Search

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En la enseñanza universitaria del dibujo de figura humana actual se utilizan metodologías de aprendizaje y trabajos de estudios heredados de la formación clásica. Sin embargo, éstas no siempre conectan con el estudiantado actual, que está sujeto a una realidad compleja fruto de la sobreestimulación producida por las redes sociales, que, a su vez, afecta a sus capacidades de concentración, gestión de la frustración y continuidad en el aprendizaje. Ante ello, el estudiantado puede encontrar dicha frustración a través de la repetición de ejercicios sin conocer los objetivos específicos de cada uno de ellos. Dada esta realidad, creemos que es necesario replantear el modelo docente en la enseñanza del dibujo de la figura humana. Por ello, vamos a plantear un modelo docente organizando la aproximación al dibujo de la figura humana consistente en tres fases: profundización en los fundamentos del dibujo de figura humana, estudio de la anatomía humana, y dibujo de la figura humana desde la memoria. Para ello utilizaremos ejemplos reales obtenidos en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).

Objectives: To establish the anatomical location and characteristics of the mental foramen and the presence of accessory foramina through the evaluation of cone beam computed tomography in an Ecuadorian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 203 tomographies scans of adult patients (90% dentate and 10% edentulous) of both sexes (100 men and 103 women) aged between 20 and 65 years were analyzed. The scans were collected as a convenience sample from the UDICIS Professional Development Center, the Clinic of the University of the Hemisferios, and the private clinic Buccal Dental Studio in Quito, Ecuador. The variables studied in the transaxial plane were analyzed through 1 mm slices and 0.5 mm intervals. Results: The location of the mental foramen was predominantly found along the longitudinal axis of the second premolars on both the right and left sides, according to the classification by Al Jasser & Nwoku, in position IV (45.81%, 46 men and 47 women), followed by positions III, V, II, and VI. Regarding the size of the mental foramen, the size of 2 mm to 2.99 mm predominated in both sexes (n=85: 41.87%). The prevalence of accessory foramina was 39%. Conclusions: The mental foramen was located on average 13.65 mm above the mandibular base and 15.1 mm from the foramen to the alveolar ridge. Its most frequent location was below the axis of the second lower premolar (position IV). The oval shape predominated, with a size ranging from 2.0 mm to 2.99 mm. Accessory foramina were found in 39% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The lower second molar mostly has a C configuration and it is important to know the internal anatomy and classification to have a better clinical approach, so the objective was to evaluate the prevalence and types of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 150 CTHC images of mandibular second molars were used. The following was recorded: sex, presence of Cshaped canal, location, morphology and type of C configuration according to Fan's classification, which is divided into C1, C2, C3 (c and d), C4 and C5. The chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups (p=0.05, considered a statistically significant difference). Results: Of the 300 teeth evaluated, 12.6% had C-shaped canals. There were no statistically significant differences between C-shaped canals and sex. This configuration tends to appear bilaterally, however, when it appears unilaterally, we find it mostly on the right. At the level of the pulp chamber floor and middle third, C1 was the most frequent and at the apical level it was C4 for both parts (37 and 47). Conclusions: The prevalence of Cshaped canals is not high. Bilateral appearance is more common than unilateral. Fan's classification is a complement to Melton's, since it will help us understand in more detail the morphological changes of this configuration along the root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

