16 results on '"Anandakrishnan N"'
Search Results
2. Hybrid Linear Discriminant Analysis (HLDA) based Dimensionality Reduction and Unary Potential based on Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (FPCM) Clustering for Remote Sensing Images
- Author
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Sandhya K and Anandakrishnan N
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Unary operation ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Dimensionality reduction ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Cluster analysis ,Linear discriminant analysis ,business ,Fuzzy logic - Published
- 2019
3. A STUDY ON GEOGRAPHICAL ROUTING WITH ADAPTIVE POSITION UPDATE
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Anandakrishnan, N., primary and Roshini, Neena, additional
- Published
- 2020
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4. ANALYSING THE SUSPICIOUS BEHAVIOUR IN VIDEO SURVILLIENCE FOR CRIME DETECTION USING GAIT SPEED MONITORING.
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Sivalingan, H. and Anandakrishnan, N.
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CRIMINAL investigation ,WALKING speed ,VIDEO surveillance ,VIDEO monitors ,BEHAVIORAL assessment ,TRACKING algorithms ,PEDESTRIANS - Abstract
One of the most emergent research is suspicious behaviour monitoring in video surveillance. In recent past, crime detection is powerful topic to identify the abnormal events or crime events. This work focused on the suspicious behaviour analysis which helps to detect the crime events in terms of gait parameter. This work describes the following tasks. First, tracking the pedestrians from video data using MM track algorithm i.e. (calibration process). Second, extracting the gait parameters based on proposed modules: 1) spatial coordinate module contains the speed profiles which helps to measure the suspicious behaviour of pedestrian. 2) Fixed coordinate system module, it also measures the suspicious behaviour in different way based on the list of components and axis of the pedestrians. This step performs the major role in measure the suspicious behaviour among the pedestrians' movement for crime detection. Third, measure the suspicious behaviour in terms of walk ratio, Acceleration Auto Correlation (AAC) and gravity, dynamic, horizontal, vertical components of pedestrians as well this step - value performs the validation role which is based on the reference range to validate the Walk Ratio value. The video helps to monitor the pedestrian's movement. This work is compared to the different pedestrian's detection technique such as DPM (Deformable Part Model) and Real Boost method foe efficiency in terms of true positive rate and pedestrian gait speed detection time parameters. Proposed work attains best result in both parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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5. An Evaluation of Popular Edge Detection Techniques in Digital Image Processing
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Anandakrishnan, N., primary and Baboo, S. Santhosh, additional
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- 2014
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6. Integrated multiomics implicates dysregulation of ECM and cell adhesion pathways as drivers of severe COVID-associated kidney injury.
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Anandakrishnan N, Yi Z, Sun Z, Liu T, Haydak J, Eddy S, Jayaraman P, DeFronzo S, Saha A, Sun Q, Yang D, Mendoza A, Mosoyan G, Wen HH, Schaub JA, Fu J, Kehrer T, Menon R, Otto EA, Godfrey B, Suarez-Farinas M, Leffters S, Twumasi A, Meliambro K, Charney AW, García-Sastre A, Campbell KN, Gusella GL, He JC, Miorin L, Nadkarni GN, Wisnivesky J, Li H, Kretzler M, Coca SG, Chan L, Zhang W, and Azeloglu EU
- Abstract
COVID-19 has been a significant public health concern for the last four years; however, little is known about the mechanisms that lead to severe COVID-associated kidney injury. In this multicenter study, we combined quantitative deep urinary proteomics and machine learning to predict severe acute outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Using a 10-fold cross-validated random forest algorithm, we identified a set of urinary proteins that demonstrated predictive power for both discovery and validation set with 87% and 79% accuracy, respectively. These predictive urinary biomarkers were recapitulated in non-COVID acute kidney injury revealing overlapping injury mechanisms. We further combined orthogonal multiomics datasets to understand the mechanisms that drive severe COVID-associated kidney injury. Functional overlap and network analysis of urinary proteomics, plasma proteomics and urine sediment single-cell RNA sequencing showed that extracellular matrix and autophagy-associated pathways were uniquely impacted in severe COVID-19. Differentially abundant proteins associated with these pathways exhibited high expression in cells in the juxtamedullary nephron, endothelial cells, and podocytes, indicating that these kidney cell types could be potential targets. Further, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of kidney organoids infected with SARS-CoV-2 revealed dysregulation of extracellular matrix organization in multiple nephron segments, recapitulating the clinically observed fibrotic response across multiomics datasets. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis of the podocyte and tubule organoid clusters showed significant reduction and loss of interaction between integrins and basement membrane receptors in the infected kidney organoids. Collectively, these data suggest that extracellular matrix degradation and adhesion-associated mechanisms could be a main driver of COVID-associated kidney injury and severe outcomes.
