413 results on '"Anderson MC"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of energy fluxes estimations over Italy using time-differencing models based on thermal remote sensing data
- Author
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CAMMALLERI, Carmelo, Anderson, MC, CIRAOLO, Giuseppe, Kustas, WP, Hain, C, Schultz, L, Mecikalski, JR, D'URSO, GUIDO, Neale, CMU, Cosh, MH, IAHS Red Book series, Cammalleri, C, Anderson, MC, Ciraolo, G, D’Urso, G, Kustas, WP, Hain, C, Schultz, L, and Mecikalski, JR
- Subjects
Actual evapotranspiration ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Geostationary satellite ,Time-differential surface energy balance ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (all) - Abstract
Large area estimations of land surface fluxes can be a useful operational tool for up-scaling local measurements and can serve as an upper-boundary condition for higher spatial resolution applications. Given hourly measurements of radiometric surface temperature from a geostationary satellite, it is possible to derive the partitioning of energy fluxes based on the influence of the evapotranspiration process on morning surface temperature rise. In this work, the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model and the Dual Temperature Difference (DTD) approach were applied in order to relate the sensible heat flux to time-differential remote observations of surface temperature obtained from Meteosat satellite data. Copyright © 2012 IAHS Press.
- Published
- 2012
3. Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to global scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery
- Author
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ANDERSON, MC, KUSTAS, WP, NORMAN, JM, HAIN, CR, MECIKALSKI, JR, SCHULTZ, L, GONZÁLEZ DUGO, MP, D’URSO, G, PIMSTEIN, A, GAO, F., CAMMALLERI, Carmelo, ANDERSON, MC, KUSTAS, WP, NORMAN, JM, HAIN, CR, MECIKALSKI, JR, SCHULTZ, L, GONZÁLEZ-DUGO, MP, CAMMALLERI, C, D’URSO, G, PIMSTEIN, A, and GAO, F
- Subjects
daily evapotranspiration ,global scale ,geostationary satellite ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali - Abstract
Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (soil moisture, advection, air temperature) are affecting plant stress. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to sub-surface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil+canopy) land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5–10 km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI), spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions of 30 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe and, Africa and other continents with geostationary satellite coverage.
- Published
- 2010
4. Actual evapotranspiration assessment in a sparse tall Mediterranean crops
- Author
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CAMMALLERI, Carmelo, CIRAOLO, Giuseppe, LA LOGGIA, Goffredo, MINACAPILLI, Mario, Anderson, MC, D’Urso, G, Kustas, WP, Cammalleri, C, Anderson, MC, Ciraolo, G, D’Urso, G, Kustas, WP, La Loggia, G, and Minacapilli, M
- Subjects
Actual evapotranspiration ,High spatial resolution ,Semi-arid area ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Two-source energy balance ,Sparse canopy - Published
- 2010
5. PRO
- Author
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Anderson Mc
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Loop (topology) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,law ,business.industry ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Surgery ,Laser ,business ,Cervical biopsy ,law.invention - Published
- 1991
6. Preoperative Control of Splenic Artery Inflow in Patients With Splenic Venous Occlusion*
- Author
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Vujic Ij, Anderson Mc, Mauterer Dj, and David B. Adams
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemorrhage ,Splenic artery ,Catheterization ,Pancreatectomy ,medicine.artery ,Preoperative Care ,Occlusion ,medicine ,Humans ,Vascular Diseases ,Embolization ,Intraoperative Complications ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Balloon catheter ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Intraoperative Hemorrhage ,medicine.disease ,Arterial occlusion ,Surgery ,Pancreatitis ,Splenic Vein ,Splenic vein ,Chronic Disease ,Splenectomy ,Portal hypertension ,Female ,business ,Splenic Artery - Abstract
Splenic vein occlusion due to chronic pancreatitis may result in "left-sided portal hypertension," which is associated with gastric variceal hemorrhage. Intraoperative hemorrhage is also a major problem in this patient group, and it has been suggested that preoperative splenic arterial occlusion offers a means to diminish intraoperative blood loss. In order to assess the benefit of preoperative control of arterial inflow on intraoperative blood loss, we reviewed retrospectively 16 cases of chronic pancreatitis and associated splenic vein occlusion in patients who had splenectomy. There was a significant difference in estimated intraoperative blood loss in the two patient groups (P less than .05). Preoperative inflow control was obtained with a wedge balloon catheter or autologous clot embolization with an estimated mean blood loss of 1771 mL in seven patients. Nine patients had splenectomy without inflow control, with a mean estimated intraoperative blood loss of 3332 mL. The mean difference was 1560 mL. Preoperative control of splenic artery inflow can diminish intraoperative blood loss during splenectomy in the presence of splenic vein occlusion associated with chronic pancreatitis.
- Published
- 1990
7. Surgical Pathology of the Ovaries
- Author
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Anderson, MC
- Subjects
Book Reviews - Published
- 1991
8. Pathology of the Uterine Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva. Vol 21. Major Problems in Pathology
- Author
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Anderson, MC
- Subjects
Book Reviews - Published
- 1991
9. The medium is the messenger: using podcasting to deliver consumer health information.
- Author
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Anderson MC
- Abstract
Podcasting is a method of distributing audio content over the Internet that can then be downloaded to mobile players. Podcasts have the potential to change the way consumer health information is delivered to the end user. The fact is that podcast use is growing; more and more people are using podcasts to obtain information. Podcast topics are incredibly diverse, from pure entertainment to academic and professional contexts. This article analyzes the current landscape of consumer health podcasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Developing an international learning experience in the Gambia, West Africa: the rewards and challenges of a complex partnership.
- Author
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Mason CH and Anderson MC
- Abstract
An international educational program that engages students in healthcare in another culture is a wonderful way to immerse students in diversity issues. However, developing these types of international programs are challenging for many reasons. It takes a great deal of time,financial resources, and ongoing commitment from all involved. Even with the known benefits of developing international educational partnerships many nursing programs lack the personnel and or financial resources to develop and!or to sustain these programs overtime. By partnering with other universities and local hospitals extra financial and personnel resources become available to develop and help sustain these international educational programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
11. A measure of food seeking in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome.
- Author
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Young J, Zarcone J, Holsen L, Anderson MC, Hall S, Richman D, Butler MG, and Thompson T
- Abstract
Background Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a chromosome 15 genetic disorder, often have a significant preoccupation with food and problem behaviour related to food seeking is often prevalent. Methods In the present study, we compared how individuals with PWS responded on a survey regarding the acceptability of food in various locations that varied according to degree of appropriateness for human consumption (e.g. food on a plate, food in a garbage can). For a subgroup of participants, we observed how they actually responded when placed in a room with food items placed in the same locations depicted in the survey. In the first part of the study, three groups (25 typically developing individuals, 7 individuals with intellectual disability (ID), and 19 individuals with PWS) responded to a visual survey to determine the degree of acceptability of food items in various locations (e.g. on a table near a hairbrush, on the floor behind a toy box, in a trash can). In the second part of the study, these food items (popcorn, jelly beans) were placed in the 12 locations described above. Nine individuals diagnosed with PWS (deletion type) and three individuals with ID were given some break time in the room for 15 min. The amount of food consumed, the time spent food seeking, and time spent interacting with materials were measured. Results Results of the survey indicated that the PWS group differed significantly with regard to how they responded on the survey from the typically developing group, but did not differ significantly from the ID group. Results of the food seeking observations indicated that only three individuals with PWS ate a significant number of items. The three individuals did not differ from the rest of the group according to IQ or compulsivity score; however, they had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) scores and were younger than the other participants. Conclusions The findings from the survey indicate that individuals with PWS are able to discriminate the appropriateness of eating items in more or less contaminated areas; however, the amount of time spent seeking food and the amount of food covertly consumed appeared to depend more directly on age and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Perfect peace at work? Is a peaceful existence possible when the workplace becomes challenging, even downright distasteful?
