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1. Perineal Massage for Prevention of Perineal Trauma and Episiotomy During Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Vijayakumar Venugopal, Boopalan Deenadayalan, Kuppusamy Maheshkumar, Cithamparam Yogapriya, Anandhan Akila, Muthupandi Pandiaraja, Shanmugam Poonguzhali, and Ravi Poornima

Subjects
Perineal Massage, Episiotomy, Labor, Meta-Analysis, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Objective: Vaginal births are associated with a certain degree of trauma to the genital tract, with significant short-term and long-term morbidity. Awareness of morbidity following perineal trauma has led to application of different interventions during the late first stage and second stage of labour to prevent severe perineal trauma. This includes techniques such as perineal massage, warm and cold compresses, and perineal management techniques. Objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of perineal massage during the late first stage and second stage of labour on the rate of episiotomy and risk of perineal trauma. Materials and methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science Direct) were searched from inception until August 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compares perineal massage during labor (i.e., intervention group) with a control group in women with singleton gestation and cephalic presentation at ≥36 weeks. The primary outcome was severe perineal trauma and the rate of episiotomy. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to produce summary treatment effects in terms of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Ten trials including 4,088 women were analyzed. Women with perineal massage during labor had a significantly lower incidence of severe perineal trauma (RR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.29- 0.94) compared to the control group. The incidence of episiotomy was lower in the perineal massage group (RR: 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98 p < 0.01) but was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The finding of meta-analysis showed that perineal massage during labor could be effective in reducing the risk of severe perineal trauma, such as third- and fourth-degree spontaneous lacerations during labor.

Published
2022
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2. Influence of Si3N4 on the Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Stir-Cast Cu-10Sn/xSi3N4 Metal Matrix Composite for Bearing Applications

Author

Sooraj Satheesh, Gokul Krishna Gopakumar Priya, Govind Venugopal, Anuranjan Anil, Jayakrishna Ajithkumar Jayasree, Anandhan Ajan Vishnu, Karthik Venkitraman Shankar, and Anil Kumar

Subjects
Cu-10Sn/Si3N4, specific wear rate, coefficient of friction, hardness, density, agglomeration, Science
Abstract

Bronze metal matrix composites (MMCs) are futuristic materials that may find applications in automobile, aviation, and marine industries, specifically for propellers in submarines, bearings, and bushings for defence purposes. The present investigation studied the effect of Si3N4 (5, 10, 15 wt%) ceramic particles on the physical, metallurgical, and tribological behaviour of Cu-10Sn/Si3N4 MMCs. Cast rods of three composites and a base alloy were fabricated using the liquid metallurgy route. The microstructural characterisation for the cast samples was conducted using FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), which revealed that the Cu-10Sn alloy reinforced with 5 wt% of Si3N4 had homogeneous distribution and perfect bonding of the Si3N4 with the bronze MMC. The dry sliding wear test was performed by varying parameters such as the applied load (10, 20, 30 N) and sliding velocity (1, 2, 3 m/s). The specific wear rate (SWR) increased against an increased load. However, the SWR and coefficient of friction decreased and then increased against an increasing sliding velocity due to tribolayer formation. The primary wear mechanism observed at low and high loads was severe delamination. In contrast, the wear mechanism was adhesion wear at high and low velocities. Amongst the researched samples, Cu-10Sn/5 wt% Si3N4 composites revealed the least SWR at a load of 10 N and sliding velocity of 2 m/s and hence can be recommended for manufacturing bearings and bushings in the automobile and defence industry.

Published
2022
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5. TSG-6+ cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate myeloid cell responses and impair anti-tumor response to immune checkpoint therapy in pancreatic cancer

Author

Anandhan, Swetha, Herbrich, Shelley, Goswami, Sangeeta, Guan, Baoxiang, Chen, Yulong, Macaluso, Marc Daniel, Jindal, Sonali, Natarajan, Seanu Meena, Andrewes, Samuel W., Xiong, Liangwen, Nagarajan, Ashwat, Basu, Sreyashi, Tang, Derek Ng, Liu, Jielin, Min, Jimin, Maitra, Anirban, and Sharma, Padmanee

Published
2024
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10. Cochlear nerve visualization in Normal anatomy and inner ear malformations

Author

Majed Assiri, Tawfiq Khurayzi, Fida Almuhawas, Kurt Schlemmer, Abdulrahman Hagr, and Anandhan Dhanasingh

Subjects
cochlea, cochlear implant, cochlear nerve, inner ear, MRI, Otorhinolaryngology, RF1-547, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the variations in nerve bundles between patients with normal anatomy and those with inner‐ear anomalies. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the temporal bones of candidates for cochlear implants (CIs) enrolled at a tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed from the clinical database. The 3.0‐Tesla MRI scans were analyzed using a three‐dimensional slicer to visualize the nerve bundles in the internal auditory canal. Results A total of 49 ears were analyzed. Twenty ears exhibited normal inner ear anatomy, whereas 29 ears had various inner‐ear malformations. The cochlear nerve (CN) was visible on all 20 scans with normal inner‐ear anatomy. In addition, the CN was visualized in 18 scans with inner ear malformations. Furthermore, the CN was identified in six of the eight scans with IP type I, whereas in two scans, the CN and vestibular nerve were unclear. Three scans with a common cavity showed only two nerve bundles. Conclusion The findings of this study show that the CN can be visualized in most inner‐ear anatomical types. Even in severely malformed inner ears, the common nerve bundle that represents the cochlear and vestibular nerves can be visualized. The MRI is highly recommended for CN assessment before CI surgery. Level of Evidence Level IV.

