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Abstract Recent years have marked a shift in selling and buying illicit psychoactive drugs from darknet cryptomarkets to publicly accessible social media and messaging platforms. As more users turn to procuring drugs this way, the role of digital harm reduction has become particularly urgent. However, one of the main obstacles complicating the implementation of digital harm reduction is the increasingly automated content moderation by the social media platforms. While some platforms are less restrictive about harm reduction content (e.g., TikTok), others implement higher degrees of moderation, including the removal of individual content and banning of entire profile pages (e.g., Instagram). This article discusses community guidelines of five popular social media and messaging platforms and their content moderation tools. It aims to highlight how these guidelines may be inadvertently curbing the dissemination of harm reduction and health promotion materials, and erroneously interpreting it as a promotion of drug use and sales. The discussion concludes that digital harm reduction requires transdisciplinary collaboration of professional organizations, researchers, and social media platforms to ensure reliable implementation of digital harm reduction, and help build safer digital communities.

Abstract Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions primarily affecting the axial skeleton, including sacroiliitis and spondylitis, each with distinct features. This study aimed to investigate imaging disparities, focusing on sacroiliac magnetic resonance and spine radiography, across phenotypes and between males and females in axial SpA. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess clinical data, laboratory findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores of sacroiliac joints using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) and Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score (SSS), and cervical and lumbar spine radiographs utilizing the Modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The study aimed to compare these parameters between two groups: axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA, radiographic and non-radiographic) and axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA), as well as between males and females. Results Ninety-four patients were included, with 62 patients in the axSpA group and 32 patients in the axPsA group. There were no differences in disease activity, mobility, radiographic damage in the spine (Modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score– mSASSS), or sacroiliac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores (Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Magnetic Resonance Imaging Index - SPARCC and Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score - SSS) between the two phenotypes. Regarding sex, in imaging exams, men had higher mSASSS (p = 0.008), SSS (p = 0.001), and fat metaplasia (MG) score based on SSS (p = 0.001), while women had significantly higher SPARCC scores (p = 0.039). In the male group, the presence of HLA-B27 allele had an impact on more structural lesions on MRI (SSS), p = 0.013. Conclusion In this study, imaging of sacroiliac joints and spine in patients with axial SpA did not show differences in phenotypes but did reveal differences based on sex, which may have an impact on future diagnostic recommendations. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

The Amazon region reports the highest incidence of snakebite envenomings in Brazil. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of snakebites in the state of Amazonas and to investigate factors associated with disease severity and lethality. We used a nested case-control study, in order to identify factors associated with snakebite severity and mortality using official Brazilian reporting systems, from 2007 to 2012. Patients evolving to severity or death were considered cases and those with non-severe bites were included in the control group. During the study period, 9,191 snakebites were recorded, resulting in an incidence rate of 52.8 cases per 100,000 person/years. Snakebites mostly occurred in males (79.0%) and in rural areas (70.2%). The most affected age group was between 16 and 45 years old (54.6%). Fifty five percent of the snakebites were related to work activities. Age ≤15 years [OR=1.26 (95% CI=1.03-1.52); (p=0.018)], age ≥65 years [OR=1.53 (95% CI=1.09-2.13); (p=0.012)], work related bites [OR=1.39 (95% CI=1.17-1.63); (p6 hours [OR=1.73 (95% CI=1.45-2.07); (p6 hours [OR=2.01 (95% CI=1.15-3.50); (p=0.013)] were independently associated with the risk of death. Snakebites represent an occupational health problem for rural populations in the Brazilian Amazon with a wide distribution. These results highlight the need for public health strategies aiming to reduce occupational injuries. Most cases of severe disease occurred in the extremes of age, in those with delays in medical attention and those caused by Micrurus bites. These features of victims of snakebite demand adequate management according to well-defined protocols, including prompt referral to tertiary centres when necessary, as well as an effective response from surveillance systems and policy makers for these vulnerable groups.

The compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) method considers the multiple relationships among nutrients and has been proposed to evaluate the nutritional status of plants in place of the univariate and bivariate methods. As it is mathematically based and considers the interactions among all nutrients at the same time, it avoids the errors and trends observed in the calculations of other methods estimating nutritional status, enabling a greater relationship with productivity. The objective of this study was to obtain the CND norms for high-yielding populations of potato crops. For this, 587 samples were used from 21 experimental areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil to correlate the leaf nutrient contents and the yields of potato crops. Crops with yields higher than 48,993.24 kg ha−1 were considered to have high yields, and the Mahalanobis distance separated the balanced samples from the nutritionally unbalanced ones. Thus, the CND-ilr method generated the norms and classified the 587 samples as nutritionally balanced with a high yield (5% of the total), nutritionally unbalanced with a low yield (92%), nutritionally unbalanced with a high yield (0.3%), or nutritionally balanced with a low yield (2.7%), with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV scores of 96.9, 97.1, 93.6, 64.4, and 99.6%, respectively.