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- 2024
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7. Open-Source System for Real-Time Functional Assessment of In Vitro Filtration Barriers.
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Fallon TK, Zuvin M, Stern AD, Anandakrishnan N, Daehn IS, and Azeloglu EU
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- Humans, Kidney physiology, Glomerular Filtration Barrier physiology
- Abstract
The integrity of the barrier between blood and the selective filtrate of solutes is important for homeostasis and its disruption contributes to many diseases. Microphysiological systems that incorporate synthetic or natural membranes with human cells can mimic biological filtration barriers, such as the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney, and they can readily be used to study cellular filtration processes as well as drug effects and interactions. We present an affordable, open-source platform for the real-time monitoring of functional filtration status in engineered microphysiological systems. Using readily available components, our assay can linearly detect real-time concentrations of two target molecules, FITC-labeled inulin and Texas Red-labeled human-serum albumin, within clinically relevant ranges, and it can be easily modified for different target molecules of varying sizes and tags. We demonstrate the platform's ability to determine the concentration of our target molecules automatically and consistently. We show through an acellular context that the platform enables real-time tracking of size-dependent diffusion with minimal fluid volume loss and without manual extraction of media, making it suitable for continuous operational monitoring of filtration status in microphysiological system applications. The platform's affordability and integrability with microphysiological systems make it ideal for many precision medicine applications, including evaluation of drug nephrotoxicity and other forms of drug discovery., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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8. Deep learning on electronic medical records identifies distinct subphenotypes of diabetic kidney disease driven by genetic variations in the Rho pathway.
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Paranjpe I, Wang X, Anandakrishnan N, Haydak JC, Van Vleck T, DeFronzo S, Li Z, Mendoza A, Liu R, Fu J, Forrest I, Zhou W, Lee K, O'Hagan R, Dellepiane S, Menon KM, Gulamali F, Kamat S, Gusella GL, Charney AW, Hofer I, Cho JH, Do R, Glicksberg BS, He JC, Nadkarni GN, and Azeloglu EU
- Abstract
Kidney disease affects 50% of all diabetic patients; however, prediction of disease progression has been challenging due to inherent disease heterogeneity. We use deep learning to identify novel genetic signatures prognostically associated with outcomes. Using autoencoders and unsupervised clustering of electronic health record data on 1,372 diabetic kidney disease patients, we establish two clusters with differential prevalence of end-stage kidney disease. Exome-wide associations identify a novel variant in ARHGEF18, a Rho guanine exchange factor specifically expressed in glomeruli. Overexpression of ARHGEF18 in human podocytes leads to impairments in focal adhesion architecture, cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular motility, and RhoA/Rac1 activation. Mutant GEF18 is resistant to ubiquitin mediated degradation leading to pathologically increased protein levels. Our findings uncover the first known disease-causing genetic variant that affects protein stability of a cytoskeletal regulator through impaired degradation, a potentially novel class of expression quantitative trait loci that can be therapeutically targeted.
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- 2023
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9. HCK induces macrophage activation to promote renal inflammation and fibrosis via suppression of autophagy.
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Chen M, Menon MC, Wang W, Fu J, Yi Z, Sun Z, Liu J, Li Z, Mou L, Banu K, Lee SW, Dai Y, Anandakrishnan N, Azeloglu EU, Lee K, Zhang W, Das B, He JC, and Wei C
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- Animals, Humans, Mice, Autophagy, Fibrosis, Inflammation pathology, Kidney metabolism, Macrophage Activation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck metabolism, Nephritis metabolism, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic pathology, Ureteral Obstruction metabolism
- Abstract
Renal inflammation and fibrosis are the common pathways leading to progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously identified hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) as upregulated in human chronic allograft injury promoting kidney fibrosis; however, the cellular source and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, using immunostaining and single cell sequencing data, we show that HCK expression is highly enriched in pro-inflammatory macrophages in diseased kidneys. HCK-knockout (KO) or HCK-inhibitor decreases macrophage M1-like pro-inflammatory polarization, proliferation, and migration in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). We identify an interaction between HCK and ATG2A and CBL, two autophagy-related proteins, inhibiting autophagy flux in macrophages. In vivo, both global or myeloid cell specific HCK-KO attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis with reduces macrophage numbers, pro-inflammatory polarization and migration into unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys and unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) models. Finally, we developed a selective boron containing HCK inhibitor which can reduce macrophage pro-inflammatory activity, proliferation, and migration in vitro, and attenuate kidney fibrosis in the UUO mice. The current study elucidates mechanisms downstream of HCK regulating macrophage activation and polarization via autophagy in CKD and identifies that selective HCK inhibitors could be potentially developed as a new therapy for renal fibrosis., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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10. Compressive Buckling Fabrication of 3D Cell-Laden Microstructures.
