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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Myocardialis infarktus esetén a panasz kezdetétől az ér megnyitásáig eltelt idő prognosztikus jelentőségű, a legtöbb szívizom megmentésére az első órákban van lehetőség. A Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter alapján tudjuk, hogy hazánkban a teljes ischaemiás idő kedvezőtlenül hosszú. Célkitűzés: Az ST-elevációval járó myocardialis infarktusos betegek késési idejét befolyásoló tényezők azonosítása. Módszer: Prospektív klinikai vizsgálatot végeztünk, melynek során a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen a II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológiai Központ Invazív Kardiológiai Részlegére érkezett STEMI-s betegek adatait gyűjtöttük saját kérdőív alapján. Az adatgyűjtés 2019. 01. 01. és 2019. 12. 20. között zajlott, 121 beteg adatait dolgoztuk fel. Eredmények: A medián bejelentési idő 83 perc, a medián prehospitális idő 252 perc, a medián teljes ischaemiás idő 304 perc volt. Az Országos Mentőszolgálat (OMSZ) értesítésekor minden késési idő szignifikánsan rövidebb volt, a Sürgősségi Betegellátó Osztály (SBO) vagy a háziorvos értesítéséhez viszonyítva (a teljes ischaemiás idő mediánja: OMSZ: 233 perc, SBO: 341 perc, háziorvos: 650 perc). A betegek lakhelye szignifikánsan befolyásolta a késési időket és a választott betegutat: a bejelentési idő mediánja városban 60 perc, faluban 147 perc volt; az OMSZ-t értesítette a városi betegek 50%-a, a falusi betegek 25%-a. A közös segélyhívó szám ismerete szignifikánsan rövidítette a betegúthoz tartozó késési időt (a betegútkésés medián ideje, ha a segélyhívó számot ismerte: 178 perc, ha nem ismerte: 268 perc). Következtetés: A késési idők rendkívül hosszúak voltak. A legszorosabb összefüggést a késési időkkel a választott betegút mutatta. A városi emberek előbb jelezték panaszaikat, és gyakrabban választották a megfelelő betegutat, az OMSZ-t, így késési idejük is rövidebb volt. Eredményeink felhívják a figyelmet a társadalom edukációjának fontosságára, különös tekintettel a kis települések lakóira. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(11): 438–445. Summary. Introduction: The time elapsing from myocardial infarction onset to revascularization is prognostic; the most myocardium can be saved in the first hours. According to the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, the total ischaemic time is long in Hungary. Objective: We aimed to identify the factors influencing the delay times of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Method: We performed a prospective clinical study and collected data from 121 patients presenting with STEMI at the Cardiology Center of the University of Szeged in 2019. We filled out a questionnaire by interviewing patients after primary coronary intervention. Results: The medians of the patient delay, prehospital delay time and total ischaemic time were 83, 252 and 304 minutes, respectively. When the Ambulance Service (AS) was notified, every delay time was significantly shorter than those measured when the Emergency Department or the general practitioner was notified. The place of residence of the patients significantly influenced the delay times and the chosen pathway of healthcare: median patient delays were 60 and 147 minutes in cities and villages, respectively; AS was called first by 50% of urban patients vs. 25% of rural patients. Knowing the emergency number was associated with reduced delay times. Conclusion: Delay times were long. The chosen pathway of healthcare had the greatest impact on the delay times. Urban people reported their complaints sooner, were more likely to choose the best healthcare pathway (AS), thus their delay times were shorter. These suggest that it is important to educate the society, especially rural communities. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(11): 438–445.

