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1. High-resolution isotope dietary analysis of Mesolithic and Neolithic humans from Franchthi Cave, Greece.

Author

Valentina Martinoia, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Sahra Talamo, Rebecca MacDonald, and Michael P Richards

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Franchthi Cave, in the Greek Peloponnese, is a well-known Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic site, with several human burials. In many parts of Europe there is clear evidence from archaeological and isotopic studies for a diet change between the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. This is especially the case in coastal contexts where there is often a shift from predominantly marine food diets in the Mesolithic to terrestrial (presumably domesticated) foods in the Neolithic. However, at Franchthi Cave previous isotope research did not show changes in diets between these two periods, and also showed relatively little input from marine foods in diets in either time period, despite the coastal location of the site and the presence of marine shellfish and fish, including tuna. High-resolution compound specific amino acid isotope analysis reported here from humans from the Lower Mesolithic and Middle Neolithic periods confirms the previous bulk isotope results in showing little or no consumption of marine foods in either time period. However, it is important to note that our isotopic sample does not come from episodes when tuna is abundant and therefore do not cover the whole range of known diets from the site. Conversely, in our sample there is some evidence of marine food consumption (likely seaweed) by sheep in the Neolithic period. We also report here five direct AMS radiocarbon dates for the five analyzed humans from the site.

Published
2025
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2. Ancient mitochondrial diversity reveals population homogeneity in Neolithic Greece and identifies population dynamics along the Danubian expansion axis

Author

Nuno M. Silva, Susanne Kreutzer, Angelos Souleles, Sevasti Triantaphyllou, Kostas Kotsakis, Dushka Urem-Kotsou, Paul Halstead, Nikos Efstratiou, Stavros Kotsos, Georgia Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Fotini Adaktylou, Areti Chondroyianni-Metoki, Maria Pappa, Christina Ziota, Adamantios Sampson, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Karen Vitelli, Tracey Cullen, Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika, Andrea Zeeb Lanz, Joris Peters, Jérémy Rio, Daniel Wegmann, Joachim Burger, Mathias Currat, and Christina Papageorgopoulou

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate mitochondrial diversity in Neolithic Greece and its relation to hunter-gatherers and farmers who populated the Danubian Neolithic expansion axis. We sequenced 42 mitochondrial palaeogenomes from Greece and analysed them together with European set of 328 mtDNA sequences dating from the Early to the Final Neolithic and 319 modern sequences. To test for population continuity through time in Greece, we use an original structured population continuity test that simulates DNA from different periods by explicitly considering the spatial and temporal dynamics of populations. We explore specific scenarios of the mode and tempo of the European Neolithic expansion along the Danubian axis applying spatially explicit simulations coupled with Approximate Bayesian Computation. We observe a striking genetic homogeneity for the maternal line throughout the Neolithic in Greece whereas population continuity is rejected between the Neolithic and present-day Greeks. Along the Danubian expansion axis, our best-fitting scenario supports a substantial decrease in mobility and an increasing local hunter-gatherer contribution to the gene-pool of farmers following the initial rapid Neolithic expansion. Οur original simulation approach models key demographic parameters rather than inferring them from fragmentary data leading to a better understanding of this important process in European prehistory.

Published
2022
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3. Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean

Author

Eirini Skourtanioti, Harald Ringbauer, Guido Alberto Gnecchi Ruscone, Raffaela Angelina Bianco, Marta Burri, Cäcilia Freund, Anja Furtwängler, Nuno Filipe Gomes Martins, Florian Knolle, Gunnar U. Neumann, Anthi Tiliakou, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Maria Andreadaki-Vlazaki, Philip Betancourt, Birgitta P. Hallager, Olivia A. Jones, Olga Kakavogianni, Athanasia Kanta, Panagiotis Karkanas, Efthymia Kataki, Konstantinos Kissas, Robert Koehl, Lynne Kvapil, Joseph Maran, Photini J. P. McGeorge, Alkestis Papadimitriou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lena Papazoglou-Manioudaki, Kostas Paschalidis, Naya Polychronakou-Sgouritsa, Sofia Preve, Eleni-Anna Prevedorou, Gypsy Price, Eftychia Protopapadaki, Tyede Schmidt-Schultz, Michael Schultz, Kim Shelton, Malcolm H. Wiener, Johannes Krause, Choongwon Jeong, and Philipp W. Stockhammer

Subjects
Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The Neolithic and Bronze Ages were highly transformative periods for the genetic history of Europe but for the Aegean—a region fundamental to Europe’s prehistory—the biological dimensions of cultural transitions have been elucidated only to a limited extent so far. We have analysed newly generated genome-wide data from 102 ancient individuals from Crete, the Greek mainland and the Aegean Islands, spanning from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. We found that the early farmers from Crete shared the same ancestry as other contemporaneous Neolithic Aegeans. In contrast, the end of the Neolithic period and the following Early Bronze Age were marked by ‘eastern’ gene flow, which was predominantly of Anatolian origin in Crete. Confirming previous findings for additional Central/Eastern European ancestry in the Greek mainland by the Middle Bronze Age, we additionally show that such genetic signatures appeared in Crete gradually from the seventeenth to twelfth centuries bc, a period when the influence of the mainland over the island intensified. Biological and cultural connectedness within the Aegean is also supported by the finding of consanguineous endogamy practiced at high frequencies, unprecedented in the global ancient DNA record. Our results highlight the potential of archaeogenomic approaches in the Aegean for unravelling the interplay of genetic admixture, marital and other cultural practices. Results - The archaeogenetic dataset - Transregional genetic entanglements of Aegean populations - Neolithic to Early/Middle Bronze Age - Mobility in the Middle/Late Bronze Age Aegean - Insights into sex bias, biological kinship and marital practices Discussion Methods - Preparation of aDNA analysis - Analysis of population structure - Admixture analysis with ADMIXTOOLS - Admixture dating - Analysis of biological relatedness - Analysis of ROH - Direct AMS radiocarbon dating