De humani corporis fabrica libri septem is a book written by the Flemish Renaissance physician and anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), who was a professor of anatomy at the University of Padua and physician to the court of Emperor Charles V. It is in this book that for the very first time in detail, a learned academic lesson on the anatomy of the human body can be observed, in a compendium of seven books, based on direct dissections of the corpse, created and documented by a young professor (Vesalius at the age of 28) for his Medicine students. This work was printed in ciceronian latin and published in Basel in 1543 in the workshop of the humanist, linguist, and printer Johannes Oporinus (1507-1568), and illustrated by artists from the Titian workshop such as Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499-1546). Nowadays considered a literary, scientific and artistic jewel, Vesalius'fabrica of 1543 was a milestone in the history of medicine and is considered the foundation work of modern anatomy atlases, and basis for the teaching method of the discipline in medical careers worldwide. This original Mexican volume, is now considered part of UNESCO World Heritage and is the first book of its kind in America since the 16th century. It is part of the old and rare book collection of the Palafoxiana Library in the city of Puebla in Mexico. In this article, its characteristics are described and for the first time, documented in detail from its original source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a basic subject, the study of human anatomy challenges the development of generic skills in students. Such is the case of collaborative work which is transcendental in the areas of healthcare work. Consequently, an inverted classroom is developed wherein teamwork activities are developed. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the flipped classroom on collaborative work in teaching anatomy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study that involved the implementation of a flipped classroom in an Occupational Therapy course in 2023 was applied. From 5 planned sessions, work was developed in 6 groups; they included content synthesis and clinical cases. At the end of the semester, a grade average (GA) was determined, along with a self-assessment (SA) and co-assessment (CA) measuring collaborative work through 3 sub competences (SC1-SC3) (scale 1.0 to 7.0). Statistical tests were applied to determine differences between SC1-SC3 according to SA and CA, by groups and if there is a relationship with GA. The Mann Whitney U test did not show differences between SA and CA. The Friedman test did not show differences between SC1-SC3. The Kruskal-Wallis H test found differences in sub competences according to groups; SC1 could influence GA, SC2 records differences in group G1 and G5, and "conflict management" (SC3) does not differ significantly between the groups. The Spearman correlation presented a weak positive association between the sub competences and GA, although the p-value was not significant. It is extremely necessary to promote collaborative work at the beginning of the undergraduate degree. In this context, human anatomy is an opportunity to promote its development. This can be generated within the framework of the inverted classroom promoting collaborative work activities, and academic performance as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the collection of ferns and lycophytes in the Huasteca potosina of Mexico, a new species of Adiantum is described and illustrated. Adiantum aquismonense has morphological and anatomical features that distinguish it from Adiantum tricholepis and Adiantum feei. In particular, A. aquismonense has reddish-brown hairs and its geographical distribution tends towards the slope of the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, A. tricholepis has hyaline hairs, and while A. feei has reddish hairs similar in color to those of the new species, they are shorter. All three species are found in Mexico. Anatomically, the fusion of vascular bundles of the petiole in A. aquismonense occurs distally in the petiole, whereas in A. tricholepis it occurs in the middle of the petiole. The spongy parenchyma of the leaves is more compact in A. tricholepis than in A. aquismonense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fabella is a bony anatomical variable, which in humans is located posterior to the lateral condyle of the femur, in the tendinous portion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Its prevalence rate has been reported in different populations, ranging from 3% to 86%. This study aimed to create an index that classifies the fabella according to its dimensions, determine the prevalence of the fabella in the Colombian population, and identify possible differences according to the fabella index (FI), sex, age, laterality, and degree of fabellar degeneration. A retrospective study used 93 lateral knee radiographs belonging to Colombian individuals. A fabella index was established to classify fabellae into longifabellar, medifabellar, and equifabellar, and radiological classification was used to identify the degree of fabellar degeneration (DFD). The prevalence of fabella was 36.30 %, and this variant was associated with the individual’s sex, with male subjects having 2.66 times the probability of presenting fabella. A higher prevalence of medifabellar fabellae (57.60 %) was observed, followed by longifabellar (24.20 %) and equifabellar (18.20 %). There was a positive and moderate correlation between the DFD and age. We consider that larger fabellae can cause entrapment of the common fibular nerve, compression of the popliteal artery, and tear of the medial meniscus, so the FI becomes relevant in clinical practice, providing information on the type of fabella and its associated pathological manifestations. This study introduces a novel fabella index and investigates the frequency of fabella in the Colombian population. The findings of this study will serve as a reference for future research and contribute to the field of knee orthopedics and surgery in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and cervical spine movements cause narrowing or widening of neuroforamina. In healthy individuals these movements do not cause symptoms of radiculopathy. This implies a compensating volume-regulating mechanism of the neuroforamina. Such a mechanism has been postulated in the years before CT and MRI for the neuroforaminal veins. Dural sac indentations with emptying and refilling of the internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP) were postulated in the lumbar region using myelography. Emptying of the IVVP occurs in the lumbar spine when moving towards maximal extension and refilling while moving towards maximal flexion. Such indentations have not been shown in the cervical region. With MRI this mechanism has been demonstrated during axial rotation in the C1-C2 segment. It consists of emptying and refilling of the IVVP and thus prevents dural sac compression. During spinal surgery, the IVVP and connecting neuroforaminal veins may be damaged. Because the clinical implications of dysfunction of this protecting mechanism of the IVVP and its neuroforaminal venous connections are not clear, the consequences of such damage are unknown. Therefore, these venous structures should be examined by studying the cervical spine in supine position and, if possible, in different postures (flexion, extension and axial rotation) using MRI with contrast-enhancement and fat suppression. These images may be a basis for future advancement of clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iliopsoas muscle is the main hip flexor being an accessory lateral rotator of this, its fibers run posterior to the inguinal ligament, crossing anterior to the pelvis. This course occurs in a groove located between the iliopubic eminence medially and the anterior inferior iliac spine laterally. Although there are antecedents of this groove, no relevant comments are found in international anatomical terminology (IAT) as a groove within the pelvic bone reliefs. This groove is associated with the tendon in different hip dysfunctions, such as the hip snap (coxa saltans). The objective of the research is to expand the clinical and anatomical knowledge of this groove and its inclusion in international anatomical terminology. Within the inclusion criteria, articles published in Spanish and English were selected that referred to the groove and/or keywords such as "iliopsoas muscle", "iliopsoas muscle", "iliopsoas groove", "coxal groove", "iliopsoas groove". and “iliopsoas muscle” “coxal groove”. The search engines used were Pubmed, Google Scholar and Springer Link. The relevance of the iliopsoas muscle groove gives way to discussions regarding its shape and depth, as well as a point of reference associated with different clinical situations related to this groove and probable predispositions to injuries or snaps that occur in the hip. Finally, knowledge of the groove for the iliopsoas muscle is important to consider in research that addresses this region, as well as its ana [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, training in the field of anatomy requires the implementation of learning and knowledge technologies (TAC). Therefore, the objective of this work was to use digital images taken of plastinated canine brains, hearts, and kidneys to create an interactive atlas that facilitates the teaching-learning of the anatomy of these organs. The research was carried out in 3 phases. In the first, canine brains, hearts and kidneys were obtained using the cold-temperature silicone plastination. In the second stage, photographs were taken, the images were edited with Adobe Photoshop and converted to SVG format using Adobe Illustrator. During the last phase, the 2D atlas was created using MongoDB and Node.js for the backend and Vue.js as the framework for the frontend. In addition, it was used three.js to render the 3D models. As a result, the 'Interactive Canine Atlas', ATINCA, was created. The atlas comprises 27 interactive images and 27 in atlas mode view (28 of the brain, 20 of the heart, and 6 of the kidney). Furthermore, the atlas features 3D models of the three organs. The developed atlas constitutes the first digital tool created in Ecuador based on local institutional needs, including a 3D format. Consequently, ATINCA will be integrated into the curricula as a digital material that will facilitate significant autonomous and collaborative learning of canine anatomical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of medicine begins with the study of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the human body, which has evolved over the years. In 2019 with the Covid-19 pandemic, education changed from the traditional in-person to virtual modality, which implied a series of changes for teachers and students. In the present work, a questionnaire was administered to 123 medical students at the Catholic University of Santiago of Guayaquil in 2023 about the teaching of anatomy and histology during and after the pandemic. Among the results, 43.1% prefer face-to-face evaluations, 86.2% state that the teacher-student relationship is better in person, virtual education generates demotivation in 57.7%. In theoretical anatomy and histology, it is preferred that the teacher use all the teaching resources available, as well as in practical anatomy, and in practical histology, however, the use of a microscope is preferred by 45.5%. For this reason, face-to-face education is preferred both in theory and in practice of anatomy and histology, being flexible in the pedagogical resources of theory, but in practice, especially in histology, the student prefers conventional teaching. In conclusion, the study of basic medical subjects should be done in person whenever possible, and use the virtual modality in special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the microsurgical anatomy and the physiology of the endolymphatic sac (ES) that a neurosurgeon should know.