- Author
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Anderson MC and Lanig H
- Published
- 2004
13. Twentieth-century social and health-care influences on location of death in Canada.
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Wilson DM, Smith SL, Anderson MC, Northcott HC, Fainsinger RL, Stingl MJ, and Truman CD
- Published
- 2002
14. White matter abnormalities in mobility-impaired older persons.
- Author
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Guttmann CRG, Benson R, Warfield SK, Wei X, Anderson MC, Hall CB, Abu-Hasaballah K, Mugler JP III, Wolfson L, Guttmann, C R, Benson, R, Warfield, S K, Wei, X, Anderson, M C, Hall, C B, Abu-Hasaballah, K, Mugler, J P 3rd, and Wolfson, L
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Using scenarios as a testing method in teaching health assessment.
- Author
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Wales MA, Cook LH, Skillen DL, Anderson MC, Ross C, and Day RA
- Published
- 1997
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16. Percutaneous drainage of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections
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John H. Stanley, R P Gobien, Smith Rw, J. G. Andriole, Anderson Mc, and Stephen I. Schabel
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Percutaneous ,business.industry ,Pancreatic Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Pancreas pseudocyst ,Abscess ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pancreatic Pseudocyst ,Catheter drainage ,medicine ,Drainage ,Humans ,Abdomen ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Pancreatic Cyst ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Pancreas ,business - Abstract
Radiographically guided therapeutic percutaneous catheter drainage was used to manage 25 patients with 27 pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections. Nine of 11 (82%) noninfected and 11 of 16 (69%) infected collections were successfully managed with percutaneous drainage. Overall, eight complications and four deaths occurred in this group of patients. The morbidity and mortality in this series is somewhat higher than that previously reported in the radiologic literature. A discussion of the guidelines for percutaneous drainage is presented.
- Published
- 1988
17. Percutaneous drainage of pancreatic duct for treating acute pancreatitis
- Author
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Anderson Mc, John H. Stanley, R P Gobien, and I Vujic
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Percutaneous ,Recurrent acute pancreatitis ,Catheterization ,Recurrent pancreatitis ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Abscess ,Pancreatic duct ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Pancreatic Ducts ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pancreatitis ,Acute Disease ,Acute pancreatitis ,Drainage ,Intractable pain ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Surgical patients - Abstract
Chronic recurrent pancreatitis with intractable pain, acute pancreatitis not responding to optimal medical management, and a variety of complications ranging from pseudocyst to abscess are most often treated by surgical intervention [1]. We describe a case of recurrent acute pancreatitis in a highrisk surgical patient managed acutely and maintained long term by CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of the pancreatic duct.
- Published
- 1983
18. Diffuse nonlobular ovarian androblastoma usually associated with feminization
- Author
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Hughesdon Pe, Talerman A, and Anderson Mc
- Subjects
Adult ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Androblastoma ,Lutein Cell ,Ovary ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Estrogens ,Biology ,Middle Aged ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ,Pleomorphism (cytology) ,medicine ,Endocrine system ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
The unusual pleomorphism of ovarian androblastoma calls for the definition of further subgroups and fuller use of the available interpretative ideas. A set of six cases forming a possible subgroup is presented. Functionally these were mainly estrogenic. Structurally they showed a diffuse fibrothecomatous or thecogranulosal background with foci of limited and sexually equivocal differentiation. Lutein cell clusters were present in all cases and tubules were present in five. The ideas developed for interpreting the androblastoma family are reviewed historically and related to the foregoing. The criteria of testicular differentiation, and the relation of endocrine function to morphology and age, are discussed.
- Published
- 1982
19. Routine preoperative biliary drainage: effect on management of obstructive jaundice
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Ivan Vujic, Anderson Mc, R P Gobien, B S Gobien, C D Soucek, and John H. Stanley
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biliary drainage ,Surgical complication ,Cholestasis ,business.industry ,Decompression ,Mortality rate ,Patient survival ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,Postoperative Complications ,Preoperative Care ,Medicine ,Drainage ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Obstructive jaundice ,Female ,Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ,business ,Surgical patients ,Aged - Abstract
The routine application of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) to patients who have obstructive jaundice has a significant effect on overall morbidity, mortality, and patient survival by allowing selective application of the most appropriate therapeutic modality. Surgical patients who undergo PTBD were compared with those for whom PTBD was not available. The surgical complication rate was 44% for those who did not undergo PTBD and 15% for those who did. The surgical procedure-related mortality rate was 30% for those who did not undergo PTBD and 12% for those who did. These differentials may have been due either to a beneficial effect of presurgical decompression or to the fact that only more favorable candidates were selected for operative internal bypass. There was an overall increase in length of survival following the application of PTBD, especially in those patients who were surgical candidates.
- Published
- 1984
20. Education as a hidden cost in ambulatory care
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Baer Cw and Anderson Mc
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Adult ,Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ,Service delivery framework ,Staffing ,Efficiency ,Nursing ,Ambulatory care ,Task Performance and Analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Ohio ,Cost allocation ,Data collection ,Health Policy ,Cost Allocation ,Internship and Residency ,Training Support ,medicine.disease ,Ambulatory care nursing ,Ambulatory ,Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299 ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Workforce ,Business ,Medical emergency ,Inefficiency ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate - Abstract
Since nearly a quarter of this nation's hospitals' outpatient and emergency rooms engage in medical education, it is of critical importance for administrators to determine the extent to which medical training influences the operational costs and efficiency of patient care for those services in their facilities. A computer simulation model has been developed at a midwest adult medical clinic to study the effects of ambulatory medical training on clinic operations. The model is capable of showing changes in the facility without disrupting the work flow and thus reduces the problems associated with long-term data collection. Various staffing patterns, both with and without medical training, were compared for the operational effects, patient convenience, and costs. The article offers probability distributions based on actual clinic experience. The research identifies and evaluates the trade-offs that must be considered when medical education is incorporated in an ambulatory program. Since both the faculty and students must take time away from direct patient care for consultation, more clinic time is required, causing staff costs to increase and patient care efficiency to decrease. The model demonstrates that when teaching loads increase, the faculty become less available to residents which results in resident inefficiency and longer patient waiting time. These operational consequences demonstrate the basic management problems of the need for balance between the demand for clinical teaching time and the demand for efficient service delivery in a solid ambulatory care/teaching program.