Low latency and high bandwidth heralded with 5G networks will allow transmission of large amounts of Mission-Critical data over a short time period. 5G hence unlocks several capabilities for novel Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) applications, developed to support first responders in making faster and more accurate decisions during times of crisis. As various research initiatives are giving shape to the Network Application ecosystem as an interaction layer between vertical applications and the network control plane, in this article we explore how this concept can unlock finer network service management capabilities that can be leveraged by PPDR solution developers. In particular, we elaborate on the role of Network Applications as means for developers to assure prioritization of specific emergency flows of data, such as high-definition video transmission from PPDR field users to remote operators. To demonstrate this potential in future PPDR-over-5G services, we delve into the transfer of network-intensive PPDR solutions to the Network Application model. We then explore novelties in Network Application experimentation platforms, aiming to streamline development and deployment of such integrated systems across existing 5G infrastructures, by providing the reliability and multi-cluster environments they require.

The main objective of this paper is to propose an analytical organization of how studies on the "fear of crime" are structured in academic production, with emphasis on the Latin American one. The theme has already been the subject of important literature reviews, but, in this work, the way authors construct fear as an object of research will be the key element of this new framework. The research was done through a methodological strategy called snowball sampling. Its major result is the use of emotion as the analytical resource capable of structuring the works of disparate contexts in the same organization.

A trajetória da agroindústria canavieira brasileira revela períodos de expansão e contração, o que têm importância significativa para o setor. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os principais aspectos da evolução canavieira desde o período colonial até 2022, à guisa de uma revisão de literatura. Busca-se compreender como os paradigmas enfrentados se manifestaram ao longo das mudanças históricas. Como corolário, houve um período marcado por um forte intervencionismo estatal nessa atividade, desde os tempos do Brasil Colônia até 1990 (com a extinção do Instituto do Açúcar e do Álcool). A partir daí, sobreveio um período de desregulamentação, embora ainda influenciada por políticas governamentais pontuais. Com isso, o cenário em que as crises setoriais não afetaram significativamente os players, devido à existência de um paradigma subvencionista patrocinado pelo Estado, deu lugar a um ambiente em que essas crises resultaram na insolvência ou encerramento de algumas usinas e destilarias. Nesse contexto, as unidades produtivas, que optaram pelo maior desenvolvimento tecnológico e de gestão de seus empreendimentos, tanto no âmbito agrícola como no industrial, demarcaram uma dinâmica diferenciada no processo de concorrência, permitindo-lhes manter uma certa vantagem competitiva. Enquanto outras que não acompanharam esse paradigma tecnológico ficaram em desvantagem.

O presente artigo foca na evolução comparativa da atividade canavieira via censos agropecuários de Alagoas, Pernambuco e São Paulo. Examina a relocalização do setor sucronergético e suas microrregiões selecionadas nos três estados e a passagem da transição das etapas da criação e consolidação do Instituto do açúcar e do álcool (1933-1960), Proálcool (1975-1990), desregulamentação (1991-2002) e o lançamento do carro flex-fuel (2003-atual),, bem como o rendimento agrícola da cana-de-açúcar, área ocupada e quantidade produzida da cana através dos dados dos censos agropecuários de 1975-2006 e a expansão migração e a competição das usinas nordestina com centro-sul na década de noventa.