Tiller number is a key component of plant architecture with direct effect on grain yield of wheat. Interspecific hybridization using wild relative species are promising approach for increasing wheat genetic diversity, including yield potential. Agropyron glael, a perennial hybrid of Thinopyrum intermedium and Th. ponticum has five subgenomes (J, Jst, Jvs, Jr, and St), making A. glael an important gene source for transferring useful agronomical traits into wheat. This work reports on development of a wheat-A. glael translocation line WT153397. Sequential in situ hybridizations with J-, St-, and D-genomic DNA probes and pSc119.2, Afa family, pTa71, and (GAA)7 DNA repeats, as well as an analysis using molecular markers specific for the wheat 6D chromosome, revealed the presence of a 6DS.6Jvs centric fusion in the translocation line. Field trials in low-input and high-input breeding nurseries over three growing seasons demonstrated high compensating ability of the Agropyron chromosome arm for the missing 6DL as spike morphology and fertility of WT153397 did not differ significantly from those of wheat parents. Moreover, the introgressed 6Jvs chromosome arm significantly increased the number of productive tillers, which manifested in the significantly higher grain yield potential relative to the parental wheat cultivars. The translocated chromosome could be flow-sorted in high purity providing an opportunity to employ chromosome genomics to identify Agropyron gene variant(s) responsible for the tillering capacity. The translocation line WT153397 represents an important genetic stock for functional genetic studies of tiller formation and useful breeding material to increase wheat yield potential.

Összefoglaló. A splenogonadalis fúzió ritka fejlődési rendellenesség, melynek lényege az ivarmirigy (leggyakrabban a here) és a lépszövet rendellenes kapcsolódása. A szerzők egy féléves csecsemő esetét kívánják bemutatni, akinél már a megszületést követően észlelhető volt a bal oldali here megnagyobbodása. A műtét előtti képalkotó vizsgálatok (ultrahang, MRI), a fizikális vizsgálat és az intraoperatív lelet a splenogonadalis fúzió lehetőségét vetette fel. A műtét során a makroszkóposan lépszövetnek imponáló elváltozás eltávolításra került, majd rutinorchiopexia történt. A hisztológiai vizsgálat alátámasztotta a feltételezett diagnózist. Az entitást 1883-ban írták le először, azóta kevesebb mint 200 esetről számoltak be az angol nyelvű irodalomban. Az utóbbi 30 évben magyar szerzőktől egy közlemény jelent meg. Az elváltozás a banális szülési trauma okozta haematomára, újszülöttkori heretorzióra, malignus heretumorra is hasonlíthat, komoly differenciáldiagnosztikai problémát okozva. A splenogonadalis fúzió jóindulatú elváltozás, a helyes diagnózis esetén elkerülhető a felesleges orchiectomia. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(7): 288–290. Summary. Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation specified as the presence of splenic tissue connected to the gonads (mainly testis). The authors present the case of a 6-month-old male infant, in whom left inguino-scrotal mass was noticed soon after birth. The mass, based on preoperative diagnostic setup (ultrasound, MRI), physical examination and intraoperative findings were suspicious for splenogonadal fusion. At surgery, the mass was resected from the testis, which macroscopically resembled a splenic tissue. Following the resection, orchiopexy was performed. Histology confirmed splenogonadal fusion. Since the first description of the malformation in 1883, only less than 200 cases have been reported in the English literature. Only a single article has been published in Hungary in the last 30 years. Splenogonadal fusion represents a serious differential diagnostic problem. Hematoma caused by trauma, neonatal testicular torsion, benign or malignant testicular tumors may also present similarly. In our case, proper presumptive diagnosis made it possible to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(7): 288–290.

We report on an 11-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis who presented with thoracic pain and an extensive subcutaneous emphysema and subsequently developed progressive respiratory distress. The chest computed tomography revealed a huge pneumomediastinum. Due to the development of severe respiratory failure, urgent needle thoracocentesis was necessary that resulted in only temporary improvement. Therefore, under general anesthesia two mediastinal drains were introduced. Using active suction, the size of the pneumomediastinum decreased gradually and the drains were removed after 3 weeks. Here, we describe an extremely rare situation, when acute surgical intervention was necessary in a child with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

