Nesta revisão narrativa nós descrevemos a associação entre DHGNA e o comprometimento do coração. Em adição, apresentamos uma visão fisiopatológica envolvida nessa relação.

Este estudo foi delineado para avaliar o efeito do óleo-resina de copaíba sobre peso corporal, adiposidade e marcadores inflamatórios, no tecido adiposo, em animais com cirrose hepática. Ratos Wistar machos foram casualmente divididos em dois grupos: Cirrose Hepática (CH, n=7) e CH + óleo-resina de copaíba (CH+OC, n=7). A cirrose hepática foi induzida por administração intraperitoneal (i.p.) de tioacetamida, na dose de 100mg/kg/duas vezes por semana; e a suplementação com óleo-resina de copaíba foi administrada, via gavagem, na dose de 200mg/kg/dia durante 8 semanas. Os dados mostram que a suplementação com óleo-resina de copaíba foi capaz de melhorar o ganho de peso e adiposidade em animais com cirrose hepática, além de aumentar os níveis de IL10, citocina anti-inflamatória, e reduzir os níveis de IL-1?, citocina pró-inflamatória. Estes achados sugerem efeito benéfico do óleo-resina de copaíba sobre o tecido adiposo, em modelo de cirrose hepática.

Este estudo foi delineado para avaliar o efeito do óleo-resina de copaíba sobre o peso corporal, adiposidade, bem como marcadores inflamatórios e do estado redox no tecido adiposo de animais hígidos. Ratos Wistar machos foram casualmente divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle (C, n = 7), o qual recebeu dieta padrão e o grupo óleo-resina de copaíba (OC, n = 7), que recebeu dieta padrão com suplementação de óleo-resina de copaíba, na dose de 200 mg/kg/dia, via gavagem, durante oito semanas. Os dados mostram que a suplementação com óleo resina de copaíba foi eficiente em diminuir o acúmulo de gordura visceral e, consequentemente, o índice de adiposidade sem alterar parâmetros metabólicos, marcadores inflamatórios ou marcadores do sistema antioxidante e de danos oxidativos no tecido adiposo. Concluindo, assim, que o óleo-resina de copaíba não apresenta efeitos prejudiciais ao tecido adiposo em animais hígidos.

Hypertension is a chronic disease considered an important risk factor to high level of morbidity and mortality in the world. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in Sinop (MT/Brazil). This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 between February and November. Data collection included self-reported behavioral risk factors and clinical measurements comprising blood pressure and anthropometry, totaling 649 adult subjects. The prevalence of hypertension was 39%, being higher in men (23%) than women (16%). Overall, 33.4% were obese and 39.9% were overweight; 12.5% smoke one or more packs of cigarettes per day; 68.9% were sedentary; 50.5% demonstrated altered waist/hip ratio; 22.8% and 50.8%, respectively, presented high and very high cardiovascular risk by waist circumference measure. Odds ratio analyses demonstrated that hypertension was associated with male subjects, increased age, excess weight and high waist/hip ratio as well altered waist circumference. This study showed high prevalence of hypertension, overweight and obesity in Sinop/MT. In addition, many hypertensive patients under anti-hypertensive treatment showed uncontrolled blood pressure levels. There was a significant association between hypertension and age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Mato Grosso Research Foundation (FAPEMAT), Brazil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background. Decreased cardiac contractility has been observed in cirrhosis, but the mechanisms that initiate and maintain cardiac dysfunction are not entirely understood. Aim of the study. We test the hypothesis that cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is related to deterioration of myocardial contractility due to alterations in calcium-handling proteins expression. In addition, we evaluated whether cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are associated with this process. Methods. Cirrhosis was induced by thioacetamide (TAA, 100 mg/kg/i.p., twice weekly for eight weeks). The myocardial performance was evaluated in isolated left ventricle papillary muscles under basal conditions and after inotropic challenge. The cardiac calcium handling protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Cardiac TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Results. Thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis, which was associated with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy characterized by in vivo left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction as well as cardiac hypertrophy. In vitro baseline myocardial contractility was lower in cirrhosis. Also, myocardial responsiveness to post-rest contraction stimulus was declined. Protein expression for RYR2, SERCA2, NCX, pPBL Ser16 and L-type calcium channel was quantitatively unchanged; however, pPBL Thr17 was significantly lower while IL-6 was higher. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is associated with decreased cardiac contractility with alteration of phospholamban phosphorylation in association with higher cardiac pro-inflammatory IL-6 levels. These findings provided molecular and functional insights about the effects of liver cirrhosis on cardiac function. (C) 2020 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. Fed Univ Mato Grosso UFMT, Inst Hlth Sci, Ave Alexandre Ferronato 1200, BR-78556267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Mato Grosso Research Foundation (FAPEMAT), Brazil: 161294/2014 CNPq: 442979/2014-2