Published
2023
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4. Verbal abuse towards pediatric physiotherapists

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou, Alexandra Hristara - Papadopoulou, Paris Iakovidis, Thomas Apostolou, Konstantinos Chandolias, and Ourania Papadopoulou

Abstract

Psychological harassment in the workplace is a silent epidemic nowadays and verbal abuse is the most common form of harassment in the health professions. The apparentdeeper causes of the phenomenon vary, making it difficult to investigate but at the same time necessary because of its serious impact on the individual, the organization and society. Given the characteristics of pediatric physiotherapy, as a specialized profession requiring interdisciplinary collaboration and direct contact with the pain and dysfunction of the delicate group of pediatric patients and their families, we can assume the existence of verbal abuse in this job. In this case, there are negative consequences for the dynamics of the treatment team and the quality of medical care. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the verbal abuse against physiotherapists in pediatrics, in Greece

Published
2022
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5. Heterogeneity of resting-state EEG features in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and controls

Author

Shakeshaft, Amy, Laiou, Petroula, Abela, Eugenio, Stavropoulos, Ioannis, Richardson Mark, P, Alessandro, Orsini, Alice, Howell, Alison, Hyde, Alison, Mcqueen, Almu, Duran, Alok, Gaurav, Amber, Collingwood, Amy, Kitching, Anastasia, Papathanasiou, Verity, Calder, Vicky, Collins, Vicky, Parker, Vivien, Richmond, William, Stern, Zena, Haslam, Zuzana, Šobíšková, Amit, Agrawal, Amy, Whiting, Andrea, Pratico, Archana, Desurkar, Arun, Saraswatula, Bridget, Macdonald, Choong Yi Fong, Beier, Christoph P., Danielle, Andrade, Darwin, Pauldhas, Greenberg, David A., David, Deekollu, and Pal, Deb K.

Subjects
networks, General Engineering, biomarkers, epilepsy, EEG, heterogeneity
Abstract

Abnormal EEG features are a hallmark of epilepsy, and abnormal frequency and network features are apparent in EEGs from people with idiopathic generalized epilepsy in both ictal and interictal states. Here, we characterize differences in the resting-state EEG of individuals with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and assess factors influencing the heterogeneity of EEG features. We collected EEG data from 147 participants with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy through the Biology of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy study. Ninety-five control EEGs were acquired from two independent studies [Chowdhury et al. (2014) and EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project]. We extracted frequency and functional network-based features from 10 to 20 s epochs of resting-state EEG, including relative power spectral density, peak alpha frequency, network topology measures and brain network ictogenicity: a computational measure of the propensity of networks to generate seizure dynamics. We tested for differences between epilepsy and control EEGs using univariate, multivariable and receiver operating curve analysis. In addition, we explored the heterogeneity of EEG features within and between cohorts by testing for associations with potentially influential factors such as age, sex, epoch length and time, as well as testing for associations with clinical phenotypes including anti-seizure medication, and seizure characteristics in the epilepsy cohort. P-values were corrected for multiple comparisons. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in power spectral density in delta (2–5 Hz) (P = 0.0007, hedges’ g = 0.55) and low-alpha (6–9 Hz) (P = 2.9 × 10−8, g = 0.80) frequency bands, peak alpha frequency (P = 0.000007, g = 0.66), functional network mean degree (P = 0.0006, g = 0.48) and brain network ictogenicity (P = 0.00006, g = 0.56) between epilepsy and controls. Since age (P = 0.009) and epoch length (P = 1.7 × 10−8) differed between the two groups and were potential confounders, we controlled for these covariates in multivariable analysis where disparities in EEG features between epilepsy and controls remained. Receiver operating curve analysis showed low-alpha power spectral density was optimal at distinguishing epilepsy from controls, with an area under the curve of 0.72. Lower average normalized clustering coefficient and shorter average normalized path length were associated with poorer seizure control in epilepsy patients. To conclude, individuals with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy have increased power of neural oscillatory activity at low-alpha frequencies, and increased brain network ictogenicity compared with controls, supporting evidence from studies in other epilepsies with considerable external validity. In addition, the impact of confounders on different frequency-based and network-based EEG features observed in this study highlights the need for careful consideration and control of these factors in future EEG research in idiopathic generalized epilepsy particularly for their use as biomarkers.

Published
2022

6. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia

Author

Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijašević, Dragana Antonović, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodružić, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Nikola Borovinić, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Carić, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija Čondić, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I. Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjević, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R. Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoğan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M. Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frînculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Genç, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, İlkay İvgin, Ivor Janković, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kılıç, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša Kovačević, Marta Krenz-Niedbała, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia Łukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milašinović, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M. Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal Özdemir, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Nurettin Öztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka Premužić, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Siniša Radović, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva, Mustafa Şahin, Ayşegül Şarbak, Emre Savaş, Constanze Schattke, Lynne Schepartz, Tayfun Selçuk, Ayla Sevim-Erol, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Henry M. Shephard, Athanasios Sideris, Angela Simalcsik, Hakob Simonyan, Vitalij Sinika, Kendra Sirak, Ghenadie Sirbu, Mario Šlaus, Andrei Soficaru, Bilal Söğüt, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Çilem Sönmez-Sözer, Maria Stathi, Martin Steskal, Kristin Stewardson, Sharon Stocker, Fadime Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander Suvorov, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Nikolai Telnov, Strahil Temov, Nadezhda Todorova, Ulsi Tota, Gilles Touchais, Sevi Triantaphyllou, Atila Türker, Marina Ugarković, Todor Valchev, Fanica Veljanovska, Zlatko Videvski, Cristian Virag, Anna Wagner, Sam Walsh, Piotr Włodarczak, J. Noah Workman, Aram Yardumian, Evgenii Yarovoy, Alper Yener Yavuz, Hakan Yılmaz, Fatma Zalzala, Anna Zettl, Zhao Zhang, Rafet Çavuşoğlu, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, and Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
Europe, History, Multidisciplinary, Origin, Genomes, Article, ancient DNA, Neolithic migrations, Anatolia, Fertile Crescent, hunter-gatherers, early farmers, 1st Farmers
Abstract

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia., National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying Research Article, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (12). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.).