- Published
- 1978
21. Minimal Invasive Cancer (Microcarcinoma)
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Anderson, MC
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Book Reviews - Published
- 1983
22. Percutaneous drainage of pancreatic duct for treating acute pancreatitis
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Gobien, RP, primary, Stanley, JH, additional, Anderson, MC, additional, and Vujic, I, additional
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. 278 Expanded potential of isoelectric focusing (IEF) the introduction of the BRIEF technique
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Anderson, MC and Baer, Harold
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
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24. Applications of a remote sensing-based two-source energy balance algorithm for mapping surface fluxes without in situ air temperature observations
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G. La Loggia, Carmelo Cammalleri, William P. Kustas, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Guido D'Urso, Martha C. Anderson, Mario Minacapilli, C., Cammalleri, M. C., Anderson, G., Ciraolo, D'Urso, Guido, W. P., Kusta, G., La Loggia, M., Minacapilli, Cammalleri, C, Anderson, MC, Ciraolo, G, D'Urso, G, Kustas, WP, La Loggia, G, and Minacapilli, M
- Subjects
Actual evapotranspiration ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Multispectral image ,Energy balance ,Soil Science ,Geology ,Sensible heat ,Residual ,Temperature gradient ,Boundary layer ,Heat flux ,Emissivity ,Two-source energy balance ,Environmental science ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,Thermal remote sensing ,Two-source energy balance, Actual evapotranspiration, Mediterranean climate, Thermal remote sensing ,Remote sensing - Abstract
The two-source energy balance (TSEB) model uses remotely sensed maps of land–surface temperature (LST) along with local air temperature estimates at a nominal blending height to model heat and water fluxes across a landscape, partitioned between dual sources of canopy and soil. For operational implementation of TSEB, however, it is often difficult to obtain representative air temperature data that are compatible with the LST retrievals, which may themselves have residual errors due to atmospheric and emissivity corrections. To address this issue, two different strategies in applying the TSEB model without requiring local air temperature data were tested over a typical Mediterranean agricultural area using a set of high-resolution multispectral airborne remote sensing images. Alleviating the need for accurate local air temperature data as input, these two approaches estimate the surface-to-air temperature gradient that drives the sensible heat flux by directly exploiting the information available in the image. The two approaches include: 1) a scene-based internal calibration (TSEB-IC) procedure that estimates air temperature over a well-watered and fully vegetated pixel in the LST image, and 2) a disaggregation scheme (DisALEXI) that uses air temperature estimates from a time-differential coupled TSEB-atmospheric boundary layer model of atmosphere–land exchange (ALEXI). A comparison of the air temperatures modeled by TSEB-IC and DisALEXI with in situ weather station observations shows good agreement, with average differences on the order of 1 K, comparable with the uncertainties in the remotely sensed surface temperature maps. Surface fluxes estimated by each method agree well with micro-meteorological measurements acquired over an olive orchard within the aircraft imaging domain. In comparison with fluxes generated with TSEB using local measurements of air temperature, instantaneous fluxes from these alternative methods show good spatial agreement, with differences of less than 10 W m − 2 across the domain. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the three models, performed by introducing artificial errors into the model inputs, demonstrates that the DisALEXI and TSEB-IC approaches are relatively insensitive to errors in absolute surface temperature calibration, while turbulent fluxes from TSEB applications using local air temperature measurements show sensitivity of approximately 30 W m − 2 per degree temperature perturbation. This highlights the value of both internal calibration and time-differential estimation of the surface-to-air temperature gradient within a surface energy balance framework.
- Published
- 2012
25. Monitoring water and carbon fluxes at fine spatial scales using HyspIRI-like measurements
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Mitchell Schull, Rasmus Houborg, Feng Gao, Martha C. Anderson, Carmelo Cammalleri, Houborg, R, Anderson, MC, Gao, F, Schull, M, and Cammalleri, C
- Subjects
data fusion ,Infrared ,Electromagnetic spectrum ,Planetary boundary layer ,Thermal infrared, reflective shortwave, data fusion, energy fluxes, carbon flux ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Sensor fusion ,energy fluxes ,carbon flux ,Temporal resolution ,reflective shortwave ,Environmental science ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Thermal infrared ,Spatial analysis ,Image resolution ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Remotely sensed observations in the visible to the shortwave infrared (VSWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used synergistically to provide valuable products of land surface properties for reliable assessments of carbon and water fluxes. The high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution VSWIR and TIR observations provided by the proposed Hyperspectral - InfraRed (HyspIRI) mission will enable a new era of global agricultural monitoring, critical for addressing growing issues of food insecurity. To enable predictions at fine spatial resolution (
- Published
- 2012
26. An integrated approach for high spatial resolution mapping of water and carbon fluxes using multi-sensor satellite data
- Author
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Martha C. Anderson, Carmelo Cammalleri, William P. Kustas, Rasmus Houborg, Feng Gao, Mitchell Schull, Cammalleri, C, Anderson, MC, Houborg, R, Gao, F, Kustas, WP, and Schull, M
- Subjects
Canopy ,Moisture ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Data fusion ,computer.software_genre ,Sensor fusion ,Energy budget ,Surface energy balance ,Thermal infrared, optical bands, data fusion, surface energy balance ,Optical bands ,Evapotranspiration ,Environmental science ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Leaf area index ,Thermal infrared ,computer ,Remote sensing ,Data integration - Abstract
In the last years, modeling of surface processes - such as water, energy and carbon budgets, as well as vegetation growth- seems to be focused on integrated approaches that combine aspects of hydrology, biology and meteorology into unified analyses. In this context, remotely sensed data often have a core role due to the cross-cutting impact of this novel source of spatially distributed information on all these research areas. However, several applications - such as drought monitoring, yield forecasting and crop management - require spatially detailed products at sub-field scales, which can be obtained only with support of adequately fine resolution remote sensing data (< 100 m). In particular, observations in the visible to the near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectral region can be used to derive biophysical and biochemical properties of the vegetation (i.e., leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll). Complementarily, the thermal infrared (TIR) signal provides valuable information about land surface temperature, which in turn represents an accurate proxy indicator of the subsurface moisture status by means of surface energy budget analysis. Additionally, the strong link between crop water stress and stomatal closure allows inference of crop carbon assimilation using the same tools. In this work, an integrated approach is proposed to model both carbon and water budgets at field scale by means of a joint use of a thermal-based Two Source Energy Budget (TSEB) model and an analytical, Light-Use-Efficiency (LUE) based model of canopy resistance. This suite of models allows integration of information retrieved by both fine and coarse resolution satellites by means of a data fusion procedure. A set of Landsat and MODIS images are used to investigate the suitability of this approach, and the modeled fluxes are compared with observations made by several flux towers in terms of both water and carbon fluxes.
- Published
- 2012
27. Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery
- Author
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John M. Norman, Martha C. Anderson, Agustin Pimstein, William P. Kustas, Feng Gao, John R. Mecikalski, Lori Schultz, María P. González-Dugo, Carmelo Cammalleri, Christopher Hain, Guido D'Urso, Anderson, MC, Kustas, WP, Norman, JM, Hain, CR, Mecikalski, JR, Schultz, L, González-Dugo, MP, Cammalleri, C, D’urso, G, Pimstein, A, Gao, F, Anderson, M. C., Kustas, W. P., Norman, J. M., Hain, C. R., Mecikalski, J. R., Schultz, L., Gonzalez Dugo, M. P., Cammalleri, C., D'Urso, Guido, Pimstein, A., and Gao, F.
