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Following the conclusion of World War II on September 2, 1945, the global community transitioned into a period characterized by both peace and accelerated progress. The advancements in the fields of finance, education, science, and medicine, particularly in Western societies, were predominantly spearheaded by the Anglo-Saxon nations, with the United States taking a prominent role. Then, the Anglo-Saxons, under the leadership of the United States, and the impact of the Anglo Saxons on business and the economy is a subject of considerable interest. In the present year of 2023, we are observing a significant shift in the Western nations that were formerly regarded as the dominant global powers. These nations, commonly referred to as the "Developed nations," including the G7, have experienced a substantial decline in their economic influence. Specifically, their collective economic share, which once accounted for 70 percent, has diminished to 30.7 percent over the course of the past three decades. In the year 2021, the emerging economies of the BRICS group have surpassed the overall market share. In light of the significant population percentages of 31.5 percent and 41 percent within the G7 group in 2022, it is pertinent to consider their ability to effectively respond to and capitalize on the emerging "new world order" of the 21st century. Given this context, a pertinent question arises: should Thailand persist in adhering to the Western world order? This essay aims to analyze the forthcoming developments and to examine the economic policies implemented by the G7 and BRICS groups, with a specific focus on their impact on the global economy as well as the economy of Thailand.

Abstract Creative self-concept, intimately intertwined with the personality traits and plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ behavioral tendencies. Personality traits are largely responsible to influence how people perceive and navigate their creative abilities and self-expression. Moreover, attitudes towards emotions are another key facet of one’s psychological landscape, impacting their inclination to perceive, process, and manage emotional experiences. Keeping this view, the present research attempts to explore the interconnectedness of creative self-concept, personality traits, and attitudes towards emotions among young adults, as well as focuses on exploring the predictors of creative self concept. For this purpose participants consisted of 200 young adults with a mean age of 21.20 years. Statistical outcomes revealed that creative self concept is a significant positive correlate of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, attitude towards sadness, and attitude towards fear. Additionally, stepwise multiple regression analysis confirmed that openness (R2 = 27%), neuroticism (R2 = 2%) and attitude towards sadness (R2 = 2%) emerged as the significant predictors of creative self concept. Findings from the current research concludes that for young adults to have self-perception in the realm of creativity, personality traits and attitude towards emotions are significant contributing factors. By recognizing and employing these connections, individuals, educators, counselors, and practitioners can contribute to the cultivation of creativity and personal development.

Purpose To explore the impact on mental health and quality of life among mothers following the diagnosis of mild or moderate autism in their child. Methods The study included 100 consecutive mothers with a defence background, each having a child aged 3 to 10 years diagnosed with mild to moderate autism. Participants were briefed about the study, and informed consent was obtained. A quantitative experimental design was employed, utilising the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief) to assess the mothers. Results The results indicated that mothers experienced moderate levels of anxiety (mean±standard deviation, 10±6.4) and stress (19±6.7), but lower levels of depression (11±7.7), as measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire. The WHOQOL-Brief revealed a moderate decline in psychological health (transformative [T]-score=38) and social relationships (T-score=31). However, satisfaction with their environment (T-score=75) and physical health (T-score=63) was higher, potentially due to their defence background, which may provide easier access to healthcare and improved living conditions. Conclusion Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder experience moderate levels of stress and anxiety, and low levels of depression. Additionally, they face a decline in their quality of life.

Objective: This study functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical procedure requiring minimal bleeding to optimize the surgical field. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate, lignocaine, and propofol in attenuating hemodynamic response. The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of these agents in reducing hemodynamic response. The secondary objectives included assessing the quality of the surgical field, recovery time, and total neuromuscular dose. Methods: We randomly allocated 105 patients scheduled for FESS into three groups: lignocaine, propofol, and magnesium sulfate. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded every 5 min for the first 30 min, followed by measurements every 10 min at the end of the procedure. Moreover, recovery time, total neuromuscular blocking dose, and surgical field score were noted upon completion of the procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using the number cruncher statistical systems version 9.0.8 software. Results: All three groups showed comparable hemodynamic response and surgical field scores. The recovery time was notably longer in the magnesium sulfate group [10.94 min (2.45)] than in the lignocaine [4.37 min (1.03)] [95% confidence interval (CI) -7.32, -5.83; P=0.000] and propofol groups [4.60 min (0.60)] (95% CI 5.60, 7.095; P=0.000). Moreover, the total neuromuscular blocking agent used was significantly lower in the magnesium sulfate group [5.89 mg (0.47)] than in the lignocaine [6.26 mg (0.56)] (95% CI 0.66, 0.03; P=0.035). Conclusion: Propofol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine exerted equal efficacy in attenuating hemodynamic responses during surgery and ensuring a satisfactory surgical field. However, magnesium sulfate led to significantly longer recovery timescompared withpropofol and lignocaine. In addition, magnesium sulfate required a significantly lower total dose of neuromuscular blocking agentsthan lignocaine.

Background The government of India ordered nationwide lockdown from March 25, 2020. There have been reports of domestic violence cases increasing generally. However, in the submerged portion of the iceberg, there are many victims who remain stuck with the wrongdoer and are unable to report. Objective The objective is to compare domestic violence among two independent groups of tribal women before and during the lockdown period in a sub-Himalayan district of India. Methodology Community-based analytical study with cross-sectional design (December 2019 and July 2020) was conducted among tribal women aged 15–49 years residing in the rural areas under four community development blocks of Siliguri, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Two groups of 60 women were selected before lockdown and during lockdown. The interview was conducted using the pretested predesigned schedule and the Indian family violence and control scale. Results The median score for violence through controlling behavior was equal (44.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 6.0]) in both groups. The median score for psychological violence (32.0 [IQR: 9.8]) and median score for physical violence (25.5 [IQR: 10.8]) was significantly higher in during the lockdown group. The median score for sexual violence was higher in during lockdown group (13.5 [IQR: 14.0]). The median score for violence in any form was significantly higher during lockdown (117.5 [IQR: 24.3]). Conclusion The present study depicted that the tribal women experienced comparatively higher domestic violence during the lockdown period.

Abstract Magnetic kagome materials provide a fascinating playground for exploring the interplay of magnetism, correlation and topology. Many magnetic kagome systems have been reported including the binary Fe m X n (X = Sn, Ge; m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) family and the rare earth RMn6Sn6 (R = rare earth) family, where their kagome flat bands are calculated to be near the Fermi level in the paramagnetic phase. While partially filling a kagome flat band is predicted to give rise to a Stoner-type ferromagnetism, experimental visualization of the magnetic splitting across the ordering temperature has not been reported for any of these systems due to the high ordering temperatures, hence leaving the nature of magnetism in kagome magnets an open question. Here, we probe the electronic structure with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a kagome magnet thin film FeSn synthesized using molecular beam epitaxy. We identify the exchange-split kagome flat bands, whose splitting persists above the magnetic ordering temperature, indicative of a local moment picture. Such local moments in the presence of the topological flat band are consistent with the compact molecular orbitals predicted in theory. We further observe a large spin-orbital selective band renormalization in the Fe $${{{{\rm{d}}}}}_{{xy}}+{{{{\rm{d}}}}}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$ d x y + d x 2 − y 2 spin majority channel reminiscent of the orbital selective correlation effects in the iron-based superconductors. Our discovery of the coexistence of local moments with topological flat bands in a kagome system echoes similar findings in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and provides a basis for theoretical effort towards modeling correlation effects in magnetic flat band systems.

