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Actualmente la tasa de crecimiento demográfico es de 1.9% lo que se traduce en cifras del sector energético como un aumento esperado del 2.9% en la demanda de energía, esta situación poblacional sumada al crecimiento industrial propone un reto que debe ser analizado aprovechando los recursos energéticos. Por su ubicación geográfica, Colombia goza de un gran potencial en energías renovables que es desaprovechado, pudiendo dar solución a diversos problemas como la continuidad del servicio eléctrico, diversificación de la matriz energética, entre otros; afortunadamente, en 2014 se radica la ley 1715, que con incentivos tributarios promueve la inversión y construcción de fuentes de energía de carácter renovable no convencional. En este proyecto se realizó el diseño básico de ingeniería de una planta solar fotovoltaica de 18 MW conectada a la subestación Riohacha a un nivel de tensión de 110 kV. Se realizó dimensionamiento de paneles e inversores, cableado DC y AC, diseño de la subestación asociada y de la línea de transmisión, cumpliendo con la normativa establecida por NTC 2050, RETIE, CREG 060-2019, IEC 60071-2 , CIGRE 207 y IEC 60433, garantizando el correcto funcionamiento de todos los elementos y límites establecidos. Además, de realizar el cálculo de la factibilidad técnico-económica de la planta de generación solar fotovoltaica. Para el proyecto se recopilaron datos proporcionados por el IDEAM y la NASA para analizar el comportamiento de la irradiación. La realización del diseño se basó en la investigación de los métodos de conexión de todos los elementos del sistema garantizando el cumplimiento de todas las normas establecidas y el correcto funcionamiento de toda la instalación que consta de 48600 paneles de 420 Wp y 6 inversores de 3 MW, con lo cual se consigue una potencia instalada de 18 MW y una capacidad de generar 31369,66 MWh al año. At the present time the population growth rate is 1.9% which means an expected increase of 2.9% in the energy demand sector. This plight added to the industrial growing proposes a challenge that should be solved by using our energetic resources. By its geographic location, Colombia has a large potential in renewables energies that has been wasted, for otherwise many energetic issues like lack of the service continuity or having a brief generation matrix, would be solved; fortunately, in 2014 it is been set the 1715 law, which with tax incentives encourage the investment and construction of this kind of generation. A basic engineering design of an 18 MW PV system nearby Riohacha, La Guajira has been accomplished in this project. Solar cells, power inverters, AC and DC cabling, switchgear and transmission line design have been also included in this research work, all this fulfilling with the standards NTC 2050, RETIE, CREG 060-2019, IEC 60071-2, CIGRE 207 y IEC 60433. Beside this, an economic analysis is included due bearing out the feasibility of the project. IDEAM and NASA data was employed in order to study the irradiation behavior at the zone. The design is based on the compilation of connection methods in order to assure the best operability of the system in the area. Finally, a total of 48600 420 Wp cells and 6 3MW power inverters were determined to achieve the capacity of 18 MW, being able to generate up to 31369,66 MWh per year.

In October 2005, an intensive three-year Laser Triggered Gas Switch (LTGS) development program was initiated to investigate and solve observed performance and reliability issues with the LTGS for ZR. The approach taken has been one of mission-focused research: to revisit and reassess the design, to establish a fundamental understanding of LTGS operation and failure modes, and to test evolving operational hypotheses. This effort is aimed toward deploying an initial switch for ZR in 2007, on supporting rolling upgrades to ZR as the technology can be developed, and to prepare with scientific understanding for the even higher voltage switches anticipated needed for future high-yield accelerators. The ZR LTGS was identified as a potential area of concern quite early, but since initial assessments performed on a simplified Switch Test Bed (STB) at 5 MV showed 300-shot lifetimes on multiple switch builds, this component was judged acceptable. When the Z{sub 20} engineering module was brought online in October 2003 frequent flashovers of the plastic switch envelope were observed at the increased stresses required to compensate for the programmatically increased ZR load inductance. As of October 2006, there have been 1423 Z{sub 20} shots assessing a variety of LTGS designs. Numerous incremental and fundamentalmore » switch design modifications have been investigated. As we continue to investigate the LTGS, the basic science of plastic surface tracking, laser triggering, cascade breakdown, and optics degradation remain high-priority mission-focused research topics. Significant progress has been made and, while the switch does not yet achieve design requirements, we are on the path to develop successively better switches for rolling upgrade improvements to ZR. This report summarizes the work performed in FY 2006 by the large team. A high-level summary is followed by detailed individual topical reports.« less