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2. First Point-Spread Function and X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Results With an 88-mm Diameter Single Crystal

Author

Lumpkin, A. H., Garson, A. B., and Anastasio, M. A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

In this study, we report initial demonstrations of the use of single crystals in indirect x-ray imaging with a benchtop implementation of propagation-based (PB) x-ray phase contrast imaging. Based on single Gaussian peak fits to the x-ray images, we observed a four times smaller system point-spread function (PSF) with the 50-{\mu}m thick single crystal scintillators than with the reference polycrystalline phosphor/scintillator. Fiber-optic plate depth-of-focus and Al reflective-coating aspects are also elucidated. Guided by the results from the 25-mm diameter crystal samples, we report additionally the first results with a unique 88-mm diameter single crystal bonded to a fiber optic plate and coupled to the large format CCD. Both PSF and x-ray phase contrast imaging data are quantified and presented., Comment: 17 pp. Version accepted by Rev.Sci.Inst

Published
2018
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3. From Relativistic Electrons To X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging

Author

Lumpkin, A. H., Garson, A. B., and Anastasio, M. A.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We report the initial demonstrations of the use of single crystals in indirect x-ray imaging for x-ray phase contrast imaging at the Washington University in St. Louis Computational Bioimaging Laboratory (CBL). Based on single Gaussian peak fits to the x-ray images, we observed a four times smaller system point spread function (21 {\mu}m (FWHM)) with the 25-mm diameter single crystals than the reference polycrystalline phosphor's 80-{\mu}m value. Potential fiber-optic plate depth-of-focus aspects and 33-{\mu}m diameter carbon fiber imaging are also addressed., Comment: 4 pp

Published
2018

5. Comparison of physiological responses to an incremental running test on treadmill, natural grass, and synthetic turf in young soccer players

Author

Di Michele, Rocco, Di Renzo, Anastasio M., Ammazzalorso, Sandro, and Merni, Franco

Subjects
Soccer players -- Physiological aspects, Soccer players -- Energy use, Heart beat -- Measurement, Treadmill exercise tests, Health, Sports and fitness
Abstract

This study aimed to compare the physiological responses to a running test often used to assess lactate thresholds in soccer players when performed with an identical protocol on treadmill (Tr), natural grass (Nat), and synthetic turf (Synt). Eighteen young soccer players (mean [+ or -] SD: age, 17.4 [+ or -] 0.8 years; body mass, 66.2 [+ or -] 6.7 kg; height, 175.8 [+ or -] 5.7 cm) performed on each surface a multistage running test, including 4-minutes stages separated by a 1-minute rest, with initial speed set at 8 km x [h.sup.-1] and increased of 2 km x [h.sup.-1] after each stage. Blood lactate concentration (La) and heart rate (HR) were assessed. The test ended when La exceeded 4 mmol x [L.sup.-1]. At each of the stages completed in the three conditions by all the subjects (8, 10, 12, and 14 km x [h.sup.-1]), La was higher in Synt vs. both Nat and Tr with differences of at least 0.6 mmol x [L.sup.-1] (p < 0.05), whereas HR was higher (p < 0.05) in Synt vs. Nat with differences from 4.3 b x [min.sup.-1] (at 10 km x [h.sup.-1]) to 6.4 b x [min.sup.-1] (at 8 km x [h.sup.-1]). Running speed at the 4 mmol x [L.sup.-1] La threshold was lower (p < 0.05) in Synt (13.1 [+ or -] 1.1 km x [h.sup.-1]) than in Nat (13.9 [+ or -] 1.2 km x [h.sup.-1]) and Tr (14.4 + 1.3 km x [h.sup.-1]). The La/HR curve obtained in Synt was shifted upward compared with the Nat and Tr curves, indicating higher La values at given HRs. These results could be mostly explained by adaptations of running mechanical patterns to surface properties that affect the energy requirements of running. This study emphasized the importance of testing soccer players on the specific surface used for training activities when assessing lactate threshold indices to prescribe and monitor field training. KEY WORDS Football, field testing, heart rate, lactate threshold, training intensity

Published
2009

10. Comparison of Physiological Responses to an Incremental Running Test on Treadmill, Natural Grass, and Synthetic Turf in Young Soccer Players

Author

Sandro Ammazzalorso, Anastasio M Di Renzo, Franco Merni, Rocco Di Michele, Di Michele R., Di Renzo A.M., Ammazzalorso S., and Merni F.

