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The linkage between growth rate and feeding success has been shown to strengthen the effects of early growth rate on later growth rate in the early life history of fish. However, the growth–feeding linkage largely remains to be tested at the individual level within the same populations/cohorts. We examined the growth–feeding linkage for multiple populations/cohorts in Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus larvae and Pacific round herring Etrumeus micropus larvae, through otolith microstructure analysis, based on samples collected from the commercial fishery for larval fish in the Kii Channel, Japan. The three growth–feeding mechanisms, which are based on the respective potential advantages of larger somatic size, higher growth rate, and earlier morphological development for achieving feeding success, were tested to understand how growth rate relates to feeding success. The "somatic size" mechanism was supported for all of six samples for anchovy larvae and three of four samples for round herring larvae. The "growth rate" mechanism was supported for two of six samples for anchovy larvae and three of four samples for round herring larvae. The "morphological development" mechanism was supported for three of four samples for anchovy larvae and all of three samples for round herring larvae. Overall, the present analysis supported the growth–feeding linkage but revealed the dynamics of the growth–feeding mechanisms. All the mechanisms were shown to operate at least for certain populations/cohorts, but none of them were universally effective over all populations/cohorts across the two species. Understanding the dynamics of the growth–feeding mechanisms would provide precious hints for considering strategies of predicting recruitment dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-based nutrient inputs to the ocean have been linked to increased coastal productivity, subsurface acidification and O2 loss, even in upwelling systems like the Southern California Bight. However, whether eutrophication alters the [environment's] capacity to support key taxa has yet to be evaluated for this region. Here, we assess the impact of land-based nutrient inputs on the availability of aerobic and calcifying habitat for key pelagic taxa using ocean model simulations. We find that acute, lethal conditions are not commonly induced in epipelagic surface waters, but that sublethal, ecologically relevant changes are pervasive. Land-based nutrient inputs reduce the potential aerobic and calcifier habitat during late summer, when viable habitat is at its seasonal minimum. A region of annually recurring habitat compression is predicted 30 - 90 km from the mainland, southeast of Santa Catalina Island. Here, both aerobic and calcifier habitat is vertically compressed by, on average, 25%, but can be as much as 60%. This effect can be traced to enhanced remineralization of organic matter that originates from the coast. These findings suggest that effects of land-based nutrients are not restricted to chemistry but extend to habitat capacity for multiple taxa of ecological and economic importance. Considerable uncertainty exists, however, in how this habitat compression translates to population-level effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sardines and anchovies are the most important small pelagic species throughout the Mediterranean, caught mainly by purse-seiners. Their rapid bacterial degradation after capture and storage limits their commercial use and shelf life. Gills are the most vulnerable tissue in fish, harboring bacterial communities which have not been previously investigated in these species. This study examined cultivable bacteria from gills of harvested sardines and anchovies, tanks in which they are stored aboard, and fishing nets on four occasions (twice for both warm and cold seasons). A total of 471 bacteria were isolated, belonging to 74 genera and 163 species by MALDI-TOF MS identification. A number of genera and species identified from fish and surfaces occurred only in the warm or cold season, but a fraction occurred in both seasons. Sardine gills harbored most of the isolated bacteria (254), belonging to 53 genera and 111 species, as opposed to anchovy with 120 strains, belonging to 30 genera and 64 species. A diverse cultivable bacterial community consisting of 17 species was isolated exclusively from the polyethylene surfaces of nets and tanks. This finding is significant regarding their potential migrations between planktonic and sessile lifestyles. Possible contamination and cross-contamination are likely to increase with the rise in ambient and seawater temperature during the hauling and sorting of fish in the tanks. The food safety risks stem from pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria on both the fish and the surfaces of fishing nets and storage tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African penguin population has declined precipitously in recent decades, and if current rates of decline persist, this species could become extinct in the wild by 2035. Resource extraction of small pelagic fish prey by the purse-seine fishery around African penguin breeding colonies has been identified as a demographically meaningful threat to African penguins. Consequently, long-term, effective no-take zones around breeding colonies have been endorsed by an expert panel of scientists constituted by the South African government. Here, we consider the six largest South African penguin colonies that currently hold 76% of the global population. We evaluate the adequacy of different no-take zone options using a trade-off mechanism recommended by the expert panel. For all six colonies except Bird Island, Algoa Bay, which is subject to the least fishing pressure, the current no-take zone delineations are assessed as having little benefit to the African penguin and little to no cost to the purse-seine fishery. Four of the six current no-take zones include ≤50% of the African penguins' core foraging areas. Alternative no-take zones that approximate a more balanced trade-off offer more impactful alternatives to the current fisheries restrictions. Given the urgent need to implement evidence-based conservation interventions for the endangered African penguin, we recommend the substitution of the current no-take zones with those proposed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage fish, a crucial source of nutrition in developing countries, are, unfortunately, primarily used for fishmeal and aquafeed production for aquaculture, which mainly serves consumers in developed countries. Industrial fish use leaves a meager portion of the catch available for direct human consumption in these fish-producing countries, leading to inflated fish prices locally. Overfishing forage fish due to the needs of the reduction fishery industry disrupts the ecosystem, diminishes the catch of larger fish, such as mackerel, and marginalizes local artisanal fishermen. This article briefly appraises the financial and nutritional impacts of elevated fish prices on low-income consumers in forage-fish-producing countries, drawing attention to the ethical implications of this situation. By reducing the supply to the industry, a hypothetical 10% boost in the annual supply of fresh forage fish to the current global supply of 5 million Mt (metric tons), markets could save consumers annually hundreds of millions of US dollars globally, tens of millions of US dollars nationally, and several dollars for families while improving the nutrition of families that depend on forage fish. The numbers suggest that even a modest supply shift from industry to the supply of forage fish to fresh fish markets could significantly benefit fish-producing nations and consumers. In some countries, such as South Africa, the orders of magnitude of these sums approach those of the entire value of local fish reduction industries. Increased fish prices could be considered involuntary subsidies by low-income consumers to the aquafeed and aquaculture industries. In summary, the current use of captured forage fish in reduction industries and aquaculture warrants further scrutiny, as it inadvertently burdens disadvantaged societies financially and nutritionally. This article proposes using alternative protein sources and cultivating non-carnivorous fish, among several optional measures, to ensure the equitable distribution of forage fish resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recruitment is a critical process in the dynamics of fish populations since it represents the abundance of new fish that enter a population each year. In Ekman‐type upwelling ecosystems, wind is a critical factor for small pelagic fish recruitment, as it controls food availability and physical constraints such as turbulence and offshore advection. In this study, we evaluate the effect of wind, chlorophyll‐a, and spawning biomass as independent variables on anchovy recruitment. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we tested (i) the significance of each factor, (ii) the shape of the relationship between recruitment and predictors variables, (iii) recruitment regimes in the series, and (iv) whether extended windy events are associated with low recruitment levels potentially related to offshore transport of early life stages. The study period spanned from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the austral spring in south‐central Chile (35–40°S) when both upwelling and anchovy spawning are maximized. GAMs revealed a parabolic relationship between the velocity of upwelling‐favorable winds and anchovy recruitment. Maximized recruitment occurred at wind speeds around 6 m s−1 but decreased with winds above 7 m s−1 and below 5 m s−1, and during periods of extended windy events (i.e., those lasting more than 15 days). Chlorophyll‐a showed no significance on anchovy recruitment, suggesting that phytoplankton were not a limiting factor for anchovy early survival. We also found that anchovy recruitment regimes were associated with specific wind intensities. We discussed the pertinence of incorporating a recruitment index based on wind in the fishery management of the anchovy in south‐central Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events activate long-distance teleconnections through the atmosphere and ocean that can dramatically impact marine ecosystems along the West Coast of NorthAmerica, affecting diverse organisms ranging from plankton to exploitable and protected species. Such ENSO-related changes to marine ecosystems can ultimately affect humans in many ways, including via depressed plankton and fish production, dramatic range shifts formany protected and exploited species, inaccessibility of traditionally fished resources, more prevalent harmful algal blooms, altered oxygen and pH of waters used in mariculture, and proliferation of pathogens. Theprincipal objective of the Forecasting ENSO Impacts on Marine Ecosystems of the US West Coast workshop was to develop a scientific framework for building an ENSO-related forecast system of ecosystem indicators along the West Coast of North America, including major biological and biogeochemical responses. Attendees realized thata quantitative, biologically-focused forecast system is a much more challenging objective than forecasting the physical system alone; it requires an understanding of the ocean-atmospheric physical system and of diverse organism-level, population-level, and geochemicalresponses that, in aggregate, lead to altered ecosystem states.