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Meteorology ,lcsh:T ,Planetary boundary layer ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Polar orbit ,Vegetation ,lcsh:Technology ,remote sensing, mapping ET, ALEXI ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,lcsh:G ,Evapotranspiration ,Geostationary orbit ,Environmental science ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Satellite ,Satellite imagery ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (e.g., air temperature, advection) are affecting plant functioning. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to sub-surface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil + canopy) land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5 to 10-km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI) spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions on the order of 10 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe, Africa and other continents with geostationary satellite coverage.
- Published
- 2011
28. The impact of in-canopy wind profile formulations on heat flux estimation in an open orchard using the remote sensing-based two-source model
- Author
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Martha C. Anderson, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Carmelo Cammalleri, William P. Kustas, Guido D'Urso, Mario Minacapilli, G. La Loggia, Cammalleri, C, Anderson, MC, Ciraolo, G, D'Urso, G, Kustas, WP, La Loggia, G, Minacapilli, M, Cammalleri, C., Anderson, M. C., Ciraolo, G., D'Urso, Guido, Kustas, W., La Loggia, G., and Minacapilli, M.
- Subjects
Actual evapotranspiration ,Eddy covariance ,Sensible heat ,lcsh:Technology ,Wind speed ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,law.invention ,Wind profile power law ,law ,Semi-arid area ,Two-source energy balance ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Leaf area index ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,lcsh:T ,High spatial resolution ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Vegetation ,Heat flux ,lcsh:G ,Scintillometer ,Environmental science ,Sparse canopy ,Wind speed extinction - Abstract
For open orchard and vineyard canopies containing significant fractions of exposed soil (>50%), typical of Mediterranean agricultural regions, the energy balance of the vegetation elements is strongly influenced by heat exchange with the bare soil/substrate. For these agricultural systems a "two-source" approach, where radiation and turbulent exchange between the soil and canopy elements are explicitly modelled, appears to be the only suitable methodology for reliably assessing energy fluxes. In strongly clumped canopies, the effective wind speed profile inside and below the canopy layer can strongly influence the partitioning of energy fluxes between the soil and vegetation components. To assess the impact of in-canopy wind profile on model flux estimates, an analysis of three different formulations is presented, including algorithms from Goudriaan (1977), Massman (1987) and Lalic et al. (2003). The in-canopy wind profile formulations are applied to the thermal-based two-source energy balance (TSEB) model developed by Norman et al. (1995) and modified by Kustas and Norman (1999). High resolution airborne remote sensing images, collected over an agricultural area located in the western part of Sicily (Italy) comprised primarily of vineyards, olive and citrus orchards, are used to derive all the input parameters needed to apply the TSEB. The images were acquired from June to October 2008 and include a relatively wide range of meteorological and soil moisture conditions. A preliminary sensitivity analysis of the three wind profile algorithms highlights the dependence of wind speed just above the soil/substrate to leaf area index and canopy height over the typical range of canopy properties encountered in these agricultural areas. It is found that differences among the models in wind just above the soil surface are most significant under sparse and medium fractional cover conditions (15–50%). The TSEB model heat flux estimates are compared with micro-meteorological measurements from a small aperture scintillometer and an eddy covariance tower collected over an olive orchard characterized by moderate fractional vegetation cover (≈35%) and relatively tall crop (≈3.5 m). TSEB fluxes for the 7 image acquisition dates generated using both the Massman and Goudriaan in-canopy wind profile formulations give close agreement with measured fluxes, while the Lalic et al. equations yield poor results. The Massman wind profile scheme slightly outperforms that of Goudriaan, but it requires an additional parameter accounting for the roughness sub-layer of the underlying vegetative surface. The analysis also suggests that within-canopy wind profile model discrepancies become important, in terms of impact on modelled sensible heat flux, only for sparse canopies with moderate vegetation coverage.
- Published
- 2010
29. The impact of in-canopy wind profile formulations on heat flux estimation using the remote sensing-based two-source model for an open orchard canopy in southern Italy
- Author
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C. Cammalleri, M. C. Anderson, G. Ciraolo, G. D'Urso, W. P. Kustas, G. La Loggia, M. Minacapilli, CAMMALLERI, C, ANDERSON, MC, CIRAOLO, G, D’URSO, G, KUSTAS, WP, LA LOGGIA, G, MINACAPILLI, M, Cammalleri, C., Anderson, M. C., Ciraolo, G., D'Urso, Guido, Kustas, W., La Loggia, G., and Minacapilli, M.
- Subjects
remote sensing ,aerodinamic canopy resistance ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,surface energy fluxe ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,energy balance ,open orchard canopy - Abstract
For open orchard and vineyard canopies containing significant fractions of exposed soil (>50%), typical of Mediterranean agricultural regions, the energy balance of the vegetation elements is strongly influenced by heat exchange with the bare soil/substrate. For these agricultural systems a "two-source" approach, where radiation and turbulent exchange between the soil and canopy elements are explicitly modelled, appears to be the only suitable methodology for reliably assessing energy fluxes. In strongly clumped canopies, the effective wind speed profile inside and below the canopy layer can highly influence the partitioning of energy fluxes between the soil and vegetation components. To assess the impact of in-canopy wind profile on model flux estimates, an analysis of three different formulations is presented, including algorithms from Goudriaan (1977), Massman (1987) and Lalic et al. (2003). The in-canopy wind profile formulations are applied to the thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model developed by Norman et al. (1995) and modified by Kustas and Norman (1999). High resolution airborne remote sensing images, collected over an agricultural area located in the western part of Sicily (Italy) comprised primarily of vineyards, olive and citrus orchards, are used to derive all the input parameters need to apply the TSEB. The images were acquired from June to October 2008 and include a relatively wide range of meteorological and soil moisture conditions. A preliminary sensitivity analysis of the three wind profile algorithms highlight the dependence of wind speed just above the soil/substrate to leaf area index and canopy height over the typical canopy properties range of these agricultural area. It is found that differences in wind just above surface among the models is most significant under sparse and medium fractional cover conditions (20–60%). The TSEB model heat flux estimates are compared with micrometeorological measurements from a small aperture scintillometer and an eddy covariance tower collected over an olive orchard characterized by moderate fractional vegetation cover (≈35%) and relatively tall crop height (≈3.5 m). TSEB fluxes for the 7 image acquisition dates generated using both the Massman and Goudriaan in-canopy wind profile formulations give close agreement with measured fluxes, while the Lalic et al. equations yield poor results. The Massman wind profile scheme slightly outperforms that of Goudriaan, but it requires an additional parameter describing the roughness of the underlying vegetative surface. This parameter is not directly obtainable using remote sensing, hence this study suggests that the Goudriaan formulation for landscape applications is most suitable when detailed site-specific information regarding canopy architecture is unavailable.