Subjects
Male, FIELD TESTING, Adolescent, Surface Properties, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Biology, Poaceae, Energy requirement, Running, Animal science, Heart Rate, Floors and Floorcoverings, Soccer, Heart rate, Blood lactate, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Treadmill, Analysis of Variance, Lactate threshold, General Medicine, FOOTBALL, Field training, Physiological responses, TRAINING INTENSITY, Italy, Exercise Test, Lactates, Physical Endurance, LACTATE THRESHOLD
Abstract

This study aimed to compare the physiological responses to a running test often used to assess lactate thresholds in soccer players when performed with an identical protocol on treadmill (Tr), natural grass (Nat), and synthetic turf (Synt). Eighteen young soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 17.4 ± 0.8 years; body mass, 66.2 ± 6.7 kg; height, 175.8 ± 5.7 cm) performed on each surface a multistage running test, including 4-minutes stages separated by a 1-minute rest, with initial speed set at 8 km·h-1 and increased of 2 km·h-1 after each stage. Blood lactate concentration (La) and heart rate (HR) were assessed. The test ended when La exceeded 4 mmol·L-1. At each of the stages completed in the three conditions by all the subjects (8, 10, 12, and 14 km·h-1), La was higher in Synt vs. both Nat and Tr with differences of at least 0.6 mmol·L-1 (p < 0.05), whereas HR was higher (p < 0.05) in Synt vs. Nat with differences from 4.3 b·min-1 (at 10 km·h-1) to 6.4 b·min-1 (at 8 km·h-1). Running speed at the 4 mmol·L-1 La threshold was lower (p < 0.05) in Synt (13.1 ± 1.1 km·h-1) than in Nat (13.9 ± 1.2 km·h-1) and Tr (14.4 ± 1.3 km·h-1). The La/HR curve obtained in Synt was shifted upward compared with the Nat and Tr curves, indicating higher La values at given HRs. These results could be mostly explained by adaptations of running mechanical patterns to surface properties that affect the energy requirements of running. This study emphasized the importance of testing soccer players on the specific surface used for training activities when assessing lactate threshold indices to prescribe and monitor field training.

Published
2009

17. The stochastic digital human is now enrolling for in silicoimaging trials—methods and tools for generating digital cohorts

Author

Badano, A, Lago, M A, Sizikova, E, Delfino, J G, Guan, S, Anastasio, M A, and Sahiner, B

Abstract

Randomized clinical trials, while often viewed as the highest evidentiary bar by which to judge the quality of a medical intervention, are far from perfect. In silicoimaging trials are computational studies that seek to ascertain the performance of a medical device by collecting this information entirely via computer simulations. The benefits of in silicotrials for evaluating new technology include significant resource and time savings, minimization of subject risk, the ability to study devices that are not achievable in the physical world, allow for the rapid and effective investigation of new technologies and ensure representation from all relevant subgroups. To conduct in silicotrials, digital representations of humans are needed. We review the latest developments in methods and tools for obtaining digital humans for in silicoimaging studies. First, we introduce terminology and a classification of digital human models. Second, we survey available methodologies for generating digital humans with healthy and diseased status and examine briefly the role of augmentation methods. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs of four approaches for sampling digital cohorts and the associated potential for study bias with selecting specific patient distributions.

Published
2023
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21. SU-C-210-07: Assessment of Intra-/Inter-Fractional Internal Tumor and Organ Movement in Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer Using On-Board Cine MRI

Author

Chen, H, primary, Dolly, S, additional, Victoria, J, additional, Ruan, S, additional, Low, D, additional, Anastasio, M, additional, Fischer-Valuck, B, additional, Kashani, R, additional, Green, O, additional, Rodriguez, V, additional, Dempsey, J, additional, Mutic, S, additional, Gay, H, additional, Thorstad, W, additional, and Li, H, additional

Published
2015
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26. Discordance between CD4 cell count and CD4 cell percentage: implications for when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children