he continuous and intensive anchovy fishing conducted by lift net fishermen in Sibolga and Tapanuli Tengah without proper management and regulation may lead to unfavorable consequences, particularly for the sustainability of the anchovy fishery resources. One solution to address the issues mentioned above is to implement management practices for anchovy resources, ensuring their sustainability in the future. One widely used method for this purpose is the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). This study aims to evaluate the management status and formulate management action plans for anchovy resources in Sibolga and Tapanuli Tengah. The research was conducted in the Tapanuli Tengah region, focusing on specific locations: Hajoran Village, Muara Nibong Village, Lubuk Tukko Village, and Mela I Village. Data collection was carried out through survey techniques directly in the field, employing accidental sampling and purposive sampling for sample collection. The analysis was performed using the EAFM approach. The management status of anchovy resources based on lift net fishing gear in Sibolga and Tapanuli Tengah falls into the 'good' category, indicating the need for cautious actions in its utilization. Several management actions need improvement based on indicator values, such as the declining trend in Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE). Therefore, it is recommended to control lift net fishing efforts by regulating the number of fishing gears and imposing catch quotas. Considering the proportion of juvenile catches and the occurrence of range collapse, implementing a seasonal open-close system and regulating the placement distance of purse seine gear is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass estimates of fish resources by the daily egg production method (DEPM) are sensitive to the high variability of the daily egg production (P0) and egg mortality (Z) in space. This work presents a Bayesian approach to estimate these parameters. A prior distribution of Z based on literature serves to overcome the biologically implausible Z estimates that can result from frequentist approaches. In addition to the classical estimation of a single P0 over the spawning area, the Bayesian framework allows also the modelling of egg densities in space, by including either spatial random effects, smoothing functions, or kriging like models, providing insights into the spatial variability of P0. The Bayesian approach was applied to the Bay of Biscay anchovy DEPM surveys. Results showed that this Bayesian approximation solved the implausible Z problem resulting in tighter credible intervals of both P0 and Z. Overall, spatial models outperformed the non-spatial model in terms of goodness of fit and resulted in slightly different total production estimates across models for each year, with a moderate decrease on uncertainty estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine fish populations can be affected by various infectious and parasitic diseases. The species investigated during 2021–2023 along the Romanian coast was European anchovy [Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)], a small pelagic fish with both economic and ecological value. Four species of endoparasites (nematodes) were identified, namely: Hysterothylacium sp. Ward & Magath, 1917, Contracaecum sp. Railliet & Henry, 1912, Porrocaecum sp. Railet & Henry, 1912, and Anisakis sp. Dujardin, 1845. Nematode worms were found as larvae and infested the abdominal cavity, both in the free state and enclosed in internal organs. The parameters analyzed included abundance, prevalence, and average intensity. Abundance results indicated 14 parasites/fish in length classes ranging from 11–12 cm. A prevalence of 100% was reported in the anchovy population sampled from several stations. A high level of infestation intensity was recorded in 11 cm long specimens (15 nematode worms/host). In this study, the accumulation of nematode worms was observed in large mature specimens, with a negative impact on the host organism through the presence of internal lesions, slowing of growth rate, appetite reduction, and disturbance of the reproductive process. The potential risks to anchovy stock status, threats to human health, and control measures are also tackled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engraulis ringens (anchovy) is a small pelagic fish of the Family Engraulidae that inhabits the neretic‐coastal zone from northern Peru to south‐central Chile. It is the main resource species of industrial fishing of northern Chile, representing 80% of the annual landings of the purse seine fleet. The history of this fishery (1985–2023) shows a strong decrease in annual industrial landings, especially during extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The greatest decrease in landings in two decades occurred in 2020, coinciding with a cold La Niña event, which had not been observed in previous La Niña events. We evaluated whether the current decrease in annual landings of E. ringens is associated with oceanographic changes in northern Chile during El Niño or La Niña events. We applied a neuronal network model to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of E. ringens using the catch probability of each boat of the industrial purse seine fleet. The selected oceanographic variables (sea surface temperature, salinity, depth of the mixed layer, sea height and currents) for the 2003–2020 period were obtained from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS program) and used as predictor variables of the monthly landings of E. ringens. The neural network model explained 97% of the monthly variability of catch probability of E. ringens by the industrial purse seine fleet. The spatial distribution of catch probability of E. ringens was analyzed independently for El Niño (2015), La Niña (2007, 2013, and 2020), and Neutral (2004) years. We found that catch probability extended further west during La Niña events (except for 2020), occupying a greater area, but were limited to a 10 nautical mile coastal strip during the El Niño event. The spatial distribution of catch probability in the Neutral condition was near the coast, although not as restricted as during the El Niño event. The higher catch probabilities in the La Niña event of 2020 were near the coast, in contrast to the previous La Niña events of 2007 and 2013, due to the restriction of the optimal habitat of E. ringens in response to changes in oceanographic conditions. The application of the results of this study will allow understanding and probably anticipating the consequences that extreme ENSO events could have on the catch probability of the industrial anchovy purse seine fleet in northern Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiamine Deficiency Complex is an emerging health concern for California’s Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Low egg thiamine concentrations contribute to the condition being expressed in newly hatched fry leading to increased rates of early mortality. Increased rates of mortality in early life stages could further jeopardize already depleted populations of Chinook salmon in California’s river systems. In 2020, a study of egg thiamine concentrations at Coleman National Fish Hatchery and Livingston Stone Fish Hatchery revealed nearly 50% of the sampled populations contained egg thiamine concentrations below 5 nmol/g which is the egg thiamine concentration threshold for 95% fry viability. This study assesses egg thiamine concentrations from Chinook salmon sampled in the Klamath River Basin during their 2020 and 2021 annual spawning migrations. The study will also assess relationships between egg thiamine concentration and other variables including water temperature and distance of migration, and it will also evaluate relationships between egg diameter and egg thiamine concentration.See the media created for this project here: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b49ec1acfdc9435dabeeca0c2606eda1