Grain dietary fiber content is an important health-promoting trait of bread wheat. A dominant dietary fiber component of wheat is the cell wall polysaccharide arabinoxylan and the goatgrass Aegilops biuncialis has high β-glucan content, which makes it an attractive gene source to develop wheat lines with modified fiber composition. In order to support introgression breeding, this work examined genetic variability in grain β-glucan, pentosan, and protein content in a collection of Ae. biuncialis. A large variation in grain protein and edible fiber content was revealed, reflecting the origin of Ae. biuncialis accessions from different eco-geographical habitats. Association analysis using DArTseq-derived SNPs identified 34 QTLs associated with β-glucan, pentosan, water-extractable pentosan, and protein content. Mapping the markers to draft chromosome assemblies of diploid progenitors of Ae. biuncialis underlined the role of genes on chromosomes 1Mb, 4Mb, and 5Mb in the formation of grain β-glucan content, while other QTLs on chromosome groups 3, 6, and 1 identified genes responsible for total- and water-extractable pentosan content. Functional annotation of the associated marker sequences identified fourteen genes, nine of which were identified in other monocots. The QTLs and genes identified in the present work are attractive targets for chromosome-mediated gene transfer to improve the health-promoting properties of wheat-derived foods.

Effective utilization of genetic diversity in wild relatives to improve wheat requires recombination between wheat and alien chromosomes. However, this is suppressed by the

Background: Laboratory skills training is an essential step before conducting minimally invasive surgery in clinical practice. Our main aim was to develop an animal model for training in clinically highly challenging laparoscopic duodenal atresia repair that could be useful in establishing a minimum number of repetitions to indicate safe performance of similar interventions on humans. Materials and methods: A rabbit model of laparoscopic duodenum atresia surgery involving a diamond-shaped duodeno-duodenostomy was designed. This approach was tested in two groups of surgeons: in a beginner group without any previous clinical laparoscopic experience (but having undergone previous standardized dry-lab training, n = 8) and in an advanced group comprising pediatric surgery fellows with previous clinical experience of laparoscopy (n = 7). Each participant performed eight interventions. Surgical time, expert assessment using the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) score, anastomosis quality (leakage) and results from participant feedback questionnaires were analyzed. Results: Participants in both groups successfully completed all eight surgeries. The surgical time gradually improved in both groups, but it was typically shorter in the advanced group than in the beginner group. The leakage rate was significantly lower in the advanced group in the first two interventions, and it reached its optimal level after five operations in both groups. The GOALS and participant feedback scores showed gradual increases, evident even after the fifth surgery. Conclusions: Our data confirm the feasibility of this advanced pediatric laparoscopic model. Surgical time, anastomosis quality, GOALS score and self-assessment parameters adequately quantify technical improvement among the participants. Anastomosis quality reaches its optimal value after the fifth operation even in novice, but uniformly trained surgeons. A minimum number of wet-lab operations can be determined before surgery can be safely conducted in a clinical setting, where the development of further non-technical skills is also required. Open access funding provided by University of Szeged. This study has been funded by FEDER funds through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Program (COMPETE) and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of project No. POCI-01–0145-FEDER-007038, as well as by project No. NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000013, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Bevezetés: A diabetes mellitus (DM) és a kardiovaszkuláris betegségek kapcsolata régóta ismert. Sajnos a kardiológiai ellátásban gyakran háttérbe szorul a DM követése, esetenként diagnosztizálatlan marad, ami kiemelt kockázatot jelent a kardiológiai betegekre. Célul tűztük ki az osztályunkon kezelt kardiológiai betegek körében felmérni a DM előfordulását, szűrési, kezelési tendenciáit. Módszerek: 324 általános kardiológiai beteg adatait vizsgáltuk retrospektíven; a betegeket a Szegedi Tudományegyetem II. sz. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológia Központ Kardiológiai Osztályán 2019. január 1. és 2019. december 31. között kezeltük. Eredmények: Felvételkor a betegek 34%-áról volt ismert a szénhidrátanyagcsere-zavar, ezen betegek 87%-ánál történt DM-kontrollvizsgálat: az esetek 42%-ában a HbA1c-érték meghaladta a 7,0%-os szintet. A betegek 54%-ának módosítottuk a terápiáját; szulfonilurea-terápiában részesülő betegek aránya felvételkor 28%, kezelésmódosítás után 19% (p