- Published
- 2010
30. Flexor tendon rupture following repeated corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome: A case report.
- Author
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Hardie KA, Bergeson AJ, Anderson MC, Erie AC, and Van Demark RE Jr
- Abstract
Introduction: Corticosteroid injection (CSI) for carpal tunnel syndrome is a common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Adverse effects of corticosteroid injections are infrequent, though rare cases of flexor tendon rupture have been documented., Presentation of Case: We present a case of a 67-year-old female with acute loss of left index finger flexion due to rupture of the left index flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendons and left long finger FDS tendon following numerous carpal tunnel corticosteroid injections. Intraoperatively, she was also found to have a complete rupture of the long finger FDS and partial rupture of the long finger FDP. Side-to-side tendon transfers were performed to restore the flexor tendon function., Discussion: The overall incidence of serious adverse effects in patients receiving CSIs for carpal tunnel syndrome, including flexor tendon rupture, intraneural injection or gangrene, is extremely low. Only three cases of flexor tendon ruptures following CSI for carpal tunnel syndrome have been reported in the literature. Given our patient's multiple CSIs per year over the course of 6 years, she may have been at increased risk of spontaneous tendon rupture given extra-articular CSIs can result in tendon rupture as a rare, but serious complication., Conclusion: This case demonstrates that flexor tendon ruptures are a possible, although rare, complication following steroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome. Proper injection techniques should be used to minimize adverse effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors disclose no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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31. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Reduces Retrieval-Induced Forgetting via Fronto-parietal Beta Desynchronization.
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Khan A, Ti CHE, Yuan K, Crespo Garcia M, Anderson MC, and Tong RK
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Beta Rhythm physiology, Cortical Synchronization physiology, Mental Recall physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Parietal Lobe physiology, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation methods
- Abstract
The act of recalling memories can paradoxically lead to the forgetting of other associated memories, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Inhibitory control mechanisms, primarily mediated by the prefrontal cortex, are thought to contribute to RIF. In this study, we examined whether stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with transcranial direct current stimulation modulates RIF and investigated the associated electrophysiological correlates. In a randomized study, 50 participants (27 males and 23 females) received either real or sham stimulation before performing retrieval practice on target memories. After retrieval practice, a final memory test to assess RIF was administered. We found that stimulation selectively increased the retrieval accuracy of competing memories, thereby decreasing RIF, while the retrieval accuracy of target memories remained unchanged. The reduction in RIF was associated with a more pronounced beta desynchronization within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left-DLPFC), in an early time window (<500 ms) after cue onset during retrieval practice. This led to a stronger beta desynchronization within the parietal cortex in a later time window, an established marker for successful memory retrieval. Together, our results establish the causal involvement of the mPFC in actively suppressing competing memories and demonstrate that while forgetting arises as a consequence of retrieving specific memories, these two processes are functionally independent. Our findings suggest that stimulation potentially disrupted inhibitory control processes, as evidenced by reduced RIF and stronger beta desynchronization in fronto-parietal brain regions during memory retrieval, although further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying this effect., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Khan et al.)
- Published
- 2024
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32. Innovating a Community-driven Enumeration and Needs Assessment of People Experiencing Homelessness: A Network Sampling Approach for the HUD-Mandated Point-in-Time Count.
- Author
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Almquist ZW, Kahveci I, Hazel MA, Kajfasz O, Rothfolk J, Guilmette C, Anderson MC, Ozeryansky L, and Hagopian A
- Abstract
To enumerate people experiencing homelessness in the U.S., the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) mandates its designated local jurisdictions regularly conduct a crude census of this population. This Point-in-Time (PIT) body count, typically conducted on a January night by volunteers with flashlights and clipboards, is often followed by interviews with a separate convenience sample. Here, we propose employing a network-based (peer-referral) respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method to generate a representative sample of unsheltered people, accompanied by a novel method to generate a statistical estimate of the number of unsheltered people in the jurisdiction. First, we develop a power analysis for the sample size of our RDS survey to count unsheltered people experiencing homelessness. Then, we conducted three large-scale population-representative samples in King County, WA (Seattle metro) in 2022, 2023, and 2024. We describe the data collection and the application of our new method, comparing the 2020 PIT count (the last visual PIT count performed in King County) to the new method 2022 and 2024 PIT counts. We conclude with a discussion and future directions., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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33. Coherent control from quantum commitment probabilities.
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Anderson MC, Dodin A, Fay TP, and Limmer DT
- Abstract
We introduce a general definition of a quantum committor in order to clarify reaction mechanisms and facilitate control in processes where coherent effects are important. With a quantum committor, we generalize the notion of a transition state to quantum superpositions and quantify the effect of interference on the progress of the reaction. The formalism is applicable to any linear quantum master equation supporting metastability for which absorbing boundary conditions designating the reactant and product states can be applied. We use this formalism to determine the dependence of the quantum transition state on coherences in a polaritonic system and optimize the initialization state of a conical intersection model to control reactive outcomes, achieving yields of the desired state approaching 100%. In addition to providing a practical tool, the quantum committor provides a conceptual framework for understanding reactions in cases when classical intuitions fail., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)
- Published
- 2024
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34. Distinct SAP102 and PSD-95 Nano-organization Defines Multiple Types of Synaptic Scaffold Protein Domains at Single Synapses.
- Author
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Metzbower SR, Levy AD, Dharmasri PA, Anderson MC, and Blanpied TA
- Subjects
- Animals, Rats, Female, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Protein Domains, Male, Neurons metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Hippocampus metabolism, Hippocampus cytology, Neuropeptides, Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein metabolism, Synapses metabolism
- Abstract
MAGUK scaffold proteins play a central role in maintaining and modulating synaptic signaling, providing a framework to retain and position receptors, signaling molecules, and other synaptic components. In particular, the MAGUKs SAP102 and PSD-95 are essential for synaptic function at distinct developmental timepoints and perform both overlapping and unique roles. While their similar structures allow for common binding partners, SAP102 is expressed earlier in synapse development and is required for synaptogenesis, whereas PSD-95 expression peaks later and is associated with synapse maturation. PSD-95 and other key synaptic proteins organize into subsynaptic nanodomains that have a significant impact on synaptic transmission, but the nanoscale organization of SAP102 is unknown. How SAP102 is organized within the synapse, and how it relates spatially to PSD-95 on a nanometer scale, could underlie its unique functions and impact how SAP102 scaffolds synaptic proteins. Here we used DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy to measure SAP102 nano-organization and its spatial relationship to PSD-95 at individual synapses in mixed-sex rat cultured neurons. We found that like PSD-95, SAP102 accumulates in high-density subsynaptic nanoclusters (NCs). However, SAP102 NCs were smaller and denser than PSD-95 NCs across development. Additionally, only a subset of SAP102 NCs co-organized with PSD-95, revealing MAGUK nanodomains within individual synapses containing either one or both proteins. These MAGUK nanodomain types had distinct NC properties and were differentially enriched with the presynaptic release protein Munc13-1. This organization into both shared and distinct subsynaptic nanodomains may underlie the ability of SAP102 and PSD-95 to perform both common and unique synaptic functions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 the authors.)
- Published
- 2024
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35. Observing the suppression of individual aversive memories from conscious awareness.