Objetivos: Descrever na perspectiva dos participantes e da equipe organizadora, a experiência de visitação à exposição de anatomia humana. Métodos: Organizou-se exposição através de estações temáticas a serem apresentadas ao público, explicando sobre os sistemas anatômicos e a história da anatomia. Coletou-se informações através de questionário. Os dados coletados foram armazenados em banco de dados (Microsoft Excel). Resultados: O público-alvo da exposição foram alunos dos níveis básicos de educação. 87% dos visitantes fizeram relatos positivos quanto a aprendizagem no evento. Mais de 65% dos visitantes relataram que a exposição os auxiliou na decisão profissional futura. 96% dos visitantes acreditam que o evento cumpriu com o propósito de difundir conhecimentos da área das ciências morfológicas. Conclusões: O evento se demonstrou eficaz no esclarecimento de dúvidas dos visitantes, assim como, favoreceu o desenvolvimento de novas experiências de aprendizado.

Background and objective. The anatomy and release of the mandibular osseocutaneous ligament under direct visualization using the endoscope is defined as a surgical strategy in facial rejuvenation surgery. Methods. Ten endoscopic series are presented for the localization, identification, and anatomical characterization of the mandibular osseocutaneous ligament, as well as its release in patients undergoing deep-plane facelifts. An easy and safe maneuver for locating this ligament is described, as well as its precise anatomical characterization using the endoscope for possible modifications in deep-plane surgery. Results. The ligament is located through the inferior masseteric space with the endoscope, after passing through the platysma and achieving visualization of the depressor anguli oris (DAO) with its origin on the mandibular border and crisscrossing medial fibers of the platysma and insertion into the modiolus. In the anterosuperior recess of the DAO, the ligament can be found and defined, as well as precisely released. Conclusions. Our methodology provides a level of certainty and safety to deep-plane and extended SMAS techniques, and becoming a surgically easy-to-perform tool when the surgeon intends to modify the osseocutaneus mandibular ligament in deep-plane surgeries and when we want to limit skin dissection to improve vascular safety of the skin flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for aesthetic procedures is experiencing a steady increase in popularity, concomitant with the expanding array of available treatment options. Of notable interest is the burgeoning trend in the use of minimally invasive techniques. Among the various aspects of facial anatomy, the platysma stands as a pivotal element that significantly influences the aesthetic appearance of the neck region. It has garnered particular attention as a strategic focal point in various treatments geared towards enhancing the neck's visual appeal. Additionally, the versatility of the platysma extends beyond the realm of cosmetic improvements. Its functional significance is recognized in reconstructive surgical procedures, where it may be harnessed for specific maneuvers. Furthermore, the muscle serves as a critical access point for minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries in the neck region. While these developments hold great promise, it is crucial to underscore that safety should always take precedence in any medical or surgical approach. This applies equally to the neck region, which presents a complex and intricate anatomical landscape. An in-depth understanding and meticulous investigation of the platysma in all its diverse aspects are paramount to ensuring the success and safety of any procedure conducted in this region. This comprehensive review aspires to provide a contemporary understanding of the platysma, offering an in-depth analysis that encompasses its intricate anatomy, histological characteristics, and multifaceted clinical implications. By delving into these diverse dimensions, it aims to equip healthcare professionals and researchers with a robust foundation for informed decision-making and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thyrohyoid muscle is one of the four infrahyoid muscles. Its role in vocalization and deglutition could be often overlooked, despite its crucial participation in these processes. Unlike other infrahyoid muscles, the thyrohyoid muscle receives innervation from the first cervical spinal nerves which contributes to its unique function. Its primary action involves hyolaryngeal elevation during swallowing, contributing to the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. In conjunction with other muscles, it also protects the airway and facilitates the passage of food into the esophagus. Variations in the muscle’s thickness may exist, and its function can be influenced by chewing habits. Weakened muscles involved in swallowing are often associated with dysphagia, a common complication in stroke and brain-injured patients. Advanced imaging techniques and sleep studies have provided insights into the dynamics and frequency of swallowing. This review explores the anatomic structures, function in action, diagnosis and clinical implications of this muscle. Overall, understanding the significance of the thyrohyoid muscle enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay of laryngeal muscles during vocalization and deglutition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A artéria meníngea média (AMM) possui grande relevância clínica e cirúrgica, e o conhecimento da sua angioarquitetura é importante em vários procedimentos, no entanto, é evidente a escassez de estudos sobre seus aspectos morfométricos. Objetivos: O presente estudo objetivou analisar a morfometria dos sulcos da AMM por meio de uma abordagem digital. Método: Foram selecionadas 35 cabeças ósseas por permitirem a visualização completa do sulco da AMM, das quais foram medidos os comprimentos do tronco principal, dos ramos parietal e frontal, o ângulo inter-ramos e o diâmetro do forame espinhoso bilateralmente com o auxílio do software ImageJ®. Resultados: Os dados morfométricos foram facilmente obtidos e não foram observadas diferenças na morfometria bilateral do tronco principal e do ramo parietal, no entanto, o comprimento do ramo frontal foi maior no antímero direito. Também não foram encontradas diferenças nas medidas do forame espinhoso e do ângulo inter ramos. Conclusão: Métodos digitais de análise morfométrica da AMM são vantajosos em termos de precisão e rapidez na obtenção de dados. Por outro lado, a AMM apresenta poucas variações morfométricas bilateralmente, representando importantes achados que devem ser observados cuidadosamente no planejamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos e servir de base para futuras análises.