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Myocardialis infarktus esetén a panasz kezdetétől az ér megnyitásáig eltelt idő prognosztikus jelentőségű, a legtöbb szívizom megmentésére az első órákban van lehetőség. A Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter alapján tudjuk, hogy hazánkban a teljes ischaemiás idő kedvezőtlenül hosszú. Célkitűzés: Az ST-elevációval járó myocardialis infarktusos betegek késési idejét befolyásoló tényezők azonosítása. Módszer: Prospektív klinikai vizsgálatot végeztünk, melynek során a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen a II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológiai Központ Invazív Kardiológiai Részlegére érkezett STEMI-s betegek adatait gyűjtöttük saját kérdőív alapján. Az adatgyűjtés 2019. 01. 01. és 2019. 12. 20. között zajlott, 121 beteg adatait dolgoztuk fel. Eredmények: A medián bejelentési idő 83 perc, a medián prehospitális idő 252 perc, a medián teljes ischaemiás idő 304 perc volt. Az Országos Mentőszolgálat (OMSZ) értesítésekor minden késési idő szignifikánsan rövidebb volt, a Sürgősségi Betegellátó Osztály (SBO) vagy a háziorvos értesítéséhez viszonyítva (a teljes ischaemiás idő mediánja: OMSZ: 233 perc, SBO: 341 perc, háziorvos: 650 perc). A betegek lakhelye szignifikánsan befolyásolta a késési időket és a választott betegutat: a bejelentési idő mediánja városban 60 perc, faluban 147 perc volt; az OMSZ-t értesítette a városi betegek 50%-a, a falusi betegek 25%-a. A közös segélyhívó szám ismerete szignifikánsan rövidítette a betegúthoz tartozó késési időt (a betegútkésés medián ideje, ha a segélyhívó számot ismerte: 178 perc, ha nem ismerte: 268 perc). Következtetés: A késési idők rendkívül hosszúak voltak. A legszorosabb összefüggést a késési időkkel a választott betegút mutatta. A városi emberek előbb jelezték panaszaikat, és gyakrabban választották a megfelelő betegutat, az OMSZ-t, így késési idejük is rövidebb volt. Eredményeink felhívják a figyelmet a társadalom edukációjának fontosságára, különös tekintettel a kis települések lakóira. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(11): 438-445.The time elapsing from myocardial infarction onset to revascularization is prognostic; the most myocardium can be saved in the first hours. According to the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, the total ischaemic time is long in Hungary.We aimed to identify the factors influencing the delay times of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).We performed a prospective clinical study and collected data from 121 patients presenting with STEMI at the Cardiology Center of the University of Szeged in 2019. We filled out a questionnaire by interviewing patients after primary coronary intervention.The medians of the patient delay, prehospital delay time and total ischaemic time were 83, 252 and 304 minutes, respectively. When the Ambulance Service (AS) was notified, every delay time was significantly shorter than those measured when the Emergency Department or the general practitioner was notified. The place of residence of the patients significantly influenced the delay times and the chosen pathway of healthcare: median patient delays were 60 and 147 minutes in cities and villages, respectively; AS was called first by 50% of urban patients vs. 25% of rural patients. Knowing the emergency number was associated with reduced delay times.Delay times were long. The chosen pathway of healthcare had the greatest impact on the delay times. Urban people reported their complaints sooner, were more likely to choose the best healthcare pathway (AS), thus their delay times were shorter. These suggest that it is important to educate the society, especially rural communities. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(11): 438-445.

The chromosomal constitution of 9 dwarf (D) and 8 semidwarf (SD) lines derived by crossing hexaploid Triticale line NA-75 (AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) with Triticumaestivum (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) cv. Chinese Spring was investigated using molecular cytogenetic techniques: fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization. A wheat-rye translocation (T4DS.7RL), 8 substitution lines, and a ditelosomic addition line (7RSdt) were identified. In the substitution lines, 1, 2, or 4 pairs of wheat chromosomes, belonging to the A, B, or D genome, were replaced by rye chromosomes. Substitutions between chromosomes belonging to different wheat genomes [5B(5A), 1D(1B)] also occurred. The lines were genetically stable, each carrying 42 chromosomes, except the wheat-rye ditelosomic addition line, which carried 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and 1 pair of rye telocentric chromosomes (7RS). The chromosome pairing behavior of the lines was studied during metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome pairing level and the number of ring bivalents were different for each line. Besides rod bivalents, univalent and multivalent associations (tri- and quadrivalents) were also detected. The main goal of the experiment was to develop genetically stable wheat/Triticale recombinant lines carrying chromosomes/chromatin fragments originating from the R genome of Triticale line NA-75. Introgression of rye genes into hexaploid wheat can broaden its genetic diversity, and the newly developed lines can be used in wheat breeding programs.