Land-based nutrient inputs to the ocean have been linked to increased coastal productivity, subsurface acidification and O2 loss, even in upwelling systems like the Southern California Bight. However, whether eutrophication alters the [environment’s] capacity to support key taxa has yet to be evaluated for this region. Here, we assess the impact of land-based nutrient inputs on the availability of aerobic and calcifying habitat for key pelagic taxa using ocean model simulations. We find that acute, lethal conditions are not commonly induced in epipelagic surface waters, but that sublethal, ecologically relevant changes are pervasive. Land-based nutrient inputs reduce the potential aerobic and calcifier habitat during late summer, when viable habitat is at its seasonal minimum. A region of annually recurring habitat compression is predicted 30 – 90 km from the mainland, southeast of Santa Catalina Island. Here, both aerobic and calcifier habitat is vertically compressed by, on average, 25%, but can be as much as 60%. This effect can be traced to enhanced remineralization of organic matter that originates from the coast. These findings suggest that effects of land-based nutrients are not restricted to chemistry but extend to habitat capacity for multiple taxa of ecological and economic importance. Considerable uncertainty exists, however, in how this habitat compression translates to population-level effects.

The Adriatic Sea plays a crucial role as both a significant fishing ground and a thriving trading market for small pelagic edible fish. Recognized for their nutritional value, these fish are esteemed for their high protein content and abundance of polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, making them a sought-after and healthful food choice. Nevertheless, pelagic species can also serve as a reservoir for lipophilic organochlorine pollutants, posing potential risks to human health. In this study, we compared traditional classification methods traditional principal component analysis (PCA) and Ward's clustering with an advanced self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm in determining distribution patterns of 24 organochlorines and 19 fatty acids in sardine and anchovy samples taken from the eastern Adriatic. The outcomes reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the three approaches (PCA, Ward's clustering, and SOM). However, it is evident that SOM has proven to be the most effective in offering detailed information and data visualization. Although sardines and anchovies exhibit similar distribution patterns for p,p′-DDE, PCB-28, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-118, and PCB-170, they differ in the concentrations of fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic, myristic, oleic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid. Our findings supply valuable insights for environmental authorities and fish consumers concerning the potential risks associated with organochlorines in these two types of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small pelagic fishes including anchovies in Indonesia are caught by using different types of fishing gears. However, the anchovy purse seine commonly used polyethylene (PE) as material webbing which is less effective in the North Coastal Java Sea. This study aims to describe the design and construction of the anchovy purse seine and the characteristics of this gear construction. The research was carried out in the North Coastal Java Sea of Indonesia between May and June 2021. The main data from the nine anchovy purse seine units were collected using purposive sampling. The sampling method was performed by identifying and measuring the components of the number of anchovy purse seiners. The ratio of the length of the head rope to the length of the ground rope is between 0.926 and 0.991, so the net is not exactly rectangular, but almost trapezium in shape. The anchovy purse seine was constructed using webbing polyamide (PA) with 8 mm–9 mm in mesh size, which is considered a small mesh size. It is assembled with some ropes, floats, and sinkers. The anchovy purse seine is characterized by the dominant buoyancy value, 48 % larger than the sinking force. The sinking speed is 0.15 m/s, and the sinking time is 164 s. The anchovy purse seine's design and construction are suitable for operating in the waters of North Coast of Java.