RESUMO Introdução: A anatomia humana desempenha um papel central na formação de profissionais de saúde, fornecendo a base fundamental para compreender o corpo humano e suas complexidades. Isso é particularmente relevante no contexto do ensino médico, sobre o qual as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) de 2014 mencionam a importância do conteúdo curricular relacionado à estrutura, de modo a influenciar a execução da anamnese, do exame físico e do diagnóstico nosológico. Desenvolvimento: Quanto ao currículo, o ensino de anatomia vem passando por mudanças significativas nas últimas décadas, buscando equilibrar abordagens tradicionais e ativas, promover a integração curricular e ampliar perspectivas bioéticas e biopsicossociais no estudo. O ensino da anatomia tem evoluído, mas ainda é frequentemente baseado em aulas expositivas e práticas em laboratório de dissecação, com foco na memorização. No entanto, há um consenso crescente de que abordagens mais interativas, práticas e integradas são necessárias, incluindo o uso de tecnologias educacionais. Sobre os métodos de aprendizagem, os recursos de estudo incluem livros-texto, atlas, peças anatômicas, tecnologias digitais e softwares especializados, e a dissecação em cadáveres e peças anatômicas naturais ainda é altamente valorizada, mas enfrenta desafios logísticos e bioéticos. Os desafios da aprendizagem incluem a grande quantidade de informações a serem memorizadas, a complexidade da nomenclatura anatômica, a necessidade de disponibilidade de horários para práticas, o aumento e a diversificação das avaliações, e a intervenção na falta de motivação discente em relação ao estudo de anatomia. Ainda, há iniciativas de integração do ensino, pesquisa e extensão na anatomia que devem ser incentivadas para os estudantes se envolverem em projetos de pesquisa desde o início do curso e desenvolverem atividades com a comunidade, como a partir de museus de ciências da vida. Considerações Finais: O ensino de anatomia está em constante evolução, e as tendências investigativas contemporâneas têm o potencial de melhorar significativamente os processos de ensino e aprendizagem da morfologia humana. A pesquisa em ensino de anatomia, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, é essencial para entender a evolução dessa disciplina e adaptá-la às mudanças nas perspectivas educacionais e tecnológicas.

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el uso del Atlas 3D de Visible Body como herramienta de apoyo al aprendizaje de la Anatomía Humana en estudiantes de Bachillerato en el período 2022 - 2023. Se empleó la investigación de campo con enfoque cuantitativo. A nivel teórico se utilizaron los métodos analítico y reflexivo. Se realizó la comparación del desempeño estudiantil en pruebas de conocimiento, diagnóstica y formativa, sobre la enseñanza secundaria mediada por el programa informático didáctico Atlas 3D de Visible Body. Se aplicó una encuesta en docentes y estudiantes sobre la utilidad del programa informático didáctico y su facilidad de uso. Los resultados muestran que el uso del del Atlas 3D mejora significativamente el desempeño estudiantil en pruebas de conocimiento, así como la utilidad y facilidad de uso en docentes y estudiantes. Además, los estudiantes reportaron una mayor comprensión de los conceptos de anatomía en Ciencias Naturales y una mayor facilidad para visualizar y entender la estructura y función del cuerpo humano. En conclusión, el uso del programa informático didáctico Atlas 3D de Visible Body puede ser una estrategia efectiva para mejorar el aprendizaje de la Anatomía Humana en estudiantes de Bachillerato.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção do público relacionada ao projeto de extensão “Anatomia como forma de interação entre Universidade e Comunidade” da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP. Foi disponibilizado um questionário com seis questões dissertativas para o público responder após a participação no projeto. As respostas foram analisadas por meio de uma metodologia descritiva. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no estudo, pôde-se observar que as expectativas dos participantes foram atendidas após a participação no projeto. Portanto, concluiu-se que a maior parte dos participantes ficou satisfeita, além disso, relataram que aprenderam ainda mais sobre a anatomia do corpo humano.