Urothelial neoplasms of the bladder (UNB) are considerably rare throughout the pediatric population. UNB develops from the urothelial tissue in the form of a benign disease, generally favoring a successful prognosis in the majority of cases. The authors present the diagnosis and treatment regarding two medical case reports in which urothelial papilloma was diagnosed and effectively treated. Case 1: A 15-year-old male patient was presented to our clinic complaining of a painless yet distinctive, macroscopic form of hematuria. Following a routine examination, which included ultrasound (US) and intravenous pyelography, the urethrocystoscopy revealed an intravesical solitary lesion positioned in the vicinity of the left ureteral orifice. Additionally, histology confirmed urothelial papilloma. During the follow-up, laboratory, urinary control tests, and US results all proved negative. Case 2: A 13-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic and examined, in regard to complaints associated with recurrent abdominal pain. The pathology was discovered incidentally on abdominal US. Preoperative US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies ensued, resulting in a scheduled MRI, followed by urethrocystoscopy, which confirmed an intravesical solitary lesion positioned near the right ureteral orifice. Histology revealed urothelial papilloma. During the follow-up control cystoscopy, one resection was repeated due to the presence of a residual tumor. Today, 10 years since the presence of uroepithelial papilloma, both patients are asymptomatic and tumor-free. If there is likely suspicion of recurrence, cystoscopy is recommended.

The theory and practice of real-estate valuation has attracted immense interest over the past decades. This paper is concerned with the sales comparison approach. First, a brief survey of some procedures used worldwide, the sales comparison by adjustments, the hedonic regression and the hedonic price index method, is presented. To improve the versatility of property appraisals a new valuation method, as a combination of multi-objective optimization (MOO) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is developed. A unique feature of this model is that it enables the appraiser to evaluate the characteristics of a property on those scales of measurement to which they belong de facto. To comply with this objective, distinct metric distance functions on each scale of measurement, including the two qualitative scales (nominal and ordinal), are employed. After that, the physical worth of a property is derived as a weighted sum of the composite scores. This can be measured on an interval scale. To predict the monetary worth of a property, a simple linear regression model is developed. The benefits of the use of this multi-attribute valuation method is also discussed. A comprehensive real-world study showing the application of the procedure is included.

The worldwide increase in frequency of traffic for passenger trains and the rise of freight trains over the recent years necessitate the more intense deployment of track monitoring and rail inspection procedures. The wheel-rail contact forces, induced by the static axle loads of the vehicle and the dynamic effects of ground-borne vibration coming from the track superstructure, have been a significant factor contributing to the degradation of the railway track system. Measurements of track irregularities have been applied since the early days of railway engineering to reveal the current condition and quality of railway lines. Track geometry is a term used to collectively refer to the measurable parameters including the faults of railway tracks and rails. This paper is aiming to review the characteristics of compact inertial measurement systems (IMUs), their components, installation, the basic measures of the quality of the track using motion sensors, like accelerometers, gyroscopes and other sensing devices mounted on different places of the vehicle. Additionally, the paper briefly discusses the fundamentals of inertial navigation, the kinematics of the translational and rotational train motions to obtain orientation, velocity and position information.