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Background/Aims: Aortic stenosis-induced chronic pressure overload leads to cardiac dysfunction and congestive heart failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the myocardial impairment are multifactorial and include maladaptive β-adrenergic signaling. Exercise training (ET) has been used as a non-pharmacological therapy for heart failure management. The present study tested the hypothesis that exercise training attenuates diastolic dysfunction through β-adrenergic signaling preservation. Methods: Wistar rats were submitted to ascending aortic stenosis (AS) surgery, and after 18 weeks, a moderate aerobic exercise training protocol was performed for ten weeks. Results: ET attenuated diastolic dysfunction, evaluated by echocardiogram and isolated papillary muscle (IPM) assay. Also, ET reduced features of heart failure, cross-sectional cardiomyocyte area, and exercise intolerance, assessed by treadmill exercise testing. The β2 adrenergic receptor protein expression was increased in AS rats independently of exercise. Interestingly, ET restored the protein levels of phosphorylated phospholamban at Serine 16 and preserved the β-adrenergic receptor responsiveness as visualized by the lower myocardial compliance decline and time to 50% tension development and relaxation during β-adrenergic stimulation in the IPM than untrained rats. Additionally, AS rats presented higher levels of TNFα and iNOS, which were attenuated by ET. Conclusion: Moderate ET improves exercise tolerance, reduces heart failure features, and attenuates diastolic dysfunction. In the myocardium, ET decreases the cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocyte and preserves the β-adrenergic responsiveness, which reveals that the adjustments in β-adrenergic signaling contribute to the amelioration of cardiac dysfunction by mild exercise training in aortic stenosis rats. Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu São Paulo State University Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University Institute of Health Science Federal University of Mato Grosso School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu São Paulo State University Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) CAPES: 305399/2015-2 CAPES: 442822/2014-6

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a condition where liver cirrhosis is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Triggers and blockers of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy are poorly understood, which might compromise the prognosis of chronic liver disease patients. We tested whether exercise training would reduce liver damage induced by thioacetamide and prevent liver cirrhosis-associated cardiomyopathy. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, thioacetamide (TAA), or TAA plus exercise. Thioacetamide increased liver weight and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Also, TAA treatment was involved with hepatic nodule formation, fibrotic septa, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte necrosis. The exercise group presented with a reduction in liver injury status. We found that liver injury was associated with disordered cardiac hypertrophy as well as diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Exercise training attenuated cirrhosis-associated cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction and prevented systolic impairment. These results provided insights that exercise training can mitigate cirrhotic cardiomyopathy phenotype. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Institute of Health Sciences Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, n°1200, Setor Industrial Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Scientific experiments can be modeled as Workflows. Such Workflows are usually computing-and data-intensive, demanding the use of High-Performance Computing environments such as clusters, grids, and clouds. This latter offers the advantage of elasticity, which allows for increasing and/or decreasing the number of Virtual Machines (VMs) on demand. Workflows are typically managed using Scientific Workflow Management Systems (SWfMS). Many existing SWfMSs offer support for cloud-based execution. Each SWfMS has its own scheduler that follows a well-defined cost function. However, such cost functions must consider the characteristics of a dynamic environment, such as live migrations and/or performance fluctuations, which are far from trivial to model. This paper proposes a novel scheduling strategy, named ReASSIgN, based on Reinforcement Learning (RL). By relying on an RL technique, one may assume that there is an optimal (or sub-optimal) solution for the scheduling problem, and aims at learning the best scheduling based on previous executions in the absence of a mathematical model of the environment. For this, an extension of a well-known workflow simulator WorkflowSim is proposed to implement an RL strategy for scheduling workflows. Once the scheduling plan is generated, the workflow is executed in the cloud using SciCumulus SWfMS. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the proposed scheduling strategy using a real astronomy workflow.