During the Eighty Years' war (1568-1648), amidst the struggle for the independence of the Netherlands from the Spanish Empire, a 26-year-old Rembrandt created one of 17th-century's masterpieces painting. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, painted in 1632, is a widely recognized masterpiece known for its detailed portrayal of the human anatomy, as well as for the amount of information available about its content and the moment immortalized. At the center of the piece lies the dissection of the left forearm illustrating muscles and tendinous structures such as the flexor digitorum superficialis, the abductor digiti minimi, the flexor pollicis longus tendon, the Camper's chiasma, and seemingly nervous structures. The painting embodies the pursuit of scientific progress, empirical confirmation, and the conveyance of knowledge. This article focuses on analyzing the accuracy of the forearm dissection as well as the potential anatomical errors in the structures painted by Rembrandt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the morphology of the root canal system of the mandibular first molar in a Malaysian subpopulation. Using micro-computed tomography with an isotropic resolution of 22 mm, 140 mandibular first molars were scanned. MIMICS software was used for segmentation, 3-D reconstruction and analysis of the acquired images. The canal configuration was described using Vertucci [supported by the supplementary configurations proposed by Sert & Bayirli (2004)] and Ahmed et al. (2027), coding systems. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between qualitative variables. By non-considering intercanal communications, Vertucci types IV (17.1%) and I (76.4%) were the most frequently reported configurations in the mesial and distal roots, respectively. Of the reported configurations, 24.3% and 4.3% were non-classifiable by Vertucci system in the mesial and distal roots, respectively. Up to 63.6% and 9.3% of the reported configurations were non-classifiable, and type I was the most frequent when considering intercanal communications (7.1% and 76.4% in the mesial and distal roots, respectively). According to Ahmed et al., system, almost half of the sample had more than four digits (47.9%), followed by the 3-digits category (20.71%). In both systems, a significant association was found between the canal configuration and the root type (p<0.001). The mandibular first molar of this Malaysian subpopulation demonstrated a wide range of root canal morphology. When compared to the Vertucci system, the system developed by Ahmed et al., successfully classified all molars configurations despite their level of complexity. The complex canal anatomy of mandibular first molars in this subpopulation warrants special attention during root canal treatment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bony tissue variation called Ponticulus posticus (PP) is described in the posterior arch of the atlas, which has been associated with the development of cervical pain. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of PP in digital lateral cephalograms. This study was an observational descriptive study, in which 450 digital lateral cephalograms obtained from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Andrés Bello University, Viña del Mar, Chile, were analyzed. The presence of PP was analyzed in each cephalogram, and the Cederberg and Stubbs classification was used to determine the degrees of ossification. The Chi-square test was applied to establish an association between the presence of PP with gender and age. Of the 450 lateral cephalograms, 42.4 % presented PP, with a higher prevalence in the 21-40 year range. In terms of the degree of ossification, grade 2 was the most prevalent type (25 %), followed by grade 4 (9.5 %), and grade 3 (8 %). No association was found between the presence of PP with age and gender (P > 0.05). PP is common in the population and is observed at different ages without a sex preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The daily cut-and-carry system is commonly used for cactus harvest, which increases manpower costs. This research aimed to determine the effect of the post-harvest storage period (up to 56 days post-harvest) on the chemical composition and anatomical traits of cactus cladodes [Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill cv. ‘IPA 20’ and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck cv. ‘Miúda’]. Treatments included two cactus cultivars (‘IPA 20’ and ‘Miúda’) and post-harvest storage periods (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 56 days). The experimental arrangement was split-plot in a completely randomized design with eight replications. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from cladodes were analyzed by order (primary, secondary, and tertiary) at the end of each storage period. Deterioration rate and root emergence were evaluated using a rank scale (1 to 5). Cladode storage up to 56 days did not reduce cactus CP and NDF, conform cactus cladodes; however, WSC reduced from 281 to 235 g kg-1 (at 0 days of storage) and from 521 to 475 g kg-1 (at 56 days of storage) for ‘IPA 20’ and ‘Miúda’cultivars, respectively. Low variation occurred for DM and OM concentrations, however ‘Miúda’ had greater deterioration during the storage period than ‘IPA 20’, with ranks of 4.7 and 3.2, respectively, at the 56 days of storage. There was a linear response regarded the deterioration effect for ‘IPA-20’cultivar and a quadratic response for cultivar ‘Miúda’. Both species presented a reduction in epidermal area and an increase in parenchymal area after 32 days of storage. The ‘IPA 20’ cultivar may be stored up to 56 days with less nutrient loss. The ‘Miúda’cultivar, presented greater deterioration, must be stored for a post-harvest period of up to 32 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