Published
2024
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13. Seeds of Excellence: Review on impact of seed quality enhancement on babygreens biomass production

Author

Arvind Gopalsamy, Eevera Tamilmani, Kumaran Shanmugam, Nelson Navamaniraj Koilpitchai, Vidhya Durairaj, Preethi Mylsamy, Anandhan Jaganathavarma, and Umarani Ranganathan

Subjects
Babygreens, Seed pelleting, Seed coating, Seed priming, Nanofiber seed coating, Magneto priming, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

The high nutrient content of baby greens has increased their demand in worldwide markets, putting pressure on farmers and producers to expand production. Enhancing the quality of seeds before sowing has been identified as a key component in increasing the volume of baby greens. The current seed treatment techniques used for baby greens are chemical-based and have extensive negative effects on the environment and human health. Consequently, alternative seed treatment methods, such as organic and physical methods, use less fertilizer and have negligible effects on the environment and public health. A range of treatments, including shock wave, radiation, plasma, magnetic, and hot water treatments, have been found to promote crop development. These techniques have been shown to improve seed germination, the seed vigor index, root development, shoot development, and biomass production because organic seed formulation makes growth regulators available directly to seeds and helps to address issues related to the unraveling of the seed coat in some species. In addition to these seed treatment approaches, a number of seed priming, seed pelleting and seed coating techniques, such as microbial, biopolymer-based, and protective coatings, have been shown to increase sustainability and efficacy while being more environmentally friendly. Advanced seed treatment techniques that employ nanoparticles, such as nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, and nanopriming, have emerged as viable options for both the environment and the economy. These techniques enhance crop development and seed vigor by utilizing mechanisms such as seed coat penetration and cellular signaling stimulation. For the optimal production of baby greens, including lettuce, Chinese cabbage, pak choi, and radish, certain characteristics, such as substrate, growing conditions, and appropriate parameters, must be maintained in addition to seed treatment procedures. This article provides a thorough evaluation of these methods, explaining their mechanisms of action and addressing the relative benefits of various substrates and parameters for encouraging the growth of roots and plants.

Published
2025
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14. Genomic Selection for Phenotype Prediction in Rice

Author

Muthazhagu Kuppuraj, Sakthi Anand, Ramadoss, Bharathi Raja, Adhimoolam, Karthikeyan, Vedachalam, Vengadessan, Murugesan, Tamilzharasi, Tamilselvan, Anandhan, Singh, Akansha, editor, Singh, Shravan Kumar, editor, and Shrestha, Jiban, editor

Published
2024
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16. Doubled Haploid Rice Breeding

Author

Tamilzharasi, M., Umamaheswari, D., Umabalan, J., Anandhan, T., Vengadessan, V., Singh, Akansha, editor, Singh, Shravan Kumar, editor, and Shrestha, Jiban, editor

Published
2024
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45. Opportunities and challenges in Asian bee research and conservation

Author

Warrit, Natapot, Ascher, John, Basu, Parthib, Belavadi, Vasuki, Brockmann, Axel, Buchori, Damayanti, Dorey, James B., Hughes, Alice, Krishnan, Smitha, Ngo, Hien T., Williams, Paul, Zhu, Chao-Dong, Abrol, Dharam, Bawa, Kamal, Bhatta, Chet, Borges, Renee M., Bossert, Silas, Cervancia, Cleofas, Chatthanabun, Nontawat, Chesters, Douglas, Chinh, Phung Huu, Devkota, Kedar, Duc, Hanh Pham, Ferrari, Rafael, Garibaldi, Lucas, Ge, Jin, Ghosh, Dibyajyoti, Huang, Dunyuan, Jung, Chuleui, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Koch, Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad, Krichilsky, Erin, Kunte, Krushnamegh, Ling, Tial C., Liu, Shanlin, Liu, Xiuwei, Luo, Arong, Luo, Shiqi, Mu, Junpeng, Nidup, Tshering, Niu, ZeQing, Nur-Zati, A. Mustafa, Olsson, Shannon B., Otis, Gard W., Ouyang, Fang, Peng, Yan-Qiong, Priawandiputra, Windra, Proshchalykin, Maxim, Raffiudin, Rika, Rameshkumar, Anandhan, Ren, Zongxin, Suruliraj, Azhagarraja, Sane, Sanjay, Shi, Xiaoyu, Sinu, Palatty Allesh, Smith, Deborah R., Soh, Zestin W.W., Somananthan, Hema, Sritongchuay, Tuanjit, Stewart, Alyssa B., Sun, Cheng, Tang, Min, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Tscharntke, Teja, Vereecken, Nico, Wang, Su, Wayo, Kanuengnit, Wongsiri, Siriwat, Zhou, Xin, Xie, Zhenghua, Zhang, Dan, Zou, Yi, Zu, Pengjuan, and Orr, Michael

Published
2023
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