Abstract Background Anaemia continues to be a pressing public health concern in India. Despite the high burden of anaemia among lactating adolescents in the country, research addressing this concern among this population remains scarce. Hence, this study attempted to examine the prevalence and determinants of anaemia among lactating adolescents in India. Methods We used data from three latest rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) carried out in 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21 and analysed a pooled sample of 10,689 lactating adolescents aged 15–19 years from these three rounds. Bivariate statistics was used to analyse the prevalence of anaemia according to the background characteristics of lactating adolescents. Further, binary multivariate logistic regression was carried out to examine the factors associated with anaemia in the study population. Results Three in every five lactating adolescents from the pooled sample were found to have anaemia (66.98% in NFHS-3, 61.08% in NFHS-4 and 66.27% in NFHS-5). Lactating adolescents with a higher education had a 30% lower likelihood [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–1.01, p = 0.050] of being anaemic compared to those with no education. The likelihood of being anaemic among the poorest quintile was 41% (AOR: 1.41, 1.12-1.77; p = 0.003) higher than those from the richest quintile. Lactating adolescents from the Scheduled Tribe category had higher odds (AOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.46, p = 0.001) of anaemia than those categorised as ‘Others’. Those living in rural areas were 22% more likely to suffer from anaemia (AOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26, p = 0.050) compared to their urban counterparts. Additionally, underweight lactating adolescents were 15% more likely (AOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26, p = 0.002) to be anaemic than those with normal BMI. Odds of being anaemic were higher among the ones receiving supplementary nutrition during pregnancy (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.29, p < 0.001) in contrast to those not receiving. Conclusion The consistently high prevalence of anemia among lactating adolescents, especially among those with lower education level, rural residence, underweight status, and belonging to ST category and poorest quintile, underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to address and reduce anemia in this population.

The current study presents mixed convective flow inside a square chamber holding a centrally placed and thermally conductive oscillating porous circular cylinder. The left boundary's temperature is kept larger than that of the right edge, and the horizontal edges are preserved at adiabatic settings. The circumferential speed of the cylinder is sinusoidal and oscillating in nature. The fluid region within the chamber is modeled employing 2D Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations. Furthermore, the fluid circulation and heat transmission within the porous cylinder are modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer formulation. The leading equations are discretized utilizing the Galerkin finite element technique. The parametric study is undertaken considering three distinct diameters of the porous cylinder and three distinct oscillation frequencies. The instant Nusselt number is evaluated along the heated wall, which varies in an oscillatory pattern owing to the repeated contraction and enlargement of the thermal boundary layer. The Nusselt number is averaged over time once the value becomes statistically stationary. The study is conducted within a mixed convection region with Reynolds (Re = 100), Richardson (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and Grashof (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105) numbers. Upon thorough examination, it becomes clear that the system's thermal performance shows promising improvement with the largest cylinder diameter and the lowest oscillation frequency. Specifically, the average Nusselt number shows a maximum improvement of 21.50 % at the largest cylinder diameter.

Abstract In this paper, we have presented a power law cosmological model and its dynamical system analysis in $$f(T,\phi )$$ f ( T , ϕ ) gravity, where T is the torsion scalar and $$\phi $$ ϕ is the canonical scalar field. The two well-motivated forms of the non-minimal coupling function $$F(\phi )$$ F ( ϕ ) , the exponential form and the power law form, with exponential scalar field potential, are investigated. The dynamical system analysis is performed by establishing the dimensionless dynamical variables, and the critical points were obtained. The evolution of standard density parameters is analysed for each case. The behaviour of the equation of state (EoS) and deceleration parameter agree with the result of recent cosmological observations. The model parameters are constrained using the existence and the stability conditions of the critical points describing different epochs of the evolution of the Universe.

Abstract Background Thyroid gland is the largest and most vascular structure among the endocrine glands. The recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve are closely related to the thyroid gland; these nerves control voice and are vital in breathing. Anatomical preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the gold standard in thyroid surgery. Visual identification of RLN has decreased the rates of permanent RLN palsy during thyroid and parathyroid operations. Prior knowledge about the branching patterns will help in predicting and preventing injury to the nerve during thyroid surgery. Aim and objectives The aim of the study is to observe the terminal branching pattern of recurrent laryngeal nerve before its entry into the larynx. Methods An observational study with 50 participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. After a complete evaluation and pre-anaesthetic checkup, the patients were operated and intraoperative findings of RLN branching were recorded and compared for the study. Results In our study, out of the 50 patients who underwent thyroid surgery during the course of the study, right-sided RLN branching was demonstrated in 25 patients (21 right hemithyroidectomy and 4 total thyroidectomy). Ten patients had RLN bifurcation, 7 had trifurcation, 5 had numerous branches, and 3 with no branching pattern were noted. Similarly, out of 29 patients (25 left hemithyroidectomy and 4 total thyroidectomy) in whom left-sided RLN branching was studied, bifurcation was seen in 10 patients, trifurcation in 12 patients, and multiple branching was observed in 7. Conclusion The anatomical variations seen in RLN may increase the risk of vocal cord palsy due to its injury. Anatomical variations are categorized according to the original direction of the RLN and the number of terminal branches in the larynx. This classification aids in the identification and preservation of its branches, hence facilitating a safer thyroidectomy.

