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6. Stimulation of nucleus accumbens 5-HT6receptors increases both appetitive and consummatory motivation in an effort-based choice task

Author

Anderson, Grace E., Sharp, Alexandra, and Pratt, Wayne E.

Abstract

Activity of the serotonin 6(5-HT6) receptor impacts food intake and body weight in animal models and has also shown potential as a target for treatment of anhedonia, a symptom of major depressive disorder. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region involved in motivational processes and has been implicated in the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia. Here, we assessed the potential role that 5-HT6receptors in the NAc play in regulating motivation towards food. Rats received surgical implantation of guide cannulas above the NAc shell. On testing days, they were injected with either the selective 5-HT6agonist EMD 386088 (at 0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/0.5 mL/side) or the 5-HT6antagonist SB 252585 (at 0, 1.0, and 4.0 µg/0.5 µL/side) prior to completing a 1-h long effort-based choice task. The task simultaneously examined the impact of NAc 5-HT6receptor manipulation on appetitive motivation, measured as the breakpoint for earning a preferred sugar pellet in a progressive ratio task, and consummatory motivation, quantified as the grams of freely-available rat chow consumed during the session. Stimulation of NAc 5-HT receptors significantly increased both appetitive and consummatory motivation as assessed in this effort-based choice task. In contrast, 5-HT6antagonism did not affect break point nor the consumption of the freely-available chow. These data suggest that 5-HT6receptors are functional within the NAc, that their stimulation increases motivated behavior, and that they may therefore be a viable target for the treatment of anhedonia and disorders that inhibit motivational processes.

Published
2023
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8. A study of intervention strategies to deter repeat in-school suspension offenders, 1988

Author

Anderson, Grace E. (Author), Williams, Claudette (Degree supervisor), Anderson, Grace E. (Author), and Williams, Claudette (Degree supervisor)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention strategies (models) used in this large urban school system and their impact upon the number of repeat offenders in this school system. The study, therefore, investigated the types of in-school suspension models used in selected urban schools and evaluated the success of each in deterring repeat in-school suspension offenders. The findings of this study were a result of the testing of five null hypotheses of the study, which are as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in the in-school suspension models that were used in the sixteen middle schools sample. While the academic model was used more often, the difference was not significant. 2. There was no relationship between the number of repeat offenders and the in-school suspension model used. In the case of this study, the number of repeat offenders was large, but lateral. The correlation coefficient was not significant at the .05 level. 3. There was no significant difference between the number of repeat offenders and the in-school suspension model used. Additionally, the in-school suspension models used in this study yielded findings that indicated that there was no significant difference in the models between the schools. All schools used a combination of the four models. There was no single school using one particular model. 4. There was no relationship found between the in-school suspension model used by (a) gender and (b) grade level. None was significant at the .05 level. 5. There was no relationship between the number of repeat offenders and the number of students retained. This finding was contrary to the literature which suggested that a linear relationship existed between these variables. According to Duke in 1992, students who required special in-school suspension strategies often were repeat offenders and were also often retained. The most significant finding in this study was that there were no significant differences or relationsh

9. Dietary Intake and Influence of Nutrition Education for Selected Elderly in the Congregate Meals Program

Author

Anderson, Grace E.

Subjects
Education, Family and Consumer Sciences
Abstract

Nationally, the elderly know fewer facts about nutrition as compared to younger people (41). Senior citizens have relatively poor diets and many are at nutritional risk. The Congregate Meals Program (CMP) provides one low-cost meal a day, five days a week for participants over 60 years of age and their spouses. The meal is to provide one-third of the RDA for the elderly. Based on these generalities, the questions investigated in three eastern South Dakota nutrition sites, with this research are: 1) What is the contribution of the CMP in the total dietary pattern of participants as recorded on a 24-hour dietary recall? 2) What basic knowledge and practices do senior citizens have about nutrition, as measured by a questionnaire? 3) How is their knowledge level about nutrition changed by three lessons in nutrition? 4) What effects do age, education, and other demographic factors have on nutrition knowledge as measured on a pretest and post test? 5) Do those who took the pretest and post test differ from those who took only the pretest on characteristics measured by a questionnaire? 6) Is the level of nutrition knowledge reflected in their dietary pattern? 7) How do CMP attendance, age, education, living situation, sex, and health affect nutrient intake.

Published
1978

10. Stimulation of nucleus accumbens 5-HT6 receptors increases both appetitive and consummatory motivation in an effort-based choice task.

Author

Anderson GE, Sharp A, and Pratt WE

Subjects
Animals, Rats, Anhedonia, Nucleus Accumbens, Depressive Disorder, Major, Motivation
Abstract

Activity of the serotonin 6(5-HT6) receptor impacts food intake and body weight in animal models and has also shown potential as a target for treatment of anhedonia, a symptom of major depressive disorder. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region involved in motivational processes and has been implicated in the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia. Here, we assessed the potential role that 5-HT6 receptors in the NAc play in regulating motivation towards food. Rats received surgical implantation of guide cannulas above the NAc shell. On testing days, they were injected with either the selective 5-HT6 agonist EMD 386088 (at 0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/0.5 mL/side) or the 5-HT6 antagonist SB 252585 (at 0, 1.0, and 4.0 µg/0.5 µL/side) prior to completing a 1-h long effort-based choice task. The task simultaneously examined the impact of NAc 5-HT6 receptor manipulation on appetitive motivation, measured as the breakpoint for earning a preferred sugar pellet in a progressive ratio task, and consummatory motivation, quantified as the grams of freely-available rat chow consumed during the session. Stimulation of NAc 5-HT receptors significantly increased both appetitive and consummatory motivation as assessed in this effort-based choice task. In contrast, 5-HT6 antagonism did not affect break point nor the consumption of the freely-available chow. These data suggest that 5-HT6 receptors are functional within the NAc, that their stimulation increases motivated behavior, and that they may therefore be a viable target for the treatment of anhedonia and disorders that inhibit motivational processes., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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