Összefoglaló. A splenogonadalis fúzió ritka fejlődési rendellenesség, melynek lényege az ivarmirigy (leggyakrabban a here) és a lépszövet rendellenes kapcsolódása. A szerzők egy féléves csecsemő esetét kívánják bemutatni, akinél már a megszületést követően észlelhető volt a bal oldali here megnagyobbodása. A műtét előtti képalkotó vizsgálatok (ultrahang, MRI), a fizikális vizsgálat és az intraoperatív lelet a splenogonadalis fúzió lehetőségét vetette fel. A műtét során a makroszkóposan lépszövetnek imponáló elváltozás eltávolításra került, majd rutinorchiopexia történt. A hisztológiai vizsgálat alátámasztotta a feltételezett diagnózist. Az entitást 1883-ban írták le először, azóta kevesebb mint 200 esetről számoltak be az angol nyelvű irodalomban. Az utóbbi 30 évben magyar szerzőktől egy közlemény jelent meg. Az elváltozás a banális szülési trauma okozta haematomára, újszülöttkori heretorzióra, malignus heretumorra is hasonlíthat, komoly differenciáldiagnosztikai problémát okozva. A splenogonadalis fúzió jóindulatú elváltozás, a helyes diagnózis esetén elkerülhető a felesleges orchiectomia. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(7): 288-290. Summary. Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation specified as the presence of splenic tissue connected to the gonads (mainly testis). The authors present the case of a 6-month-old male infant, in whom left inguino-scrotal mass was noticed soon after birth. The mass, based on preoperative diagnostic setup (ultrasound, MRI), physical examination and intraoperative findings were suspicious for splenogonadal fusion. At surgery, the mass was resected from the testis, which macroscopically resembled a splenic tissue. Following the resection, orchiopexy was performed. Histology confirmed splenogonadal fusion. Since the first description of the malformation in 1883, only less than 200 cases have been reported in the English literature. Only a single article has been published in Hungary in the last 30 years. Splenogonadal fusion represents a serious differential diagnostic problem. Hematoma caused by trauma, neonatal testicular torsion, benign or malignant testicular tumors may also present similarly. In our case, proper presumptive diagnosis made it possible to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(7): 288-290.

Introduction: Duplex kidneys are the most common anomaly of the upper urinary tract in childhood, with an incidence of 0.8%.1 The upper moiety is associated with ectopic ureter, ureterocel...

The chromosomal constitution of 9 dwarf (D) and 8 semidwarf (SD) lines derived by crossing hexaploid Triticale line NA-75 (AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) with Triticumaestivum (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) cv. Chinese Spring was investigated using molecular cytogenetic techniques: fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization. A wheat-rye translocation (T4DS.7RL), 8 substitution lines, and a ditelosomic addition line (7RSdt) were identified. In the substitution lines, 1, 2, or 4 pairs of wheat chromosomes, belonging to the A, B, or D genome, were replaced by rye chromosomes. Substitutions between chromosomes belonging to different wheat genomes [5B(5A), 1D(1B)] also occurred. The lines were genetically stable, each carrying 42 chromosomes, except the wheat-rye ditelosomic addition line, which carried 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and 1 pair of rye telocentric chromosomes (7RS). The chromosome pairing behavior of the lines was studied during metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome pairing level and the number of ring bivalents were different for each line. Besides rod bivalents, univalent and multivalent associations (tri- and quadrivalents) were also detected. The main goal of the experiment was to develop genetically stable wheat/Triticale recombinant lines carrying chromosomes/chromatin fragments originating from the R genome of Triticale line NA-75. Introgression of rye genes into hexaploid wheat can broaden its genetic diversity, and the newly developed lines can be used in wheat breeding programs.

The cytomolecular discrimination of the Am- and A-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-Triticum monococcum introgression lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with the commonly used DNA probes Afa family, 18S rDNA and pSc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in T. monococcum relative to bread wheat made it possible to differentiate the Am and A chromosomes within homoeologous groups 1, 4 and 5. In order to provide additional chromosomal landmarks to discriminate the Am and A chromosomes, the microsatellite repeats (GAA)n, (CAG)n, (CAC)n, (AAC)n, (AGG)n and (ACT)n were tested as FISH probes. These showed that T. monococcum chromosomes have fewer, generally weaker, simple sequence repeat (SSR) signals than the A-genome chromosomes of hexaploid wheat. A differential hybridisation pattern was observed on 6Am and 6A chromosomes with all the SSR probes tested except for the (ACT)n probe. The 2Am and 2A chromosomes were differentiated by the signals given by the (GAA)n, (CAG)n and (AAC)n repeats, while only (GAA)n discriminated the chromosomes 3Am and 3A. Chromosomes 7Am and 7A could be differentiated by the lack of (GAA)n and (AGG)n signals on 7A. As potential landmarks for identifying the Am chromosomes, SSR repeats will facilitate the introgression of T. monococcum chromatin into wheat.

