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874 results on '"Andersen, Susan L."'

20. Annual Research Review: New Frontiers in Developmental Neuropharmacology--Can Long-Term Therapeutic Effects of Drugs Be Optimized through Carefully Timed Early Intervention?

Author

Andersen, Susan L. and Navalta, Carryl P.

Abstract

Our aim is to present a working model that may serve as a valuable heuristic to predict enduring effects of drugs when administered during development. Our primary tenet is that a greater understanding of neurodevelopment can lead to improved treatment that intervenes early in the progression of a given disorder and prevents symptoms from manifesting. The immature brain undergoes significant changes during the transitions between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Such changes in innervation, neurotransmitter levels, and their respective signaling mechanisms have profound and observable changes on typical behavior, but also increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders when the maturational process goes awry. Given the remarkable plasticity of the immature brain to adapt to its external milieu, preventive interventions may be possible. We intend for this review to initiate a discussion of how currently used psychotropic agents can influence brain development. Drug exposure during sensitive periods may have beneficial long-term effects, but harmful delayed consequences may be possible as well. Regardless of the outcome, this information needs to be used to improve or develop alternative approaches for the treatment of childhood disorders. With this framework in mind, we present what is known about the effects of stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics on brain maturation (including animal studies that use more clinically-relevant dosing paradigms or relevant animal models). We endeavor to provocatively set the stage for altering treatment approaches for improving mental health in non-adult populations.

Published
2011
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33. Stimulants and the developing brain

Author

Andersen, Susan L.

Subjects
Cardiac glycosides, Cardiotonic agents, Brain research, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Biological sciences, Chemistry, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries
Abstract

For almost 70 years, children have received stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD (initially called hyperkinetic syndrome)], with little understanding of the long-term effects of these drugs on brain development. The maturation and refinement of the brain during childhood and adolescence, including the overproduction and selective elimination of synapses, is based on genetic programming and experience. The effects of stimulant drugs during different stages of this process have unique short-term, acute effects that also influence their long-term effects. Chronic, pre-pubertal exposure alters the expected developmental trajectory of brain structure and function and results in a different topography in adulthood. The timing of exposure (childhood versus adolescence), the age of examination after drug exposure (immediately or delayed into adulthood) and sex influence the observable effects. Preclinical studies of the effects of stimulant exposure provide increased understanding about the impact of stimulant drugs on brain development and provide insight into new treatment options for ADHD and other disorders of childhood.

Published
2005

34. Neurobiology of childhood trauma and adversity

Author

Teicher, Martin H., primary, Keren, Rabi, additional, Yi-Shin, Sheu, additional, Seraphin, Sally B., additional, Andersen, Susan L., additional, Anderson, Carl M., additional, Choi, Jeewook, additional, and Tomoda, Akemi, additional

Published
2010
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