Published
2022
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7. A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia

Author

Iosif, Lazaridis, Songül, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe, Acar, Ayşen, Açıkkol, Anagnostis, Agelarakis, Levon, Aghikyan, Uğur, Akyüz, Desislava, Andreeva, Gojko, Andrijašević, Dragana, Antonović, Ian, Armit, Alper, Atmaca, Pavel, Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan, Aytek, Krum, Bacvarov, Ruben, Badalyan, Stefan, Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline, Balen, Lorenc, Bejko, Rebecca, Bernardos, Andreas, Bertsatos, Hanifi, Biber, Ahmet, Bilir, Mario, Bodružić, Michelle, Bonogofsky, Clive, Bonsall, Dušan, Borić, Nikola, Borovinić, Guillermo, Bravo Morante, Katharina, Buttinger, Kim, Callan, Francesca, Candilio, Mario, Carić, Olivia, Cheronet, Stefan, Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni, Chovalopoulou, Stella, Chryssoulaki, Ion, Ciobanu, Natalija, Čondić, Mihai, Constantinescu, Emanuela, Cristiani, Brendan J, Culleton, Elizabeth, Curtis, Jack, Davis, Tatiana I, Demcenco, Valentin, Dergachev, Zafer, Derin, Sylvia, Deskaj, Seda, Devejyan, Vojislav, Djordjević, Kellie Sara, Duffett Carlson, Laurie R, Eccles, Nedko, Elenski, Atilla, Engin, Nihat, Erdoğan, Sabiha, Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M, Fernandes, Matthew, Ferry, Suzanne, Freilich, Alin, Frînculeasa, Michael L, Galaty, Beatriz, Gamarra, Boris, Gasparyan, Bisserka, Gaydarska, Elif, Genç, Timur, Gültekin, Serkan, Gündüz, Tamás, Hajdu, Volker, Heyd, Suren, Hobosyan, Nelli, Hovhannisyan, Iliya, Iliev, Lora, Iliev, Stanislav, Iliev, İlkay, İvgin, Ivor, Janković, Lence, Jovanova, Panagiotis, Karkanas, Berna, Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal, Kaya, Denise, Keating, Douglas J, Kennett, Seda, Deniz Kesici, Anahit, Khudaverdyan, Krisztián, Kiss, Sinan, Kılıç, Paul, Klostermann, Sinem, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša, Kovačević, Marta, Krenz-Niedbała, Maja, Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena, Kurti, Pasko, Kuzman, Ann Marie, Lawson, Catalin, Lazar, Krassimir, Leshtakov, Thomas E, Levy, Ioannis, Liritzis, Kirsi O, Lorentz, Sylwia, Łukasik, Matthew, Mah, Swapan, Mallick, Kirsten, Mandl, Kristine, Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger, Matthews, Wendy, Matthews, Kathleen, McSweeney, Varduhi, Melikyan, Adam, Micco, Megan, Michel, Lidija, Milašinović, Alissa, Mittnik, Janet M, Monge, Georgi, Nekhrizov, Rebecca, Nicholls, Alexey G, Nikitin, Vassil, Nikolov, Mario, Novak, Iñigo, Olalde, Jonas, Oppenheimer, Anna, Osterholtz, Celal, Özdemir, Kadir Toykan, Özdoğan, Nurettin, Öztürk, Nikos, Papadimitriou, Niki, Papakonstantinou, Anastasia, Papathanasiou, Lujana, Paraman, Evgeny G, Paskary, Nick, Patterson, Ilian, Petrakiev, Levon, Petrosyan, Vanya, Petrova, Anna, Philippa-Touchais, Ashot, Piliposyan, Nada, Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje, Potrebica, Bianca, Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka, Premužić, T Douglas, Price, Lijun, Qiu, Siniša, Radović, Kamal, Raeuf Aziz, Petra, Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal, Rasheed Raheem, Sergei, Razumov, Amy, Richardson, Jacob, Roodenberg, Rudenc, Ruka, Victoria, Russeva, Mustafa, Şahin, Ayşegül, Şarbak, Emre, Savaş, Constanze, Schattke, Lynne, Schepartz, Tayfun, Selçuk, Ayla, Sevim-Erol, Michel, Shamoon-Pour, Henry M, Shephard, Athanasios, Sideris, Angela, Simalcsik, Hakob, Simonyan, Vitalij, Sinika, Kendra, Sirak, Ghenadie, Sirbu, Mario, Šlaus, Andrei, Soficaru, Bilal, Söğüt, Arkadiusz, Sołtysiak, Çilem, Sönmez-Sözer, Maria, Stathi, Martin, Steskal, Kristin, Stewardson, Sharon, Stocker, Fadime, Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander, Suvorov, Anna, Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás, Szeniczey, Nikolai, Telnov, Strahil, Temov, Nadezhda, Todorova, Ulsi, Tota, Gilles, Touchais, Sevi, Triantaphyllou, Atila, Türker, Marina, Ugarković, Todor, Valchev, Fanica, Veljanovska, Zlatko, Videvski, Cristian, Virag, Anna, Wagner, Sam, Walsh, Piotr, Włodarczak, J Noah, Workman, Aram, Yardumian, Evgenii, Yarovoy, Alper Yener, Yavuz, Hakan, Yılmaz, Fatma, Zalzala, Anna, Zettl, Zhao, Zhang, Rafet, Çavuşoğlu, Nadin, Rohland, Ron, Pinhasi, David, Reich, Ruben, Davtyan, and Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
Genomic History, Asia, Multidisciplinary, Greece, Ancient DNA, Europe, Turkey, Migration, Urartian Kingdom, Roman and Byzantine Empires, Human Migration, Population, Genetic Variation, Admixture, Dna, human genetics, archaeogentic analysis, literary and archaeological sources, Southern Europe, Western Asia, Eye, History, Medieval, Article, Europe, Archaeology, Languages, Humans, Selection, History, Ancient, Hair, Skin
Abstract

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region., National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying manuscript, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (1). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to D.R.).

