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5. A Centipede Toxin Family Defines an Ancient Class of CSαβ Defensins

Author

Dash, Thomas S, Shafee, Thomas, Harvey, Peta J, Zhang, Chuchu, Peigneur, Steve, Deuis, Jennifer R, Vetter, Irina, Tytgat, Jan, Anderson, Marilyn A, Craik, David J, Durek, Thomas, and Undheim, Eivind AB

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Animals, Arthropod Venoms, Arthropods, Cells, Cultured, Defensins, Evolution, Molecular, Humans, Male, Mice, Models, Molecular, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Protein Stability, Xenopus laevis, 3D structure, CSαβ fold, NMR, centipede, defensin, disulfide-rich peptide, evolution, toxin, Biophysics
Abstract

Disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) play diverse physiological roles and have emerged as attractive sources of pharmacological tools and drug leads. Here we describe the 3D structure of a centipede venom peptide, U-SLPTX15-Sm2a, whose family defines a unique class of one of the most widespread DRP folds known, the cystine-stabilized α/β fold (CSαβ). This class, which we have named the two-disulfide CSαβ fold (2ds-CSαβ), contains only two internal disulfide bonds as opposed to at least three in all other confirmed CSαβ peptides, and constitutes one of the major neurotoxic peptide families in centipede venoms. We show the 2ds-CSαβ is widely distributed outside centipedes and is likely an ancient fold predating the split between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our results provide insights into the ancient evolutionary history of a widespread DRP fold and highlight the usefulness of 3D structures as evolutionary tools.

Published
2019

6. Fungal Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology

Author

Garcia-Ceron, Donovan, Bleackley, Mark R., Anderson, Marilyn A., Harris, J. Robin, Series Editor, Kundu, Tapas K., Advisory Editor, Holzenburg, Andreas, Advisory Editor, Korolchuk, Viktor, Advisory Editor, Bolanos-Garcia, Victor, Advisory Editor, Marles-Wright, Jon, Advisory Editor, Mathivanan, Suresh, editor, Fonseka, Pamali, editor, Nedeva, Christina, editor, and Atukorala, Ishara, editor

Published
2021
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12. The Plant Defensin Ppdef1 Is a Novel Topical Treatment for Onychomycosis

Author

van der Weerden, Nicole L., primary, Parisi, Kathy, additional, McKenna, James A., additional, Hayes, Brigitte M., additional, Harvey, Peta J., additional, Quimbar, Pedro, additional, Wevrett, Sean R., additional, Veneer, Prem K., additional, McCorkelle, Owen, additional, Vasa, Shaily, additional, Guarino, Rosemary, additional, Poon, Simon, additional, Gaspar, Yolanda M., additional, Baker, Michael J., additional, Craik, David J., additional, Turner, Rob B., additional, Brown, Marc B., additional, Bleackley, Mark R., additional, and Anderson, Marilyn A., additional

Published
2023
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16. Archaeology NEWS

Author

Hellier, Chris, Bartoloni, Roberto, Anderson, Marilyn, and Fisher, Charles L.

Published
2000

18. Cell Wall Carbohydrate Dynamics during the Differentiation of Infection Structures by the Apple Scab Fungus, Venturia inaequalis

Author

Rocafort, Mercedes, primary, Srivastava, Vaibhav, additional, Bowen, Joanna K., additional, Díaz-Moreno, Sara M., additional, Guo, Yanan, additional, Bulone, Vincent, additional, Plummer, Kim M., additional, Sutherland, Paul W., additional, Anderson, Marilyn A., additional, Bradshaw, Rosie E., additional, and Mesarich, Carl H., additional

Published
2023
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24. Cell Wall Carbohydrate Dynamics during the Differentiation of Infection Structures by the Apple Scab Fungus, Venturia inaequalis

Author

Rocafort, Mercedes, Srivastava, Vaibhav, Bowen, Joanna K., Diaz-Moreno, Sara M, Guo, Yanan, Bulone, Vincent, Plummer, Kim M., Sutherland, Paul W., Anderson, Marilyn A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Mesarich, Carl H., Rocafort, Mercedes, Srivastava, Vaibhav, Bowen, Joanna K., Diaz-Moreno, Sara M, Guo, Yanan, Bulone, Vincent, Plummer, Kim M., Sutherland, Paul W., Anderson, Marilyn A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., and Mesarich, Carl H.