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Lin X, Chen D, Liu J, Yao Z, Xie H, Anderson MC, and Hu X
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Consciousness physiology, Memory physiology, Visual Perception physiology, Brain physiology, Awareness physiology, Electroencephalography, Mental Recall physiology
- Abstract
When reminded of an unpleasant experience, people often try to exclude the unwanted memory from awareness, a process known as retrieval suppression. Here we used multivariate decoding (MVPA) and representational similarity analyses on EEG data to track how suppression unfolds in time and to reveal its impact on item-specific cortical patterns. We presented reminders to aversive scenes and asked people to either suppress or to retrieve the scene. During suppression, mid-frontal theta power within the first 500 ms distinguished suppression from passive viewing of the reminder, indicating that suppression rapidly recruited control. During retrieval, we could discern EEG cortical patterns relating to individual memories-initially, based on theta-driven visual perception of the reminders (0 to 500 ms) and later, based on alpha-driven reinstatement of the aversive scene (500 to 3000 ms). Critically, suppressing retrieval weakened (during 360 to 600 ms) and eventually abolished item-specific cortical patterns, a robust effect that persisted until the reminder disappeared (780 to 3000 ms). Representational similarity analyses provided converging evidence that retrieval suppression weakened the representation of target scenes during the 500 to 3000 ms reinstatement window. Together, rapid top-down control during retrieval suppression abolished cortical patterns of individual memories, and precipitated later forgetting. These findings reveal a precise chronometry on the voluntary suppression of individual memories., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2024
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36. Reducing contaminating noise effects when calculating low-boom loudness levels.
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Anderson MC, Gee KL, Durrant JT, Loubeau A, Doebler WJ, and Klos J
- Abstract
During NASA X-59 quiet supersonic aircraft community response tests, low-boom recordings will contain contaminating noise from instrumentation and ambient acoustical sources. This noise can inflate sonic boom perception metrics by several decibels. This paper discusses the development and comparison of robust lowpass filtering techniques for removing contaminating noise effects from low-boom recordings. The two filters are a time-domain Butterworth-magnitude filter and a frequency-domain Brick Wall filter. Both filters successfully reduce noise contamination in metric calculations for simulated data with real-world contaminating noise and demonstrate comparable performance to a modified ISO 11204 correction. The Brick Wall filter's success indicates that further attempts to match boom spectrum high-frequency roll-off beyond the contaminating noise floor are unnecessary and have marginal improvements on final metric calculations. Additionally, the Butterworth filter removes statistical correlation between ambient and boom levels for a real-world flight campaign, adding evidence that these techniques also work on other boom shapes. Overall, both filters can produce accurate metric calculations with only a few hundred hertz of positive signal-to-noise ratio. This work describes methods for accurate metric calculations in the presence of moderate noise contamination that should benefit X-59 and future low-boom supersonic aircraft testing., (© 2024 Acoustical Society of America.)
- Published
- 2024
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37. Reproductive healthcare in adolescents with autism and other developmental disabilities.
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Ames JL, Anderson MC, Cronbach E, Lee C, Onaiwu MG, Vallerie AM, and Croen LA
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Female, Cohort Studies, Reproductive Health Services statistics & numerical data, California, Menstruation Disturbances epidemiology, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome therapy, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome complications, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Case-Control Studies, Contraception statistics & numerical data, Developmental Disabilities epidemiology, Autistic Disorder therapy
- Abstract
Background: Adults with developmental disabilities often have less access to reproductive health services than adults without these disabilities. However, little is known about how adolescents with developmental disabilities, including autism, access reproductive healthcare., Objective: We aimed to characterize the use of reproductive healthcare services among adolescents with autism and those with other developmental disabilities in comparison with adolescents with typical development., Study Design: We conducted a cohort study of a sample of adolescents who were continuously enrolled members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare system, from ages 14 to 18 years. The final analytical sample included 700 adolescents with autism, 836 adolescents with other developmental disabilities, and 2187 typically developing adolescents who sought care between 2000 and 2017. Using the electronic health record, we obtained information on menstrual conditions, the use of obstetrical-gynecologic care, and prescriptions of hormonal contraception. We compared healthcare use between the groups using chi-square tests and covariate-adjusted risk ratios estimated using modified Poisson regression., Results: Adolescents with autism and those with other developmental disabilities were significantly more likely to have diagnoses of menstrual disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, and premenstrual syndrome than typically developing adolescents. These 2 groups also were less likely than typically developing peers to visit the obstetrician-gynecologist or to use any form of hormonal contraception, including oral contraception, hormonal implants, and intrauterine devices. Adolescents in all 3 groups accessed hormonal contraception most frequently through their primary care provider, followed by an obstetrician-gynecologist., Conclusion: Adolescents with autism and those with other developmental disabilities are less likely than their typically developing peers to visit the obstetrician-gynecologist and to use hormonal contraception, suggesting possible care disparities that may persist into adulthood. Efforts to improve access to reproductive healthcare in these populations should target care delivered in both the pediatric and obstetrics-gynecology settings., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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38. Memory control immediately improves unpleasant emotions associated with autobiographical memories of past immoral actions.
- Author
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Satish A, Hellerstedt R, Anderson MC, and Bergström ZM
- Abstract
The ability to stop unwanted memories from coming to mind is theorised to be essential for maintaining good mental health. People can employ intentional strategies to prevent conscious intrusions of negative memories, and repeated attempts to stop retrieval both reduces the frequency of intrusions and improves subsequent emotions elicited by those memories. However, it is still unknown whether memory control can improve negative emotions immediately, at the time control is attempted. It is also not clear which strategy is most beneficial for emotion regulation; clearing the mind of any thoughts of negative memories via direct suppression, or substituting memory recall with alternative thoughts. Here, we provide novel evidence that memory control immediately regulates negative emotions associated with autobiographical memories of morally wrong actions. Repeated control significantly improved negative emotions over time, regardless of the strategy used to implement control. Thought substitution involving either positive diversionary thinking or counterfactual thinking both induced positive feelings, whereas direct suppression neutralised emotions, regardless of whether memories were positive or negative. These empirical findings have implications for clinical practice as they indicate that memory control strategies could be effective emotion regulation methods for real-world intrusive memories.
- Published
- 2024
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39. Everything you ever wanted to know about the Think/No-Think task, but forgot to ask.
- Author
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Nardo D and Anderson MC
- Subjects
- Humans, Memory physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Thinking physiology
- Abstract
The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has just celebrated 20 years since its inception, and its use has been growing as a tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying memory control and its neural underpinnings. Here, we present a theoretical and practical guide for designing, implementing, and running TNT studies. For this purpose, we provide a step-by-step description of the structure of the TNT task, methodological choices that can be made, parameters that can be chosen, instruments available, aspects to be aware of, systematic information about how to run a study and analyze the data. Importantly, we provide a TNT training package (as Supplementary Material), that is, a series of multimedia materials (e.g., tutorial videos, informative HTML pages, MATLAB code to run experiments, questionnaires, scoring sheets, etc.) to complement this method paper and facilitate a deeper understanding of the TNT task, its rationale, and how to set it up in practice. Given the recent discussion about the replication crisis in the behavioral sciences, we hope that this contribution will increase standardization, reliability, and replicability across laboratories., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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40. Loss of postsynaptic NMDARs drives nanoscale reorganization of Munc13-1 and PSD-95.