Published
2022

8. Correction for Frantz et al., Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Anders Götherström, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Michael J Richards, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Joris Peters, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, Joachim Burger, Dian Boric, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Melinda A. Zeder, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Panoraia Alexandri, Jörg Schibler, John Chapman, Adrian Balasescu, Greger Larson, Jörg Orschiedt, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Keith Dobney, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Thomas H. McGovern, Canan Çakirlar, Bea De Cupere, Caroline Malone, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Vesna Dimitrijević, Sepideh Maziar, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Cevdet Merih Erek, Adina Boroneant, Ash Erim-Ozdogan, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Hitomi Hongo, Marjan Mashkour, Amelie Scheu, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Michelle Alexander, David Orton, Richard Sabin, László Bartosiewicz, Nenad Tasić, François-Xavier Ricaut, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Darko Radmanovic, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Christina Geoerg, Clive Bonsall, Anna Linderholm, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Audrey T. Lin, Daniel Helmer, Daniel G. Bradley, Roger Matthews, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Shiva Sheikhi, Sophie Van Poucke, Lionel Gourichon, Mike J. Church, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Joséphine Lesur, Mihai Gligor, Martien A. M. Groenen, Alexander Yanevich, Vincent M. Battista, Cleia Detry, Max Price, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Holley Martlew, Allowen Evin, Elisabeth Stephan, Norbert Benecke, John R. Stewart, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Youri van den Hurk, James Haile, Mike Parker Pearson, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Victoria E. Mullin, Jose-Miguel Carreterow, Kurt J. Gron, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Thomas Cucchi, Rebecca Miller, Jelena Bulatović, and Anton Ervynck

Subjects
Gene Flow, Multidisciplinary, Swine, Library science, Skin Pigmentation, Biological Sciences, Corrections, DNA, Mitochondrial, Domestication, Europe, Middle East, Anthropology, evolution, Animals, Neolithic, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract

Significance Archaeological evidence indicates that domestic pigs arrived in Europe, alongside farmers from the Near East ∼8,500 y ago, yet mitochondrial genomes of modern European pigs are derived from European wild boars. To address this conundrum, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear data from modern and ancient Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses indicate that, aside from a coat color gene, most Near Eastern ancestry in the genomes of European domestic pigs disappeared over 3,000 y as a result of interbreeding with local wild boars. This implies that pigs were not domesticated independently in Europe, yet the first 2,500 y of human-mediated selection applied by Near Eastern Neolithic farmers played little role in the development of modern European pigs., Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.

Published
2020

9. Infectious disease in the ancient Aegean: Intestinal parasitic worms in the Neolithic to Roman Period inhabitants of Kea, Greece

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lynne A. Schepartz, Piers D. Mitchell, and Evilena Anastasiou

Subjects
Archeology, education.field_of_study, 060101 anthropology, 060102 archaeology, biology, Population, 06 humanities and the arts, History of medicine, Ancient history, biology.organism_classification, Ancient Greece, Prehistory, Geography, Bronze Age, 0601 history and archaeology, Ascaris lumbricoides, education, Paleopathology, Byzantine architecture
Abstract

Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BCE), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners.

Published
2018
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11. The genomic history of Southern Europe

