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19. Effective Oxygen‐Deficient Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material Displaying Excellent Rate Performance and Outstanding Cyclic Stability.

Author

Pratheeksha, P. M., Sivakanali, S., Kashyap, Shreyas J., Chandra, Gowthami, Joseph, D. Paul, Vijay, R., Rao, T. N., and Anandan, S.

Subjects
PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, IONIC conductivity, STRAIN rate, LITHIUM titanate, RUTILE
Abstract

Currently, developing materials with high power capability is crucial to the rapid deployment of electric vehicles. The Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode material with zero strain rate upon lithium insertion and extraction. The successful implementation of this anode material depends on strategies to overcome the low electronic and ionic conductivity. In this study, Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized using solid‐state approach in which different phases (anatase and rutile) of TiO2 as precursors were used. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies with the existence of Ti3+ ions, which is believed to greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12. The electrochemical performance revealed that the rutile TiO2 precursor concentration significantly affects the resultant Li4Ti5O12 capacity and power capability. The Li4Ti5O12 synthesized using 80% anatase and 20% rutile TiO2 (N2‐LTO) exhibits a specific capacity of 169, 145, 140, 133, 122, 101, and 84 mAh g−1 at 1C, 3C, 5C, 7C, 10C, 20C, and 30C. In addition, LFP||N2‐LTO pouch‐cell was fabricated which showed promising results with 95% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1C rate. The oxygen vacancies created due to the presence of Ti3+/Ti4+ mixed valances and reduced particle size for faster lithium‐ion diffusion significantly enhanced the overall electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Hemodialysis dialysate temperature control system.

Author

Sooriamoorthy, D., Anandan, S., Manoharan, A., Sivanesan, S., Alexander, C. H. C., Selvaperumal, S. K., and Narendran, R.

Subjects
*TEMPERATURE control, *HAZARDOUS wastes, *FUZZY logic, *KIDNEY failure, *PATIENTS' attitudes
Abstract

Kidney is a vital part of the body's metabolic process and a key toxic waste removal mechanism. The blood filtering procedure known as hemodialysis is performed in individuals with severe renal failure. By pushing a patient's blood against a fluid combination called dialysate, a dialysis machine performs hemodialysis. This study seeks to build a prototype design of a Hemodialysis Dialysate Temperature Control System to lessen the risk of patients experiencing temperature shock during hemodialysis treatment since the dialysis machine has problems maintaining the proper temperature of dialysate. To achieve a body temperature of (36⁰C) for patients, two different temperatures of the dialysate were combined with various flow rates. One temperature of the dialysate was maintained below body temperature (35⁰C), and the other was kept above human body temperature (37⁰C). The results show the desired output temperature of 36⁰C is achievable by using fuzzy logic-based controller. The system will give an approximate constant output of desired temperature with a time taken of 670 seconds where the output volume for each circulation is 50 ml/s. The hemodialysis dialysate temperature control system prototype with the implement of fuzzy logic shows that the system consumes time for heating but is able to give a close by to constant desired output temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Study of mixed ternary transition metal ferrites as potential electrodes for supercapacitor applications

Author

Bhamini Bhujun, Michelle T.T. Tan, and Anandan S. Shanmugam

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Nanocrystallites of three mixed ternary transition metal ferrite (MTTMF) were prepared by a facile sol–gel method and adopted as electrode material for supercapacitors. The phase development of the samples was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite in CuCoFe2O4 (CuCoF), NiCoFe2O4 (NiCoF) and NiCuFe2O4 (NiCuF). The surface characteristics and elemental composition of the nanocomposites have been studied by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical performance of the nanomaterials was evaluated using a two-electrode configuration by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic technique in 1 M KOH electrolyte and was found to be in the order of: CuCoF > NiCoF > NiCuF. A maximum specific capacitance of 221 Fg−1 was obtained with CuCoF at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. In addition to an excellent cycling stability, an energy density of 7.9 kW kg−1 was obtained at a current density of 1 Ag−1. The high electrochemical performance of the MTTMF nanocomposites obtained indicates that these materials are promising electrodes for supercapacitors. Keywords: Mixed ternary transition metal ferrite (MTTMF), Nanocomposites, Sol–gel, Cyclic voltammetry, Asymmetric supercapacitor

Published
2017
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42. Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes.