Aims Liver cirrhosis is the main chronic liver disease and is considered a catabolic disease. Cirrhotic patients have a low energy intake and high energy expenditure at rest, leading to metabolic disorders. Malnutrition is associated with complications of cirrhosis and has been shown that a nutritional intervention with increase of energy intake improves the survival of cirrhotic patients. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effect of a high sucrose diet in the liver of animals with cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide and investigate the mechanism involved. Main methods Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control; Thioacetamide; and Thioacetamide + high sucrose diet. The thioacetamide was administrated (100 mg kg−1) intraperitoneally and the sucrose was offered in drinking water (300 g L−1). Key findings The administration of thioacetamide was associated with fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrate in the liver and increased levels of transaminases enzymes. The high sucrose diet promoted a reduction of theses parameters in cirrhotic rats. The malnutrition observed in cirrhotic rats was attenuated by the high sucrose diet shown by the improvements in weight loss, subcutaneous fat, and caloric intake. The high sucrose diet also attenuated the oxidative stress present in the liver of animals with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis. Significance The high sucrose diet had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in the liver of animals with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis. In addition, the high sucrose diet also improved malnutrition and catabolism present in cirrhosis. Thus, a high sucrose diet may be a therapeutic option for cirrhotic patients in a catabolic state.

Ambientes de Nuvem são amplamente utilizados para a execução de experimentos científicos modelados como workflows. Muitos Sistemas de Gerência de Workflows Científicos (SGWfC) oferecem apoio a execuções na nuvem. Em geral, esses SGWfCs possuem um escalonador de atividades que segue um modelo de custo bem definido. Um problema de se criar modelos de custos para escalonar workflows na nuvem é que precisamos modelar manualmente grande parte das características do ambiente. Entretanto, eventos como migração de máquinas virtuais ou flutuações de desempenho não são facilmente modelados. De forma a gerar um escalonamento sem a necessidade de modelar todas as características do ambiente de antemão, esse artigo propõe um simulador chamado WorkflowSim4RL que utiliza técnicas de Aprendizado por Reforço (AR - da área de aprendizado de máquina) para descobrir como melhor escalonar as ativações do workflow. Por meio do AR o escalonador não necessita conhecer todas as características do ambiente e do workflow sendo executado. Experimentos com traces de workflows reais mostraram a viabilidade da proposta.

Aims Obesity is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and hepatic steatosis. β-Glucans have been described as effective in treating conditions including dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of botryosphaeran [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-D-glucan] on obesity and its comorbidities, and understand its mechanism of action. Main methods Obesity was induced in adult male Wistar rats by ingestion of a high-fat diet and water with sucrose (300 g/L) for 8 weeks. Control rats received standard diet. After six weeks, treatment commenced with botryosphaeran (12 mg/kg.b.w., via gavage, 15 days), respective controls received water. Rats were divided into 3 groups: control (C), obese (O), and obese + botryosphaeran (OB). In the 8th week, obesity was characterized. Feed-intake, glucose and lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and concentrations of glycogen and lipids in liver were analyzed. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Key findings Obese rats showed significant increases in weight gain and adipose tissue, presented glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, and hepatic steatosis. Botryosphaeran significantly reduced feed intake, weight gain, periepididymal and mesenteric fat, and improved glucose tolerance. Botryosphaeran also reduced triglyceride and VLDL, and increased HDL levels. Furthermore, botryosphaeran increased glycogen and reduced total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver, and increased AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) activity and Forkhead transcription factor 3a(FOXO3a) protein expression in adipose tissue. Significance This study demonstrated that botryosphaeran was effective in reducing obesity, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidaemia insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese rats, and these effects were, at least in part, associated with reduced feed intake, and AMPK and FOXO3a activities.

Liver cirrhosis is associated with a wide range of cardiovascular abnormalities including hyperdynamic circulation and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenic mechanisms of these cardiovascular changes are multifactorial and include vascular dysregulations. Aim The present study tested the hypothesis that the systemic vascular hyporesponsiveness in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury model is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) derivatives. Main methods Wistar rats were treated with TAA for eight weeks to induce liver injury. Key findings The maximal contractile response in concentration-effect curves to phenylephrine was decreased in aorta from TAA-treated rats, but no differences were found in aorta without endothelium, suggesting an endothelium-dependent mechanism in decreased contractile response. There was no difference in the contractile response with and without L-NAME (N(ω)-nitro- l -arginine methyl ester) in rats with liver injury, showing that the TAA treatment impairs NO synthesis. Pre-incubation of the aorta with indomethacin, a COX-inhibitor, normalized the reduced contractile response to phenylephrine in arteries from TAA group. Also, COX-2 and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide syntase) protein expression was increased in aorta from TAA group compared to control group. Animals submitted to TAA treatment had a reduction in systolic blood pressure. Our findings demonstrated that liver injury induced by TAA caused a decrease in aortic contractile response by a COX-dependent mechanism but not by NO release. Also, it was demonstrated an inflammatory process in the aorta of TAA-treated rats by increased expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Significance Therefore, there is an essential contribution of COX-2 activation in extra-hepatic vascular dysfunction and inflammation present in cirrhosis induced by TAA.