In the Mediterranean, one of the most prized small pelagic species is the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). This species has long been targeted by fishermen in the southern Alboran Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The objective of this research was to identify any linkages that may exist between environmental changes in the southern Alboran Sea and the reported drop in anchovy landings between 1983 and 2020. The method of forward stepwise regression was used, taking into account environmental indicators, such as sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), surface chlorophyll a (Chl-a), U and V wind components, NAO index, and Atlantic jet velocity. To select the best prediction models, generalized linear models (GLMs) were created and organized based on their corrected akaike information criteria (AICc) values. Trended time data were used to create six top models, which explained 60 to 79% of the variation in anchovy landings. Temperature, salinity, and the U wind component all displayed a negative association with anchovy landings. On the other hand, the Atlantic jets' velocity as they traveled through the Strait of Gibraltar was positively correlated with anchovy landings. When the trend component was taken out; however, none of the environmental variables could explain the variations in anchovy landings. This may imply that while environmental influences have an effect over the long term, they have little effect on the inter-annual time scale. Hence, the decline in landings of this species may be due to factors other than environmental change. Overfishing may have played a substantial role in the long-term decline in landings since this species was the most targeted of the small pelagic species in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchovy（Engraulis japonicus）is an important fishing target in the Yellow Sea, and it is also the main prey for large fishes such as Japanese-Spanish mackerel. Exploring the distribution and early growth characteristics of anchovy is important for understanding of the recruitment mechanism. In this study, based on the survey data of the cross-section in the central Yellow Sea in the summer of 2019, the relationship between the distribution of eggs, larvae and juveniles and environmental factors was investigated using Tweedie GAM model. Furthermore, based on the otolith microstructure analysis, the daily age and body length composition of larvae and juveniles were estimated, and the early growth equation of power function was constructed by extrapolating the hatching date. The results showed that in the summer of 2019, a dense distribution area of anchovy eggs occurred in the line section of 35.5°N in the south of Shandong Peninsula, and the dense distribution area of larvae and juveniles occurred in the area of 35.5°N-36.5°N along 123.5°E longitudinal sections. Salinity has a significant effect on the distribution of anchovy eggs, larvae and juveniles, the optimum salinity range was 30-32, on the other hand, the water temperature only has a significant effect on the distribution of anchovy eggs, and the optimum temperature range was 23-26 ℃.Analysis of daily otolith increment for 211 larvae and juveniles showed that the range of body length was 4-24 mm with the dominant length group of 12-14 mm, the age range was 12-40 days with dominant age group of 18-20 days, and the otolith growth rate ranged from 3.08 μm/d to 5.90 μm/d. The variation pattern in the daily otolith growth rate of larvae and juveniles was different between samples in July and August, which might be related to the difference in the water temperature between different months. This study provides scientific basis for the early growth and recruitment mechanism of anchovy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus is one of the most important commercial species in the Bay of Biscay (ICES Subarea 8), and our analysis focused on the analysis of the temporal mean abundance, prevalence, and intensity of Anisakis spp. larvae species in anchovies from ICES Subarea 8 in the years 2000, 2001, 2014–2016, and 2019–2023. Prevalence in adult individuals of anchovy was only 1% in 2000 but increased to 90% in 2014. Since 2015, the prevalence has decreased, and the number of individuals affected in 2023 accounted for 17.6%. The mean abundance showed a similar trend, with a peak of 3.79 nematodes/anchovy in 2014, falling to 0.21 in 2023. The species A. simplex sensu stricto and A. pegreffii were identified by PCR/SANGER sequencing and PCR/RLFP techniques in 2019 and 2020. Anisakis simplex (s.s.) was the most abundant species and, according to the results returned by these two techniques, it accounted for an average of 62.4% and 52.1% of total nematodes in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The results of studies monitoring infection levels in anchovies showed that the mean abundance and prevalence changed over the course of the study period and that the proportion of different species of Anisakis is also subject to variation from year to year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal regions of India, encompassing the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west within the northern Indian Ocean, host diverse marine ecosystems. This study focuses on fish specimens collected during a survey conducted in Goa, situated along the western coast of India. Morphological examination of the collected samples revealed the presence of two anchovy species, Thrissina gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971 and Stolephorus tamilensis Gangan, Pavan-Kumar, Jahageerdar and Jaiswar, 2020, marking their inaugural documentation on the western coast of India. Distinguishing characteristics such as the termination of the maxilla before the base of the pectoral fin, a body depth comprising 23-28% of the standard length, presence of enlarged teeth in both upper and lower jaws, as well as the counts of gill rakers and anal fin rays, were utilized to differentiate T. gautamiensis from its congeners. Conversely, diagnostic traits including a concave pre-opercular margin, the absence of a pre-dorsal spine and a double-pigmented line posterior to the dorsal fin, as well as the lack of scattered melanophores between the dorsal fin and caudal peduncles, along with gill raker counts, were employed to confirm the identification of S. tamilensis. Comparative analysis of the morphological features of the examined specimens with those of the holotypes of both species further corroborated their taxonomic assignments. This discovery underscores the need for comprehensive investigations into the diversity, distribution, and ecological dynamics of small pelagic species inhabiting Indian waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stomach contents of three commercially important species, anchovy (Engraulis japonica), small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) were analyzed to investigate difference of prey between Spring and Fall. Trawl surveys for target fishes were conducted at 12 stations by the RV Tamgu-8 in the Yellow Sea-Korean side in Spring and Fall 2008 as a part of the United Nations Development Programme/Global Environment Facility (UNDP/GEF), Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) survey. Stomach contents of 50 individuals of each species were analyzed to species level of prey, if the number of specimens was more than 50 for each species. Fullness and digestion condition of stomach contents were determined by five and six levels, respectively. In anchovy stomachs, 23 species in Spring and 15 species in Fall were identified, respectively. Stomach contents were mostly occupied by copepods and euphausiids, mostly Euphausia spp., calyptopis in Spring while by copepods and amphipods in Fall. In small yellow croaker stomachs, 23 species in Spring and 11 species in Fall were identified. Stomach contents were mostly occupied by copepods and euphausiids in Spring, but by only euphausiids in Fall. Total 368 yellow goosefish (151 in Spring and 217 in Fall) were captured, but stomach contents only in Fall were analyzed. Most of stomach contents were anchovy with small proportion of Hakodate sand shrimp, Tanaka’s snailfish, Pacific cod, and miscellaneous things. The present research unveiled that main food items of plankton feeder were distinctly different by species and seasons in the Yellow Sea-Korean side, as coincided with previous reports.

To investigate the effect of cyclic boiling of the brine pack on the flavor of brine fried anchovy, the electronic tongue was used to investigate the difference in taste between the sample A (fried anchovy brined in the first-use brine) and sample B (fried anchovy brined in brine after recycling for 5 times). The volatile compounds in samples A and B were analyzed by electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that, in the E-tongue, the taste of sample B was stronger in umami, bitterness and saltiness than sample A. For the E-nose, the differences between samples A and B were mainly in the W2W (organic sulfurs), W1S (methane short chain alkane gas) and W1W (sulfide) sensors, with the first two decreasing but W1W (sulfide) increasing in sample B. A total of 62 volatile substances were detected by GC-MS: 45 substances were detected in sample A and 54 substances were detected in sample B. Thirty-six substances were detected in both samples, among which the relatively high content of main flavor substances including linalool, trans-anethole, linalool acetate and 4-allyl anisole were higher content in fried anchovy B. In summary, the cyclic boiling of brine was beneficial in promoting the production of beneficial volatile flavors in fried anchovy and the expression of volatile flavor components of the spices. This would provide the theoretical support for technical optimization of brine fried anchovy.