William Shakespeare is considered the most important writer of the English language, and his works demonstrate a deep knowledge of medical topics. In passages of his works, he refers to the liver, pia mater, heart, bile and gallbladder, blood, and fetal circulation, directly or through metaphors, sometimes based on the theories of Galen and Avicenna. It is speculated that he may have obtained this knowledge from his father-in-law, Dr. John Hall, from the 'Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum,' or from William Jaggard, who published some of his works and the first English anatomy book [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lycium humile Phil., is an extreme halophyte plant, endemic to Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, which grows between 2000 and 4000 m a.s.l. in saline wetlands environments. The aim of this work is to identify morpho-anatomical and histochemical adaptive characteristics of the vegetative organs of L. humile linked to its tolerance to extreme environments of high altitude saline wetlands, in order to evaluate its potential as source of metabolites with commercial value or as source of resistance genes related to abiotic stress tolerance. To carry out the analysis, during the period of February 2018, samples were obtained from plants belonging to 4 populations of the species (5 individuals per population) located at the departments of Antofagasta de la Sierra, Santa María and Ambato, province of Catamarca, Argentina. Leaf and stems were studied using histochemical tests, conventional histological preparations and optical microscopy. Different foliar tissues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled to elemental X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). The leaves and stems of the analyzed populations showed uniform anatomical and histochemical features. It was stated for the first time that the succulence of the leaf is reached by the folding of the tissues evidenced in a tridimensional venation pattern. The presence of isolateral-radial mesophyll and aquifer parenchyma is highlighted as a unique feature characteristic for the species. The glandular trichomes and palisade parenchyma revealed complex contents of phenols, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, terpenes, and alkaloids; while the outer layer of the cuticles presented phenolic, terpenic and lipidic deposits. The EDS analysis showed crystalliferous idioblasts with high contents of Ca2+ and Na+. The stems exhibited hypodermis and air chambers formed in the cortical and medullary layers. These anatomical and histochemical characteristics of L. humile represent adaptive traits to saline high-altitude wetland environments. Its functionality in relation to the environment and its potential as source of resistance genes and metabolites interesting for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Fat pads of the human knee joint are relatively well-known structures except for the pericruciate fat pad (PCFP). Aim. The study aimed to describe (1) the anatomy of the pericruciate fat pad (PCFP) and (2) its relation to the middle genicular artery (MGA). Materials and methods. Four male cadaveric lower limbs were dissected. PCFP was excised, and its horizontal and vertical lengths and volume were measured. The presence of MGA was assessed, and its internal diameter was registered. Results. PCFP was located in the intercondylar fossa. Its superior, inferior, medial&lateral and posterior borders were the intercondylar roof, tibial plateau, femoral condyles, and posterior knee capsule, respectively. The anterior part of the PCFP enveloped the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PCFP had a homogenous appearance of adipose tissue with small lobules. It was connected to the PCL with a fibrous process. The mean horizontal&vertical length and volume were 56.85±3.4 mm (range 52.1-60.2 mm), 42.8±5.8 mm (range 34.2-46.1 mm) and 43.75±4.79 ml (range 40-50 ml), respectively. The MGA penetrated the PCFP in all four examined limbs; its mean diameter was 1.18±0.33 mm (range 0.8-1.55 mm). Conclusions. PCFP is a relatively large structure, with MGA present within all examined cases. Care must be taken when performing surgeries involving the posterior intra-articular part of the knee because the PCFP may present an underestimated potential for oedema and bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammary gland has its embryological origin, later it differentiates histologically and anatomically; over time new findings have been discovered, as well as new terminology. The aim of this work was to describe the update on the morphological aspects of the mammary gland. A search for articles was carried out in different primary and secondary sources of scientific literature such as: Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Scopus, Scielo, obtaining 623 publications, 53 selected for review and 17 included. The breast has been updated in morphological aspects; the ducts are located close to the areola and the nipple where they open directly, the branches of the ducts are located close to the areola; the nipples have between 15 and 20 lobes, of which only 5-9 are true mammary duct orifices, there are no lactiferous sinuses, so the milk flows directly into the nipple, in terms of innervation of the breast they are innervated by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. The existing evidence demonstrates the need for permanent studies in the field of morphology, as described in this review article on the breast. In different aspects, such as terms, functions and structures. This information is important for undergraduate and postgraduate training, and its use in the clinic, identification of pathologies, lactation clinics, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex identification of a deceased human individual by means of the mandible is very important for forensic dentistry. The aim of the present study was to determine the sex of Chilean individuals by mandible analysis in panoramic radiographies. Linear and angular parameters of the mandible were analyzed from panoramic radiographies (PR). The study included PR of adult Chilean individuals, of both