Introdução: a motivação tem influência direta na manutenção da prática esportiva. Através dela é possível verificar o que leva um indivíduo a realizar determinada atividade física. Objetivo: analisar qual a motivação dos alunos para a prática de futsal nas escolas. Materiais e Métodos: a coleta de dados foi realizada nas principais bases de dados utilizando os descritores: futsal; escola; motivação e Educação Física, agrupados pelo modulador boleano ¨and¨. A seleção dos artigos foi criteriosa e a separação dos mesmos para utilização neste estudo foi com base em parâmetros como: cientificidade das fontes e prazo de publicação entre os anos 2012 e 2022. Desta forma foi possível localizar e apresentar resultados atuais e relevantes para a comunidade acadêmica. Resultados: ao final foram selecionados oito artigos, no qual demonstraram que os pontos de maior destaque para a prática esportiva entre os alunos são para aprender novos esportes, desenvolver habilidades e para manutenção da boa saúde. Conclusão: foi possível depreender que houve um grande interesse dos alunos na prática de futsal na escola, desta forma, cabe aos professores desenvolverem aulas que incentivem e mantenham os alunos nesta prática esportiva.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de ansiedade, depressão e adesão medicamentosa em professores na pandemia do Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e transversal. A amostra foi constituída de 19 professores, na faixa etária de 38 a 56 anos da rede pública estadual da cidade de Montes Claros - MG. Em 68,4% dos avaliados houve ausência de sintomas de ansiedade, 89,5% não relataram nenhum nível de depressão, assim como 89,5% dos investigados afirmaram não fazer uso de medicamentos, exceto aqueles de uso habitual, já utilizados antes mesmo da pandemia, sem relação com a presente pesquisa. Ao final, pode-se depreender que houve uma baixa ou nenhuma prevalência de ansiedade, depressão e adesão medicamentosa na amostra pesquisada, não descartando, porém, a necessidade de implantação de uma política educacional que priorize e acompanhe de perto a saúde psíquica dos educadores

Abstract The objectives of this work were to evaluate the efficiency of visual selection in soybean under a protected environment, to determine if the ability of an evaluator to select visually depends on their experience with the crop, and to study the efficiency of visual selection of traits associated with productivity to obtain income gains. For that, three soybean populations (F3, F4, and F5) were used, composed of 20 families each, conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, with three replicates and experimental units, two plants per pot. In these, five evaluators with different levels of experience with the crop made the visual selection for each plant. Evaluators differ in their ability to identify more productive plants, but this ability is not associated with the evaluator's experience with the crop. In the search for more productive soybean plants, the number of pods per plant is the characteristic that most assists visual selection, provided there is uniformity of experimental conditions and genetic variability.

Several factors affect the passive membrane permeation of small molecules, including size, charge, pH, or the presence of specific chemical groups. Understanding these features is paramount to identifying or designing drug candidates with optimal ADMET properties and this can be achieved through experimental/knowledge-based methodologies or using computational approaches. Empirical methods often lack detailed information about the underlying molecular mechanism. In contrast, Molecular Dynamics-based approaches are a powerful strategy, providing an atomistic description of this process. This technique is continuously growing, featuring new related methodologies. In this work, the recent advances in this research area will be discussed.

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico de adolescentes grávidas no Brasil entre os anos de 2015 até 2019. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, proveniente do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A análise de dados utilizou frequências absolutas e relativas (%). Resultados: foram registradas 2.405.248 adolescentes grávidas. A maioria das gestações ocorreram em meninas de 15 a 19 anos (95,2%), de cor parda (65,4%), solteiras (64,9%), com 8 a 11 anos de instrução materna (66,9%). Quanto as características da gestação, 98,7% foram gravidez única, com duração de 37 a 41 semanas (81,7%) e tipo de parto vaginal (61,2%). A análise temporal apresentou queda de 2015 a 2019. Conclusão: a gravidez na adolescência constitui-se como um evento complexo em que a atenção deve abordar um contexto biopsicossocial. Assim, delinear o perfil sociodemográfico dessas adolescentes é necessário, pois possibilita conhecer a população em estudo e suas condições de vulnerabilidade.

In judo matches, athletes perform different technical-tactical actions according to age, sex, and competitive level. To identify these differences, the Judo Attack System Software (JASS) was developed specifically to assess the combat attack system, consisting of the tori (athlete executing the action) and uke (athlete receiving the action) approach, tori's grip, final displacement, stance (laterality) and direction of attack. To assess the reliability of the software, the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) method was used and resulted in 100% of correct records. To verify the objectivity of the analyses, 40 international matches were used to determine inter-rater and intra-rater agreement. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) demonstrated inter-rater and intra-rater agreement between 0.89 (good) and 1 (excellent) for total attacks, scoring attacks and no-scoring attacks. For the 39 variables analyzed, Cohen's Kappa index (κ) showed that 74.3% obtained classification almost perfect, 20.5% substantial, 2.6% fair and 2.6% poor for the intra-rater analysis. In the inter-rater analysis 15.4% had an almost perfect classification, 41% substantial, 25.6% moderate, 12.8% fair, 2.6% slight, and 2.6% poor. The Judo Attack System Software showed good objectivity inter-rater and intra-rater in most of the proposed measures, becoming an auxiliary tool to register the attack systems in judo combat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) of six soybean (Glycine max) parents, in order to identify the promising ones and their best combinations for the development of superior lines for earliness and grain yield, as well as the best evaluation season. Six parents and their 15 hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, during the 2014 winter and 2015/2016 summer, in a greenhouse. The data obtained for number of days to flowering, cycle, and grain yield were analyzed by Griffing’s method 2, model 1. Contrasting results were obtained for the two seasons, with a shorter cycle and a higher yield in the summer. The highest GCA for cycle is observed for the 'MSOY6101' and 'MSOY9144RR' parents, with negative and positive signs, respectively. 'TMG123RR' shows the highest GCA for grain yield. The highest SCA for days to flowering and cycle is associated with the 'SYN9078RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' and 'TMG123RR' × 'MSOY9144RR' crosses, respectively. However, the highest SCA for grain yield is observed for 'MSOY6101' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a positive value, and for 'TMG801' × 'MSOY9144RR', with a negative value, during the summer.