Author

Author:, Boyd, Dunn, K, David, T, Castro, H, Gibb, D. M, Duong, T, Aboulker, J. P, Bulterys, M, Cortina, Borja, Gabiano, M, Galli, C, Giaquinto, L, Harris, C, D. R, Hughes, Mckinney, M, Mofenson, R, Moye, L, Newell, J, M. L, Pahwa, Palumbo, S, Rudin, P, Sharland, C, Shearer, M, Thompson, W, Tookey, B, Corporate Author: HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study: Osimani, P., P, Mattia, De, Manzionna, D, M, Bari, Di, Ruggeri, C, Pellegrini, M, Masi, N, Ciccia, M, Lanari, M, Venturi, M, Baldi, V, Chiriacò, F, Schumacher, P, Duse, Rf, Castagna, M, Dessi, M, Dedoni, C, Cavallini, M, Gariel, R, Sabatino, D, Pomero, G, Sticca, G, Anastasio, M, Bezzi, E, Gervaso, Mt, Chiappini, P, Paganelli, E, Cecchi, S, Bassetti, Mt, Rosso, D, Cosso, R, Bartolini, D, Gotta, M, Amoretti, C, Pinzani, C, R, Bojanin, J, Viganò, A, Giacomet, V, Schneider, L, Zuccotti, Gv, Riva, E, Giovannini, M, Ferraris, G, Liprei, R, Moretti, C, Stronati, M, Cellini, M, Del, Carmen, Ciccimarra, M, Buffolano, F, Guarino, W, Bruzzese, A, Tarallo, E, Sanfilippo, L, A, Romano, A, Rampon, O, D'Elia, R, Ruga, E, and Consolini, Rita

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, HIV Infections, Zidovudine, Pharmacotherapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Epidemiology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Infant, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Antiretroviral therapy, United States, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Natural history, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Disease Progression, HIV-1, Female, business, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines for HIV-1-infected children specify both absolute CD4 cell count and CD4 percentage thresholds at which consideration should be given to initiating ART. This leads to clinical dilemma when one marker is below the threshold, whereas the other is above. Design: Data were obtained on a large group of children followed longitudinally in trials and cohort studies in Europe and the USA. Follow-up was censored 6 months after the start of any antiretroviral drug other than zidovudine monotherapy. Methods: Discordance between CD4 cell count and percentage was defined in relation to ART initiation thresholds in World Health Organization (WHO) and European paediatric treatment guidelines. The relative prognostic value of CD4 cell count and percentage for progression to AIDS/death was investigated using time-updated Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by age. Results: Among 3345 children, with a total of 21 815 pairs of CD4 measurements analysed, 980 developed AIDS and/or died after a median follow-up of 1.7 years. Over one-half of children had discordant values of CD4 cell markers at the first visit when one or both treatment thresholds were crossed and approximately one-third had the same pattern of discordance at a subsequent measurement. Models suggested that CD4 percentage had little or no prognostic value over and above that contained in CD4 cell count, irrespective of age. Conclusions: More emphasis should be placed on CD4 cell count than on CD4 percentage in deciding when to start ART in HIV-1-infected children. (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published
2010

41. Pertussis immunization in HIV-1-infected infants: a model to assess the effects of repeated T cell-dependent antigen administrations on HIV-1 progression. Italian Register for HIV infection in children

Author

Tovo, Pa, Martino, De, Gabiano, M, Galli, C, L, Italian Register for HIV infection, Partecipants:, Osimani, P, Mattia, De, Zizzadoro, D, Ruggeri, P, Masi, M, Dell'Erba, M, Lanari, G, Bosi, M, Chiriacò, I, Duse, Pg, Crispino, M, Soresina, P, Bresciani, Ar, Battisti, E, Pintor, L, Chiappe, C, Belloni, F, Loriano, M, Ibba, D, Berrino, P, Nasi, R, Sticca, C, Palmieri, M, Anastasio, M, Bezzi, E, Vierucci, T, Guarino, A, Farina, A, Cecchi, S, Maria, De, Fioredda, A, Donelli, F, Marazzi, E, Pontali, Mg, Forni, E, Cosso, Gl, Gotta, D, Lobello, C, Tondo, D, Micheletti, U, Ruggeri, E, Plebani, C, Pinzani, A, Salvini, R, Marchisio, S, Esposito, P, Massironi, S, Zuccotti, E, Riva, Gv, Gamboni, E, Ferraris, A, Rancilio, G, Vegni, L, Altoberlli, C, Liprieri, R, Conio, R, Lizzoli, S, Gambaretto, F, Cellini, G, Pignata, M, Pozzi, C, Guarino, N, Romano, A, Todeschini, A, Giaquinto, A, Ruga, C, Rampon, E, O, Consolini, Rita, and Legitimo, Annalisa

Published
2000

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