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is an aggressive skin cancer characterized by a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis. While surgical excision is the primary treatment, unraveling the molecular intricacies of SGC is imperative for advancing targeted therapeutic interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review delves into the molecular landscape of eyelid SGC, emphasizing key genetic alterations, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic targets. Significant findings include aberrations in critical signaling pathways (β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor, hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, and P21WAF1) associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis. Notably, eyelid SGC manifests a distinctive mutational profile, lacking ultraviolet signature mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), indicating alternative mutagenic mechanisms. Next-generation sequencing identifies actionable mutations in genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), facilitating the emergence of personalized medicine approaches. Molecular chaperones, specifically X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and BAG3, emerge as pivotal players in promoting tumor survival and proliferation. The review underscores the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, where regulators like E-cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2 contribute to SGC aggressiveness. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, further elucidate the molecular landscape. This review consolidates a comprehensive understanding of the molecular drivers of eyelid SGC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and providing a foundation for future investigations in diagnostic, prognostic, and personalized treatment strategies for this formidable malignancy.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by comorbidities such as epilepsy and behavioral problems. The interplay between epilepsy, behavior, and language suggests a potential role for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in managing ASD-related behavioral issues. Despite some preliminary studies indicating possible benefits, the evidence remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AEDs in managing behavioral issues in individuals with ASD. Methodology: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and others) for double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Inclusion criteria focused on individuals with ASD exhibiting behavioral problems, with or without EEG abnormalities, treated with AEDs. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was focused on investigating the efficacy of AEDs in improving behavioral symptoms, predominantly irritability, and aggression. We also investigated the safety profiles of the AEDs. Results: Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria, involving AEDs such as valproate, levetiracetam, and topiramate. Two RCTs were excluded due to incompatible outcome measures. Meta-analysis of the remaining five RCTs showed no significant difference in the reduction of aggression and irritability between AEDs and placebo, with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the nonsignificance and high heterogeneity (I2 = 87%). Adverse effects commonly reported included insomnia and weight gain. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found no significant benefit of AEDs in managing behavioral symptoms of ASD compared to placebo, consistent with previous findings. The high heterogeneity and methodological limitations highlight the need for more robust and larger-scale studies. Future research should consider the role of electroencephalography abnormalities and standardize outcome measures to better evaluate the potential of AEDs in this population or in a specific subgroup of ASD.

Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that arise due to the proliferation of blood vessels. They can occur anywhere in the body but rarely occur in the neck. They are broadly classified into capillary and cavernous hemangioma. Here, we present a case of a 53-year-old female who presented to our outpatient department with swelling on the right side of the neck for 3 years with a recent increase in size associated with tingling, numbness, and pain in the right shoulder radiating to the arms and fingers for 6 months. Imaging studies suggested the diagnosis of right cervical hemangioma. After two failed sclerotherapy attempts, surgical excision of the mass was performed. Histopathology was suggestive of venous hemangioma.

Background: Prediction of preeclampsia in first trimester can lead to early initiation of preventative measures, as well as timely therapeutic intervention, that will prevent the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study, prediction of preeclampsia at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation, was conducted by using serum placental growth factor (PlGF), serum pregnancy associated plasma protein – A (PAPP-A), uterine artery Doppler indices, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), in low-risk pregnant women. Methods: It is an observational longitudinal prospective study. Pregnant women with singleton pregnancies of gestational age 11-13+6 weeks were recruited. MAP, bilateral uterine artery Doppler indices, serum PAPP-A, and PlGF were measured. The follow-up of the patients was regularly done till termination of pregnancy and incidence of preeclampsia were noted. Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square/Fisher exact test, and sensitivity and specificity of each test were analyzed. Result: Among 139 women, 27 (19%) developed preeclampsia, out of which 10 had early preeclampsia and 17 developed late preeclampsia. By combining all the parameters, the sensitivity in detecting early preeclampsia was found to be 70% and for late preeclampsia cases, 64.7%. The sensitivity of all the parameters in predicting cases of preeclampsia in general is 66.7%, specificity is 74.1%, PPV is 38.3%, and NPV is 72%. Conclusion: The maternal biomarkers serum PAPP-A, serum PlGF, uterine artery PI, MAP have sensitivity of 70% in detecting early preeclampsia cases and for late preeclampsia cases, 64.71%, in first trimester and it will help in early initiation of preventative measures as well as timely therapeutic intervention.

Abstract Business enterprises are complex adaptive systems (CAS) subject to fragility caused by the non-linear effects of uncertain risk events. The regional bank collapses in the United States are a case in point. Recent papers have highlighted a shortcoming of the traditional risk management process, which focuses on compliance but considers neither the interdependence between complex risks nor the mechanism of their non-linear impact on the organization. A new perspective on Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has instead called for a shift of mindset from mitigating risk to building resilience by honing a CAS view to contextualize, assess, and manage complex risks. But the building blocks needed for a CAS representation of ERM have not yet been systematically developed. Specifically, we are missing a typological inventory of risks and a mapping of risks onto the general structure of an enterprise. In this paper, we build an industry-agnostic inventory of plausible risk factors using information extraction on large scale text data. Additionally, we develop an understanding of risk-function and function-function interdependencies through a survey of top business managers. The result is a novel complex network view of enterprise risk called a Quantified Risk Network (QRN) that displays small-world properties and highlights internal company functions central to non-linear risk propagation mechanisms within the enterprise. The QRN draws attention to vulnerabilities in the enterprise structure such as risk-function connections measured by Edge Betweenness centrality. The generic QRN developed herein is a proof of concept and we advocate that enterprises build their own company-specific QRNs to identify highly connected and central functions in their company structure that could lead to cascading failure when specific risks arise. QRNs can contribute to the objective of building enterprise resilience.

Statement of the Problem: During endodontic therapy, irrigation solutions applied in the root canal may affect the physicochemical properties of the dentinal wall, thereby changing its microhardness. This may adversely affect the sealing ability and adhesion of dental materials. Therefore, many studies have focused on the search for an ideal root canal irrigant that has a minimal effect on dentinal microhardness.Purpose: This in vitro study was conducted to determine the changes in dentin microhardness after root canal irrigation with different endodontic irrigants.Materials and Method: Ninety-five freshly extracted maxillary central incisor teeth with straight single canals were selected. These teeth were sectioned transversely at the level of the cementoenamel junction. The working length of each tooth was determined, and canal space was prepared by the HyFlex CM rotary file system. During instrumentation, normal saline was used for irrigation. Then, teeth were split longitudinally into two segments. According to the irrigating solution employed, samples were divided into five groups (n=19): normal saline (Group A), 3% sodium hypochlorite (Group B), 2% chlorhexidine (Group C), 5% calcium hypochlorite (Group D), and 0.2% nanochitosan (Group E).3 mL of the corresponding irrigating solution was administered for total15 minutes in each prepared sample. The Vickers micro-hardness tester was then used to assess micro-hardness. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: All tested irrigating solutions decreased the dentinal microhardness. Samples irrigated with 5% calcium hypochlorite demonstrated dentinal microhardness of 42.43± 1.62, which is the lowest among all the tested groups, followed by nano chitosan, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine. Samples treated with control group (saline) demonstrated the maximum microhardness of dentin in the present study.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this research, it can be concluded that the tested novel irrigating solutions, 5% calcium hypochlorite and 0.2% nanochitosan, were more detrimental to radicular dentin microhardness when compared with conventional endodontic irrigants.