In late 2020, models predicted that a strong La Niña would take place for the first time since 2013, and we assessed whether physical and biological indicators in 2021 were similar to past La Niñas in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Oceanic Niño Index indeed remained negative throughout 2021; the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Index, however, remained strongly negative. The seventh largest marine heatwave on record was unexpectedly present from April to the end of 2021; however, similar to past La Niñas, this mass of warm water mostly remained seaward of the continental shelf. As expected from past La Niñas, upwelling and chlorophyll were mostly high and sea surface temperature was low throughout the CCE; however, values were close to average south of Point Conception. Similar to past La Niñas, abundances of lipid-rich, northern copepods off Oregon increased. In northern California, unlike past La Niñas, the body size of North Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) was close to average. Predictably, overall krill abundance was above average in far northern California but, unexpectedly, below average south of Cape Mendocino. Off Oregon, similar to past La Niñas, larval abundances of three of six coastal species rose, while five of six southern/offshore taxa decreased in 2021. Off California, as expected based on 2020, Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) were very abundant, while Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) were low. Similar to past La Niñas, market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) and young of the year (YOY) Pacific Hake (Merluccius pacificus), YOY sanddabs (Citharichthys spp.), and YOY rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) increased. Southern mesopelagic (e.g., Panama lightfish Vinciguerria lucetia, Mexican lampfish Triphoturus mexicanus) larvae decreased as expected but were still well above average, while northern mesopelagic (e.g., northern lampfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus) larvae increased but were still below average. In line with predictions, most monitored bird species had above-average reproduction in Oregon and California. California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pup count, growth, and weight were high given the abundant Anchovy forage. The CCE entered an enduring La Niña in 2021, and assessing the responses of various ecosystem components helped articulate aspects of the system that are well understood and those that need further study.

Marine fish populations can be affected by various infectious and parasitic diseases. The species investigated during 2021–2023 along the Romanian coast was European anchovy [Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)], a small pelagic fish with both economic and ecological value. Four species of endoparasites (nematodes) were identified, namely: Hysterothylacium sp. Ward & Magath, 1917, Contracaecum sp. Railliet & Henry, 1912, Porrocaecum sp. Railet & Henry, 1912, and Anisakis sp. Dujardin, 1845. Nematode worms were found as larvae and infested the abdominal cavity, both in the free state and enclosed in internal organs. The parameters analyzed included abundance, prevalence, and average intensity. Abundance results indicated 14 parasites/fish in length classes ranging from 11–12 cm. A prevalence of 100% was reported in the anchovy population sampled from several stations. A high level of infestation intensity was recorded in 11 cm long specimens (15 nematode worms/host). In this study, the accumulation of nematode worms was observed in large mature specimens, with a negative impact on the host organism through the presence of internal lesions, slowing of growth rate, appetite reduction, and disturbance of the reproductive process. The potential risks to anchovy stock status, threats to human health, and control measures are also tackled.

Anchovy is one of the economically important fish in the western part of the northern coast of Central Java. The production of anchovies extends along the coast from Brebes Regency to Batang Regency. Therefore, this study aims to determine the diversity of anchovies on the northern coast of Central Java (Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang, Batang, and Kendal), using a molecular approach. This study was conducted from April to September 2019 in the Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. The descriptive exploratory method was applied in this study with a random sampling technique, while the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was used for molecular identification. An anchovy sample molecularly identified from each region was found by sampling, including BB 3, PML 2, BTG 1, BTG 2, BTG 4, TGL 2, TGL 4, KDL 1, and KDL 4. The base-pair length of 10 anchovy samples from the COI gene amplification result was 600-700 bp. The sequencing and alignment results of the BLAST analysis showed that the ten anchovy samples were included in the type of Encrasicholina heteroloba, Stolephorus commersoni, Stolephorus waitei and Atherinomorus sp., which ranged from 98 to 99% similarity in location. Therefore, it is concluded that there were at least four different species of anchovy on the northern coast of Java. However, further research is suggested to determine the genetic variation of each species for better fisheries management.

The development of meat analogues focuses on sustainable production and requires attention to their nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory values. Anchovy protein isolate (API) is a novel and potential binding agent in the development of meat analogues. This study aimed to produce API and evaluate the physical, proximate, and sensory qualities of patty meat analogue (PMA) with the addition of API. The preparation method for API uses pH-shifting. The ratios of API added to the meat analogues were 0 % (F0), 4 % (F1), 8 % (F2), and 12 % (F3) per textured vegetable protein (TVP) weight. Furthermore, PMA was analysed for physical, proximate, and sensory properties. API had 87.23 % dry basis (db) protein content. The amino acid composition of API generally complied with the nutritional requirements of adults and children. The addition of API significantly affected the physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory (taste) qualities of PMA (p

Since 2017, a fishing moratorium has been enforced in Lake Honghu as part of Chang–Jiang's biodiversity conservation strategy. However, given that the lake is a semi-closed aquatic ecosystem and no longer serves as a habitat for certain fishes of the mid–lower Chang–Jiang basin, the efficacy of this moratorium remains uncertain. To address the question from a trophic ecology perspective, a stomach content analysis was performed on captured anchovies of C. brachygnathus, a current predominant species in Lake Honghu, from November 2020 to October 2021. The results showed that copepods, shrimps, and macrophytes were the main components of this anchovy's diet, and there were size-related shifts in diets. The dominance of C. brachygnathus, a pelagic–littoral omnivore in this lake, implies a lacustrine environment shift triggered by continued human disturbances. The utilization of macrophytes as the main food items by large-sized anchovies of Lake Honghu has partially contributed to the rapid degradation of submerged vegetation. This highlights the need to remove large-sized individuals of C. brachygnathus and Carassius auratus, another benthic-omnivorous dominant fish, in order to effectively restore the aquatic vegetation and ecosystem of Lake Honghu. The current implementation of fishing moratoriums in subtropical shallow floodplain lakes such as Lake Honghu should be reviewed critically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we identified the echo signals of anchovies on echograms using the dB-difference method; additionally, the daytime and nighttime distribution characteristics of anchovies were determined. Using the difference in frequency characteristics of 18, 38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz, the dB-difference intervals of −2.1 dB ≤ ΔMVBS18–38 ≤ 4.4 dB, −9.7 dB ≤ ΔMVBS70–38 ≤ 1.3 dB, −10.2 dB ≤ ΔMVBS120–38 ≤ 2.3 dB, and −10.7 dB ≤ ΔMVBS200–38 ≤ 0.3 dB were set to extract the echo signals of anchovies. The results revealed that anchovies showed a relatively higher distribution in the coast than in the open sea. In February, the average density of anchovies was observed to be 3.43 g/m2, whereas in May, it was observed to be 6.02 g/m2. Also, anchovies were found to be mainly distributed at 30-70 m water depths during the day, and at 30–50 m water depths during the night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) oil produced in different factories on the fatty acid composition and quality indicators. The study utilizes anchovy oils obtained from three different factories. Fatty acid analysis was conducted using gas chromatography, and the results were expressed as percentages. Additionally, fatty acid quality indices such as atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), Polyene index (PI), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) were calculated. The findings of the study indicate that different processing technologies may influence the fatty acid composition of anchovy oil. Anchovy oils were observed to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and notably contain omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid). This study provides valuable insights into anchovy oil production and quality, offering an in-depth understanding of sustainable nutrition. In conclusion, this study sheds light on a significant issue in the anchovy oil industry and may guide researchers and industry experts interested in improving the quality of fish oil products and supporting human health with potential opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events activate long-distance teleconnections through the atmosphere and ocean that can dramatically impact marine ecosystems along the West Coast of NorthAmerica, affecting diverse organisms ranging from plankton to exploitable and protected species. Such ENSO-related changes to marine ecosystems can ultimately affect humans in many ways, including via depressed plankton and fish production, dramatic range shifts formany protected and exploited species, inaccessibility of traditionally fished resources, more prevalent harmful algal blooms, altered oxygen and pH of waters used in mariculture, and proliferation of pathogens. Theprincipal objective of the Forecasting ENSO Impacts on Marine Ecosystems of the US West Coast workshop was to develop a scientific framework for building an ENSO-related forecast system of ecosystem indicators along the West Coast of North America, including major biological and biogeochemical responses. Attendees realized thata quantitative, biologically-focused forecast system is a much more challenging objective than forecasting the physical system alone; it requires an understanding of the ocean-atmospheric physical system and of diverse organism-level, population-level, and geochemicalresponses that, in aggregate, lead to altered ecosystem states.