Author

Richard Cottiaux, Eadaoin Harney, Iain Mathieson, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, Corinne Thevenet, Georgi Ganetsovski, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Petar Stanev, Douglas J. Kennett, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Adina Boroneanţ, Domenico Lo Vetro, Megan Michel, Nicholas J. Conard, Maleen Leppek, Fanica Veljanovska, Harald Meller, Martina Lari, Clive Bonsall, Michael Bolus, Thomas Higham, Andrej Starović, Darko Komšo, Mario Novak, Ivaylo Lozanov, Maja Čuka, Vanya Petrova, Krum Bacvarov, Alicja Budnik, Cosimo Posth, Cristian Virag, Stanislav Iliev, Wolfgang Haak, Francesca Candilio, Iñigo Olalde, Tamás Hajdu, David Caramelli, Raiko Krauß, Ivor Janković, Swapan Mallick, Matthew Ferry, Ben Krause-Kyora, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Kristin Stewardson, Cătălin Lazăr, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Giulio Catalano, Veneta Handzhyiska, Kendra Sirak, Kathrin Nägele, Kurt W. Alt, Bernard Gély, Ivor Karavanić, Svetlana Venelinova, Nedko Elenski, Dragana Antonović, Ron Pinhasi, Maria Malina, Inna Potekhina, Ivan Valchev, Alexey G. Nikitin, Kath McSweeney, Dusan Boric, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Saskia Pfrengle, Angela Simalcsik, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Abigail Ash, Malcolm Lillie, Mario Šlaus, Fabio Martini, David Reich, Johannes Krause, Tamás Szeniczey, Bence Viola, Dženi Los, Luca Sineo, Hervé Bocherens, Christophe Cupillard, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Pavel Mirea, Sahra Talamo, Alexandra Kozak, Katerina Harvati, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Marko Menđušić, Gunita Zariņa, Olivia Cheronet, Isil Kucukkalipci, Denise Keating, Dorothée G. Drucker, Stefan Alexandrov, Vladimir Slavchev, Radian Andreescu, Eppie R. Jones, Beatriz Gamarra, Michael Francken, Nadin Rohland, Gloria G. Fortes, Jonas Oppenheimer, Stefania Vai, T. Douglas Price, Sergey Vasilyev, Borislava Galabova, Krassimir Leshtakov, Bisserka Gaydarska, Mende Balázs Gusztáv, Joško Zaninović, Nadezhda Atanassova, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Josip Burmaz, Daniel Fernandes, Steve Zäuner, Damian Labuda, Frédérique Valentin, Iain Mathieson, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Cosimo Posth, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Nadin Rohland1, Swapan Mallick, Iigo Olalde, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Olivia Cheronet, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Beatriz Gamarra, Gloria González Fortes, Wolfgang Haak, Eadaoin Harney, Eppie Jones, Denise Keating, Ben Krause-Kyora, Isil Kucukkalipci, Megan Michel, Alissa Mittnik, Kathrin N.gele, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Nick Patterson, Saskia Pfrengle, Kendra Sirak, Kristin Stewardson, Stefania Vai, Stefan Alexandrov, Kurt W. Alt, Radian Andreescu, Dragana Antonovic′, Abigail Ash, Nadezhda Atanassova, Krum Bacvarov, Mende Balázs Gusztáv, Hervé Bocherens, Michael Bolus, Adina Boroneant., Yavor Boyadzhiev, Alicja Budnik, Josip Burmaz, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Nicholas J. Conard, Richard Cottiaux, Maja Cuka, Christophe Cupillard, Dorothée G. Drucker, Nedko Elenski, Michael Francken, Borislava Galabova, Georgi Ganetsovski, Bernard Gély, Tamás Hajdu, Veneta Handzhyiska, Katerina Harvati, Thomas Higham, Stanislav Iliev, Ivor Jankovic′, Ivor Karavanic, Douglas J. Kennett, Darko Komšo, Alexandra Kozak, Damian Labuda, Martina Lari, Catalin Lazar, Maleen Leppek, Krassimir Leshtakov, Domenico Lo Vetro, Dženi Los, Ivaylo Lozanov, Maria Malina, Fabio Martini, Kath McSweeney, Harald Meller, Marko Mendˉušic, Pavel Mirea, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Vanya Petrova, T. Douglas Price, Angela Simalcsik, Luca Sineo, Mario Šlaus, Vladimir Slavchev, Petar Stanev, Andrej Starovic′, Tamás Szeniczey, Sahra Talamo, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Corinne Thevenet, Ivan Valchev, Frédérique Valentin, Sergey Vasilyev, Fanica Veljanovska, Svetlana Venelinova, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, Bence Viola, Cristian Virag, Joško Zaninovic′, Steve Zuner, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Giulio Catalano, Raiko Krau, David Caramelli, Gunita Zarin, Bisserka Gaydarska, Malcolm Lillie, Alexey G. Nikitin, Inna Potekhina, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Dušan Boric, Clive Bonsall, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Mathieson I., Alpaslan-Roodenberg S., Posth C., Szecsenyi-Nagy A., Rohland N., Mallick S., Olalde I., Broomandkhoshbacht N., Candilio F., Cheronet O., Fernandes D., Ferry M., Gamarra B., Fortes G.G., Haak W., Harney E., Jones E., Keating D., Krause-Kyora B., Kucukkalipci I., Michel M., Mittnik A., Nagele K., Novak M., Oppenheimer J., Patterson N., Pfrengle S., Sirak K., Stewardson K., Vai S., Alexandrov S., Alt K.W., Andreescu R., Antonovic D., Ash A., Atanassova N., Bacvarov K., Gusztav M.B., Bocherens H., Bolus M., Boroneant A., Boyadzhiev Y., Budnik A., Burmaz J., Chohadzhiev S., Conard N.J., Cottiaux R., Cuka M., Cupillard C., Drucker D.G., Elenski N., Francken M., Galabova B., Ganetsovski G., Gely B., Hajdu T., Handzhyiska V., Harvati K., Higham T., Iliev S., Jankovic I., Karavanic I., Kennett D.J., Komso D., Kozak A., Labuda D., Lari M., Lazar C., Leppek M., Leshtakov K., Vetro D.L., Los D., Lozanov I., Malina M., Martini F., McSweeney K., Meller H., Mentusic M., Mirea P., Moiseyev V., Petrova V., Douglas Price T., Simalcsik A., Sineo L., Slaus M., Slavchev V., Stanev P., Starovic A., Szeniczey T., Talamo S., Teschler-Nicola M., Thevenet C., Valchev I., Valentin F., Vasilyev S., Veljanovska F., Venelinova S., Veselovskaya E., Viola B., Virag C., Zaninovic J., Zauner S., Stockhammer P.W., Catalano G., Krauss R., Caramelli D., Zarina G., Gaydarska B., Lillie M., Nikitin A.G., Potekhina I., Papathanasiou A., Boric D., Bonsall C., Krause J., Pinhasi R., Reich D., Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, History, Steppe, 01 natural sciences, genome wide ancient DNA, 0302 clinical medicine, population dynamics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Farmers, Genome, Agriculture, Cline (biology), Genomics, Grassland, Europe, Geography, Western europe, Ethnology, Female, southeastern Europe, Human, Archaeogenetics, 010506 paleontology, Asia, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human Migration, Population, Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, Indigenous, Article, Ancient, 03 medical and health sciences, genetic variation, genomics, prehistoric Europe, prehistoric archeology, bioarchaeology, Bioarchaeology, Genetics, Humans, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Archeology, Farmer, DNA, Ancient, Sex Distribution, education, Mesolithic, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Arheologija, Extramural, business.industry, Genome, Human, Ambientale, DNA, Archaeology, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija. Genetika, evolucija i filogenija, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, Genetics, Population, Ancient DNA, Genomics, Southeastern Europe, Genetic Variation, business, NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology. Genetics, Evolution and Phylogenetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7th millennium BCE - brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. However, the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and the indigenous hunter-gatherers remain poorly understood because of the near absence of ancient DNA from the region. We report new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 204 individuals-65 Paleolithic and Mesolithic, 93 Neolithic, and 46 Copper, Bronze and Iron Age-who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between about 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document that the hunter-gatherer populations of southeastern Europe, the Baltic, and the North Pontic Steppe were distinctive from those of western Europe, with a West-East cline of ancestry. We show that the people who brought farming to Europe were not part of a single population, as early farmers from southern Greece are not descended from the Neolithic population of northwestern Anatolia that was ancestral to all other European farmers. The ancestors of the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited admixture with local hunter-gatherers, but we show that some groups that remained in the region mixed extensively with local hunter-gatherers, with relatively sex-balanced admixture compared to the male-biased hunter-gatherer admixture that we show prevailed later in the North and West. After the spread of farming, southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West, with intermittent steppe ancestry, including in individuals from the Varna I cemetery and associated with the Cucuteni-Trypillian archaeological complex, up to 2,000 years before the Steppe migration that replaced much of northern Europe9s population.