Barley chromosome 5H, carrying important QTLs for plant adaptation and tolerance to abiotic stresses, is extremely instable in the wheat genetic background and is eliminated in the early generations of wheat-barley crosses. A spontaneous wheat-barley 5HS-7DS.7DL translocation was previously obtained among the progenies of the Mv9kr1 x Igri hybrid. The present work reports on the transfer of the 5HS-7DS.7DL translocation into a modern wheat cultivar, Mv Bodri, in order to use it in the wheat breeding program. The comparison of the hybridization bands of DNA repeats HvT01, pTa71, (GAA)n and the barley centromere-specific (AGGGAG)n in Igri barley and the 5HS-7DS.7DL translocation, together with the visualization of the barley chromatin made it possible to determine the size of the introgressed barley segment, which was approximately 74% of the whole 5HS. Of the 29 newly developed PCR markers, whose source ESTs were selected from the Genome Zipper of barley chromosome 5H, 23 were mapped in the introgressed 1-0.26 FL 5HS bin, three were located in the missing C-0.26 FL region, while three markers were specific for 5HL. The translocation breakpoint was flanked by markers Hv7502 and Hv3949. A comparison of the parental wheat cultivars and the wheat-barley introgression lines indicated that the presence of the translocation improved tillering ability in the Mv9kr1 and Mv Bodri genetic background. The similar or better yield components under high- or low-input cultivation environments, respectively, indicated that the 5HS-7DS.7DL translocation had little or no negative effect on yield components, making it a promising genotype to improve wheat genetic diversity. These results promise to accelerate functional genomic studies on barley chromosome 5H and to support pre-breeding and breeding research on wheat.

Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R. Dewey has served as an important gene source for wheat breeding improvement for many years. The exact characterization of its chromosomes is important for the detailed analysis of prebreeding materials produced with this species. The major aim of this study was to identify and characterize new molecular markers to be used for the rapid analysis of E genome chromatin in wheat background. Sixty of the 169 conserved orthologous set (COS) markers tested on diverse wheat-Th. elongatum disomic/ditelosomic addition lines were assigned to various Th. elongatum chromosomes and will be used for marker-assisted selection. The macrosyntenic relationship between the wheat and Th. elongatum genomes was investigated using EST sequences. Several rearrangements were revealed in homoeologous chromosome groups 2, 5, 6 and 7, while chromosomes 1 and 4 were conserved. Molecular cytogenetic and marker analysis showed the presence of rearranged chromosome involved in 6ES and 2EL arms in the 6E disomic addition line. The selected chromosome arm-specific COS markers will make it possible to identify gene introgressions in breeding programmes and will also be useful in the development of new chromosome-specific markers, evolutionary analysis and gene mapping.

The 3HS.3BL spontaneous Robertsonian translocation obtained from the progenies of wheat–barley (Chinese Spring × Betzes) hybrids backcrossed with wheat line Mv9kr1 was transferred into the modern Martonvásár wheat cultivar Mv Bodri. The translocation was identified with molecular cytogenetic methods. The inheritance of the translocation was traced using genomic in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using barley subtelomeric (HvT01) and centromere-specific [(AGGGAG)4] repetitive DNA probes confirmed that the complete barley chromosome arm was involved in the Robertsonian translocation. The wheat-specific repetitive DNA probes identified the presence of the whole wheat genome, except the short arm of the 3B chromosome. Genotypes homozygous for the centric fusion were selected, after which morphological analysis was performed on the plants and the yield components were measured in the field during two consecutive vegetative seasons. The introgression of the 3HS.3BL translocation into the modern wheat cultivar Mv Bodri significantly reduced the plant height due to the incorporation of the dwarfing allele RhtD1b. The presence of the 3HS.3BL translocation in the Mv9kr1 and Mv Bodri wheat background improved tillering and seeds per plant productivity in field experiments carried out in Martonvásár and Keszthely, Hungary.

