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The search for genetic variants associated with ovarian cancer risk has focused on pathways including sex steroid hormones, DNA repair, and cell cycle control. The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes in these pathways, which had been genotyped by Consortium members and a pooled analysis of these data was conducted. Three of the 10 SNPs showed evidence of an association with ovarian cancer at P< or =0.10 in a log-additive model: rs2740574 in CYP3A4 (P=0.011), rs1805386 in LIG4 (P=0.007), and rs3218536 in XRCC2 (P=0.095). Additional genotyping in other OCAC studies was undertaken and only the variant in CYP3A4, rs2740574, continued to show an association in the replication data among homozygous carriers: OR(homozygous(hom))=2.50 (95% CI 0.54-11.57, P=0.24) with 1406 cases and 2827 controls. Overall, in the combined data the odds ratio was 2.81 among carriers of two copies of the minor allele (95% CI 1.20-6.56, P=0.017, p(het) across studies=0.42) with 1969 cases and 3491 controls. There was no association among heterozygous carriers. CYP3A4 encodes a key enzyme in oestrogen metabolism and our finding between rs2740574 and risk of ovarian cancer suggests that this pathway may be involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Additional follow-up is warranted.

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescent perceptions of family system characteristics and parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent substance use. Self-report questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 489 high school students. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the research hypotheses. Results indicated that the frequency of parental substance use was positively related to adolescent substance use, while family bonding and parental support were negatively related. The results provide support for considering both family system characteristics and parenting behaviors in relation to adolescent substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the case of an elite female track and field athlete who suffered a pneumomediastinum resulting from a Valsalva maneuver performed while throwing the javelin. Background: Episodes of chest pain and labored breathing in athletes may be alarming. Accurate, early diagnosis is enhanced by an awareness of those relatively rare conditions that may cause these symptoms. Differential Diagnosis: Bronchial injury/fracture, retropharyngeal abscess, acute pulmonary disease, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, cardiac disease, allergic reaction. Treatment: The athlete was given intravenous morphine for pain, prescribed oral pain medication, and restricted from strenuous activity for 6 weeks. Aerobic exercise was allowed after pain and air in the neck subsided, which was estimated at 1 week postinjury. Uniqueness: This is a rarely reported case of a pneumomediastinum in a female and a track and field athlete. Conclusions: Medical personnel must be aware of the possibility of pneumomediastinum in track and field athletes and in female athletes and must be knowledgeable in the followup care and the safe return of the athlete to activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Millions experience inadequately managed acute pain each year. Opioids are an important tool for managing pain; however, recent reductions in opioid prescriptions have exacerbated preexisting challenges in pain management. Moreover, patient expectations and desires for pain management may drive additional opioid use. There is an important need to characterize patient motivations for using opioids in order to develop promising interventions. The aim of this study was to develop the Decisions To use Opioids (DTO) measure., Methods: We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design to create items for the DTO measure. Qualitative data from patient interviews and focus groups informed the development of items for the DTO. We evaluated the content validity of candidate items with nine experts using the content validity index (CVI) and conceptual significance. Face validity was assessed via cognitive interviews with five emergency department (ED) participants who experienced acute pain., Results: We generated an initial pool of 52 items. Expert ratings provided evidence of content validity on 40 items, as indicated by an item CVI score of 0.83 or higher. Nine items with CVI scores of <0.83 were retained and revised due to the conceptual significance. The remaining three items were discarded., Conclusions: This study provided evidence of content and face validity of the DTO measure for ED patients. Further psychometric evaluation is needed to gather data regarding the DTO's internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. Research reported in this article was generously supported by the NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse (K08DA049948, PI: B.P.; K24DA037109, PI: E.B.; R01DA047236, PI: E.B.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Recognizing and managing pain is especially challenging for vulnerable populations who cannot communicate their discomfort. Because there is no valid and reliable objective measure of pain, the American Society for Pain Management Nursing advocates for comprehensive assessment practices articulated in a Hierarchy of Pain Assessment. These practices must gather relevant information to infer the presence of pain and evaluate a patient's response to treatment. Nurses and other healthcare providers must be advocates for those who cannot communicate their pain experience., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests. (Please use author initials, not full names, so that we can maintain double-blind review): Dr. Manworren is funded as the PI by the National Science Foundation #2,205,472 to develop a Neonatal Facial Coding for Pain Recognition Monitoring System (PRAMS). NSF 21–530 Smart Health and Biomedical Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Data Science., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Untreated or undertreated pain is well established as a significant problem, but unidentified pain is a distinct construct that still needs to be clearly modeled or fully described. This paper aims to develop a conceptual model of unidentified pain in humans with the goal of future development of an unidentified pain risk tool. A multi-phase process was employed consisting sequentially of 1) brainstorming followed by consensus building, 2) peer-review and publication of an integrative theoretical review protocol for "unidentified pain," 3) conduct of the integrative review, and 4) a repeated brainstorming session to identify areas of risk for unidentified pain to produce a conceptual model. Brainstorming led to a consensus on "unidentified pain" as the concept of interest, followed by developing a review protocol. Twenty-four abstracts were reviewed after database searches, and four articles were included for full-text review. Three pain risk areas (hazards) were identified: cognition/communication problems, being alone or in the absence of a surrogate/proxy report, and the presence of known painful conditions or treatments and a conceptual model was developed. The hazards are posited to have the potential to both interact and be cumulative, increasing the risk for unidentified pain. There is currently no risk tool for assessing unidentified pain. The development of this conceptual model will be used for future development and psychometric testing of a tool to recognize the risk for unidentified pain in humans. PERSPECTIVE: This focus article describes the development a conceptual model for the concept of unidentified pain in humans. This pain may occur in individuals who experience one or more interactive and cumulative hazards: cognition/communication problems, being alone, absence of a surrogate/proxy report, or presence of known painful conditions or treatments., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Jeffrey Boon reports funding from the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and the Sigma Theta Tau International Nursing Honor Society (Iota); support for attending meetings from the American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Stephen Bruehl reports funding from the National Institutes of Health; consulting fees from Akigai; and a leadership role in the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association. Michael Carter reports a leadership role (chair, Board of Directors) for Frontier Nursing University. Michelle Failla reports funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Institute on Aging; honoraria from the University of Pittsburgh; and an unpaid leadership role (special interest group) in the International Association for the Study of Pain. Todd Monroe reports funding from the National Institute on Aging; support for attending meetings from the National Institute on Aging. Ulrike Muench reports funding from the National Institute on Aging, University of California San Francisco Clinical and Translational Science Institute, California Health Care Foundation, and the Department of Health Care Access and Information; consulting fees from Brown University and the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Technology Services. Diane Von Ah reports funding from the National Cancer Institute; honoraria from the Oncology Nursing Society; support for attending meetings from the Oncology Nursing Society, the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, the Midwest Nursing Research Society, and the NIH NCI PDQ Supportive Care; leadership role in the Midwest Nursing Research Society. Other authors report no relationships or conflicts of interests., (Copyright © 2024 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: There are well-documented health disparities among sexual and/or gender minority (LGBTQ+) individuals generally, but there is limited research investigating the disparities in health-related lifestyle factors and mental health among LGBTQ+ graduate students, which is a group that may be especially vulnerable., Participants: This project was a secondary analysis of data from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment's (NCHA) Fall 2019 wave, which included 7,766 graduate students., Methods: Students self-reported engagement in health-related lifestyle factors and psychological distress. Welch's independent samples t-tests were used to compare differences in psychological distress and lifestyle behaviors and multiple linear regression models were used to test lifestyle factors as predictors of LGBTQ+ psychological distress., Results: LGBTQ+ graduate students reported worse lifestyle profiles compared to their peers and greater psychological distress. Sleep quality had the strongest association with psychological distress among LGBTQ+ graduate students., Conclusions: These findings have important implications for policies and interventions to improve health and decrease suffering in LGBTQ+ graduate students.

Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with enhanced tissue repair and functional outcomes. The existing body of research in biomaterials for stroke focuses on hydrogels for the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, or small molecules or drugs. Despite the ability of hydrogels to enhance all these delivery methods, no material has significantly regrown vasculature within the translatable timeline of days to weeks after stroke. Here, two novel biomaterial formulations of granular hydrogels are developed for tissue regeneration after stroke: highly porous microgels (i.e., Cryo microgels) and microgels bound with heparin-norbornene nanoparticles with covalently bound SDF-1α. The combination of these materials results in perfused vessels throughout the stroke core in only 10 days, in addition to increased neural progenitor cell recruitment, maintenance, and increased neuronal differentiation., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Abstract: Children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) have increases in morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 infections. The American Society of Hematology Research Collaborative Sickle Cell Disease Research Network performed a prospective COVID-19 vaccine study to assess antibody responses and analyze whether messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination precipitated any adverse effects unique to individuals with SCD. Forty-one participants received 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and provided baseline blood samples before vaccination and 2 months after the initial vaccination for analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein. Six-month IgG reactivity against the viral RBD was also available in 37 patients. Postvaccination reactogenicity was common and similar to the general population. There were no fevers that required inpatient admission. Vaso-occlusive pain within 2 to 3 days of first or second vaccination was reported by 5 participants (12%) including 4 (10%) who sought medical care. Twenty-seven participants (66%) were seropositive at baseline, and all 14 initially seronegative participants (34%) converted to seropositive after vaccination. Overall, mRNA vaccination had a good risk-benefit profile in individuals with SCD. This mRNA vaccine study also marks the first evaluation of vaccine safety and antibody response in very young children with SCD. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT05139992., (© 2024 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

Context: Foot/ankle pain is common among runners. Inadequate management of runners with foot/ankle pain can lead to lost training time, competition removal, and other activity limitations. Neurodynamics, which refers to the integrated biomechanical, physiological, and structural function of the nervous system during movement, can be overlooked in patients with foot/ankle pain. Although a link between the cervical spine, neurodynamics, and upper quarter pain has been studied, less is known about the relationship between the lumbar spine and lower quarter. This case series describes the successful management of 3 runners with foot/ankle pain., Case Presentations: Three female runners (ages 23, 24, and 45 y) presented to physical therapy with foot/ankle pain and difficulty running. Each patient had positive examination findings with local foot/ankle testing. A comprehensive lumbar spine examination demonstrated impairments in range of motion and joint mobility that were hypothesized to be contributing. Positive lower quarter neurodynamic tests were also found., Management and Outcomes: All patients were treated with nonthrust lumbar spine mobilization and lower quarter neural tissue mobilization. Changes in the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and Global Rating of Change occurred after intervention targeting the lumbar spine and lower-extremity neurodynamics in all patients., Conclusions: This case series demonstrates the importance of including a thorough lumbar spine examination and neurodynamic testing to identify appropriate interventions while managing patients with foot/ankle pain, even when patients have signs indicative of local ankle/foot pathology. These examination procedures should be performed particularly when a patient is not responding to management targeting local foot/ankle structures.