Published
2018
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12. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Marjan Mashkour, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Joris Peters, John Chapman, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Canan Çakirlar, Jörg Schibler, Daniel Helmer, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Caroline Malone, Vesna Dimitrijević, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christina Geörg, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Panoraia Alexandri, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Thomas Cucchi, Victoria E. Mullin, Michael P. Richards, James Haile, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Cevdet Merih Erek, John R. Stewart, Joachim Burger, Mihai Gligor, Jörg Orschiedt, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Rebecca Miller, Youri van den Hurk, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Allowen Evin, Hitomi Hongo, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Jelena Bulatović, Max Price, Keith Dobney, Adina Boroneanţ, Anton Ervynck, Mike Parker Pearson, Joséphine Lesur, Elisabeth Stephan, Holley Martlew, Sepideh Maziar, Kurt J. Gron, Bea De Cupere, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Anders Götherström, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Richard Sabin, David Orton, Greger Larson, Lionel Gourichon, Cleia Detry, Clive Bonsall, François-Xavier Ricaut, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, José Miguel Carretero, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Mike J. Church, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Melinda A. Zeder, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Alexander Yanevich, Daniel G. Bradley, Amelie Scheu, László Bartosiewicz, Darko Radmanovic, Shiva Sheikhi, Michelle Alexander, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, Adrian Bӑlӑşescu, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Vincent M. Battista, Anna Linderholm, Norbert Benecke, Aslı Erim-Özdoğan, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Thomas H. McGovern, Audrey T. Lin, Sophie Van Poucke, Roger Matthews, Martien A. M. Groenen, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Nenad Tasić, Dusan Boric, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Haile, Jame, Lin, Audrey T., Scheu, Amelie, Geörg, Christina, Benecke, Norbert, Alexander, Michelle, Linderholm, Anna, Mullin, Victoria E., Daly, Kevin G., Battista, Vincent M., Price, Max, Gron, Kurt J., Alexandri, Panoraia, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Balaşescu, Adrian, Barnett, Ro, Bartosiewicz, László, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bonsall, Clive, ̧, Dušan Boric Adina Boroneant, Bulatovic, Jelena, Çakirlar, Canan, Carretero, José-Miguel, Chapman, John, Church, Mike, Crooijmans, Richard, De Cupere, Bea, Detry, Cleia, Dimitrijevic, Vesna, Dumitras ̧cu, Valentin, du Plessis, Loui, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Merih Erek, Cevdet, ̆an, AslıErim-Özdog, Ervynck, Anton, Fulgione, Domenico, Gligor, Mihai, Götherström, Ander, Gourichon, Lionel, Groenen, Martien A. M., Helmer, Daniel, Hongo, Hitomi, Horwitz, Liora K., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Lesur, Joséphine, Malone, Caroline, Manaseryan, Ninna, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Martlew, Holley, Mashkour, Marjan, Matthews, Roger, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Maziar, Sepideh, Meijaard, Erik, Mcgovern, Tom, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Miller, Rebecca, Fatemeh Mohaseb, Azadeh, Orschiedt, Jörg, Orton, David, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Parker Pearson, Mike, Pinhasi, Ron, Radmanovic, Darko, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Richards, Mike, Sabin, Richard, Sarti, Lucia, Schier, Wolfram, Sheikhi, Shiva, Stephan, Elisabeth, Stewart, John R., Stoddart, Simon, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Tasic, Nenad, Trantalidou, Katerina, Tresset, Anne, Valdiosera, Cristina, van den Hurk, Youri, Van Poucke, Sophie, Vigne, Jean-Deni, Yanevich, Alexander, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, Triantafyllidis, Alexandro, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Schibler, Jörg, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Zeder, Melinda, Peters, Jori, Cucchi, Thoma, Bradley, Daniel G., Dobney, Keith, Burger, Joachim, Evin, Allowen, Girdland-Flink, Linu, Larson, Greger, Archaeology of Northwestern Europe, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Piperno, Dolores R., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Texas A&M University [College Station], Transplant Research Program [Boston, MA, USA], Boston Children's Hospital, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, University of York [York, UK], Stockholm University, Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Liverpool, HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Connaissance Organisation et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio di Paleontologia e Archeozoologia, Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', Roma, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Swine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Skin Pigmentation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gene flow, Domestication, ddc:590, BREEDS, DOMESTIC PIGS, HISTORY, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, INTROGRESSION, Europe, pigs, domestication, genomes, WILD, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeological evidence, SPREAD, Coat, Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, DNA, Ancient, General, ddc:930, Haplotype, DNA, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie, LONG, SIZE, 030104 developmental biology, domestication evolution gene flow Neolithic, WIAS
Abstract

International audience; Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic

Published
2019
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13. History of Anemia and Related Nutritional Deficiencies

Author

Clark Spencer Larsen, Kimberly D. Williams, Anastasia Papathanasiou, and Nicholas J. Meinzer

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Malnutrition, 060101 anthropology, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Anemia, medicine, 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, business, medicine.disease
Published
2018
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14. Diros in Context

Author

William A. Parkinson, Giorgos Papathanassopoulos, Daniel J. Pullen, Panagiotis Karkanas, Michael L. Galaty, and Anastasia Papathanasiou

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Promontory, Cave, Period (geology), Context (language use), Archaeology
Published
2018
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15. Neolithic Alepotrypa Cave in the Mani, Greece

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou, William A. Parkinson, Daniel J. Pullen, Michael L. Galaty, Panagiotis Karkanas, Anastasia Papathanasiou, William A. Parkinson, Daniel J. Pullen, Michael L. Galaty, and Panagiotis Karkanas