Abstract Purpose To assess the potential benefit of impregnating Merocel (a non‐absorbable nasal dressing) with a topical steroid solution, for use as a direct and slow local delivery system of steroids after sinus surgery to improve postoperative wound healing. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis were subjected to functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Following the completion of the surgery, Merocel packs were inserted in the bilateral nasal cavities and infiltrated with 4 mL triamcinolone (40 mg/mL) in one nasal cavity (treatment group) and 4 mL normal saline in the other (control group). Nasal packs were removed on the third postoperative day and postoperative healing assessment was done on postoperative Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 12. The findings were noted as per Lund Kennedy (LKES) and perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scores and compared on both sides. Results Significant (P

Neuropsychological disorders (e.g., dementia, epilepsy, brain cancer, autism, stroke, and multiple sclerosis) adversely affect the quality of life of patients and their families; moreover, in some instances, they may lead to loss of life. The primary aim was to evaluate and compare the use of machine learning in neuropsychological research in contrast to traditional approaches such as through case studies. This was achieved by referring to earlier studies on this subject. This article presented the use of support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting and predicting neuropsychological diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Challenges in using these models include data availability, quality, variability, model interpretability, and validation. Experimental findings have demonstrated the potential of these models in this field. It has been shown that SVM models are robust and efficient in processing and classifying data, particularly in neuroimaging applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CNNs have excelled in handling visual input; thus, they have been used in neuroimaging segregation, recognition, and classification, with applications in brain tumor segmentation, radiation therapy, robotic neurosurgery, and disease prediction. Future research will explore asymmetric differences among left- and right-handed patients, incorporate longitudinal studies, and utilize larger sample sizes. The use of machine learning models has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychological diseases, allowing for early detection and intervention. This approach could offer significant advantages to healthcare, such as cost-effective diagnosis and treatment, to help save lives and preserve the quality of life of patients.

This study focused on utilizing cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite in optical sensor applications to detect high humidity conditions and determine water concentration in ethanol. We focused on the composite’s effectiveness in moisture absorption to demonstrate visual color change. We demonstrated that the different molecular weights of PVA significantly affect CNC’s chiral nematic structure and moisture absorption capability. PVA with molecular weight 88 k–97 k exhibited the disintegration of its chiral nematic structure at 30 wt%, whereas low molecular weight PVA (n~1750) showed no structural disintegration even at 100 wt% concentration when analyzed through UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further, the thermal crosslinking of the CNC-PVA composite showed no significant loss of moisture sensitivity for all molecular weights of the PVA. We observed that the addition of PVA to the sulfated CNC obtained from sulfuric acid hydrolysis did not facilitate moisture absorption significantly. A CNC-PVA sensor was developed which can detect high humidity with 2 h. of exposure time. 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-piperidinyloxy oxidized CNC (TEMPO-CNC) having carboxylic functionality was also used to prepare the CNC-PVA composite films for comparing the effect of functional groups on moisture sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrated a facile method for utilizing the composite as an optical sensor to detect water concentration in ethanol efficiently; thus, it can be used in polar organic solvent dehydration applications.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a common complication among diabetic patients. Diabetes is prone to multiple complications related to microvascular, macrovascular, and metabolic etiologies. Diabetic foot ulcers can ultimately lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death. Methods: This is a prospective observational study, that was carried out on 100 adult patients between July 2022 and January 2023 diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer, treated at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital. Inclusion criteria were all patients aged above 18 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with peripheral vascular disease not arising due to diabetes, patients with varicose veins, and patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or immunocompromised and in sepsis. Routine blood investigation, blood sugar levels, and liver function test were done. Specific investigation including discharge from wound/biopsy for culture, urine routine, x- ray of foot and doppler studies was done. The patient underwent standard surgical procedure and was followed up. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software. Results: The data collected were analyzed and documented. In our study, we noted that male cases were about 64% and female cases were about 36%, and the ratio of male:female is 1.7. The maximum number of cases were observed in the age group of more than 65 years, and the most common site of involvement was right foot. Conservative treatment involved diabetes control with drugs and insulin followed by wound management by dressing, debridement, amputation, and split skin grafts. Conclusion: Foot ulcer is preventable, and relatively simple interventions can reduce the risk of amputations by 80%. Management is primarily concerned about wound healing, and stopping the spread of infection, this is achieved by various methods such as split skin grafting, amputations, and conservative methods like dressing.

Abstract Botanicals from Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Basil, Rosemary and other medicinal plants have been analysed as potential replacements of chemical pesticides as they are effective and non-hazardous to the environment. The bioactive components thiophene is present in large amount in Tagetes sp. which have a wide range of biocidal properties. In this study the crude extracts of different parts of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula were obtained by Soxhlet extraction method. The leaf extracts were subjected to GC–MS to identify their components and to confirm the presence of thiophenes. Two major disastrous crop pests namely, Spodoptera litura and Corcyra cephalonica belongs to Order Lepidoptera, Family Noctuidae and Pyralidae were used for the experimental study. The effect of bioactive extract was tested by direct and indirect methods for their larvicidal effect. The S. litura larvae was allowed to feed on castor leaves coated with spraying different concentrations of methanolic sample extracts as indirect method. In the direct spraying method, the S. litura and C. cephalonica larvae were sprayed with low and high concentrations of crude sample extracts of both T. patula and T. erecta. Significant decrease in larval activity and survival rate within 24 h to 48 h were recorded for both the methods. The trials were performed using variousvolumes from 10 to 1000 µl to check larvicidal activity. The roots and stem extracts of T. erecta for 25 µl kill 100% larvae within 24 h whereas 50 µl of T. patula flowers, roots and stem extract effectively kill only 50% of the larvae in 48 h. A mini nursery evaluation were conducted by direct spraying method on larvae growing on jowar saplings, which displayed 100% mortality of larvae within 24 h for 25 µl of T. erecta leaf and flower extracts and T. patula flower extract. From these trials, it can be inferred that the extracts of T. patula and T. erecta provided effective outcomes as larvicides of S. litura and C. cephalonica.

Abstract The outcome of CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome modifications is dependent on DNA double-strand break (DSB) processing and repair pathway choice. Homology-directed repair (HDR) of protein-blocked DSBs requires DNA end resection that is initiated by the endonuclease activity of the MRE11 complex. Using reconstituted reactions, we show that Cas9 breaks are unexpectedly not directly resectable by the MRE11 complex. In contrast, breaks catalyzed by Cas12a are readily processed. Cas9, unlike Cas12a, bridges the broken ends, preventing DSB detection and processing by MRE11. We demonstrate that Cas9 must be dislocated after DNA cleavage to allow DNA end resection and repair. Using single molecule and bulk biochemical assays, we next find that the HLTF translocase directly removes Cas9 from broken ends, which allows DSB processing by DNA end resection or non-homologous end-joining machineries. Mechanistically, the activity of HLTF requires its HIRAN domain and the release of the 3′-end generated by the cleavage of the non-target DNA strand by the Cas9 RuvC domain. Consequently, HLTF removes the H840A but not the D10A Cas9 nickase. The removal of Cas9 H840A by HLTF explains the different cellular impact of the two Cas9 nickase variants in human cells, with potential implications for gene editing.