Paciente submetido a transplante renal com órgão de doador vivo infectado pelo Tripanossoma cruzi e que desenvolve manifestações clínicas de doença de Chagas aguda no segundo mês pós- transplante, sendo tratado com sucesso com benzonidazol. Discutem-se as vias de transmissão e relevância clínica na transplantação de órgãos sólidos assim como as atitudes a serem tomadas diante desta situação.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection in people initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS A sectional section of a prospective cohort study was carried out with people living with HIV, treatment-naive, initiating antiretroviral therapy, older than 16 years, and in follow-up treatment at specialized HIV/Aids care services in Belo Horizonte. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, laboratory and pharmacological treatment-related data were obtained through interviews, medical records, and information systems for logistical control of antiretroviral medications and laboratory tests. The dependent variable was the first episode of active syphilis, recorded by the physician in clinical records, within 12 months after beginning of the antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection were assessed using binary multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 459 individuals included, a prevalence of 19.5% (n = 90) of sexually transmitted infections (STI) was observed, with syphilis (n = 49) being the most frequent STI in these individuals. The prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection was 10.6% (n = 49), and the associated independent factors were alcohol use (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.01–5.26), and having a diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections (OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.24–8.95). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection in people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte. HIV/syphilis co-infection was associated with behavioral and clinical factors, such as alcohol use and diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections. Prior knowledge about the factors associated with this co-infection may support the decisions of health professionals engaged in the care to people living with HIV, with regard to timely diagnosis, guidance, follow-up and adequate treatment, both for syphilis and HIV.

Sulfadiazina e pirimetamina são drogas importantes para o tratamento da toxoplasmose cerebral. Estamos descrevendo o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu insuficiência renal aguda por precipitação de cristais de sulfadiazina e formação de cálculos renais. O diagnóstico do quadro de insuficiência renal aguda foi clínico e laboratorial, sendo importante a presença de inúmeros cristais de sulfadiazina no exame comum de urina e de cálculos renais observados na ecografia abdominal. O tratamento foi conservador com a suspensão da sulfadiazina, alcalinização da urina e hidratação, com rápida recuperação da função renal. Fazemos uma breve revisão da literatura e discutimos alguns pontos relacionados com o diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento da insuficiência renal aguda secundária ao uso de sulfadiazina. As complicações renais do uso de sulfas podem ser prevenidas com adequada hidratação e alcalinização da urina. Como os casos de encefalite pro toxoplasma têm aumentado ultimamente, o uso da sulfadiazina também tem se tornado mais freqüente e portanto a incidência de complicações da cristalúria pode se tornar maior se medidas de prevenção não forem tomadas.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar e compreender os tipos de violência que estão presentes numa cidade média, localizada em Minas Gerais, tomando como variável as condições de desigualdade socioeconômica e espacial a qual estão expostas as vítimas. Para tanto, o referencial teórico pautou-se na teoria da desorganização social e da atividade de rotina. Em termos metodológicos, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, utilizando dados da Polícia Militar, do Bolsa Família e do CENSUS (2014). Os resultados evidenciaram que o tipo de violência sofrida e os respectivos números de ocorrências apareceram relacionados às regiões de planejamento, à faixa etária e ao perfil socioeconômico dos indivíduos. Verificou-se também que os jovens de cor negra/parda, residentes nas regiões de maior vulnerabilidade e segregação socioespacial, foram mais vítimas de agressões físicas e homicídios. Já os jovens de cor branca, residentes nas regiões menos segregadas e de menor vulnerabilidade social, foram mais afetados pelos roubos. Concluiu-se que a desigualdade socioeconômica a qual estão expostos os jovens das regiões é o elemento propiciador da vitimização deles. Depreende-se dessa análise que os tipos de violência vivenciados na cidade não atingem a todos da mesma forma, variando conforme a região, idade, sexo, cor e condições socioeconômicas.