- Author
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Dharmasri PA, DeMarco EM, Anderson MC, Levy AD, and Blanpied TA
- Abstract
Nanoscale protein organization within the active zone (AZ) and post-synaptic density (PSD) influences synaptic transmission. Nanoclusters of presynaptic Munc13-1 are associated with readily releasable pool size and neurotransmitter vesicle priming, while postsynaptic PSD-95 nanoclusters coordinate glutamate receptors across from release sites to control their opening probability. Nanocluster number, size, and protein density vary between synapse types and with development and plasticity, supporting a wide range of functional states at the synapse. Whether or how the receptors themselves control this critical architecture remains unclear. One prominent PSD molecular complex is the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). NMDARs coordinate several modes of signaling within synapses, giving them the potential to influence synaptic organization through direct protein interactions or through signaling. We found that loss of NMDARs results in larger synapses that contain smaller, denser, and more numerous PSD-95 nanoclusters. Intriguingly, NMDAR loss also generates retrograde reorganization of the active zone, resulting in denser, more numerous Munc13-1 nanoclusters, more of which are aligned with PSD-95 nanoclusters. Together, these changes to synaptic nanostructure predict stronger AMPA receptor-mediated transmission in the absence of NMDARs. Notably, while prolonged antagonism of NMDAR activity increases Munc13-1 density within nanoclusters, it does not fully recapitulate these trans-synaptic effects. Thus, our results confirm that NMDARs play an important role in maintaining pre- and postsynaptic nanostructure and suggest that both decreased NMDAR expression and suppressed NMDAR activity may exert distinct effects on synaptic function, yet through unique architectural mechanisms., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: None
- Published
- 2024
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41. Amnesia in healthy people via hippocampal inhibition: A new forgetting mechanism.
- Author
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Anderson MC and Subbulakshmi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Cues, Hippocampus physiology, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Recall physiology, Amnesia
- Abstract
Structural damage to the hippocampus gives rise to a severe memory deficit for personal experiences known as organic amnesia. Remarkably, such structural damage may not be the only way of creating amnesia; windows of amnesia can also arise when people deliberately disengage from memory via a process known as retrieval suppression. In this review, we discuss how retrieval suppression induces systemic inhibition of the hippocampus, creating "amnesic shadow" intervals in people's memory for their personal experiences. When new memories are encoded or older memories are reactivated during this amnesic shadow, these memories are disrupted, and such disruption even arises when older memories are subliminally cued. Evidence suggests that the systemic inhibition of the hippocampus during retrieval suppression that gives rise to the amnesic shadow may be mediated by engagement of hippocampal GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. Similar amnesic shadow effects are observed during working memory tasks like the n-back, which also induce notable hippocampal downregulation. We discuss our recent proposal that cognitive operations that require the disengagement of memory retrieval, such as retrieval suppression, are capable of mnemonic process inhibition (the inhibition of mnemonic processes such as encoding, consolidation, and retrieval and not simply individual memories). We suggest that people engage mnemonic process inhibition whenever they shift attention from internal processes to demanding perceptual-motor tasks that may otherwise be disrupted by distraction from our inner world. This hitherto unstudied model of inhibition is a missing step in understanding what happens when attentional shifts occur between internally and externally oriented processes to facilitate goal-directed behaviour. This process constitutes an important novel mechanism underlying the forgetting of life events., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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42. Trans-synaptic molecular context of NMDA receptor nanodomains.
- Author
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Anderson MC, Levy AD, Dharmasri PA, Metzbower SR, and Blanpied TA
- Abstract
Tight coordination of the spatial relationships between protein complexes is required for cellular function. In neuronal synapses, many proteins responsible for neurotransmission organize into subsynaptic nanoclusters whose trans-cellular alignment modulates synaptic signal propagation. However, the spatial relationships between these proteins and NMDA receptors (NMDARs), which are required for learning and memory, remain undefined. Here, we mapped the relationship of key NMDAR subunits to reference proteins in the active zone and postsynaptic density using multiplexed super-resolution DNA-PAINT microscopy. GluN2A and GluN2B subunits formed nanoclusters with diverse configurations that, surprisingly, were not localized near presynaptic vesicle release sites marked by Munc13-1. However, a subset of presynaptic sites was configured to maintain NMDAR activation: these were internally denser, aligned with abundant PSD-95, and associated closely with specific NMDAR nanodomains. This work reveals a new principle regulating NMDAR signaling and suggests that synaptic functional architecture depends on assembly of multiprotein nanodomains whose interior construction is conditional on trans-cellular relationships.
- Published
- 2023
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43. Ascorbate deficiency increases progression of shigellosis in guinea pigs and mice infection models.
- Author
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Skerniskyte J, Mulet C, André AC, Anderson MC, Injarabian L, Buck A, Prade VM, Sansonetti PJ, Reibel-Foisset S, Walch AK, Lebel M, Lykkesfeldt J, and Marteyn BS
- Subjects
- Guinea Pigs, Humans, Animals, Rabbits, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Shigella flexneri, Ascorbic Acid, Mammals, Dysentery, Bacillary microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Shigella
- Abstract
Shigella spp. are the causative agents of bacterial dysentery and shigellosis, mainly in children living in developing countries. The study of Shigella entire life cycle in vivo and the evaluation of vaccine candidates' protective efficacy have been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model of infection. None of the studies evaluated so far (rabbit, guinea pig, mouse) allowed the recapitulation of full shigellosis symptoms upon Shigella oral challenge. Historical reports have suggested that dysentery and scurvy are both metabolic diseases associated with ascorbate deficiency. Mammals, which are susceptible to Shigella infection (humans, non-human primates and guinea pigs) are among the few species unable to synthesize ascorbate. We optimized a low-ascorbate diet to induce moderate ascorbate deficiency, but not scurvy, in guinea pigs to investigate whether poor vitamin C status increases the progression of shigellosis. Moderate ascorbate deficiency increased shigellosis symptom severity during an extended period of time (up to 48 h) in all strains tested ( Shigella sonnei , Shigella flexneri 5a, and 2a). At late time points, an important influx of neutrophils was observed both within the disrupted colonic mucosa and in the luminal compartment, although Shigella was able to disseminate deep into the organ to reach the sub-mucosal layer and the bloodstream. Moreover, we found that ascorbate deficiency also increased Shigella penetration into the colon epithelium layer in a Gulo
-/- mouse infection model. The use of these new rodent models of shigellosis opens new doors for the study of both Shigella infection strategies and immune responses to Shigella infection.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Improving mental health by training the suppression of unwanted thoughts.
- Author
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Mamat Z and Anderson MC
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Mental Health, Pandemics, Anxiety therapy, COVID-19 epidemiology, Mental Disorders
- Abstract
Anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and depression markedly increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with these conditions experience distressing intrusive thoughts, yet conventional therapies often urge them to avoid suppressing their thoughts because intrusions might rebound in intensity and frequency, worsening the disorders. In contrast, we hypothesized that training thought suppression would improve mental health. One hundred and twenty adults from 16 countries underwent 3 days of online training to suppress either fearful or neutral thoughts. No paradoxical increases in fears occurred. Instead, suppression reduced memory for suppressed fears and rendered them less vivid and anxiety provoking. After training, participants reported less anxiety, negative affect, and depression with the latter benefit persisting at 3 months. Participants high in trait anxiety and pandemic-related posttraumatic stress gained the largest and most durable mental health benefits. These findings challenge century-old wisdom that suppressing thoughts is maladaptive, offering an accessible approach to improving mental health.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Distinct SAP102 and PSD-95 nano-organization defines multiple types of synaptic scaffold protein domains at single synapses.