The prevalence of obesity has increased in the past two decades. This growth has been attributed to changes in dietary habits, especially increased consumption of fats and sugars. It is clear that obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, and the inflammatory process favors this context. Aim: To address the inflammatory aspects of obesity and associated metabolic complications. Data Sources: Original data from articles found through search of scientific databases. Summary of findings : Micro hypoxia, reticulum stress, and activation of toll-like receptor 4 are responsible for triggering inflammation in adipose tissue, which is the place where the process begins. Thus, there is an increased production of various adipokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which impair insulin signaling pathway, leading to resistance to hormone, one of the first complications of obesity. From this, with the intensity of stimulation, the condition may worsen triggering type 2 diabetes and other comorbidities. Conclusion: Thus, the elucidation of the roles and mechanisms of the main adipokines lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of obesityrelated disorders.

Background: Different types of high-fat and/or high-energy diets have been used to induce obesity in rodents. However, few studies have reported on the effects observed at the initial stage of obesity induced by high-fat feeding on cardiac functional and structural remodelling. Objective: To characterize the initial moment of obesity and investigate both metabolic and cardiac parameters. In addition, the role of Ca2+ handling in short-term exposure to obesity was verified. Methods: Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (n = 19 each): control (C; standard diet) and high-fat diet (HF, unsaturated high-fat diet). The initial moment of obesity was defined by weekly measurement of body weight (BW) complemented by adiposity index (AI). Cardiac remodelling was assessed by morphological, histological, echocardiographic and papillary muscle analysis. Ca2+ handling proteins were determined by Western Blot. Results: The initial moment of obesity occurred at the 3rd week. Compared with C rats, the HF rats had higher final BW (4%), body fat (20%), AI (14.5%), insulin levels (39.7%), leptin (62.4%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15.5%) but did not exhibit alterations in systolic blood pressure. Echocardiographic evaluation did not show alterations in cardiac parameters. In the HF group, muscles were observed to increase their +dT/dt (C: 52.6 ± 9.0 g/mm2/s and HF: 68.0 ± 17.0 g/mm2/s; p < 0.05). In addition, there was no changes in the cardiac expression of Ca2+ handling proteins. Conclusion: The initial moment of obesity promotes alterations to hormonal and lipid profiles without cardiac damage or changes in Ca2+ handling. Resumo Fundamentos: Diferentes tipos de dietas hiperlipídicas e/ou hipercalóricas têm sido usados para induzir obesidade em roedores. No entanto, poucos estudos relataram os efeitos da obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica em sua fase inicial sobre a remodelação cardíaca funcional e estrutural. Objetivo: Caracterizar o momento inicial da obesidade e investigar parâmetros metabólicos e cardíacos. Além disso, analisar o papel do trânsito de Ca+2 em curtos períodos de exposição à obesidade. Métodos: Ratos Wistar com idade de 30 dias foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n = 19 em cada grupo): controle (C, dieta padrão) e dieta hiperlipídica (HL, dieta rica em gordura insaturada). O momento inicial da obesidade foi definido por medidas semanais do peso corporal, complementadas pelo índice de adiposidade (IA). A remodelação cardíaca foi avaliada por análise morfológica, histológica, ecocardiográfica e funcional dos músculos papilares. Proteínas envolvidas no trânsito de Ca2+ foram determinadas por Western Blot. Resultados: O momento inicial da obesidade ocorreu na terceira semana. Em comparação aos ratos C, os animais HL apresentaram maior peso corporal final (4%), gordura corporal (20%), IA (14,5%), níveis de insulina (39,7%), leptina (62,4%) e lipoproteína de baixa densidade (15,5%), mas não apresentaram alterações na pressão sistólica. A avaliação ecocardiográfica não mostrou alterações nos parâmetros cardíacos. No grupo HL, observou-se um aumento no +dT/dt (C: 52,6 ± 9,0 g/mm2/s e HL: 68,0 ± 17,0 g/mm2/s; p < 0,05) muscular. Além disso, não houve alterações na expressão cardíaca de proteínas envolvidas no trânsito de Ca2+. Conclusão: O momento inicial da obesidade promove alterações nos perfis hormonais e lipídicos sem causar danos cardíacos ou mudanças no trânsito de Ca2+.