A recently developed synthetic amphiploid, Triticum timococcum Kost., nom. nud. (2n = 6x = 42, AtAtGGAmAm) is described in the present study. This hexaploid taxon was developed by colchicine treatment in Martonvasar from the hybrid of a selected accession of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG) and a prebred semi-dwarf line of Triticum monococcum L. (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm). A detailed cytomolecular examination was carried out using the sequential multicolour fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization techniques (FISH and mcGISH). It was proved that T. timococcum has 42 chromosomes originating from its parents. The chromosomes of the A genomes of T. monococcum and T. timopheevii could be distinguished in the amphiploid using FISH. The successful discrimination of the chromosomes was supported by the karyotypes of the three genomes and the successful optimization of the mcGISH technique for the A and G chromosomes achieved in the present study. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out under natural and artificial growing conditions in 2012 and 2013. Based on the results, T. timococcum has intermediate characteristics in terms of spike (spikelet) shape and plant height, while it is similar to the female parent, T. timopheevii regarding pubescence. Like its parents, T. timococcum showed outstanding resistance to the main fungal diseases of wheat. T. timococcum headed later and developed longer and looser spikes, fewer tillers and only a third as many seeds than its parents. The third generation of T. timococcum was able to develop an acceptable number of seeds, even taking into account the reduced germination ability in the field.

Background and Purpose Predicting lethal arrhythmia liability from beat-to-beat variability and instability (BVI) of the ECG intervals is a useful technique in drug assessment. Most investigators use only arrhythmia-free ECGs for this. Recently, it was shown that drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) liability can be predicted more accurately from BVI measured irrespective of rhythm, even during arrhythmias (absolute BVI). The present study tested the broader applicability of this assessment by examining whether absolute BVI parameters predict another potential lethal arrhythmia, ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). Experimental Approach Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to regional ischaemia for 15 min. Absolute BVI parameters were derived from ECG intervals measured in 40 consecutive ventricular complexes (irrespective of rhythm) immediately preceding VF onset and compared with time-matched values in hearts not expressing VF. Key Results Increased frequency of non-sinus beats and ‘R on T’ arrhythmic beats, shortened mean RR and electrical diastolic intervals, and increased BVI of cycle length and repolarization predicted VF occurrence. Absolute BVI parameters that quantify variability of repolarization (e.g. ‘short-term variability’ of QT interval) had the best predictive power with high sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, VF was not predicted by any BVI parameter derived from the last arrhythmia-free interlude before VF. Conclusions and Implications The novel absolute BVI parameters that predicted TdP in rabbit also predict ischaemia-induced VF in rat, indicating a diagnostic and mechanistic congruence. Repolarization inhomogeneity represents a pivotal biomarker of ischaemia-induced VF. The newly validated biomarkers could serve as surrogates for VF in pre-clinical drug investigations.

Chromosomes 5A (u) , 5S and 5D can be isolated from wild progenitors, providing a chromosome-based approach to develop tools for breeding and to study the genome evolution of wheat. The three subgenomes of hexaploid bread wheat originated from Triticum urartu (A(u)A(u)), from a species similar to Aegilops speltoides (SS) (progenitor of the B genome), and from Ae. tauschii (DD). Earlier studies indicated the potential of chromosome genomics to assist gene transfer from wild relatives of wheat and discover novel genes for wheat improvement. This study evaluates the potential of flow cytometric chromosome sorting in the diploid progenitors of bread wheat. Flow karyotypes obtained by analysing DAPI-stained chromosomes were characterized and the contents of the chromosome peaks were determined. FISH analysis with repetitive DNA probes proved that chromosomes 5A(u), 5S and 5D could be sorted with purities of 78-90 %, while the remaining chromosomes could be sorted in groups of three. Twenty-five conserved orthologous set (COS) markers covering wheat homoeologous chromosome groups 1-7 were used for PCR with DNA amplified from flow-sorted chromosomes and genomic DNA. These assays validated the cytomolecular results as follows: peak I on flow karyotypes contained chromosome groups 1, 4 and 6, peak II represented homoeologous group 5, while peak III consisted of groups 2, 3 and 7. The isolation of individual chromosomes of wild progenitors provides an attractive opportunity to investigate the structure and evolution of the polyploid genome and to deliver tools for wheat improvement.