Subjects
Neolithic period--Greece
Abstract

Alepotrypa Cave at Diros Bay, Lakonia, Greece, is a massive karstic formation of consecutive chambers ending at a lake. The cave was excavated by G. Papathanassopoulos from 1970 to 2006. In conjunction with the surrounding area, it was used as a complementary habitation area, burial site, and place for ceremonial activity during the Neolithic c 6000 to 3200 BC. As a sealed, single-component, archaeological site, the Neolithic settlement complex of Alepotrypa Cave is one of the richest sites in Greece and Europe in terms of number of artifacts, preservation of biological materials, volume of undisturbed deposits, and horizontal exposure of archaeological surfaces of past human activity and this publication is an important contribution to ongoing archaeological research of the Neolithic Age in Greece in particular, but also in Anatolia, the Balkans and Europe in general. This edited volume offers a full scholarly interdisciplinary study and interpretation of the results of approximately 40 years of excavation and analysis. It includes numerous chemical analyses and a much needed long series of radiocarbon dates, the corresponding microstratigraphic, stratigraphic and ceramic sequence, the human burials, stone and bone tools, faunal and floral remains, isotopic analyses, specific locations of human activities and ceremonies inside the cave, as well as a site description and the history of the excavation conducted by G. Papathanasopoulos.

Published
2017

19. Alepotrypa Cave

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou

Subjects
geography, Paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cave, Range (biology), Geology
Published
2017
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20. Mycenaean Hierarchy and Gender Roles

Author

Michael P. Richards, Sari Miller-Antonio, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Evangelia Malapani, Sharon R. Stocker, Lynne A. Schepartz, Joanne M. A. Murphy, and Jack L. Davis

Subjects
Hierarchy, History, Inequality, Bronze Age, media_common.quotation_subject, Ancient history, Linguistics, media_common
Abstract

Mycenaean society of the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1675–1050 B.C.) Aegean world is well known as a hierarchical culture from its archaeology, mortuary patterns, and dietary structure. In particular, Mycenaean culture featured complex heterarchies in terms of class, sex, and gender. Skeletal remains from the major site of Pylos reveal some of the biocultural interplays within life and society. This study illustrates the benefits of integrating written records with multiple lines of paleopathological and isotopic data. Shepartz et al. identify mortuary treatments that serve as indicators of social differentiation in terms of at least two clear-cut macro-class distinctions. The analysis shows that the lower social strata possessed significantly poorer quality diets and that poor oral health was especially common among women. Those of high status evidently enjoyed greater access to protein as constructions of gender may have cross-cut vertical status differentiation.

Published
2017
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21. Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans

Author

P. J. P. McGeorge, Ron Pinhasi, Kristin Stewardson, Yannis Tzedakis, Manolis Michalodimitrakis, Alexander Peltzer, Yannis Maniatis, Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg, Daniel Fernandes, Cosimo Posth, Patrick A. Navas, Eleni Konsolaki-Yannopoulou, David Reich, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Holley Martlew, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Michael P. Richards, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos, Johannes Krause, Dimitra Lotakis, Andonis Vasilakis, George N. Korres, Swapan Mallick, Anja Furtwängler, George Stamatoyannopoulos, Mehmet Özsait, Nadin Rohland, Saskia Pfrengle, Robert Arnott, Iosif Lazaridis, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Jeffery R. Hughey, and Nesrin Özsait

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Chromosomes, Human, X, Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Greece, Steppe, Human Migration, Ancient history, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Geography, Bronze Age, Ethnicity, Humans, Mainland, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract

The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures have puzzled archaeologists for more than a century. We assembled genome-wide data from nineteen ancient individuals, including Minoans from Crete, Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, and their eastern neighbours from southwestern Anatolia. We show that Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least three quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean1,2, and most of the remainder from ancient populations like those of the Caucasus3 and Iran4,5. However, the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the hunter-gatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia6–8, introduced via a proximal source related to either the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe1,6,9 or Armenia4,9. Modern Greeks resemble the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the early Neolithic ancestry. Our results support the idea of continuity but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations.

Published
2016

22. Isotopic (13C, 15N) investigation of diet and social structure in Early Iron Age Halos, Greece

Author

Johannes van der Plicht, Fotini Tsiouka, Sofia Voutsaki, Eleni Panagiotopoulou, Elisavet Nikolaou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Greek Archaeology, and Isotope Research

Subjects
Prehistory, Animal protein, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Iron Age, 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Consumption (sociology), 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Demography
Abstract

This paper integrates the isotopic results on dietary variation with an in-depth contextual analysis of mortuary data from two Early Iron Age cemeteries in Halos, Thessaly, central Greece. While the diet was mainly based on C3 plant and animal protein, there is evidence for the consumption of C4 resources (millet) by a few females, but also increased meat consumption by some individuals, sometimes furnished with weapons or other wealthy offerings. In addition, infants, children and adults in the two cemeteries show a difference in δ15N values. The analysis therefore reveals possible emerging differentiation between age, sex and possibly status groups in a crucial period of Greek prehistory, after the disintegration of the Mycenaean palatial societies and the ensuing period of regression.