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, triggered in adipose tissue, which may occur due to an excess of SFA from the diet that can be recognised by Toll-like receptor-4. This condition is involved in the development of components of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, especially insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and adipose tissue inflammation as a function of the period of time in which rats were submitted to a high-sugar/fat diet (HSF). Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups to receive the control diet (C) or the HSF for 6, 12 or 24 weeks. HSF increased the adiposity index in all HSF groups compared with the C group. HSF was associated with higher plasma TAG, glucose, insulin and leptin levels. Homeostasis model assessment increased in HSF compared with C rats at 24 weeks. Both TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue of HSF rats at 24 weeks compared with HSF at 6 weeks and C at 24 weeks. Only the HSF group at 24 weeks showed increased expression of both Toll-like receptor-4 and NF-κB. More inflammatory cells were found in the HSF group at 24 weeks. We can conclude that the metabolic syndrome occurs independently of the inflammatory response in adipose tissue and that inflammation is associated with hypertrophy of adipocytes, which varies according to duration of exposure to the HSF.

Obesity has been shown to impair myocardial performance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the participation of calcium (Ca(2+) ) handling on cardiac dysfunction in obesity models remain unknown. L-type Ca(2+) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) -ATPase (SERCA2a), may contribute to the cardiac dysfunction induced by obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether myocardial dysfunction in obese rats is related to decreased activity and/or expression of L-type Ca(2+) channels and SERCA2a. Male 30-day-old Wistar rats were fed standard (C) and alternately four palatable high-fat diets (Ob) for 15 weeks. Obesity was determined by adiposity index and comorbidities were evaluated. Myocardial function was evaluated in isolated left ventricle papillary muscles under basal conditions and after inotropic and lusitropic maneuvers. L-type Ca(2+) channels and SERCA2a activity were determined using specific blockers, while changes in the amount of channels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Phospholamban (PLB) protein expression and the SERCA2a/PLB ratio were also determined. Compared with C rats, the Ob rats had increased body fat, adiposity index and several comorbidities. The Ob muscles developed similar baseline data, but myocardial responsiveness to post-rest contraction stimulus and increased extracellular Ca(2+) was compromised. The diltiazem promoted higher inhibition on developed tension in obese rats. In addition, there were no changes in the L-type Ca(2+) channel protein content and SERCA2a behavior (activity and expression). In conclusion, the myocardial dysfunction caused by obesity is related to L-type Ca(2+) channel activity impairment without significant changes in SERCA2a expression and function as well as L-type Ca(2+) protein levels.

Obesity has become a major public health problem, most commonly treated via dietary restriction to promote weight loss. Although leptin and thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of energy balance, the role of these hormones after the stabilization of weight loss remains unclear. This study was designed to analyze the effect of thyroid hormone on sustained weight loss and leptin gene expression in obese animals after a loss of 5% to 10% of body weight. Thirty-day–old male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: control, obese, calorie restriction (CR), and calorie restriction with triiodothyronine administration (CRT). The obese group had increased weight and adiposity, leptin and insulin levels, and leptin gene expression. Dietary restriction in the CR group resulted in decreased body weight and adiposity, diminished leptin, and increased thyroid hormone receptor β expression. The CRT group, submitted to dietary restriction with concomitant administration of a physiologic triiodothyronine dose, had thyroid hormone receptor β expression at levels comparable with those observed in the control group and simultaneously increased leptin expression as compared with that in the CR group, suggesting that thyroid hormone modulates leptin expression under conditions of calorie restriction. Increased leptin expression in the CRT group did not result in increased circulating leptin or a statistically significant reduction in body weight during the treatment period. These data provide impetus for further study, as a longer treatment period may result in increased circulating leptin and, thus, further reduction in body weight during calorie restriction in an obesity model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of fructose consumption, Curcuma longa(Cu) and the association between them on cardiac morphology. Methods: 44 male Wistar rats were assigned to receive water + standard diet (group C, n = 12) or standard diet with water + 30% fructose (F group, n = 32) for 15 weeks. After this period, the animals were again divided into standard diet + water (group C, n = 10); Standard diet + F (F group, n = 12); standard diet + F + Cu solution at a concentration of 80 mg / kg by gavage (F + Cu group, n = 9) and standard diet + Cu (exF + Cu group, n = 11) for 9 weeks. After euthanasia, were heavy hearts, left and right ventricles. Comparisons by mony T Student Results: The F group had higher heart weight, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricle (RV) compared to C group (F = 1.13 ± 0.06 x C = 1.00 ± 0.09mg), (F = 0.83 ± 0.06 x C = 0.74 ± 0.06mg), (F = 0.20 ± 0.01 x C = 0.18 ± 0.02 mg). There was no statistical difference in results between the F vs F + cu groups. However, the F + Cu gro...

To evaluate the effect of daily consumption of fructose on body weight and urine parameters indicative of kidney damage. Male Wistar rats were divided to receive standard diet + water (C group, n=2...