Objective: Campus recreational sport activities impact college student health and well-being in a variety of domains. This multi-institutional study examined the participation of students in campus recreation during the pandemic and explored the relationship between student participation and their demographic markers, COVID-19 experience, and perceptions of risk, health and safety. Methods: Results from a survey of 1,815 American college students indicated the presence of statistical differences in sport participation based on Gender, Race, State, Personal COVID-19 Experience, Campus Safety Efforts, and Risk Perception Score within various areas of analysis. Results: The impact and meaning of these cross-sectional results are discussed with reference to the ongoing pandemic and student health. Recommendations are presented within the context of this vital programming area both during and beyond the current crisis. Conclusion: These results are especially important given the health benefits associated with participation in recreational sport as tools to mitigate against the unprecedented consequences of the pandemic.

Poor sleep is becoming increasingly prevalent and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Sunlight exposure may improve sleep by regulating circadian rhythms, increasing vitamin D, and influencing melatonin production. However, research on the sunlight-sleep association is limited, especially outside of cross-sectional designs. This study examined associations between daily self-reported sunlight exposure and next-night sleep quality in 103 adults for up to 70 days. The timing of sunlight exposure predicted next-night sleep quality. Specifically, morning sunlight exposure, relative to no sunlight, predicted better sleep quality based on responses to the brief Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Duration of sunlight exposure was generally not associated with sleep quality. Morning sunlight may regulate circadian rhythms, subsequently improving sleep. Findings have potential implications for sleep interventions and daylight savings time policies. Future research should test whether morning sunlight exposure can enhance the effectiveness of sleep interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Field-forward analytical technologies, such as portable mass spectrometry (MS), enable essential capabilities for real-time monitoring and point-of-care diagnostic applications. Significant and recent investments improving the features of miniaturized mass spectrometers enable various new applications outside of small molecule detection. Most notably, the addition of tandem mass spectrometry scans (MS/MS) allows the instrument to isolate and fragment ions and increase the analytical specificity by measuring unique chemical signatures for ions of interest. Notwithstanding these technological advancements, low-cost, portable systems still struggle to confidently identify clinically significant organisms of interest, such as bacteria, viruses, and proteinaceous toxins, due to the limitations in resolving power. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel multidimensional mass fingerprinting technique that uses tandem mass spectrometry to increase the chemical specificity for low-resolution mass spectral profiles. We demonstrated the method's capabilities for differentiating four different bacteria, including attentuated strains of Yersinia pestis . This approach allowed for the accurate (>92%) identification of each organism at the strain level using de-resolved matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) data to mimic the performance characteristics of miniaturized mass spectrometers. This work demonstrates that low-resolution mass spectrometers, equipped with tandem MS acquisition modes, can accurately identify clinically relevant bacteria. These findings support the future application of these technologies for field-forward and point-of-care applications where high-performance mass spectrometers would be cost-prohibitive or otherwise impractical.

Tumor evolution is driven by genetic variation; however, it is the tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides the selective pressure contributing to evolution in cancer. Despite high histopathological heterogeneity within glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, the interactions between the genetically distinct GBM cells and the surrounding TME are not fully understood. To address this, we analyzed matched primary and recurrent GBM archival tumor tissues with imaging-based techniques aimed to simultaneously evaluate tumor tissues for the presence of hypoxic, angiogenic, and inflammatory niches, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, TERT promoter mutational status, and several oncogenic amplifications on the same slide and location. We found that the relationships between genetic and TME diversity are different in primary and matched recurrent tumors. Interestingly, the texture of the ECM, identified by label-free reflectance imaging, was predictive of single-cell genetic traits present in the tissue. Moreover, reflectance of ECM revealed structured organization of the perivascular niche in recurrent GBM, enriched in immunosuppressive macrophages. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics further confirmed the presence of the niche-specific macrophage populations and identified interactions between endothelial cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and immunosuppressive macrophages. Our results underscore the importance of GBM tissue organization in tumor evolution and highlight genetic and spatial dependencies.

Inflammatory bowel disease lacks a long-lasting and broadly effective therapy. Here, by taking advantage of the anti-infection and anti-inflammatory properties of natural antibodies against the small-molecule epitope phosphorylcholine (PC), we show in multiple mouse models of colitis that immunization of the animals with self-assembling supramolecular peptide nanofibres bearing PC epitopes induced sustained levels of anti-PC antibodies that were both protective and therapeutic. The strength and type of immune responses elicited by the nanofibres could be controlled through the relative valency of PC epitopes and exogenous T-cell epitopes on the nanofibres and via the addition of the adjuvant CpG. The nanomaterial-assisted induction of the production of therapeutic antibodies may represent a durable therapy for inflammatory bowel disease., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Various components of social functioning predict depression and these associations can vary by gender. Bi-directional associations may be important to consider as social factors may influence depressive symptoms while depressive symptoms may impact social factors. Most previous longitudinal research examining bi-directional effects has traditionally used the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), which has some inherent weaknesses. This study sought to apply a more comprehensive analysis to examine bi-directional associations between friend engagement, social functioning, and depressive symptoms. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were tested on three waves from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ( N = 5890). Average levels of social functioning were positively associated with friend engagement and negatively associated with depression. Fluctuations in social functioning and friend engagement were negatively associated with same-wave depressive symptoms. Lastly, depression was predicted by previous fluctuations in social functioning, although the findings varied by gender. This study showed that the relationships between social factors and depression are apparent within and across large time intervals, even while controlling for between-person associations. These findings add further support to the need to attend to social life as a predictor of depression in older adults. Future research could improve upon this research by examining the characteristics of the friendship interactions and including more diverse samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background and Aims: Imposter phenomenon (IP), or perceived fraudulence, describes an ongoing fear of exposure as a fraud or imposter, despite objective successes and accomplishments. Although there is a growing interest of IP in medicine, IP in the physical therapy profession has been minimally examined. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of IP among licensed physical therapists in the United States., Methods: This cross-sectional observational study utilized an online survey to assess levels of IP using the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale. We assessed degrees of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction and collected professional and demographic information. A multivariable logistic regression model examined factors associated with IP presence., Results: The mean IP score was 60.3 (SD: 15.1, range: 19-95). Fifty-five respondents (10.7%) had low IP, 196 (38.1%) moderate, 215 (41.8%) frequent, and 48 (9.3%) intense IP. The prevalence of IP, defined as frequent or intense IP, was 51.2%. Having manager/supervisor experience (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-0.90) was associated with a reduced odds of IP presence. Holding a bachelor's or master's degree (vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT); OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.07-5.00), a history of or current mental health diagnosis (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.69-4.54), and emotional exhaustion (moderate vs. low: OR = 5.37, 95% CI = 2.11-13.69; high vs. low: OR = 14.13, 95% CI = 5.56-35.89) were each associated with an increased odds of IP presence., Conclusions: IP is highly prevalent among licensed physical therapists. Seasoned clinicians with managerial roles seemed to be less susceptible to IP, whereas those with mental health diagnoses, emotional exhaustion, and those without a DPT degree may be more susceptible. Given its high prevalence and potential negative impact on burnout and career advancement, it is crucial to increase IP awareness and provide education on management strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: College student mental health has been decreasing and lifestyle factors may be an important factor in improving mental health. These behaviors may cluster together in complex ways, which could impact the success of lifestyle interventions. Participants: Two samples of U.S. undergraduate college students were drawn from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (NCHA). The data were collected in Fall of 2019 ( N  = 30,075) and Spring of 2021 ( N  = 70,059). Methods: Students responded to various health and well-being related questions. Network models were used to examine how lifestyle behaviors cluster together and additional models contained both lifestyle behaviors and health and well-being outcomes. Results: Lifestyle clustering was found, and some similar patterns were seen across time periods and across levels of psychological distress. Conclusions: Individual lifestyle behaviors exist within a complex lifestyle network, which may need to be accounted for in lifestyle interventions.