The California Current System (CCS) has experienced large fluctuations in environmental conditions in recent years that have dramatically affected the biological community. Here we synthesize remotely sensed, hydrographic, and biological survey data from throughout the CCS in 2019–2020 to evaluate how recent changes in environmental conditions have affected community dynamics at multiple trophic levels. A marine heatwave formed in the north Pacific in 2019 and reached the second greatest area ever recorded by the end of summer 2020. However, high atmospheric pressure in early 2020 drove relatively strong Ekman-driven coastal upwelling in the northern portion of the CCS and warm temperature anomalies remained far offshore. Upwelling and cooler temperatures in the northern CCS created relatively productive conditions in which the biomass of lipid-rich copepod species increased, adult krill size increased, and several seabird species experienced positive reproductive success. Despite these conditions, the composition of the fish community in the northern CCS remained a mixture of both warm- and cool-water-associated species. In the southern CCS, ocean temperatures remained above average for the seventh consecutive year. Abundances of juvenile fish species associated with productive conditions were relatively low, and the ichthyoplankton community was dominated by a mixture of oceanic warm-water and cosmopolitan species. Seabird species associated with warm water also occurred at greater densities than cool-water species in the southern CCS. The population of northern anchovy, which has been resurgent since 2017, continued to provide an important forage base for piscivorous fishes, offshore colonies of seabirds, and marine mammals throughout the CCS. Coastal upwelling in the north, and a longer-term trend in warming in the south, appeared to be controlling the community to a much greater extent than the marine heatwave itself.

The main indicators of infection of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) with larvae of the nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rud, 1802) in winter have been studied in two areas of the Black Sea: off the coast of Crimea and the Caucasus. Regional differences in the indicators of infection intensity and abundance index in second-year and third-year fish are revealed. When analyzing the values of the extensiveness of infection, no significant differences are found. Three main factors that determine regional differences in anchovy infection in the studied areas are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Temperate fisheries grounds are exposed to compound effects of jellyfish proliferations and fishing pressure, which affect local fisheries, cause economic losses, and threaten seafood supply. Here, we quantify the interlink between climate variability and jellyfish blooms and their impact on the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), in the Korean coastal waters. We used a bioclimate dataset (2010–2019) that includes quantitative information of two major bloom-former species, Aurelia coerulea and Nemopilema nomurai, in the Korean Peninsula. We show that climate phenomena governing East Asia regions explain circa half of jellyfish variability. In turn, jellyfish blooms have a significant negative effect on anchovy interannual changes (r = -0.47, P < 0.01), which varies along with the bloom magnitude. Our results indicate that the intensity of jellyfish blooms, more than their duration, has a predominant effect on anchovy and coastal fisheries production. We also suggest the possibility of using climate signals for assessing and eventually predicting, interannual abundance changes of jellyfish in the Korean Peninsula. These results stress the challenge posed by jellyfish blooms to the provisioning of ecosystem services via their influence on marine harvested fish and further highlight the need for their integration into ecosystem-based management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to estimate applied doses of irradiated anchovy (1.83−4.22 kGy) and bluefish (1.98−5.40 kGy) for shelf-life extension by using image analysis in combination with comet assay for trading irradiated fish, especially for public health concerns. Comet assay was carried out considering the EN 13784 protocol. Observed comets were evaluated and recorded by the use of image analysis software (BS 200 ProP). Comets with long tails were observed in the irradiated anchovy and bluefish tissues. However, limited numbers of comets in intact cells were determined in the unirradiated samples. The obtained results clearly indicated that head diameter, head DNA, tail DNA, tail length, and tail moment parameters showed very good correlation (R2 = 0.82 and 0.77 for anchovy and bluefish respectively) with the applied doses of irradiation. Using image analysis in combination with comet assay may be a very useful tool for quantification of absorbed doses for local market checks and also in imported irradiated fish for official control at customs.