sexes, with optimum solution and contrast, and which allowed the angles and rami of the mandible to be viewed. Sex was determined by univariate and bivariate discriminant function analysis. The sample consisted of 594 PR of individuals aged between 18 and 84 years. The best sex predictor using univariate discriminant function analysis was the mandibular ramus height (MRH) (74.1 %), followed by the distance from the mental foramen - mandibular base (DMF-MB) (69.1 %) and the bicondylar breadth (BC) (66.7 %). The parameters that presented the lowest sex prediction were the angle of the mandible (AM) with 55.0 % and the distance between mental foramina (DMF) with 53.7 %. The best sex prediction was obtained by the step model of discriminant function analysis (80.2 %), including only three parameters: MRH, BC and DMF-MB. The parameters height of the mandibular ramus, bicondylar breadth and distance from the mental foramen - base of the mandible are good predictors of sex in Chilean individuals when used in conjunction; they are therefore indicated for sex determination in the contemporary Chilean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct detailed description of the anatomy of the digastric muscle (DM) in different populations should be carried out to improve the teaching of anatomy, avoid misinterpretations and help to avoid intercurrences during surgical procedures in the region. The aim of this study was to carry out a study of the DM in adult Brazilian individuals. The sample consisted of 50 DM from adult individuals (22 right side and 28 left side) fixed in 10 % formaldehyde. The morphology of the DM was observed, identifying possible anatomical variations; these were characterized and classified according to the number of the muscle bellies, direction of the fibre, and points of origin and insertion. The morphometric measurements were performed using a digital calliper. Student's t-test for dependent samples was used to measure differences between sides; one-way ANOVA was used to analyse the different classifications, and the chi-squared test to analyse qualitative variables, with significance threshold of 5 %. The anterior belly of the DM was classified as Type I in 28 samples (56 %), Type II in 20 (40 %) and Type III in 2 (4 %). The mean length was 37.8 mm, width 12.1 mm and thickness 5.39 mm, with no statistically significant differences found for these variables. The intermediate tendon of the DM was classified as Type I in 31 samples (62 %), Type II in 10 (20 %) and Type III in 9 (18 %); its mean total length was 45.1 mm. The posterior belly of the DM was Type I in 50 samples (100 %), with mean length 70.8 mm and width 8.15 mm. Anatomical variations of the DM, particularly its anterior belly, in Brazilian adults are very frequent. They must therefore be carefully identified to help avoid intercurrences during surgical procedures in the region, and to help correct evaluation of swollen lymph nodes in the submental triangle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatomy and clinical skills are taught separately to physical and occupational therapy students. Formaldehyde is the primary chemical used to embalm donors which creates a challenge in integrating clinical skills into the anatomy curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of clinical skills into anatomical education using Imperial College London-Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) and formaldehyde embalming through the evaluation of student perceived learning and confidence. Students were invited to complete a survey after dissecting an ICL-SP and formaldehyde embalmed donors and perform clinical tests. It was easier to dissect and identify neurovascular structures on ICL-SP donors compared to formaldehyde. Clinical tests, like measuring range of motion and ligament tests were also more realistic on ICL-SP donors. The integration of clinical skills in the anatomical curriculum increased student perceived understanding of associated anatomy (p < 0.001), gave better understanding of how anatomy is important to their professions (p < 0.001) and increased motivation to learn anatomy (p < 0.001). The integration of clinical skills into anatomical education can facilitate student learning with higher confidence performing clinical skills and is complemented by the utilization of the new ICL-SP methodology instead of the traditional formaldehyde preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: los meniscos son estructuras semilunares formadas por fibrocartílagos, localizadas entre el fémur y la tibia. El menisco externo es más móvil, debido a sus inserciones a través de los ligamentos meniscotibiales y poplíteomeniscales. El menisco interno tiene un desplazamiento de 2-3 mm comparado con un desplazamiento de 9-10 mm del menisco externo. Se ha descripto en la literatura mundial que la hipermovilidad meniscal es secundaria a lesión de ligamentos poplíteomeniscales (principales estabilizadores), sin embargo, se realizó un estudio cadavérico donde se evidenció que los ligamentos poplíteomeniscales desempeñan un papel secundario. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar que la lesión de los ligamentos meniscotibiales es la causante de la hipermovilidad meniscal externa. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cadavérico en 2022 en Arthrex, Naples, Florida, Estados Unidos. Previo a la valoración artroscópica se efectuó la sección de ligamentos meniscotibiales en el tercio posterior del menisco externo, manteniendo los ligamentos poplíteomeniscales y la inserción de la raíz posterior. Posteriormente, se efectuó la valoración artroscópica en la que se vio traslación anterior y superior del tercio posterior del menisco externo y se realizó la fijación meniscal. Resultados: mediante la fijación del tercio posterior del menisco lateral con técnica transósea, en una falla o insuficiencia de los ligamentos meniscotibiales, se logra estabilidad completa del menisco. Conclusión: la estabilidad principal del tercio posterior del menisco lateral está dada por la inserción periférica de los ligamentos meniscotibiales, por lo que la hipermovilidad meniscal externa no se debe a lesión de los ligamentos poplíteomeniscales.