Crackers, a widely consumed category of flour-based baked snacks, are experiencing a growing trend of incorporating functional ingredients. Gracilaria tenuistipitata is a widely cultivated tropical red seaweed in Bangladesh, yet it remains unexplored in both the food industries and research despite its promising nutritional benefits. The study aims to assess the physicochemical qualities, sensory evaluation, and microbial quality determination of G. tenuistipitata seaweed powder incorporated crackers as a nutritional supplement. Three formulations were used: control (0 % seaweed powder), T1 (1 % seaweed powder), and T2 (2 % seaweed powder). The seaweed-incorporated crackers exhibited better sensory acceptability compared to the control. With an increasing seaweed percentage, cracker color, hardness, and overall acceptability were improved in T1. Meanwhile, the proximate analysis revealed a significant rise (p

Pesticide residue monitoring in river water is obligatory for their negative ecotoxicological consequences. The current-use pesticides (CUPs) include a diverse range of synthetic pesticides registered by regulatory bodies worldwide as an alternative to the banned organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Nowadays, CUPs are preferred for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes due to their low persistence and moderate toxicity. This work aimed to optimize a rapid, sensitive salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) method for the simultaneous determination of seven multi-class CUPs. An optimized dose of C18, GCB, and PSA was employed to facilitate an effective and commercially viable clean-up for routine analysis of pesticide residues, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The optimized SALLME method showed good repeatability and reproducibility, along with low LOD and LOQ values, according to the SANTE/11,312/2021 guidelines. The method validation parameters confirmed the applicability of the optimized SALLME method for trace-level residue analysis in river water. The core advantages of the validated method are: • The method follows simple steps and is cost-effective for the routine analysis of multi-class pesticide residues in river water. • The analytical method is simple and highly sensitive; this could be extended to detect and quantify other pesticides depending on their physicochemical properties.

Summary: Background: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) c-Rel is a psoriasis susceptibility locus, however mechanisms underlying c-Rel transactivation during disease are poorly understood. Inflammation in psoriasis can be triggered following Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling in dendritic cells (DCs), and c-Rel is a critical regulator of DC function. Here, we studied the mechanism of TLR7-induced c-Rel-mediated inflammation in DCs. Methods: The overall expression of c-Rel was analysed in skin sections from patients with psoriasis in human transcriptomics datasets as well as the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. The function of c-Rel in DCs following TLR7 stimulation was determined by c-Rel CRISPR/Cas9 knockout DC2.4 immortalised cells and primary bone marrow derived dendritic cells from c-Rel knockout C57BL6/J mice. Findings: c-Rel is highly expressed in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis and TLR7-induced psoriatic lesions in mice. c-Rel deficiency protected mice from the disease, and specifically compromised TLR7-induced, and not TLR9- or TLR3-induced, inflammation in dendritic cells. Mechanistically, c-Rel deficiency disrupted activating NF-κB dimers and allowed binding of inhibitory NF-κB homodimers to the IL-1β and IL-6 promoters thus inhibiting their expression. This functionally compromises the ability of c-Rel deficient DCs to induce Th17 polarisation, which is critical in psoriasis pathogenesis. Interpretation: Our findings reveal that c-Rel is a key regulator of TLR7-mediated dendritic cell-dependent inflammation, and that targeting c-Rel-dependent signalling could prove an effective strategy to dampen excessive inflammation in TLR7-related skin inflammation. Funding: A complete list of funding sources that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.

In this study, a novel Ni46.8Fe23Co10V7(Al, Si)6.6 compositionally complex alloy (Ni-CCA) has been designed by merging the CALPHAD approach with the theoretical concepts (enthalpy of mixing, atomic radius mismatch parameter, valence electron concentration (VEC), and pair sigma forming elements (PSFE)). The theoretical analysis and the CALPHAD modeling predict the formation of a single FCC phase at room temperature along with the absence of TCP phases in the designed Ni-CCA. Subsequently, the pseudo-binary phase diagram obtained from Thermo-Calc through the latest HEA database predicts the presence of newer strengthening ordered phases containing Ni-Al-Si at elevated temperatures in Ni-CCA. Microstructural characterization of as-cast Ni-CCA displayed the formation of γ-FCC phase dominated microstructure containing a minor fraction of BCC phase at room temperature whereas high-temperature compression depicted synergistic precipitation of Ni-Al-Si containing L12 type precipitate and dynamic recovery/recrystallization events during deformation leading to a marginal drop in yield strength (YS) at 800 °C. Moreover, the formation of necklace microstructure in a deformed specimen confirms the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in novel Ni-CCA.

The current agricultural practices make the sector the single largest contributor to overall GHG emissions thus contributing to the global climate crisis. Irish farmers are required to reduce total agricultural emissions by 25% by 2030 to mitigate the emissions. This study investigates the mitigation of on-farm GHG emissions for tillage and horticulture sector with regards to farmers’ experiences, practices, and challenges under the climate risks. It also analyses farmers’ willingness to engage in emission mitigation practices such as adoption of smart farming technologies (SFT) of low-cost sensors for environmental monitoring. In addition, identifying key farmer attitudes and variables influencing adoption of the SFT. Questionnaires were administered to farmers (n = 53) across Ireland, augmented with agricultural experts’ interviews. The data obtained was subjected to exploratory data analysis to analyse patterns. This was followed by latent attitude analysis with Latent Class Analysis (LCA) model to reveal underlying attitudes influencing adoption of the SFT. Finally, a backward stepwise regression analysis was undertaken to determine significant (p < 0.05) factors in the farmer’ experiences, practices and challenges that influence their latent attitudes. The farmers have multiple experiences and challenges with their farming practices including high acknowledgement of climate impact on production (76%) and limited awareness of GHG emission sources (10%). They also practice among others use of fertilizer (67%) and pesticides (67%). Nevertheless, they showed willingness to monitor local environmental conditions (67%) including on-farm carbon footprint (CF) measurements (62%). The farmers exhibited three types of attitudes, production orientation (21%), smart farming orientation (30%), and organic farming orientation (49%).

Abstract. Introduction:. Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs), such as chronic low back pain (cLBP) and fibromyalgia, frequently cooccur and incur substantial healthcare costs. However, to date, much focus has been placed on individual anatomically based chronic pain conditions, whereas little is known about the mechanisms underlying progression to multiple (more than 1) COPCs. This study aims to address the gap by investigating the role of common and modifiable risk factors, specifically sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances, in the development of multiple COPCs. Methods:. The study will enroll 300 participants with cLBP, including 200 with cLBP only and 100 with cLBP plus other COPCs (ie, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic headaches) and follow them up for 12 months. Sleep and circadian rhythms will be assessed using wireless sleep electroencephalography, 24-hour evaluation of the rhythm of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, actigraphy, and sleep diaries. Pain amplification using quantitative sensory testing, psychological distress using validated self-report measures, and the number of pain sites using a pain body map will also be assessed. Perspectives:. This research aims to (1) comprehensively characterize sleep/circadian disturbances in individuals with single and multiple COPCs using multimodal in-home assessments; (2) examine the associations between sleep/circadian disturbances, changes in pain amplification, and psychological distress; and (3) investigate the relationship among these factors and the progression in the number of pain sites, a proxy for multiple COPCs. The findings will provide insights into the mechanisms leading to multiple COPCs, potentially informing treatment and prevention strategies for these complex conditions.