This study aims to investigate the effect of cold (5 ± 2 °C) and ambient (33 ± 2 °C) storage conditions on the storage quality of anchovy fish (Engraulis encrasicolus) sauce. Fish samples were obtained from Qarun Lake, Egypt, during the summer of 2019. They were dry-salted with a salt content of 20% (w/w) and stored at a range of 28–32 °C for 60 days. Plain sauce was treated with 0.1% of garlic (Allium sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) extracts, and stored at different conditions. The results showed that the plain sauce had a pH of 6.17, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) of 72.23 mg/100 ml, free amino nitrogen (FAN) of 12.86 mg/100 ml, acid value (AV) of 0.63 mg KOH/ml oil, and free fatty acids (FFAs) of 0.66 mg/100 ml. Fish sauce with garlic was the best compared to others based on sensory evaluation. With regard to the effect of storage conditions on the efficacy of plant extracts, it was found that at 33 ± 2 °C jojoba, black seed and rosemary extracts controlled most quality indices, whereas at 5 ± 2 °C all extracts were more effective in controlling the quality indices of the anchovy sauce. In conclusion, this study suggests that plant extracts especially under cold storage could improve the storage quality and extended shelf life of anchovy sauce. In general, both storage conditions and periods affected the protein and lipid hydrolysis of the fish sauce samples. Fish sauce is safe for human consumption based on the international permissible values. In addition, the resultant dried cake can be exploited in the field of food industry as a value-added product.

Anchovy, a low-value small marine fish, is mainly processed into fish meal, whose high-value functional components are not fully exploited. In this study, the enzymatically hydrolyzed anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) paste (EHAP) was prepared by hydrolyzing anchovy using Alcalase2.4 L, and the nutrients and antioxidant properties of EHAP were assessed to increase its added value. Protein, total amino acids and oligopeptide of the nutrients in EHAP reached 73.9 ± 0.7%, 56.1 ± 0.8 g/100 g and 50.4 ± 1.6%, respectively. The molecular weight distribution of EHAP displayed a high dipeptides and tripeptides proportion of 60.1 ± 0.4%. Furthermore, EHAP showed the highest antioxidant activities of ferrous ion chelating, lipid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH scavenging activity, reached about 34%, 40% and 49%, respectively. Collectively, the EHAP belonged to a product with strong antioxidant properties, and was rich in nutrients, which could serve as a valuable bioactive marine resource applied in the aquatic feed and functional food industry.

This study demonstrates the effects of the freezing and frozen storage of anchovies prior to brining and dry-salting on quality changes and food safety during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C). Fresh anchovies were divided into two groups, one of which was used as a control representing fresh raw material; the other was the experimental group and consisted of frozen and thawed anchovies stored at −18 °C for a year. Five different salt concentrations were used for brining (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) in addition to the dry-salting method. Microbiological, chemical, physical and sensory analyses were carried out during storage. Salt concentration and salting method had significant effects on the shelf-life of salted anchovy products, with the highest shelf-life corresponding to dry-salted anchovies (p < 0.05). The effect of using frozen and thawed raw materials for salting on the shelf-life depended on the processing method since the experimental dry-salted group had a shelf-life one month longer than that of the control group, while the opposite situation occurred for the brined samples, with one exception. Strong correlations were usually found between sensory values and chemical quality parameters (R2: 0.83–0.99 for the control group and 0.63–0.99 for the experimental group). The results demonstrated that the experimental group, with some exceptions, had better values for most quality and food safety parameters in comparison to the control group, indicating the advantage of using frozen and thawed raw materials before salting to prevent spoilage and enhance food safety. Considering that the experimental group was produced from one-year-stored raw material compared to the control group, the advantage of the freezing and frozen storage of anchovies can be accepted as much higher versus when freezing is not implemented. The positive effect is due to the fact that frozen anchovies absorb salt faster after thawing, especially in groups with high salt concentrations. Therefore, it can be concluded that frozen salted anchovies can be utilized for longer as they have a longer shelf-life, particularly when using either the 30% brining or dry-salting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johan Hjort's "critical period" hypothesis, which postulates that year‐class strength is determined in the short period following the onset of exogenous feeding, has rarely been supported by empirical data. Instead, the current understanding is that recruitment is determined by cumulative mortality throughout early life. Recent studies relied on the measure of growth autocorrelation derived from otolith daily increment widths to test the link between growth rate achieved during the post‐hatch period and during subsequent phases of the larval stage. Based on this approach, we revisit the role of larval growth in driving survival potential in three clupeoid species: Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, and Pacific round herring Etrumeus micropus throughout the larval stage, using a combination of published datasets of otolith increment widths. Strong growth autocorrelation was detected for all three species throughout the larval stage, suggesting that initial growth determines to some extent growth rates achieved later in life. The extent of autocorrelation was reduced in sardine relative to anchovy and round herring at older ages. This interspecific difference could be attributed to differences in sensitivity to variability of environmental factors such as water temperature and food availability. The present findings suggest that the effect of early growth rate persists into later life stages for driving survival potential, which could reconcile the classic concept of "critical period" and the current "growth–survival" paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish plays a key role in a healthy and balanced Italian diet, but it is also subject to the bioaccumulation of different contaminants depending on the geographical or anthropogenic context from which it is derived. In recent years, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been focusing its attention on consumer toxicological risk, considering emerging contaminants such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Regarding fish, anchovies are among the five small pelagic main commercial species in the European Union and the top five fresh species consumed by households in Italy. Considering the lack of data on PFASs and PTEs in this species, our aim was to investigate the mentioned contaminants in salted and canned anchovies collected over 10 months from different fishing areas, even those far apart, to verify possible variations in bioaccumulation and to consider the risk for the consumer. According to our results, the assessed risk was very reassuring also for large consumers. The only concern, related to Ni acute toxicity, also dependent on the different consumers' sensitivity, was related to only one sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) are abundant in both macro and micronutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, fat, and calcium. Their rich nutritive value has led to numerous applications in the food industry, particularly in fortifying food products for vulnerable groups. Proximate analysis is indispensable in the food industry for product development and quality control. The objectives of this study were to assess the proximate composition and functional properties of anchovy powder obtained through oven drying and foam mat drying. The characterization of anchovy powder encompassed functional properties, such as water solubility index, water absorption capacity, and physical parameters like colour and bulk density, as well as proximate chemical parameters. The results demonstrated that the protein content of anchovy powder obtained through oven drying was significantly higher than that from foam mat drying (p

Abstract Background ANCHOVY was a global, multicenter, chart-review study that aimed to describe the natural history of Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) from a broad geographical area and provide further contextualization of results from the FIREFISH (NCT02913482) interventional study of risdiplam treatment in Type 1 SMA. Methods Data were extracted from medical records of patients with first symptoms attributable to Type 1 SMA between 28 days and 3 months of age, genetic confirmation of SMA, and confirmed survival of motor neuron 2 copy number of two or unknown. The study period started on 1 January 2008 for all sites; study end dates were site-specific due to local treatment availabilities. Primary endpoints were time to death and/or permanent ventilation and proportion of patients achieving motor milestones. Secondary endpoints included time to initiation of respiratory and feeding support. Results Data for 60 patients from nine countries across Asia, Europe and North and South America were analyzed. The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) for reaching death or permanent ventilation was ~ 7.3 (5.9–10.5) months. The median age (IQR) at permanent ventilation was ~ 12.7 (6.9–16.4) months and at death was ~ 41.2 (7.3–not applicable) months. No patients were able to sit without support or achieved any level of crawling, standing or walking. Interpretation Findings from ANCHOVY were consistent with published natural history data on Type 1 SMA demonstrating the disease’s devastating course, which markedly differed from risdiplam-treated infants (FIREFISH Part 2). The results provide meaningful additions to the literature, including a broader geographical representation.

