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Aim: To record the results and experiences from a 10-y screening period with the anterior-dynamic ultrasound method for detecting neonatal hip instability.Methods: An ultrasonographic improvement of the Palmén/Barlow test was used. The screening programme included 22,047 newborns. Decisions about treatment were made solely on the ultrasound result.Results: It was found that 175 infants (7.9/1000) had at least one unstable hip--dislocated or dislocatable. Dislocated hips were found in 1.1/1000. Dislocatable hips were found in 6.8/1000 but only 1.1/1000 needed treatment. The total frequency of treatment was 2.2/1000. All cases but one were diagnosed before discharge from the maternity ward. The rate of surgery was 0.1/1000 newborns. Girls were more affected than boys, by a ratio of 3:1. Among the affected hips 64.4% were a left hip.Conclusion: Neonatal hip instability is always present at birth and can be diagnosed immediately after birth. We have no indications that instability can appear at a later stage. The anterior-dynamic ultrasound screening programme is an efficient tool to diagnose neonatal hip instability and to decide when to begin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and type of hip-joint instability and the frequency of hip dislocation requiring treatment in neonates who had been lying in the breech presentation and were delivered vaginally after an external version or by caesarean section, and to compare them with neonates who were naturally in the vertex presentation. Breech presentations without ongoing labour were subjected to an attempted external version and, in cases where this proved unsuccessful or where labour had started, to deliver by caesarean section. None of the breech presentations was vaginally delivered. The anterior-dynamic ultrasound method was used to assess the hip-joint status of the neonates. Out of 6571 foetuses, 257 were in breech presentation after 36 wk of pregnancy. Sixty-two were vaginally delivered following an external version to vertex presentation and 195 were delivered by caesarean section, 75 of these following unsuccessful attempts to perform a version. Treatment for congenital hip-joint dislocation was performed on 0.2%. Out of the breech presentations, 1.0% of those delivered by caesarean section were treated, while in those with vaginal delivery following an external version the treatment frequency was 3.2%. No case of late diagnosed hip dislocation was recorded. Significant differences in frequency of hip-joint instability and treatment were found between (i) neonates delivered in breech presentation and those delivered with vertex presentation, (ii) infants delivered in vertex presentation, naturally or after successful version, and (iii) those delivered by caesarean section with or without attempted external version and those delivered with vortex presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1)-deficiency. WE is most commonly seen among patients with alcohol abuse, and thiamine deficiency is here caused by several factors, among others inadequate diet, insufficient gastrointestinal absorption and enzymatic abnormalities. The syndrome, however, is also seen among non-alcoholic, undernourished patients, e.g. certain patients with cancer or AIDS. The diagnosis WE has traditionally been given when the triad of confusion, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia was present. However, it should be recognised, that these three symptoms are not always present at the same time, partly because the mental symptoms often dominate and cloud, possible ocular abnormalities and ataxia. The syndrome is, according to the author's opinion, still underdiagnosed. The treatment of WE, consisting of large doses of intravenous thiamine, is effective and safe, and therefore it is important to be aware of WE among risk-patients, especially among patients with alcohol abuse, and to institute treatment with intravenous thiamine at the slightest suspicion.

In a five-year period from 1984-1988, 248 patients were referred to a sexological working group located at the psychiatric departments in Frederiksborg County. The material was analysed retrospectively. Only a minor group of patients presenting sexual complaints are offered counselling or therapy. Two thirds of the patients were referred from their general practitioners. The main problems were erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire in men--and reduced sexual desire and orgasmic dysfunction in women. Compared to a specialized sexological clinic, a lower frequency of sexual deviations was observed. In 3/4 a need for sexological treatment was demonstrated. It is argued that it will be an appropriate task to have a unit for visitation and treatment in each county for example in a psychiatric context. In one fifth of the patients, a psychiatric diagnosis of relevance for the treatment was recorded. We need to reevaluate the actual structure for sexological treatment. Only one specialized clinic in the country seems to little, when most patients are treated as out-patients.

The preoperative use of computed tomography in the planning for osseointegrated implants in the maxilla is described. In addition to the image of the soft tissue and alveolar bone provided, this procedure makes the deduction of the ideal fixture site possible. This is done using information supplied by the CT scanning. It is a time-saving method compared to conventional tomography and eliminates the need for panoramic and intra-oral radiographs.

Insufficient nutrition to the root surface of autotransplanted mature human teeth after transplantation could be an explanation for the high rates of complications such as root resorption and loss of the tooth transplant. Insufficient nutrition is suggested as being due to the distance between the recipient site tissue and the root surface, and the presence of a blood-clot between the tissues. Improved nutrition could be achieved by transplanting into contact with the vascularised connective tissue of a healing wound. To test this hypothesis, a series of human teeth with fully developed roots were autotransplanted to recipient sites prepared and left to heal for 14 days before transplantation. This study is a follow-up of 57 transplants with a minimum observation time of 1 year. Periodic radiographic examinations of the teeth were performed up to 5 years after transplantation. The results presented, showed a lower incidence of root resorption and extractions than previously reported for teeth with fully developed roots.

Longitudinal studies of endodontic treatment are rare. The purpose of this investigation was to study changes in frequency, technical standard and treatment need in a Swedish population with an interval of 5-7 years. The number of endodontically treated teeth in the population increased while the number of periradicular radiolucencies was at about the same level at the second examination. The number of radiolucencies found in endodontically treated teeth was reduced while it was increased in untreated teeth. The number of root fillings ending less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth as well as fillings with a proper seal had increased at the second examination, but still only 40.2% ended less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth and 59.1% of the root fillings were judged to have a proper seal. It was concluded that a great need for endodontic treatment existed in the population examined. A slight improvement in the quality of the treatment was evident at the second examination. However, the technical standard was still poor and obviously affected the outcome of the treatment. It is the opinion of the authors that endodontic treatment methods should be simplified as much as possible in an effort to improve the technical quality of the treatment. The prognosis of endodontic treatment would then improve as well.