Chronic pain, sleep problems, and psychological distress (PD) can be disabling conditions and previous research has shown that they are associated. The nuances of the comorbid nature of these conditions may be important to understand for those who treat these conditions. This study examined the bidirectional associations of these health factors concurrently and over time in a sample of U.S. adults (N = 1,008, M age = 57.68) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Participants reported on their daily pain, sleep quantity, and psychological distress over eight days. A modified Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model was used to analyze the relations, starting with the whole sample and then a comparison of those with and without chronic pain. Results indicated that nightly variation in sleep quantity predicted next day psychological distress for both groups. Sleep quantity also predicted next-day pain, but only for individuals with chronic pain. Associations between pain and psychological distress were found both at the daily level and individual (between-person) level. This between-person association was stronger for those with chronic pain. The lagged associations between sleep, and both pain and psychological distress for the chronic pain group indicate that, increased quantity of sleep predicts decreased next-day pain and psychological distress. Providers could consider this unidirectional lagged relationship when prioritizing treatment for patients with these comorbid conditions. Future research may examine whether responsive, just-in-time treatments might intervene after participants wake from a poor night's sleep to counteract the negative effects of reduced sleep on PD and pain., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: At-home self-collection of specimens has become more commonplace because of measures taken in response to the coronavirus pandemic. Self-collection of hair cortisol is important because chronic stress is present in many populations, such as older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and their family caregivers. For the evaluation of chronic stress, scalp hair can be used as a predictive biomarker because it examines the cumulative, retrospective stress from previous months., Objectives: The aim of the paper is to provide a study procedure for at-home, scalp hair self-collection for cortisol concentration analysis from dyads consisting of a person living with Alzheimer's disease and their family caregiver., Methods: After informed electronic consent is obtained, a package containing the necessary tools for self-collection of hair samples from the dyad is mailed to the participant's home. Participants are provided detailed print and video multimedia guides outlining how to obtain the hair samples. Ideally, the hair samples are obtained during the virtual data collection meeting with research personnel. Participants mail back the hair sample in a prepaid package to the biomedical laboratory for analysis., Discussion: At-home, self-collection of hair provides potential advantages such as reduced participant burden, especially for vulnerable populations where transportation and different environments are challenging. At-home sample collection options may increase research participation and can be applied to multiple research foci. Research considerations for dyads, such as people living with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers, are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

For over 100 years, psychophysics ..÷ the scientific study between physical stimuli and sensation ... has been successfully employed in numerous scientific and healthcare disciplines, as an objective measure of sensory phenomena. This manuscript provides an overview of fundamental psychophysical concepts, emphasizing pain and research application..÷defining common terms, methods, and procedures.Psychophysics can provide systematic and objective measures of sensory perception that can be used by nursing scientists to explore complex, subjective phenomena..÷such as pain perception. While there needs to be improved standardization of terms and techniques, psychophysical approaches are diverse and may be tailored to address or augment current research paradigms. The interdisciplinary nature of psychophysics..÷like nursing..÷provides a unique lens for understanding how our perceptions are influenced by measurable sensations. While the quest to understand human perception is far from complete, nursing science has an opportunity to contribute to pain research by using the techniques and methods available through psychophysical procedures., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Melittobia acasta Walker is one among other hymenopterous parasitoids of Megachile rotundata F. Commercial M. rotundata populations are employed to pollinate North American alfalfa for seed production. This wasp can be prolific when using M. rotundata as a host and can reduce or destroy bee stocks. Hundreds of M. acasta female offspring can develop in a single M. rotundata cell and disperse to infest other cells, producing thousands of more parasitoids. In this study, we determined (i) upon what bee life stages M. acasta females choose to lay eggs and if those eggs ultimately become adults and (ii) M. acasta female longevity when exposed to various resources within M. rotundata cells. We found that M. acasta females lay eggs on M. rotundata prepupae and pupae and that those eggs can hatch and survive to adulthood. Eggs are not laid on early instar bee larvae; eggs laid on adults do not survive. Average female life span is 5 days without feeding, 8-9 days if a pollen-nectar provision is available while the bee develops through larval stages, and 34 days if the wasp can feed on prepupal hemolymph. Wasp females can emerge from bee cells several days after trays of cells are taken to fields. Therefore, adult females could survive long enough for new bee offspring to become prepupae. Our findings support a better understanding of host life stage preference and the longevity of M. acasta females that can inform the timing of the implementation of possible control measures., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America 2023.)