In the food industry, oil blending represents a simple method for the generation of products with desired nutritional and technological properties. The objective of this work was to blend anchoveta oil (AO) with virgin olive oil (VOO) to modify the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the product for nutritional purposes and to evaluate its oxidative stability index (OSI) for technological purposes. Four AO/VOO blends were formulated: 50/50, 40/60, 30/70 and 20/80 (w/w), generating a ω-6/ω-3 ratio between 0.610–2.129, nutritionally recommendable. The Rancimat method allowed determining the OSI of the formulations at temperatures of 100, 110 and 120 °C, finding OSI ranges between 0.963–3.410 h, 0.430–1.730 h and 0.183–0.813 h, respectively. The kinetic behavior of the formulations with respect to activation energy (89.622 to 93.414 kJ/mol), entropy (−13.248 to −17.657 kJ/mol), enthalpy (86.455 to 90.248 kJ/mol), Gibbs energy (91.928 to 96.348 kJ/mol) and Q10 (2.090 to 2.153) has been described. The formulations are proposed as an alternative to increase the shelf life of AO and increase the nutritional value of VOO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analysis via GC‐MS of the amino acids present in AnchoisFert, a new organic fertilizer co‐product of fish oil extraction from anchovy fillet leftovers using limonene, unveils the presence of 16 amino acids, essential, quasi‐essential and non‐essential. Leucine, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine are the most abundant AAs. Proline, aspartic acid, arginine, serine, lysine and phenylalanine are also relatively plentiful. Alongside the results of the techno‐economic and life cycle assessment analyses, these outcomes suggest that the "LimoFish" circular economy process is highly effective in recovering valued AAs that otherwise would be lost in the environment. This greatly improves the sustainability of anchovy fishing, processing and consumption, further supporting the scale‐up and industrialization of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of cold (5 ± 2 °C) and ambient (33 ± 2 °C) storage conditions on the storage quality of anchovy fish (Engraulis encrasicolus) sauce. Fish samples were obtained from Qarun Lake, Egypt, during the summer of 2019. They were dry-salted with a salt content of 20% (w/w) and stored at a range of 28–32 °C for 60 days. Plain sauce was treated with 0.1% of garlic (Allium sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) extracts, and stored at different conditions. The results showed that the plain sauce had a pH of 6.17, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) of 72.23 mg/100 ml, free amino nitrogen (FAN) of 12.86 mg/100 ml, acid value (AV) of 0.63 mg KOH/ml oil, and free fatty acids (FFAs) of 0.66 mg/100 ml. Fish sauce with garlic was the best compared to others based on sensory evaluation. With regard to the effect of storage conditions on the efficacy of plant extracts, it was found that at 33 ± 2 °C jojoba, black seed and rosemary extracts controlled most quality indices, whereas at 5 ± 2 °C all extracts were more effective in controlling the quality indices of the anchovy sauce. In conclusion, this study suggests that plant extracts especially under cold storage could improve the storage quality and extended shelf life of anchovy sauce. In general, both storage conditions and periods affected the protein and lipid hydrolysis of the fish sauce samples. Fish sauce is safe for human consumption based on the international permissible values. In addition, the resultant dried cake can be exploited in the field of food industry as a value-added product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of different thawing methods (microwave thawing, ultrasonic-assisted thawing, saline thawing and low temperature thawing) on the freshness and volatile flavor compounds of anchovy, the thawing time, water-holding capacity, total viable counts and volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) of the samples with different thawing methods were analyzed, and electronic nose analysis and detection of volatile flavor compounds was also performed. The results showed that the microwave thawing time was the shortest (22.4 min). Samples thawed in microwave oven maintained the largest water holding capacity, total viable counts and TVB-N value. The ultrasonic-assisted thawing group had the lowest total viable counts and TVB-N value and highest sensory score. The electronic nose could distinguish the odor of anchovy under different thawing methods. The odor of the refrigerator thawing was the biggest difference with the other three groups and the freshness was poor. 36, 41, 45 and 43 volatile compounds were identified in anchovy under four thawing methods, mainly aldehydes and alcohols. Among them, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-penten-3-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, benzene and trimethylamine played an important role in the overall flavor formation of anchovy after thawing. Combined with thawing efficiency, freshness index and volatile flavor compounds, ultrasonic assisted thawing was determined to be a better thawing method for frozen anchovy. This study can provide a theoretical basis for processing, transportation and comprehensive utilization of anchovy.

Cereals and their derived products are important dietary sources for humans but are mostly deficient in protein and several micronutrients. To increase the nutrient content of rice and wheat flour-based recipes, nutrient-dense powders of the small pelagic fish species Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus) were used to enrich the high carbohydrate content mostly found in cereals. Sensory evaluation by 60 panelists showed that the enrichment of recipes with fish powder was acceptable. Recipes with dried anchovy showed higher sensory acceptance than recipes fortified with dried Atlantic bumper. Nutritional analyses showed that several of the tested recipes can be regarded as significant sources of micronutrients (vitamin A, D and B12, iodine and calcium) and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The actual analysed nutrient content of the test diets differed from the estimated nutrient content of the recipes by using values from the West-African food composition table. For vitamin A, analysed values were generally higher than the estimated values, indicating that the values in the food composition table are not sufficient to estimate the nutritional fortification with powdered small fish. In conclusion, the fortified foods prepared according to the tested recipes were accepted by sensory panelists and can be regarded as significant source of several essential nutrients. Food composition tables should be revised to enable a better estimation of the nutritional value of fortified diets for the combat of malnutrition. [Display omitted] • Nutrient-dense powders of small pelagic fish species were added to rice and wheat flour-based recipes. • Sensory evaluation showed that the enrichment of recipes with fish powder was acceptable. • Cereal-based foods enriched with small fish powder are significant sources of several essential vitamins and minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]