Abstract

Scab, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, is the most economically important disease of apples. During infection, V. inaequalis colonizes the subcuticular host environment, where it develops specialized infection structures called runner hyphae and stromata. These structures are thought to be involved in nutrient acquisition and effector (virulence factor) delivery, but also give rise to conidia that further the infection cycle. Despite their importance, very little is known about how these structures are differentiated. Likewise, nothing is known about how these structures are protected from host defenses or recognition by the host immune system. To better understand these processes, we first performed a glycosidic linkage analysis of sporulating tubular hyphae from V. inaequalis developed in culture. This analysis revealed that the V. inaequalis cell wall is mostly composed of glucans (44%) and mannans (37%), whereas chitin represents a much smaller proportion (4%). Next, we used transcriptomics and confocal laser scanning microscopy to provide insights into the cell wall carbohydrate composition of runner hyphae and stromata. These analyses revealed that, during subcuticular host colonization, genes of V. inaequalis putatively associated with the biosynthesis of immunogenic carbohydrates, such as chitin and b-1,6-glucan, are downregulated relative to growth in culture, while on the surface of runner hyphae and stromata, chitin is deacetylated to the less-immunogenic carbohydrate chitosan. These changes are anticipated to enable the subcuticular differentiation of runner hyphae and stromata by V. inaequalis, as well as to protect these structures from host defenses and recognition by the host immune system. IMPORTANCE Plant-pathogenic fungi are a major threat to food security. Among these are subcuticular pathogens, which often cause latent asymptomatic infections, making them difficult to control. A key feature of these pathogens is thei, QC 20230823

Published
2023
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28. The Plant Defensin NaD1 Enters the Cytoplasm of Candida albicans via Endocytosis

Author

Hayes, Brigitte, Bleackley, Mark, Anderson, Marilyn, and Van Der Weerden, Nicole

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides are widespread in nature and are produced by many organisms as a first line of defence against pathogens. These peptides have a broad range of biological activities, such as antibacterial or antifungal activities and act with varied mechanisms of action. A large number of the peptides are amphipathic α-helices which act by disrupting plasma membranes and allowing leakage of intracellular contents. However, some peptides have more complex mechanisms of action that require internalisation into the target organisms’ cytoplasm. The method by which these peptides enter the cytoplasm varies, with some requiring the energy dependent processes of endocytosis or polyamine transport and others entering via passive transport. Here we describe the mechanism that the antimicrobial peptide, the plant defensin NaD1, uses to transverse the fungal membrane and gain access to the fungal cytoplasm. By inhibiting ATP synthesis and using an inhibitor of actin polymerisation, we show that NaD1 is internalised into C. albicans yeast cells by the energy-dependent process of endocytosis.

Published
2023
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29. Evolutionary Origins of a Bioactive Peptide Buried within Preproalbumin

Author

Elliott, Alysha G., Delay, Christina, Liu, Huanle, Phua, Zaiyang, Rosengren, Johan, Benfield, Aurélie H., Panero, Jose L., Colgrave, Michelle L., Jayasena, Achala S., Dunse, Kerry M., Anderson, Marilyn A., Schilling, Edward E., Ortiz-Barrientos, Daniel, Craik, David J., and Mylne, Joshua S.

Published
2014

32. Cell wall carbohydrate dynamics during the differentiation of infection structures by the apple scab fungus, Venturia inaequalis

Author

Rocafort, Mercedes, primary, Srivastava, Vaibhav, additional, Bowen, Joanna K., additional, Díaz-Moreno, Sara M., additional, Bulone, Vincent, additional, Plummer, Kim M., additional, Sutherland, Paul W., additional, Anderson, Marilyn A., additional, Bradshaw, Rosie E., additional, and Mesarich, Carl H., additional

Published
2022
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37. Degree of Fit: University Students in Paid Employment, Service Delivery and Technology

Author

Anderson, Marilyn J.

Abstract

This study examines the ease of, and proficiency in, accessing web based technology, and the convenience (or otherwise) of service delivery in the facilitation of combining study with paid work for undergraduate students of James Cook University (JCU), Cairns Campus, Far North Queensland. Considering that the typical new millennium student is enrolled full time and works 18 hours per week, when 40% of the sample (n=148) believes that, overall, the university does not cater well to students in paid employment, alarms must sound. These are consumers who work to study, then study to improve their work prospects, and they comprise approximately 50% of the Cairns Campus student population (2,625, from May 2005 census). Further, about one quarter of the students surveyed admit to barely coping with the technological requirements of being a university student 9 weeks into a 13-week semester. The conclusions here are serious, that JCU (at the very least) requires more effective means and media to cater for the needs of a growing number of students, both part time and full time, in paid employment. Ways to improve the degree of fit between the academy and working students, between students and technology, and between delivery of services and student uptake are suggested. (Contains 4 tables and 5 endnotes.)

Published
2006

43. Teaching American Diplomacy Using Primary Sources. The Establishment of the State of Israel.

Author

Denver Univ., CO. Center for Teaching International Relations., Martens, Mert, and Anderson, Marilyn

Abstract

In this high school U.S. government and U.S. history curriculum unit, students examine in depth the establishment of the state of Israel. Detailed activities are provided to teach students about the role of the United States in the creation of the nation of Israel. The materials include informational handouts for students, background information for teachers, lesson ideas and outlines, black line masters, rubrics, applications to civics and history standards, and primary source documents, including correspondence and diaries of key figures in the creation of Israel, newspaper articles, and official documents from the United States, United Kingdom, and United Nations. (RJC)

Published
2000

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