Lesbians in sport may reside in a culture of silence due to the fear of being negatively labeled. Often, ideologies regarding lesbian athletes validate social inequalities through institutional practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of NCAA female sexual minority student-athletes. Employing purposeful sampling, nine current and former female student-athletes participated in semi-structured interviews. Through a combination of inductive and narrative analyses during the data collection and analysis processes, the findings revealed five higher order themes: (1) climate, (2) validation and norms of behavior, (3), misunderstandings and misconceptions, (4) negotiating identities and risk, and (5) gender ideology and assumptions. Although results of the present study are not generalizable, this study can inform inclusive practices to improve the experiences of sexual minority student-athletes. Further, this study will create awareness regarding the obstacles female sexual minority student-athletes endure on college campuses and within the setting of intercollegiate sport.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in glioblastoma faces many challenges including insufficient CAR T cell abundance and antigen-negative tumor cells evading targeting. Unfortunately, preclinical studies evaluating CAR T cells in glioblastoma focus on tumor models that express a single antigen, use immunocompromised animals, and/or pre-treat with lymphodepleting agents. While lymphodepletion enhances CAR T cell efficacy, it diminishes the endogenous immune system that has the potential for tumor eradication. Here, we engineered CAR T cells to express IL7 and/or Flt3L in 50% EGFRvIII-positive and -negative orthotopic tumors pre-conditioned with non-lymphodepleting irradiation. IL7 and IL7 Flt3L CAR T cells increased intratumoral CAR T cell abundance seven days after treatment. IL7 co-expression with Flt3L modestly increased conventional dendritic cells as well as the CD103+XCR1+ population known to have migratory and antigen cross-presenting capabilities. Treatment with IL7 or IL7 Flt3L CAR T cells improved overall survival to 67% and 50%, respectively, compared to 9% survival with conventional or Flt3L CAR T cells. We concluded that CAR T cells modified to express IL7 enhanced CAR T cell abundance and improved overall survival in EGFRvIII heterogeneous tumors pre-conditioned with non-lymphodepleting irradiation. Potentially IL7 or IL7 Flt3L CAR T cells can provide new opportunities to combine CAR T cells with other immunotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Swan, Mehta, Ilich, Shen, Wilkinson, Anderson, Segura, Sanchez-Perez, Sampson and Bellamkonda.)

Background and Purpose: Given the increased use of stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy and other ablative therapies for tremor, new biomarkers are needed to improve outcomes. Using resting-state fMRI and MR tractography, we hypothesized that a "connectome fingerprint" can predict tremor outcomes and potentially serve as a targeting biomarker for stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy., Materials and Methods: We evaluated 27 patients who underwent unilateral stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy for essential tremor or tremor-predominant Parkinson disease. Percentage postoperative improvement in the contralateral limb Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Clinical Tremor Rating Scale (TRS) was the primary end point. Connectome-style resting-state fMRI and MR tractography were performed before stereotactic radiosurgery. Using the final lesion volume as a seed, "connectivity fingerprints" representing ideal connectivity maps were generated as whole-brain R-maps using a voxelwise nonparametric Spearman correlation. A leave-one-out cross-validation was performed using the generated R-maps., Results: The mean improvement in the contralateral tremor score was 55.1% (SD, 38.9%) at a mean follow-up of 10.0 (SD, 5.0) months. Structural connectivity correlated with contralateral TRS improvement ( r = 0.52; P  = .006) and explained 27.0% of the variance in outcome. Functional connectivity correlated with contralateral TRS improvement ( r = 0.50; P  = .008) and explained 25.0% of the variance in outcome. Nodes most correlated with tremor improvement corresponded to areas of known network dysfunction in tremor, including the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway and the primary and extrastriate visual cortices., Conclusions: Stereotactic radiosurgical targets with a distinct connectivity profile predict improvement in tremor after treatment. Such connectomic fingerprints show promise for developing patient-specific biomarkers to guide therapy with stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy., (© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

In 2015, Toronto's largest LGBTQ2S organization, the city, and a private donor collaborated and proposed what they believed constituted the world's first LGBTQ2S sport and recreation facility in Toronto's Moss Park neighborhood. While conceived as a site that would expand community services in an underserved community, this project was met with criticism from segments of the Moss Park community. Using qualitative interviews with both representatives from the LGBTQ2S organization and local residents, the purpose of this was to analyze justifications behind the project and concerns from the community. In so doing, the authors reflect upon the relationship between sport, recreation, and leisure-based place-making and questions of queer/de-queering politics by exploring the transformative or assimilationist aspects of queer recreation practices, the homonormativity of leisure spaces, and spiritual displacement associated with queer gentrification.

Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is an integral membrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan that is involved in inflammatory response, cell-signaling, cell proliferation, and numerous other cell-matrix interactions. Like the other members of the syndecan family, very little is known about structural conformations and dynamics of SDC-1. A majority of interactions occur through the extracellular ectodomain, therefore we have dedicated our research efforts to the study this specific portion of SDC-1. The ectodomain is often shed from the cell surface due to various stimuli. The released fragment has already been used as a useful biomarker for prognosis of some diseases and cancers. SDC-1 can be cleaved in different locations depending on the sheddase, generating soluble shed ectodomains that can be carried away in blood sera. In this study, we focus specifically on two main cleavage fragments that can be generated. We show the first successful expression and purification of recombinant SDC-1 ectodomains. Production of SDC-1 in E. coli allows the production of the core protein without risking heterogeneous post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, allowing a certain level of control over protein homogeneity that is not possible in mammalian expression. An expression vector was used to generate two different fusion proteins consisting of a His-tag and a TEV cleavage site for the removal of the fusion partner. SDS-PAGE was used to track the expression as well as the purification. Masses of the isolated proteins were determined using mass spectrometry and the purity and homogeneity were evaluated by solution NMR., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, sleep, smoking, diet, and social interaction are associated with depression. This study aimed to model the complex relationships between lifestyle behaviors and depression and among the lifestyle behaviors. Data from three waves of the Midlife in the United States study were used, involving 6898 adults. Network models revealed associations between the lifestyle behaviors and depression, with smoker status being strongly associated with depression. Depression, smoker status, age, time, and exercise were some of the most central components of the networks. Future lifestyle intervention research might prioritize specific behaviors based on these associations and centrality indices.

Microgels are the building blocks of microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds, which serve as a platform for both in vitro cell culture and in vivo tissue repair. In these granular scaffolds, the innate porosity generated by the void space between microgels enables cell infiltration and migration. Controlling the void fraction and particle fraction is critical for MAP scaffold design, as porosity is a bioactive cue for cells. Spherical microgels can be generated on a microfluidic device for controlled size and shape and subsequently freeze-dried using methods that prevent fracturing of the polymer network. Upon rehydration, the lyophilized microgels lead to controlled particle fractions in MAP scaffolds. The implementation of these methods for microgel lyophilization has led to reproducible studies showing the effect of particle fraction on macromolecule diffusion and cell spreading. The following protocol will cover the fabrication, lyophilization, and rehydration of microgels for controlling particle fraction in MAP scaffolds, as well as annealing the microgels through bio-orthogonal crosslinking for 3D cell culture in vitro.

Background: Pain continues to be underrecognized and undertreated in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is essential to pain processing and modulation yet is damaged by AD. While evidence exists of altered neural processing of pain in AD, there has not been a focused investigation of the PAG during pain in people with AD., Purpose: To investigate the role of the PAG in sensory and affective pain processing for people living with AD., Methods: Participants from a larger study completed pain psychophysics assessments and then a perceptually-matched heat pain task (warmth, mild, and moderate pain) during a functional MRI scan. In this cross-sectional study, we examined blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the PAG and other pain-related regions in participants with AD ( n  = 18) and cognitively intact older adults (age- and sex-matched, n  = 18). Associations of BOLD percent signal change and psychophysics were also examined., Results: There were significant main effects of AD status on the temperature needed to reach each perception of warmth or pain, where people with AD reached higher temperatures. Furthermore, participants with AD rated mild and moderate pain as more unpleasant than controls. PAG BOLD activation was greater in AD relative to controls during warmth and mild pain percepts. No significant differences were found for moderate pain or in other regions of interest. Greater PAG activation during mild pain was associated with higher affective/unpleasantness ratings of mild pain in participants with AD but not in controls., Conclusion: Results suggest a role for the PAG in altered pain responses in people with AD. The PAG is the primary source of endogenous opioid pain inhibition in the neuroaxis, thus, altered PAG function in AD suggests possible changes in descending pain inhibitory circuits. People with AD may have a greater risk of suffering from pain compared to cognitively intact older adults., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Anderson, Monroe, Dietrich, Bruehl, Iversen, Cowan and Failla.)

Background: We hypothesize that cancer survival can be improved through adapting treatment strategies to cancer evolutionary dynamics and conducted a phase 1b study in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Methods: Men with asymptomatic mCSPC were enrolled and proceeded with a treatment break after achieving > 75% PSA decline with LHRH analog plus an NHA. ADT was restarted at the time of PSA or radiographic progression and held again after achieving >50% PSA decline. This on-off cycling of ADT continued until on treatment imaging progression. Results: At data cut off in August 2022, only 2 of the 16 evaluable patients were off study due to imaging progression at 28 months from first dose of LHRH analog for mCSPC. Two additional patients showed PSA progression at 12.4 and 20.5 months and remain on trial. Since none of the 16 patients developed imaging progression at 12 months, the study succeeded in its primary objective of feasibility. The secondary endpoints of median time to PSA progression and median time to radiographic progression have not been reached at a median follow up of 26 months. Conclusions: It is feasible to use an individual’s PSA response and testosterone levels to guide intermittent ADT in mCSPC.

Microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels are porous 3D scaffolds generated by interlinking randomly packed microgels (µgels). Particle fraction, hydrogel stiffness, microparticle shape, and crosslinking chemistry are paramount to the microstructure that microgels make within MAP scaffolds. Of these parameters, control over the particle fraction in MAP scaffolds varies greatly by user and drying technique, leading to inconsistent microarchitectures. These inconsistencies have biological ramifications, as the particle fraction of MAP scaffolds determines the void space within the material which strongly impacts cell growth. Here, we describe a method of freeze-drying microgels that leads to consistent and user-defined particle fractions by weighing the dried microgel powder and reconstituting at known volumes. Though freeze-drying hydrogels typically leads to ice crystal and cryogel formation, we report on mediums that result in freeze-dried microgels that retain their original properties when rehydrated. By rehydrating lyophilized microgels to form MAP scaffolds, we demonstrate that particle fraction controls the bulk scaffold stiffness, but not local microgel stiffness. Further, the particle fraction in MAP scaffolds directly affects cell growth and macromolecular diffusion. Using controlled particle fractions in MAP scaffolds, we can now reproducibly assess mechanical properties, diffusion of macromolecules, and cell responses within user-defined microarchitectures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The porosity of biomaterials is one key characteristic that influences cell infiltration and growth. Granular hydrogels are a class of biomaterials that are comprised of small, building block components that boast a porous architecture in the void space between the particles. Controlling the composition of these granular materials is key to guiding cell responses. In this work, we demonstrate methods for controlling the fraction of the material containing hydrogel versus void space. As a result, we can now reproducibly study the effect of particle fraction on cell responses, mechanical properties, and mass transport in granular hydrogels., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest ARA and TS have filed a provisional patent on this technology. TS is a founding member and equity owner of Tempo Therapeutics that aims to commercialize MAP technology., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The conservative management of cervical radiculopathy is supported by moderate evidence to include interventions such as manual therapy, traction, and therapeutic exercise. There is sparse evidence, however, to support specific manual therapy techniques, particularly thrust manipulation., Case Description: A 35-year-old male presented to physical therapy with a clinical diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. He complained of neck and upper arm pain with 1st and 2nd digit paresthesias. He was initially managed with repeated movements that restored the cervical range of motion and centralized neck and upper arm pain. Non-thrust upslope joint mobilizations resulted in improved sensation detection in the hand, but the paresthesias did not completely resolve. Immediately following cervical spine upslope thrust manipulation, symptoms fully resolved. Outcomes : The patient fully returned to prior level of function. His DASH score reduced from 40/100 to 2/100, PSFS improved from 1.66/10 to 9.66/10, and he reported to be 'a great deal better' on the GROC., Discussion: This case demonstrates the safe and effective utilization of cervical spine thrust manipulation and non-thrust mobilization in the management of a patient with cervical radiculopathy with lingering paresthesias in the distal upper extremity.

Recruitment and retention of participants for pain-related neuroimaging research is challenging and becomes increasingly so when research participants have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This article shares the authors' recommendations from several years of successful recruitment and completion of pain-related neuroimaging studies of people living with ADRD and includes supportive literature. While not an exhaustive list, this review covers several topics related to recruitment and retention of participants living with ADRD, including community engagement, capacity to consent, dementia diagnostic criteria, pain medication and other study exclusion criteria, participant and caregiver burden, communication concerns, and relationships with neuroimaging facilities. Threaded throughout the paper are important cultural considerations. Additionally, we discuss implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic for recruitment. Once tailored to specific research study protocols, these proven strategies may assist researchers with successfully recruiting and retaining participants living with ADRD for pain-related neuroimaging research studies toward improving overall health outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Iversen, Monroe, Atalla, Anderson, Cowan, Wright, Failla and Moss.)

Objectives: The aim of this single-center chart review was to quantify the hematologic response and validated reported outcomes with voxelotor treatment., Methods: Real-world data were collected retrospectively in patients with sickle cell disease (12-70 years old) who were treated with standard-of-care procedures. Data were collected before and during voxelotor treatment., Results: A total of 77 patients with a mean age of 30.4 years were included in the analysis; 30% of patients were children <21 years old. Most patients were female (62%), had a homozygous hemoglobin S (HbSS) genotype (86%), and were treated with concomitant hydroxyurea (HU; 82%). The mean baseline Hb level was 8.3 g/dl, reticulocyte percentage was 11.5%, and total bilirubin was 3.5 mg/dl. The mean duration of voxelotor treatment was 9.7 months (range: 1.9-17 months). Favorable responses to voxelotor treatment and signs of hematologic response after voxelotor treatment included increased Hb levels, decreased reticulocyte percentage, and decreased total bilirubin. In patients treated with concomitant HU, a more robust improvement was noted versus voxelotor alone, suggesting a complementary effect. Recorded adverse events were rare, mild, and self-limited and resolved with dose modification., Conclusions: Hematologic improvements were observed after voxelotor treatment, with a potential additive benefit with concomitant HU treatment., (© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Haematology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Despite repeated associations between T cell infiltration and outcome, human ovarian cancer remains poorly responsive to immunotherapy. We report that the hallmarks of tumor recognition in ovarian cancer-infiltrating T cells are primarily restricted to tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells. Single-cell RNA/TCR/ATAC sequencing of 83,454 CD3 + CD8 + CD103 + CD69 + TRM cells and immunohistochemistry of 122 high-grade serous ovarian cancers shows that only progenitor (TCF1 low ) tissue-resident T cells (TRM stem cells), but not recirculating TCF1 + T cells, predict ovarian cancer outcome. TRM stem cells arise from transitional recirculating T cells, which depends on antigen affinity/persistence, resulting in oligoclonal, trogocytic, effector lymphocytes that eventually become exhausted. Therefore, ovarian cancer is indeed an immunogenic disease, but that depends on ∼13% of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating T cells (∼3% of CD8 + clonotypes), which are primed against high-affinity antigens and maintain waves of effector TRM-like cells. Our results define the signature of relevant tumor-reactive T cells in human ovarian cancer, which could be applicable to other tumors with unideal mutational burden., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.R.C.-G. has stock options with Compass Therapeutics, Anixa Biosciences, and Alloy Therapeutics; receives honorarium from Anixa Biosciences, Alloy Therapeutics, and Leidos; and has sponsored research with Anixa Biosciences (all outside the submitted work). B.A.P. has served on the Advisory Board of AstraZeneca and has research support from BMS. J.R.C.-G. is currently an employee of STEMCELL Technologies (all work outside the submitted work). R.M.W. reports grants and personal fees from Merck, personal fees from Tesaro/GSK, personal fees from Genentech, personal fees from Legend Biotech, personal fees from AbbVie, personal fees from Astrazeneca, grants and stock from Ovation Diagnostics, personal fees from Clovis Oncology, and personal fees from Regeneron (all outside the submitted work)., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Recent studies suggest that B cells could play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of humoral responses in endometrial cancer remains insufficiently investigated. Using a cohort of 107 patients with different histological subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, we evaluated the role of coordinated humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in endometrial cancer. Concomitant accumulation of T, B, and plasma cells at tumor beds predicted better survival. However, only B-cell markers corresponded with prolonged survival specifically in high-grade endometrioid type and serous tumors. Immune protection was associated with class-switched IgA and, to a lesser extent, IgG. Expressions of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) by tumor cells and its occupancy by IgA were superior predictors of outcome and correlated with defects in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. Mechanistically, pIgR-dependent, antigen-independent IgA occupancy drove activation of inflammatory pathways associated with IFN and TNF signaling in tumor cells, along with apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, while thwarting DNA repair mechanisms. Together, these findings suggest that coordinated humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by IgA:pIgR interactions in tumor cells, determine the progression of human endometrial cancer as well as the potential for effective immunotherapies., Significance: This study provides new insights into the crucial role of humoral immunity in human endometrial cancer, providing a rationale for designing novel immunotherapies against this prevalent malignancy. See related commentary by Osorio and Zamarin, p. 766., (©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.)