Aim: To investigate whether lycopene can modulate adiponectin levels and SIRT1 and FoxO1 gene expression in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were first fed with hypercaloric diet (HD, n = 12) for 6 weeks, and afterward, these rats were randomly assigned to receive HD ( n = 6) or HD with lycopene-rich tomato oleoresin (equivalent to lycopene 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, HD + L, n = 6) by gavage for additional 6 weeks. Plasma lycopene and adiponectin levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay, respectively. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of adiponectin, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1), fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36), and PPARγ in adipose tissues were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Lycopene was detected in the plasma of rats in HD + L group but not in the HD group. Although both BW and adiposity were not different between the two groups, there was a significant increase in both plasma concentration and mRNA expression of adiponectin in the adipose tissue of the HD + L group. In addition, the lycopene supplementation upregulated mRNA expressions of SIRT1, FoxO1, and FAT/CD36 but downregulated PPARγ in adipose tissue of obese rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that lycopene, in the concentration used, is not toxic and also its health benefits in adipose tissue may play a role against obesity-related complications.

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade e um fator de risco para muitas complicacoes medicas; a pesquisa medica demonstrou que as alteracoes hemodinâmicas, morfologicas e funcionais estao correlacionadas com a duracao e gravidade da obesidade. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo determinou a influencia do tempo de exposicao a obesidade induzida por dieta com alto teor de gordura no colagenos tipo I e III miocardico. METODOS: Ratos machos com trinta dias de idade, da raca Wistar, foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: um grupo de controle (C) alimentado com racao padrao e um grupo de ratos obesos (Ob) alternadamente alimentados com uma de quatro dietas palataveis ricas em gordura. Cada dieta foi mudada diariamente, e os ratos foram mantidos em suas respectivas dietas por 15 (C15 e Ob15) e 30 (C30 e Ob30) semanas consecutivas. A obesidade foi determinada pelo indice de adiposidade. RESULTADOS: O grupo Ob15 foi similar ao grupo C15 em relacao a expressao de colageno miocardico tipo I; contudo, a expressao no grupo Ob30 foi menor do que no grupo C30. O tempo de exposicao a obesidade foi associado com uma reducao de colageno do tipo I no grupo Ob30, quando comparado com o Ob15. A obesidade nao afetou a expressao do colageno tipo III. CONCLUSAO: Este estudo mostrou que o tempo de exposicao a obesidade por 30 semanas induzida por uma dieta rica em gordura insaturada causou uma reducao na expressao do colageno miocardico tipo I em ratos obesos. No entanto, nenhum efeito foi observado em relacao a expressao do colageno miocardico tipo III

The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of swim training on the promotion–progression stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chemically induced liver carcinogenesis and allocated into 4 major groups, according their dietary regimen (16 weeks) and swim training of 5 days per week (8 weeks): 2 groups were fed low-fat diet (LFD, 6% fat) and trained or not trained and 2 groups were fed high-fat diet (HFD, 21% fat) and trained or not trained. At week 20, the animals were killed and liver samples were processed for histological analyses; immunohistochemical detection of persistent or remodeling preneoplastic lesions (pPNL and rPNL) expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) enzyme; or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein levels by Western blotting or malonaldehyde (MDA) and total glutathione detection by HPLC. Overall analysis indicated that swim training reduced the body weight and body fat in both LFD and HFD groups, normalized total cholesterol levels in the HFD group while decreased the MDA levels, increased glutathione levels and both number of GST-P-positive pPNL and hepatocellular adenomas in LFD group. Also, a favorable balance in PCNA, cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 levels was detected in the liver from the LFD-trained group in relation to LFD-untrained group. The findings of this study indicate that the swim training protocol as a result of exercise postconditioning may attenuate liver carcinogenesis under an adequate dietary regimen with lowered fat intake.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:51Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84862333929.pdf: 1588872 bytes, checksum: d84eef3b9c43a00d6f4a6b79900182ab (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-21 Aims. To analyze the influence of hyperthyroidism on the gene expression and serum concentration of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin in obese animals. Main Methods. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (C)fed with commercial chow ad libitumand obese (OB)fed with a hypercaloric diet. After group characterization, the OB rats continued receiving a hypercaloric diet and were randomized into two groups: obese animals (OB) and obese with 25g triiodothyronine (T3)/100BW (OT). The T3 dose was administered every day for the last 2 weeks of the study. After 30 weeks the animals were euthanized. Samples of blood and adipose tissue were collected for biochemical and hormonal analyses as well as gene expression of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. Results. T3 treatment was effective, increasing fT3 levels and decreasing fT4 and TSH serum concentration. Administration of T3 promotes weight loss, decreases all fat deposits, and diminishes serum levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin by reducing their gene expression. Conclusions. Our results suggest that T3 modulate serum and gene expression levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin in experimental model of obesity, providing new insights regarding the relationship between T3 and adipokines in obesity. Copyright © 2012 Renata de Azevedo Melo Luvizotto et al. Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu School of Medicine University of São Paulo State, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP Department of Sports Center of Physical Education and Sports Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29075-910 Vitória, ES