Designing sustainable agricultural models is imperative to enhance farm productivity, and soil health with minimum ecological footprints. Therefore, three cropping systems viz., maize-mustard (M-Mus), maize + cowpea-mustard (M + C-Mus), pigeon pea-wheat (PP-W) were tested under four production scenarios viz., integrated organic management (IOM), integrated crop management (ICM), conventional system (CS), and conservation agriculture (CA) for three consecutive years (2018–2021) to find out the productive, soil supportive, and eco-efficient production model. The ICM recorded significantly higher system productivity i.e. 12107, 12889, and 12866 kg ha−1 during 2018–19, 2019–20, and 20–21 over other production system, respectively. Among the cropping systems, the PP-W system registered the maximum system productivity of 12007.0 kg ha−1 during 2018–19, 11899 kg ha−1 in 2019–20, and 12247 kg ha−1 during 20–21. This led to ∼15% higher average system productivity over the maize-mustard system. Nutrient (N, P, and K) acquisition was the highest by the M + C-Mus system followed by the PP-W system. All soil biological indicators considerably improved under IOM followed by ICM across the soil profile after three years. Cultivation of the PP-W system under IOM registered the highest energy use efficiency (73.24). Concerning the eco-efficiency index (EEI), cultivation of PP-W under the IOM production scenario registered ∼ 2.85 times higher EEI (0.20 US$ MJ−1) over the M-Mus cropping under CS. Thus, findings inferred that legume-embedded systems under either IOM or ICM production scenarios are sustainable production models for fetching higher profitability with minimum environmental impact under semi-arid regions.

Despite the recognized efficacy of immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) in skill learning, the design of iVR-based learning units by subject matter experts (SMEs) based on target requirements is severely restricted. This is partly due to a lack of flexible ways of authoring instruction flows to arrange the learning activities in alignment with the desired learning objectives. Our research provides a workflow design enabling SMEs to author the flow of learning activities developed by the Virtual Reality (VR) developers, with an aim to enable learners achieve desired goals progressively in a virtual environment. Additionally, this outcome-oriented flow authoring utilizes a scalable learning framework that categorizes learning activities into four instructional phases: Introduction, Presentation, Practice, and Application. Such frameworks can be easily integrated into the instruction to plan a class or a series of classes to cover an entire concept or chapter. Using a welding use case, our user study evaluation with 12 experienced welders indicated positive ratings about the usefulness of such workflows for flexible planning of training scenarios. We envision adoption of such methods could facilitate greater and more efficient adoption of the iVR technologies in pedagogical settings.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane proteins in metazoans that mediate the regulation of various physiological responses to discrete ligands through heterotrimeric G protein subunits. The existence of GPCRs in plant is contentious, but their comparable crucial role in various signaling pathways necessitates the identification of novel remote GPCR-like proteins that essentially interact with the plant G protein α subunit and facilitate the transduction of various stimuli. In this study, we identified three putative GPCR-like proteins (OsGPCRLPs) (LOC_Os06g09930.1, LOC_Os04g36630.1, and LOC_Os01g54784.1) in the rice proteome using a stringent bioinformatics workflow. The identified OsGPCRLPs exhibited a canonical GPCR ‘type I’ 7TM topology, patterns, and biologically significant sites for membrane anchorage and desensitization. Cluster-based interactome mapping revealed that the identified proteins interact with the G protein α subunit which is a characteristic feature of GPCRs. Computational results showing the interaction of identified GPCR-like proteins with G protein α subunit and its further validation by the membrane yeast-two-hybrid assay strongly suggest the presence of GPCR-like 7TM proteins in the rice proteome. The absence of a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) box in the C- terminal domain, and the presence of signature motifs of canonical GPCR in the identified OsGPCRLPs strongly suggest that the rice proteome contains GPCR-like proteins that might be involved in signal transduction.

BackgroundThe researchers have used mobile phones to assist in monitoring, analyzing, and managing moods to acquire insight into mood patterns. There is a lack of evidence in their use as clinical tools and interventions, which necessitates a comprehensive review and quality assessment to understand barriers and facilitators for app implementation as an impactful clinical intervention. ObjectiveThis review aims to (1) provide an overview of the recent evidence on mobile mood-monitoring apps that are intended for facilitating self-management and support of mental health in children, adolescents, and young people; and (2) investigate the quality of publicly available apps. MethodsThe study will first involve a scoping review of the literature on mood-monitoring apps for children, adolescents, and young people followed by an evaluation of features of the apps available in the marketplace. The scoping review will follow the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines and search 6 databases— Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and Springer LNCS—for relevant studies and reviews published in the last 3 years. The author will then screen the references, extract data from the included studies, and analyze them to synthesize the evidence on mood apps. Next, the Apple App Store and Google Play Store will be searched for mood apps. A total of 2 independent reviewers will screen the apps based on eligibility criteria, and disagreements will be resolved through consensus. The features of the selected apps will then be evaluated using the Mobile Health Index and Navigation framework, and descriptive analysis will be used to synthesize the findings. ResultsLiterature search and screening began soon after submission of the protocol and is expected to be completed by September 2024. The app evaluation will be completed by October 2024. ConclusionsCombined, the scoping literature review and app evaluation will provide an in-depth overview of the most recent scientific evidence related to mood apps and the quality of apps actually available for use. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/56400

Background: The study focuses on a comparative analysis of essential oils derived from two species of the Anaphalis genus, namely Anaphalis busua and Anaphalis margaritacea, collected at varying elevations in the hilly terrain of Uttarakhand. The investigation aims to explore the phytochemical composition, conduct in silico molecular docking studies, and evaluate ADMET properties of the essential oils to understand their potential bioactivity. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the whole plants using the hydrodistillation method, and GC–MS was employed for compound identification. A total of 31 compounds were identified in A. busua and 32 in A. margaritacea, constituting 87.86 % and 87.83 % of the total composition, respectively. Major compounds included isocaryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, geranyl-α-terpinene, α-pinene, γ-muurolene, δ-cadinene, humulene, and copaene. Results: Molecular docking studies were conducted using PyRx software on ten notable compounds as ligands, targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and human peroxiredoxin 5 to assess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Isocaryophyllene, with concentrations of 14.07 % (A. busua) and 17.82 % (A. margaritacea), exhibited significant binding affinities of -5.7 and -7.2 kcal/mol against 1HD2 and 4COX, respectively. Conclusion: The research provides valuable insights into the chemical composition of essential oils from Anaphalis plants and validates their bioactive potential through in silico analysis. Isocaryophyllene emerges as a key compound with noteworthy binding affinities, emphasizing its importance in the medicinal and pharmacological applications of essential oils derived from A. busua and A. margaritacea. The results enhance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of Anaphalis essential oils, opening avenues for future research in natural products and drug discovery.