Author

Carey, ME, Dyson, ZA, Ingle, DJ, Amir, A, Aworh, MK, Chattaway, MA, Chew, KL, Crump, JA, Feasey, NA, Howden, BP, Keddy, KH, Maes, M, Parry, CM, Van Puyvelde, S, Webb, HE, Afolayan, AO, Alexander, AP, Anandan, S, Andrews, JR, Ashton, PM, Basnyat, B, Bavdekar, A, Bogoch, II, Clemens, JD, da Silva, KE, De, A, de Ligt, J, Diaz Guevara, PL, Dolecek, C, Dutta, S, Ehlers, MM, Francois Watkins, L, Garrett, DO, Godbole, G, Gordon, MA, Greenhill, AR, Griffin, C, Gupta, M, Hendriksen, RS, Heyderman, RS, Hooda, Y, Hormazabal, JC, Ikhimiukor, OO, Iqbal, J, Jacob, JJ, Jenkins, C, Jinka, DR, John, J, Kang, G, Kanteh, A, Kapil, A, Karkey, A, Kariuki, S, Kingsley, RA, Koshy, RM, Lauer, AC, Levine, MM, Lingegowda, RK, Luby, SP, Mackenzie, GA, Mashe, T, Msefula, C, Mutreja, A, Nagaraj, G, Nagaraj, S, Nair, S, Naseri, TK, Nimarota-Brown, S, Njamkepo, E, Okeke, IN, Perumal, SPB, Pollard, AJ, Pragasam, AK, Qadri, F, Qamar, FN, Rahman, SIA, Rambocus, SD, Rasko, DA, Ray, P, Robins-Browne, R, Rongsen-Chandola, T, Rutanga, JP, Saha, SK, Saha, S, Saigal, K, Sajib, MSI, Seidman, JC, Shakya, J, Shamanna, V, Shastri, J, Shrestha, R, Sia, S, Sikorski, MJ, Singh, A, Smith, AM, Tagg, KA, Tamrakar, D, Tanmoy, AM, Thomas, M, Thomas, MS, Thomsen, R, Thomson, NR, Tupua, S, Vaidya, K, Valcanis, M, Veeraraghavan, B, Weill, F-X, Wright, J, Dougan, G, Argimón, S, Keane, JA, Aanensen, DM, Baker, S, Holt, KE, Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium Group Authorship, Carey, ME, Dyson, ZA, Ingle, DJ, Amir, A, Aworh, MK, Chattaway, MA, Chew, KL, Crump, JA, Feasey, NA, Howden, BP, Keddy, KH, Maes, M, Parry, CM, Van Puyvelde, S, Webb, HE, Afolayan, AO, Alexander, AP, Anandan, S, Andrews, JR, Ashton, PM, Basnyat, B, Bavdekar, A, Bogoch, II, Clemens, JD, da Silva, KE, De, A, de Ligt, J, Diaz Guevara, PL, Dolecek, C, Dutta, S, Ehlers, MM, Francois Watkins, L, Garrett, DO, Godbole, G, Gordon, MA, Greenhill, AR, Griffin, C, Gupta, M, Hendriksen, RS, Heyderman, RS, Hooda, Y, Hormazabal, JC, Ikhimiukor, OO, Iqbal, J, Jacob, JJ, Jenkins, C, Jinka, DR, John, J, Kang, G, Kanteh, A, Kapil, A, Karkey, A, Kariuki, S, Kingsley, RA, Koshy, RM, Lauer, AC, Levine, MM, Lingegowda, RK, Luby, SP, Mackenzie, GA, Mashe, T, Msefula, C, Mutreja, A, Nagaraj, G, Nagaraj, S, Nair, S, Naseri, TK, Nimarota-Brown, S, Njamkepo, E, Okeke, IN, Perumal, SPB, Pollard, AJ, Pragasam, AK, Qadri, F, Qamar, FN, Rahman, SIA, Rambocus, SD, Rasko, DA, Ray, P, Robins-Browne, R, Rongsen-Chandola, T, Rutanga, JP, Saha, SK, Saha, S, Saigal, K, Sajib, MSI, Seidman, JC, Shakya, J, Shamanna, V, Shastri, J, Shrestha, R, Sia, S, Sikorski, MJ, Singh, A, Smith, AM, Tagg, KA, Tamrakar, D, Tanmoy, AM, Thomas, M, Thomas, MS, Thomsen, R, Thomson, NR, Tupua, S, Vaidya, K, Valcanis, M, Veeraraghavan, B, Weill, F-X, Wright, J, Dougan, G, Argimón, S, Keane, JA, Aanensen, DM, Baker, S, Holt, KE, and Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium Group Authorship

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. RESULTS: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal 'sentinel' surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The consortium's aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. FUNDING: No specific funding was awarded f

Published
2023

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