A Filosofia Rural (1763) é a obra mais importante da Fisiocracia. Assinada por Mirabeau, mas escrita em conjunto com Quesnay, ela é descrita pelos autores no capítulo 7 como uma “demonstração anatômica” do corpo político representado no Quadro econômico. O presente artigo leva a sério essa proposta e busca expor, de modo esquemático, as balizas do projeto fisiocrata como uma medicina social, a saber, sua anatomia, fisiologia e etiologia e o modo como elas fundamentam sua clínica, isto é, um diagnóstico, um prognóstico e uma terapia.

From the most remote Jurassic time, the Greek civilization, the Claudio Galen’s ancient Rome, the Middle Ages and contemporary Renaissance, the Harvey and Malpighi’s modern age, as well as the 19th century considered as the "modern period" of Anatomy, where Galen's descriptive vision is expanded, and Vesalius' architectural vision, have been the arts an important factor to take into account in the science development. Leonardo da Vinci and Andrés Vesalio are considered great anatomists, who contributed the most with their art to its development. The current influence of the successful contributions of these two universal men in the anatomy rooms are considered as essential ideas, since the classical anatomy teaching has been carried out in all the world’s universities by means of cadaver dissection methods, established methodology in the anatomical environment that should not be dismissed or replaced, if not complemented with the new current resources.

O artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca dos pressupostos que compõem o ideário melancólico do narrador Eulálio d’Assumpção, em Leite Derramado (2009), de Chico Buarque, cuja decadência norteia a percepção do passado e faz com que o ponto de vista seja articulado entre o sarcasmo e a impossibilidade de modificar sua existência. Nesse sentido, a narrativa é construída por camadas discursivas ambivalentes, que evidenciam um esvaziamento do sentido de tradição para o narrador, a perda de identidade, com o advento da modernidade na qual ele não se reconhece, e do controle que exerce sobre a mulher, Matilde, objeto irrecuperável do aristocrata. Para isso, a leitura aqui realizada tem como mediação alguns tópicos teóricos sobre a melancolia, como os estudos de Freud (2010) e de Giorgio Agamben (2007), e os pressupostos sobre anatomia de Northrop Frye (2013). Por meio de um discurso ininterrupto e vertiginoso, Eulálio tenta atualizar o seu passado, transportando-o imaginariamente ao presente pelo recurso da narração.

O osso esterno pode apresentar variações anatômicas adquiridas durante o seu processo de formação, que vai desde o desenvolvimento embrionário até o início da vida adulta. Essas variações morfológicas não causam prejuízo da função, mas podem deixar o indivíduo susceptível a várias lesões e complicações. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um forame encontrado numa localização não usual no osso esterno e discorrer, através de uma breve revisão da literatura, sobre as principais implicações clínicas quando essa variação anatômica é desconhecida.

O alongamento do processo estiloide pode comprimir estruturas próximas causando um conjunto de sintomas que caracterizam a Síndrome de Eagle. Nota-se uma escassez de estudos, em especial na população brasileira, sobre os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos do alongamento do processo estiloide. Sendo assim, o presente estudo relata um caso de alongamento do processo estiloide com calcificação do ligamento estilo-hioideo bilateralmente, no qual o comprimento dessas estruturas em ambos os lados excedeu o dobro do necessário para atender ao critério anatômico de existência da síndrome, bem como detalhou os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos e as implicações clínicas das estruturas citadas.

O canal do nervo hipoglosso é uma estrutura óssea presente acima do côndilo occipital e dá passagem a importantes estruturas, tais como o nervo hipoglosso, o ramo meníngeo da artéria faríngea ascendente e a veia emissária do plexo basilar. Essa estrutura pode sofrer variações sendo um campo de estudo de particular interesse dos pesquisadores, especialmente devido às suas implicações clínicas, radiológicas e cirúrgicas. O presente estudo visou relatar uma variação anatômica rara do canal do nervo hipoglosso e descrever os aspectos morfológicos, morfométricos e sua relação topográfica com o côndilo occipital, além de discorrer sobre as principais implicações clínicas e cirúrgicas dessa estrutura.

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., conhecida popularmente como batata-doce; é considerada um alimento rico em nutrientes, tem suas folhas usadas em diversas finalidades, inclusive como alternativa a outros alimentos folhosos. Além disso, a folha é utilizada na medicina tradicional para redução do colesterol, inflamação de garganta, dor de dente, fadiga, gengiva inflamada, gonorreia e como antidiabética. Apesar do uso tradicional e da importância econômica da batata, ainda são poucos os estudos na literatura que descrevam a anatomia, bem como a histoquímica e fitoquímica de I. batatas. Devido a isso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar a caracterização anatômica, histoquímica e fitoquímica da espécie Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. No estudo realizado, foram utilizados métodos usuais em anatomia vegetal na preparação das análises em microscópio de luz e polarização de lâminas semipermanentes contendo secções transversais da raiz, caule, pecíolo e lâmina foliar e paradérmicos da lâmina foliar de I. batatas. Foi realizado também testes histoquímicos a fim de localizar os metabólitos na lâmina foliar através de secções transversais e prospecção fitoquímica de extratos etanólico das folhas através da Cromatografia em Camada Delgada. Através da anatomia foi possível observar características que diferenciam I. batatas das demais espécies do gênero, como quantidades de camada e localização dos tecidos dos órgãos vegetativos (raiz, caule e folha), presença de tricomas glandulares no pecíolo e na lâmina foliar e presença de canais secretores no caule, pecíolo e lâmina foliar. Nos testes histoquímicos foi possível observar a presença de compostos fenólicos, compostos lipofílicos, grãos de amido, lignina e triterpenos e esteroide na lâmina foliar da espécie; e através da fitoquímica foram identificados flavonoides, mono e sesquiterpenos, triterpenos e esteroides, derivados cinâmicos e açúcares redutores, confirmando o observado na histoquímica. Os resultados apresentados no estudo demonstram a importância da caracterização anatômica, histoquímica e fitoquímica para o controle de qualidade da droga vegetal e padronização farmacobotânica de I. batatas.