Genotyping is the process of determining the genetic makeup of an organism by examining its DNA sequences using various genetic markers. It has been widely used in various fields, such as agriculture, biomedical and conservation research, to study genetic diversity, inheritance, the genetic basis of disease-associated traits, evolution, adaptation, etc., Genotyping markers have evolved immensely and are broadly classified as random markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, etc.) and functional markers (SCoT, CDDP, SRAP, etc.). However, functional markers are very limited in genotype studies, especially in animal science, despite their advantages in overcoming the limitations of random markers, which are directly linked with phenotypic traits, high specificity, and similar logistic requirements. The current review surveyed the available random and functional markers for genotyping applications, focusing on livestock including plant and microbe domains. This review article summarises the application, advantages, and limitations of developed markers and methods for genotyping applications. This review aims to make the reader aware of all available markers, their design principles, and methods, and we discuss the marker inheritance patterns of RLFP and AFLP. The review further outlines the marker selection for particular applications and endorses the application of functional markers in genotyping research.

Abstract In the present scenario, obesity is a challenging health problem and its prevalence along with comorbidities are on the rise around the world. Ingestion of fish becomes trendy in daily meals. Recent research has shown that marine fish oil (FO) (found in tuna, sardines, and mackerel) may offer an alternative method for reducing obesity and problems associated with it. Marine FO rich in long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n‐3 PUFA) and long‐chain omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n‐6 PUFA) plays an important role in reducing abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome and has a variety of disease‐fighting properties, including cardioprotective activity, anti‐atherosclerotic, anti‐obesity, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory activity. Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that LC n‐3 PUFA potentially elicit a number of effects which might be useful for reducing obesity, including suppression of appetite, improvements in circulation, enhanced fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and reduced fat deposition. This review discusses the interplay between inflammation and obesity, and their subsequent regulation via the beneficial role of marine FO, suggesting an alternative dietary strategy to ameliorate obesity and obesity‐associated chronic diseases.

Background and purpose: The impact of respiratory motion management strategies for abdominal radiotherapy, such as abdominal compression (AC) and breath hold (BH), on abdominal organ at risk (OAR) delineation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. This feasibility study compared the inter- and intra- observer delineation variation on MRI acquired with AC, BH for three critical abdominal OAR. Materials and methods: T2-weighted (W) 3D MRI in free-breathing (FB) and with AC, and T1W 3D mDixon exhale BH were acquired. Four observers blinded to motion management strategy used, delineated stomach, liver, and duodenum on all MRI. One case per strategy was repeated over 6 weeks later to quantify intra-observer variation. Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) contours for each OAR were generated, median and IQR mean distance to agreement (mDTA) and maximum Hausdorff distance (HD) between observer and STAPLE contours were calculated. Observers scored organ visibility on each MRI using a four-point Likert scale. Results: A total of 27 scans including repeats were delineated. Pooled mDTA for all OARs was 1.3 mm (0.5 mm) with AC, 1.4 mm (1.0 mm) with BH, and 1.3 mm (0.5 mm) in FB. Intra-observer mDTA was highest for all organs in FB with 10.8 mm for duodenum, 1.8 mm for liver, and 2.7 mm for stomach. The pooled mean perceptual quality score value was highest for AC across organs. Conclusions: No motion management strategy demonstrated superior similarity across OAR, emphasizing the need for personalised approaches based on individual clinical and patient factors.

Introduction The National Early Warning Score (NEWS/2) system was developed to enable the detection and early intervention of patients at risk of clinical deterioration. It has demonstrated good accuracy in identifying imminent critical outcomes but has limitations in its applicability to various patient types and its ability to predict upcoming deterioration beyond 24 hours. Various studies have attempted to improve its predictive accuracy and clinical utility by modifying or adding variables to the standard NEWS/2 system. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify modifications to the NEWS and NEWS2 systems (eg, the inclusion of additional patient demographic, physiological or other characteristics) and how those modifications influence predictive accuracy to provide an evidence base for subsequent improvement of the system.Methods and analysis The review will be structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study frameworks. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) will be searched in April 2024 for articles published in English. Article screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers, with any conflicts resolved by discussion. The analysis will be descriptive to provide a summary of modifications identified and their influence on the predictive accuracy of NEWS/NEWS 2.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required as data will be obtained from already published sources. Findings from this study will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Background People increasingly rely on online health information for their health-related decision-making. Given the overwhelming amount of information available, the risk of misinformation is high. Health recommender systems, which recommend personalised health-related information or interventions using intelligent algorithms, have the potential to address this issue. Many such systems have been developed and evaluated individually, but there is a need to synthesise the evaluation findings to identify gaps and ensure that future recommender systems are designed to have a positive impact on health or target behaviours.Objective The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the literature evaluating health recommender systems and highlight lessons learnt, methodological considerations and gaps in current research.Methods and analysis The review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and the Population, Concept, and Context frameworks. Five databases (PubMED, ACM Digital Library Full-Text Collection, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science and ScienceDirect) will be searched for studies published in English that evaluate at least one health recommender system using search terms following the themes reflecting digital health, recommendation systems and evaluations of efficacy and impact. After using EndNote 21 for initial screening, two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full texts of the references, and then extract data from included studies related to the recommender system characteristics, evaluation design and evaluation findings into a predetermined form. A descriptive analysis will be conducted to provide an overview of the literature; key themes and gaps in the literature will be discussed.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required as data will be obtained from already published sources. Findings from this study will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Natural sand (NS) is one of the most used engineering materials in almost all types of construction worldwide. Considering environmental sustainability, the replacement of natural sand with crushed glass waste (CWG) can provide a solution for both geo-environmental problems of natural sand depletion and waste glass disposal at a time, since sand and glass share almost similar chemical components. This research aimed to investigate the mechanical behaviors of natural sand replaced with fine CWG particles by 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, and 35 % of dry weight. NS-CWG optimum composition was then stabilized by adding Class C fly ash (FA) from 5 to 35 % of NS-CWG to find out the optimum FA content to stabilize NS-CWG. The effects were analyzed through compaction, direct shear, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Test results showed that maximum dry density increased, and optimum moisture content decreased due to adding CWG, and a contrasting effect was found after adding FA. 25 % FA significantly stabilized the NS-CWG mixture's strength parameters, such as increased cohesion, angle of internal friction, improved shear strength by 55.67 %, and increased CBR by 44 %. The decreased roundness index and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) test results further evaluated and supported the improved geotechnical properties of NS + CWG + FA. The findings of the study can be useful in producing recycled materials for constructing road pavements of sustainable transport network development.