Published
2016

24. Health status of the Neolithic population of Alepotrypa Cave, Greece

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou

Subjects
Male, Paleopathology, Health Status, Population, Bone and Bones, Fractures, Bone, Cave, Age Determination by Skeleton, Osteoarthritis, medicine, Humans, Sex Ratio, education, History, Ancient, Demography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cultivated plant taxonomy, Osteology, Fossils, Sedentism, Anemia, Enamel hypoplasia, medicine.disease, Geography, Anthropology, Greece, Ancient, Female, Anatomy, Tooth, Porotic hyperostosis
Abstract

During the Neolithic, human health and lifestyle changed following the adoption of domesticated plants and animals and sedentism. This paper presents a study on human osteological remains from Alepotrypa Cave, an important and very well-preserved Late and Final Greek Neolithic site occupied from 5000-3200 BC. The Alepotrypa sample comes from primary and secondary burials as well as scattered bone, and consists of a minimum number of 161 individuals. It includes equal proportions of adults and subadults and males and females, is characterized by high child mortality, and falls within the range of other Neolithic sites in terms of age profiles and stature. The most frequent pathological conditions observed in this population are: 1) anemic conditions (cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis), mild or healed in manifestation, most probably of nutritional origin, resulting from a poor diet focused on terrestrial resources such as domesticated cereals; 2) osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal stress markers, indicative of increased physical activity and heavy workloads; and 3) elevated prevalence of healed, depressed cranial fractures, serving as evidence of violent, nonlethal confrontations. Teeth exhibit a low prevalence of dental carries and linear enamel hypoplasia. The overall demographic, pathological, and behavioral results are consistent with observations of Neolithic populations elsewhere in Greece and the Mediterranean.

Published
2005
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25. Bioarchaeological inferences from a Neolithic ossuary from Alepotrypa Cave, Diros, Greece

Author

Anastasia Papathanasiou, Clark Spencer Larsen, and Lynette Norr

Subjects
Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Water source, medicine.disease, Archaeology, Ossuary, Cave, Anthropology, Bioarchaeology, medicine, Domestication, Paleopathology, Geology, Porotic hyperostosis, Isotope analysis
Abstract

Alepotrypa Cave, one of the richest and best preserved Neolithic sites in Greece, was occupied by early farmers from ca. 5000 to 3200 BC. Study of human remains from this site contributes important information to the bioarchaeological record for this period. The remains are from the cave's Ossuary II, a secondary deposit containing the disarticulated remains of at least 20 individuals, including adults and sub-adults. A high frequency of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia suggests the presence of chronic iron deficiency anaemia. A combination of two possible factors could explain this situation, including reliance on an iron-deficient cereal diet, and presence of high pathogen and parasitic loads resulting from poor hygiene and contamination of the communal water source. These lesions may also be related to some type of inflammatory process. Some 31% of individuals display healed cranial depressed fractures, indicating evidence of violent (non-lethal) confrontations. Stable isotope analysis reveals a predominantly terrestrial C3 diet, with little evidence of marine food consumption, despite close proximity to coastal resources. The presence of various domesticated plants suggests that these C3 foods may have been agricultural. Moreover, a high frequency of dental caries is consistent with a diet involving significant carbohydrate consumption. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2000
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26. The State of Approaches to Archaeological Human Remains in Greece

Author

Sevi Triantaphyllou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, and Αnna Lagia

Subjects
Politics, Eastern mediterranean, Dual role, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, Bioarchaeology, Legislation, Biology, Archaeology, Curriculum, media_common
Abstract

In this chapter, we trace the development of anthropological approaches to human skeletal remains in Greece, from their inception in the late nineteenth century to the proliferation of bioarchaeological studies in the 1990s to the present. The early work of European scholars in the region and the educational background of the first Greek scholars introduced nineteenth and early twentieth century European anthropology to Greece and shaped research and educational agendas until the 1970s. Beginning in the late 1930s and lasting well into the 1980s, the fundamental research of J.L. Angel was disseminated in the eastern Mediterranean, establishing the basis for bioarchaeology. Following political changes in the 1970s, institutional advancements in Greece accelerated. The study of human skeletal remains, originally anchored in the medical sciences, entered the curricula of other University departments such as biology, history and ethnology and archaeology. The presence of independent scholars, often supported by foreign schools of archaeology, has resulted in important contributions to bioarchaeological research in Greece. The management of human skeletal remains, inextricably linked to that of other archaeological finds, should advance through acknowledgment of the dual role of human skeletal remains in research and through the establishment and operation of open access research institutions for the study of these finds.

Published
2014
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27. Inferences from the human skeletal material of the Early Iron Age cemetery at Agios Dimitrios, Fthiotis, Central Greece

Author

Konstantinos Beltsios, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Eleni Panagiotopoulou, Maria-Foteini Papakonstantinou, Maria Sipsi, and Greek Archaeology

Subjects
Archeology, education.field_of_study, Sexual differentiation, Stable isotopes, Early Iron Age, Greece, Osteology, Population, Biological potential, Biology, Infant mortality, Stable isotopes, Early Iron Age, Greece, Iron Age, Skeletal material, education, Demography, Isotope analysis
Abstract

The Geometric cemetery of Agios Dimitrios (850e740 B.C.) yielded a human osteological sample, with an MNI of 51 and equal numbers of males and females and adults and subadults. This site is of significant archaeological importance, as it provides information on human health status, diet, and activity patterns as well as mortuary behavior for a little studied time period. The results, including a) stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic data suggesting a C3 low-protein plant diet, b) relatively high infant mortality, c) low stature estimates, d) significant prevalence of possible anemic conditions, and e) high dental infection and loss rates, all point to a rapidly increasing, stressed, and relatively malnourished population which did not exploit nearby marine resources, experienced suboptimal living conditions, and could not reach its biological potential. Furthermore, the study of this group provides evidence of equal burial treatment of all age and sex categories, no dietary differences in terms of sex and status, and no sex differentiation in pathological conditions. Journal of Archaeological Science

Published
2013

29. Variability in Long Bone Growth Patterns and Limb Proportions within and Amongst Mesolithic and Neolithic Populations from Southeast Europe

Author

Ron Pinhasi, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Jay T. Stock, and Sofija Stefanović

Subjects
Bioarchaeological growth studies - skeletal samples from recen, 060101 anthropology, 060102 archaeology, Biological anthropology, Speleology, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Anthropological interest in growth patterns in archaeological samples - Johnston's study of Indian Knoll Native American population, Geography, Paleoanthropology, 0601 history and archaeology, Christian ministry, Montenegro, Mesolithic
Abstract

1 Department of Archaeology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland 2 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 3 Ephorate of Paleoanthropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture,11636 Athens, Greece 4 Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK

Published
2011

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