This study investigated the pathways linking daily nature enjoyment to affect by testing whether the associations would be fully explained by exercise and social interaction. Participants ( N  = 782; 55.6% female; age 25-74, M age  = 47.9) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) refresher study completed surveys across 8 days. Multilevel models indicated that enjoying nature with others tended to predict affect at the within-person level, while enjoying nature alone did not. However, enjoying nature alone did predict affect at the between-person level. Lastly, many of these associations remained, even while controlling for exercise and social interaction.

Introduction: The wrist is a common site for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among physical therapists (PTs), often due to manual therapy. There are limited data on management of wrist injury in PTs. The purpose of this case is to describe the management of a PT with wrist pain. Case Description: The patient was a 28-year-old female with a 6-month history of right ulnar-sided wrist pain, aggravated by performing thoracic/lumbar posterior to anterior (PA) glides. The patient reported 7/10 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and 6.5/10 on the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS). Symptoms were reproduced at the lunotriquetral joint. Outcomes: The patient was seen for two visits. Following anterior to posterior non-thrust mobilization at the triquetrum on lunate, the patient improved inability to perform thoracic/lumbar PA glides. The patient was educated on manual therapy modifications, isometrics, and self-mobilization. At 2-month follow-up, the patient reported 0/10 pain, scored 10/10 on the PSFS, and +7 on the Global Rating of Change. Discussion: This case demonstrates the successful use of education, manual therapy, and exercise in the management of a PT with a wrist-related WMSD. Future research should focus on the prevention/treatment of wrist-related WMSDs in PTs who perform manual therapy.

Objectives: Detection of antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens in a single assay could increase diagnostic accuracy, differentiate vaccination from natural disease, and aid in retrospective exposure determination. Correlation of binding antibody assessment in clinical assays with neutralizing antibodies is needed to better understand the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish of correlates of protection., Methods: A cohort of 752 samples was used to assess specificity, sensitivity, and comparison to 6 other Conformitè Europëenne serologic assays for the BioRad SARS-CoV-2 IgG multiplex assay which measures receptor binding domain IgG (RBD), spike-S1 IgG (S1), spike-S2 IgG (S2), and nucleocapsid IgG (N). A subset of serial specimens from 14 patients was also tested for neutralizing antibodies (n = 61)., Results: Specificity for RBD and S1 IgG was 99.4% (n = 170) and 100% for S2 and N IgG (n = 170) in a cohort selected for probable interference. Overall assay concordance with other assays was >93% for IgG and total antibody assays and reached 100% sensitivity for clinical concordance at >14 days as a multiplex assay. RBD and S1 binding antibody positivity demonstrated 79-95% agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies., Conclusions: The BioRad SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay is comparable to existing assays, and achieved 100% sensitivity when all markers were included. The ability to measure antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins simultaneously may be advantageous for complex clinical presentations, epidemiologic research, and in decisions regarding infection prevention strategies. Additional independent validations are needed to further determine binding antibody and neutralizing antibody correlations., (Copyright © 2021 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to significant stressors and shifts in social life, yet social interactions experienced by people with trauma exposure during the COVID pandemic is largely unknown. This study assessed frequency of interactions, social support given and received, and prosocial behavior using online survey methods ( N =1049). We examined differences in experiences across three groups: no trauma exposure, trauma-exposed with low PTSD symptoms, and trauma-exposed with high PTSD symptoms. We also explored correlations between social interactions and PTSD symptom clusters. Results indicated significant differences across groups and the high PTSD group reported stronger associations between social interaction variables and symptom clusters, on average.

Objective: Previous research has shown that intentions, implementation intentions, active planning and coping planning predict engagement in important health behaviours. This study investigated the role of general daily planning as opposed to specific behaviour planning as a predictor of engagement in lifestyle behaviours. The study also examined conscientiousness and mean levels of planning as moderators of that relationship., Design: This study utilised a daily diary approach wherein 76 adults were recruited to complete daily diary surveys for 14 days. Multilevel models assessed the within- and between-person relationships between planning and five lifestyle behaviours., Main Outcome Measures: Physical exercise, fruit and vegetable intake, time spent in social interaction, time spent in nature and heavy alcohol intake., Results: Within-person general daily planning predicted engagement in exercise. Interactions were found between within-person general daily planning and between-person general daily planning as predictors of exercise, social interaction and time spent in nature., Conclusion: These findings introduce general daily planning as a potentially influential variable for explaining engagement in some lifestyle behaviours. Further, the interactions shed further light on when planning may be more and less helpful depending on individual differences.