OBJECTIVES:. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and shock are both associated with high morbidity and mortality in the ICU. Adult data suggest renoprotective effects of vasopressin vs. catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine). We aimed to determine whether vasopressin use during CRRT was associated with improved kidney outcomes in children and young adults. DESIGN:. Secondary analysis of Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK), a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SETTING:. Neonatal, cardiac, PICUs at 34 centers internationally from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS:. Patients younger than 25 years receiving CRRT for acute kidney injury and/or fluid overload and requiring vasopressors. Patients receiving vasopressin were compared with patients receiving only norepinephrine/epinephrine. The impact of timing of vasopressin relative to CRRT start was assessed by categorizing patients as: early (on or before day 0), intermediate (days 1–2), and late (days 3–7). INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 1016 patients, 665 (65%) required vasopressors in the first week of CRRT. Of 665, 248 (37%) received vasopressin, 473 (71%) experienced Major Adverse Kidney Events at 90 days (MAKE-90) (death, renal replacement therapy dependence, and/or > 125% increase in serum creatinine from baseline 90 days from CRRT initiation), and 195 (29%) liberated from CRRT on the first attempt within 28 days. Receipt of vasopressin was associated with higher odds of MAKE-90 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.20–2.71; p = 0.005) but not liberation success. In the vasopressin group, intermediate/late initiation was associated with higher odds of MAKE-90 (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.17–6.11; p = 0.02) compared with early initiation. CONCLUSIONS:. Nearly two-thirds of children and young adults receiving CRRT required vasopressors, including over one-third who received vasopressin. Receipt of vasopressin was associated with more MAKE-90, although earlier initiation in those who received it appears beneficial. Prospective studies are needed to understand the appropriate timing, dose, and subpopulation for use of vasopressin.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy skin condition commonly seen in children. It is usually controlled with emollients and topical corticosteroids, but severe cases require systemic management. Tofacitinib is a promising molecule tried in various inflammatory dermatoses. It suppresses the expression of cytokines and improves the skin barrier function. Phototherapy is a second-line treatment modality in AD. Here, we describe a case report of a 6-year-old child of severe AD with predominantly lichenified lesions not responding to the conventional first-line therapeutics and cyclosporine. A combination therapy of tofacitinib with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB-UVB) was tried with impressive results in terms of symptomatic relief of pruritus and significant reduction in lichenification of the lesions.

Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid, is easily available over the counter, increasing the possibility of accidental and intentional exposures. Severe Cypermethrin exposure is rare but may lead to an organophosphate-like toxidrome, posing a diagnostic quandary to the critical care personnel. The authors present a case of a 25-year-old lady patient, who intentionally ingested a toxin or poison. On repeated investigation by medical personnel and family members, it eventually turned out to be cyperhit. On, immediate shifting to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) following acute poisoning, her vital signs were more or less stable, but with mouth filled with copious mouth secretions and mild bronchorrhoea. An intravenous dose of 1.2 mg of atropine sulfate was administered because of bronchorrhoea, which led to satisfactory improvement, except for hypoglycaemia {(Random Blood Sugar(RBS): 67 mg/dL}. To address hypoglycaemia, an initial bolus of 25% dextrose (IV)/100 mL was injected followed by an infusion of 25% dextrose at a rate of 10 ml/hr. At the end of three days of close monitoring and psychiatric counseling sessions, she was fully alert, oriented, afebrile, and had stable vital signs. The present case suggests that Cypermethrin poisoning should be considered a differential diagnosis of patients presenting with classical features of organophosphorus poisoning. Inadvertent administration of pralidoxime and atropine can be avoided if emergency physicians are aware of this entity. Optimum Atropine administration is useful when the dose is adjusted as per the patient’s response.

The goal was to know about the anthelmintic properties of the leaves of P. americana and peels of M. sikkimensis. An ethanolic extract from the leaves of P. americana and aqueous extract of M. sikkimensis was used to screen for phytochemicals and analyse the anthelmintic activity on Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma to determine its therapeutic capabilities. The experiment was carried out by preparing standard drug solution (Albendazole), P. americana leaf extract and M. sikkimensis peel extract in a concentration range of 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 20mg/ml respectively for each. The earthworms were placed in a beaker with solutions of varying concentrations. The time of paralysis and death was noted and plotted in a graph. From the results, it was found that P. americana and M. sikkimensis extract caused paralysis in less time in a dose-dependent manner, as well as the death was caused much earlier compared to the control group. This suggests that P. americana and M. sikkimensis extract exhibited strong anthelmintic activity. Furthermore, a link has been found between anthelmintic activity and high levels of flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. Flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids found in various extracts have been proven to have anthelmintic properties in earlier investigations. Persea americana have been reported to have alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, proteins, and Musa sikkimensis have been reported to have alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, proteins. These results lead to the conclusion that P. americana and M. sikkimensis extract may possess anthelmintic activity. Keywords: Anthelmintic activity, Helminth, Musa, Avocado

Abstract Introduction Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after standard-of-care antibiotics. VOWST oral spores (VOS, previously SER-109), an FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, is indicated to prevent rCDI following antibiotics for rCDI. Objective, Design, and Patients To evaluate safety and efficacy of VOS from two phase 3 trials, (randomized, placebo-controlled [ECOSPOR III: NCT03183128] and open-label, single arm [ECOSPOR IV: NCT03183141]) of 349 adults with rCDI and prevalent comorbidities. Methods VOS or placebo [ECOSPOR III only] (4 capsules once daily for 3 days). Integrated analysis of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) collected through week 8; serious TEAEs and TEAEs of special interest collected through week 24; and rates of rCDI (toxin-positive diarrhea requiring treatment) evaluated through weeks 8 and 24. Results TEAEs were mostly mild or moderate and gastrointestinal. Most common treatment-related TEAEs were flatulence, abdominal pain and distension, fatigue, and diarrhea. There were 11 deaths (3.2%) and 48 patients (13.8%) with serious TEAEs, none treatment-related. The rCDI rate through week 8 was 9.5% (95% CI 6.6–13.0) and remained low through 24 weeks (15.2%; 95% CI 11.6–19.4). Safety and rCDI rates were consistent across subgroups including age, renal impairment/failure, diabetes, and immunocompromise/immunosuppression. Conclusions VOS was well tolerated and rates of rCDI remained low through week 24 including in those with comorbidities. These data support the potential benefit of VOS following antibiotics to prevent recurrence in high-risk patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03183128 and NCT03183141.

Abstract Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) is a recently appreciated critical opioid peptide with key regulatory functions in several central behavioral processes including motivation, stress, feeding, and sleep. The functional relevance of N/OFQ action in the mammalian brain remains unclear due to a lack of high-resolution approaches to detect this neuropeptide with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop and characterize NOPLight, a genetically encoded sensor that sensitively reports changes in endogenous N/OFQ release. We characterized the affinity, pharmacological profile, spectral properties, kinetics, ligand selectivity, and potential interaction with intracellular signal transducers of NOPLight in vitro. Its functionality was established in acute brain slices by exogeneous N/OFQ application and chemogenetic induction of endogenous N/OFQ release from PNOC neurons. In vivo studies with fibre photometry enabled direct recording of NOPLight binding to exogenous N/OFQ receptor ligands, as well as detection of endogenous N/OFQ release within the paranigral ventral tegmental area (pnVTA) during natural behaviors and chemogenetic activation of PNOC neurons. In summary, we show here that NOPLight can be used to detect N/OFQ opioid peptide signal dynamics in tissue and freely behaving animals.