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:41:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf: 317389 bytes, checksum: 050fa42a7102f7f1c3eac2678f8a8138 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:41:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf: 317389 bytes, checksum: 050fa42a7102f7f1c3eac2678f8a8138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf: 317389 bytes, checksum: 050fa42a7102f7f1c3eac2678f8a8138 (MD5) S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf.txt: 43869 bytes, checksum: 776bf0fb95907daa85e4d92e05ccaa4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf: 317389 bytes, checksum: 050fa42a7102f7f1c3eac2678f8a8138 (MD5) S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf.txt: 43869 bytes, checksum: 776bf0fb95907daa85e4d92e05ccaa4f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf: 317389 bytes, checksum: 050fa42a7102f7f1c3eac2678f8a8138 (MD5) S0066-782X2011000900008.pdf.txt: 43869 bytes, checksum: 776bf0fb95907daa85e4d92e05ccaa4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 FUNDAMENTO: Treinamento físico (TF) aumenta a sensibilidade dos hormônios tireoidianos (HT) e a expressão gênica de estruturas moleculares envolvidas no movimento intracelular de cálcio do miocárdio, enquanto a restrição alimentar (RIA) promove efeitos contrários ao TF. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da associação TF e RIA sobre os níveis plasmáticos dos HT e a produção de mRNA dos receptores HT e estruturas moleculares do movimento de cálcio do miocárdio de ratos. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se ratos Wistar Kyoto divididos em: controle (C, n = 7), RIA (R50, n = 7), exercício físico (EX, n = 7) e exercício físico + RIA (EX50, n = 7). A RIA foi de 50% e o TF foi natação (1 hora/dia, cinco sessões/semana, 12 semanas consecutivas). Avaliaram-se as concentrações séricas de triiodotironina (T3), tiroxina (T4) e hormônio tireotrófico (TSH). O mRNA da bomba de cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático (SERCA2a), fosfolamban (PLB), trocador Na+/Ca+2 (NCX), canal lento de cálcio (canal-L), rianodina (RYR), calsequestrina (CQS) e receptor de HT (TRα1 e TRβ1) do miocárdio foram avaliados por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. RESULTADOS: RIA reduziu o T4, TSH e mRNA do TRα1 e aumentou a expressão da PLB, NCX e canal-L. TF aumentou a expressão do TRβ1, canal-L e NCX. A associação TF e RIA reduziu T4 e TSH e aumentou o mRNA do TRβ1, SERCA2a, NCX, PLB e correlação do TRβ1 com a CQS e NCX. CONCLUSÃO: Associação TF e RIA aumentou o mRNA das estruturas moleculares cálcio transiente, porém o eixo HT-receptor não parece participar da transcrição gênica dessas estruturas. BACKGROUND: Chronic exercise and food restriction (FR) have directionally opposite changes in transcription of molecular structures of calcium handling and thyroid hormone (TH) status. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association of chronic exercise and FR on serum thyroid hormones and gene transcription of molecular structures of intracellular calcium transients and thyroid receptors in myocardium of rats. METHODS: Male Wistar Kyoto rats, divided into two groups: control (C, n = 7), FR (R50, n = 7), chronic exercise (EX, n = 7) and chronic exercise + FR (EX50, n = 7). FR was of 50% and exercise was swimming (1 hour/day, 5 days/week, during 12 weeks). Serum concentrations of T3, T4 and TSH were determined. The mRNA gene expression of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB), Na+/Ca+2 exchanger (NCX), calcium channel L-type (L-channel), ryanodine (RYR), calsequestrin (CQS) and HT receptor (TRα1 and TRβ1) of the myocardium was performed by PCR real-time. RESULTS: FR reduced serum levels of T4 and TSH and TRα1 mRNA and increased the expression of PLB, NCX and L-channel. Exercise increased the TRβ1 receptor, L-channel and NCX. The association of exercise and FR reduced plasma T4 and TSH, TRβ1 mRNA increase, SERCA2a, NCX and PLB, and there was a significant correlation of TRβ1 with CQS and NXC. CONCLUSION: Chronic exercise and food restriction increased the mRNA of transient Ca2+ proteins; however, TH-receptor axis cannot participate in the transcription of mRNA of myocardial calcium transient proteins. FUNDAMENTO: Entrenamiento físico (EF) aumenta la sensibilidad de las hormonas tiroideas (HT) y la expresión génica de estructuras moleculares envueltas en el movimiento intracelular de calcio del miocardio, mientras que la restricción alimenticia (RA) promueve efectos contrarios al EF. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de la asociación EF y RA sobre los niveles plasmáticos de los HT y la producción de ARNm de los receptores HT y estructuras moleculares del movimiento de calcio del miocardio de ratones. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron ratones Wistar Kyoto divididos en: control (C, n = 7), RA (R50, n = 7), ejercicio físico (EX, n = 7) y ejercicio físico + RA (EX50, n = 7). La RA fue de 50% y el EF fue natación (1 hora/día, cinco sesiones/semana, 12 semanas consecutivas). Se evaluaron las concentraciones séricas de triyodotironina (T3), tiroxina (T4) y hormona tireotrófico (TSH). El ARNm de la bomba de calcio del retículo sarcoplasmático (SERCA2a), fosfolamban (PLB), intercambiador Na+/Ca+2 (NCX), canal lento de calcio (canal-L), rianodina (RYR), calsequestrina (CQS) y receptor de HT (TRα1 y TRβ1) del miocardio fueron evaluados por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real. RESULTADOS: RA redujo el T4, TSH y ARNm del TRα1 y aumentó la expresión de la PLB, NCX y canal-L. EF aumentó la expresión del TRβ1, canal-L y NCX. La asociación EF y RA redujo T4 y TSH y aumentó el ARNm del TRβ1, SERCA2a, NCX, PLB y correlación del TRβ1 con la CQS y NCX. CONCLUSIÓN: Asociación EF y RA aumentó el ARNm de las estructuras moleculares calcio transiente, sin embargo el eje HT-receptor no parece participar de la transcripción génica de esas estructuras. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina

Background This study compared the influence of fasting/refeeding cycles and food restriction on rat myocardial performance and morphology. Methods Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats were submitted to food ad libitum (C), 50% food restriction (R50), and fasting/refeeding cycles (RF) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function was evaluated under baseline conditions and after progressive increase in calcium and isoproterenol. Myocardium ultrastructure was examined in the papillary muscle. Results Fasting/refeeding cycles maintained rat body weight and left ventricle weight between control and food-restricted rats. Under baseline conditions, the time to peak tension (TPT) was more prolonged in R50 than in RF and C rats. Furthermore, the maximum tension decline rate (−d T /d t ) increased less in R50 than in RF with calcium elevation. While the R50 group showed focal changes in many muscle fibers, such as the disorganization or loss of myofilaments, polymorphic mitochondria with disrupted cristae, and irregular appearance or infolding of the plasma membrane, the RF rats displayed few alterations such as loss or disorganization of myofibrils. Conclusion Food restriction promotes myocardial dysfunction, not observed in RF rats, and higher morphological damage than with fasting/refeeding. The increase in TPT may be attributed possibly to the disorganization and loss of myofibrils; however, the mechanisms responsible for the alteration in −d T /d t in R50 needs to be further clarified.

The mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity cause remodeling and cardiac dysfunction are still unknown. Interstitial collagen and myocardial ultrastructure are important in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, and are essential to the adaptive and maladaptive changes associated with obesity. Thus, the accumulation of collagen and ultrastructural damage may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in obesity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiac function in a rat model of diet-induced obesity and to test the hypothesis that cardiac dysfunction induced by obesity is related to myocardial collagen deposition and ultrastructural damage. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were fed standard (control [C]) and hypercaloric diets (obese [Ob]) for 15 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiogram and isolated left ventricle papillary muscle. Cardiac morphology was assessed by histology and electron microscopy. Compared with C rats, Ob rats had increased body fat, systolic blood pressure and area under the curve for glucose, leptin and insulin plasma concentrations. Echocardiographic indexes indicated that Ob rats had increased left ventricular mass, increased systolic stress and depressed systolic function. Analysis of the isolated papillary muscle was consistent with higher myocardial stiffness in Ob compared with C rats. The Ob rats had an increase in myocardial collagen and marked ultrastructural changes compared with C rats. Obesity promotes pathological cardiac remodeling with systolic dysfunction and an increase in myocardial stiffness, which, in turn, is probably related to afterload elevation and cardiac fibrosis. Obesity also causes damage to myocardial ultrastructure, but its effect on myocardial function needs to be further clarified.