- Author
-
Metzbower SR, Dharmasri PA, Levy AD, Anderson MC, and Blanpied TA
- Abstract
The MAGUK family of scaffold proteins plays a central role in maintaining and modulating synaptic signaling, providing a framework to retain and position receptors, signaling molecules, and other synaptic components. Of these scaffold proteins, SAP102 and PSD-95 are essential for synaptic function at distinct developmental timepoints and perform overlapping as well as unique roles. While their similar structures allow for common binding partners, SAP102 is expressed earlier in synapse development and is required for synaptogenesis, whereas PSD-95 expression peaks later in development and is associated with synapse maturation. PSD-95 and other key synaptic proteins organize into subsynaptic nanodomains that have a significant impact on synaptic transmission, but the nanoscale organization of SAP102 is unknown. How SAP102 is organized within the synapse, and how it relates spatially to PSD-95 on a nanometer scale, could impact how SAP102 clusters synaptic proteins and underlie its ability to perform its unique functions. Here we used DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy to measure SAP102 nano-organization and its spatial relationship to PSD-95 at individual synapses. We found that like PSD-95, SAP102 accumulates in high-density subsynaptic nanoclusters. However, SAP102 nanoclusters were smaller and denser than PSD-95 nanoclusters across development. Additionally, only a subset of SAP102 nanoclusters co-organized with PSD-95, revealing that within individual synapses there are nanodomains that contain either one or both proteins. This organization into both shared and distinct subsynaptic nanodomains may underlie the ability of SAP102 and PSD-95 to perform both common and unique synaptic functions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. On the Mechanism of Polaritonic Rate Suppression from Quantum Transition Paths.
- Author
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Anderson MC, Woods EJ, Fay TP, Wales DJ, and Limmer DT
- Abstract
Polariton chemistry holds promise for facilitating mode-selective chemical reactions, but the underlying mechanism behind the rate modifications observed under strong vibrational coupling is not well understood. Using the recently developed quantum transition path theory, we have uncovered a mechanism of resonant suppression of a thermal reaction rate in a simple model polaritonic system consisting of a reactive mode in a bath confined to a lossless microcavity with a single photon mode. We observed the formation of a polariton during rate-limiting transitions on reactive pathways and identified the concomitant rate suppression as being due to hybridization between the reactive mode and the cavity mode, which inhibits bath-mediated tunneling. The transition probabilities that define the quantum master equation can be directly translated into a visualization of the corresponding polariton energy landscape. This landscape exhibits a double funnel structure with a large barrier between the initial and final states.
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- 2023
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47. Reduced hippocampal-cortical connectivity during memory suppression predicts the ability to forget unwanted memories.
- Author
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Yan Y, Hulbert JC, Zhuang K, Liu W, Wei D, Qiu J, Anderson MC, and Yang W
- Subjects
- Humans, Hippocampus diagnostic imaging, Hippocampus physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Temporal Lobe, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory physiology, Brain physiology
- Abstract
The ability to suppress unwelcome memories is important for productivity and well-being. Successful memory suppression is associated with hippocampal deactivations and a concomitant disruption of this region's functionality. Much of the previous neuroimaging literature exploring such suppression-related hippocampal modulations has focused on the region's negative coupling with the prefrontal cortex. Task-based changes in functional connectivity between the hippocampus and other brain regions still need further exploration. In the present study, we utilize psychophysiological interactions and seed connectome-based predictive modeling to investigate the relationship between the hippocampus and the rest of the brain as 134 participants attempted to suppress unwanted memories during the Think/No-Think task. The results show that during retrieval suppression, the right hippocampus exhibited decreased functional connectivity with visual cortical areas (lingual and cuneus gyrus), left nucleus accumbens and the brain-stem that predicted superior forgetting of unwanted memories on later memory tests. Validation tests verified that prediction performance was not an artifact of head motion or prediction method and that the negative features remained consistent across different brain parcellations. These findings suggest that systemic memory suppression involves more than the modulation of hippocampal activity-it alters functional connectivity patterns between the hippocampus and visual cortex, leading to successful forgetting., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permission@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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48. On the role of inhibition in suppression-induced forgetting.
- Author
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van Schie K, Fawcett JM, and Anderson MC
- Subjects
- Inhibition, Psychological, Mental Recall physiology, Cues
- Abstract
Suppressing retrieval of unwanted memories can cause forgetting, an outcome often attributed to the recruitment of inhibitory control. This suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) generalizes to different cues used to test the suppressed content (cue-independence), a property taken as consistent with inhibition. But does cue-independent forgetting necessarily imply that a memory has been inhibited? Tomlinson et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:15588-15593, 2009) reported a surprising finding that pressing a button also led to cue-independent forgetting, which was taken as support for an alternative interference account. Here we investigated the role of inhibition in forgetting due to retrieval suppression and pressing buttons. We modified Tomlinson et al.'s procedure to examine an unusual feature they introduced that may have caused memory inhibition effects in their experiment: the omission of explicit task-cues. When tasks were uncued, we replicated the button-press forgetting effect; but when cued, pressing buttons caused no forgetting. Moreover, button-press forgetting partially reflects output-interference effects at test and not a lasting effect of interference. In contrast, SIF occurred regardless of these procedural changes. Collectively, these findings indicate that simply pressing a button does not induce forgetting, on its own, without confounding factors that introduce inhibition into the task and that inhibition likely underlies SIF., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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49. Space Launch System acoustics: Far-field noise measurements of the Artemis-I launch.
- Author
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Gee KL, Hart GW, Cunningham CF, Anderson MC, Bassett MS, Mathews LT, Durrant JT, Moats LT, Coyle WL, Kellison MS, and Kuffskie MJ
- Abstract
To improve understanding of super heavy-lift rocket acoustics, this letter documents initial findings from noise measurements during liftoff of the Space Launch System's Artemis-I mission. Overall sound pressure levels, waveform characteristics, and spectra are described at distances ranging from 1.5 to 5.2 km. Significant results include: (a) the solid rocket boosters' ignition overpressure is particularly intense in the direction of the pad flame trench exit; (b) post-liftoff maximum overall levels range from 127 to 136 dB, greater than pre-launch predictions; and (c) the average maximum one-third-octave spectral peak occurred at 20 Hz, causing significant deviation between flat and A-weighted levels.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Global patterns of water storage in the rooting zones of vegetation.
- Author
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Stocker BD, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Konings AG, Anderson MC, Hain C, and Jackson RB
- Abstract
The rooting-zone water-storage capacity-the amount of water accessible to plants-controls the sensitivity of land-atmosphere exchange of water and carbon during dry periods. How the rooting-zone water-storage capacity varies spatially is largely unknown and not directly observable. Here we estimate rooting-zone water-storage capacity globally from the relationship between remotely sensed vegetation activity, measured by combining evapotranspiration, sun-induced fluorescence and radiation estimates, and the cumulative water deficit calculated from daily time series of precipitation and evapotranspiration. Our findings indicate plant-available water stores that exceed the storage capacity of 2-m-deep soils across 37% of Earth's vegetated surface. We find that biome-level variations of rooting-zone water-storage capacities correlate with observed rooting-zone depth distributions and reflect the influence of hydroclimate, as measured by the magnitude of annual cumulative water-deficit extremes. Smaller-scale variations are linked to topography and land use. Our findings document large spatial variations in the effective root-zone water-storage capacity and illustrate a tight link among the climatology of water deficits, rooting depth of vegetation and its sensitivity to water stress., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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