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Chen Z, Anandakrishnan N, Xu Y, and Zhao R
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- Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Regenerative Medicine, Biomimetic Materials, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering methods, Tissue Scaffolds
- Abstract
Tissue architecture is a prerequisite for its biological functions. Recapitulating the three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure represents one of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering. Two-dimensional (2D) tissue fabrication methods are currently in the main stage for tissue engineering and disease modeling. However, due to their planar nature, the created models only represent very limited out-of-plane tissue structure. Here compressive buckling principle is harnessed to create 3D biomimetic cell-laden microstructures from microfabricated planar patterns. This method allows out-of-plane delivery of cells and extracellular matrix patterns with high spatial precision. As a proof of principle, a variety of polymeric 3D miniature structures including a box, an octopus, a pyramid, and continuous waves are fabricated. A mineralized bone tissue model with spatially distributed cell-laden lacunae structures is fabricated to demonstrate the fabrication power of the method. It is expected that this novel approach will help to significantly expand the utility of the established 2D fabrication techniques for 3D tissue fabrication. Given the widespread of 2D fabrication methods in biomedical research and the high demand for biomimetic 3D structures, this method is expected to bridge the gap between 2D and 3D tissue fabrication and open up new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine., (© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2021
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11. Modeling the Glomerular Filtration Barrier and Intercellular Crosstalk.
- Author
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Ebefors K, Lassén E, Anandakrishnan N, Azeloglu EU, and Daehn IS
- Abstract
The glomerulus is a compact cluster of capillaries responsible for blood filtration and initiating urine production in the renal nephrons. A trilaminar structure in the capillary wall forms the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of glycocalyx-enriched and fenestrated endothelial cells adhering to the glomerular basement membrane and specialized visceral epithelial cells, podocytes, forming the outermost layer with a molecular slit diaphragm between their interdigitating foot processes. The unique dynamic and selective nature of blood filtration to produce urine requires the functionality of each of the GFB components, and hence, mimicking the glomerular filter in vitro has been challenging, though critical for various research applications and drug screening. Research efforts in the past few years have transformed our understanding of the structure and multifaceted roles of the cells and their intricate crosstalk in development and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present a new wave of technologies that include glomerulus-on-a-chip, three-dimensional microfluidic models, and organoids all promising to improve our understanding of glomerular biology and to enable the development of GFB-targeted therapies. Here, we also outline the challenges and the opportunities of these emerging biomimetic systems that aim to recapitulate the complex glomerular filter, and the evolving perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular signaling that comprise the glomerular milieu., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ebefors, Lassén, Anandakrishnan, Azeloglu and Daehn.)
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- 2021
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12. Fast Stereolithography Printing of Large-Scale Biocompatible Hydrogel Models.
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Anandakrishnan N, Ye H, Guo Z, Chen Z, Mentkowski KI, Lang JK, Rajabian N, Andreadis ST, Ma Z, Spernyak JA, Lovell JF, Wang D, Xia J, Zhou C, and Zhao R
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- Hydrogels, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, Bioprinting, Stereolithography
- Abstract
Large size cell-laden hydrogel models hold great promise for tissue repair and organ transplantation, but their fabrication using 3D bioprinting is limited by the slow printing speed that can affect the part quality and the biological activity of the encapsulated cells. Here a fast hydrogel stereolithography printing (FLOAT) method is presented that allows the creation of a centimeter-sized, multiscale solid hydrogel model within minutes. Through precisely controlling the photopolymerization condition, low suction force-driven, high-velocity flow of the hydrogel prepolymer is established that supports the continuous replenishment of the prepolymer solution below the curing part and the nonstop part growth. The rapid printing of centimeter-sized hydrogel models using FLOAT is shown to significantly reduce the part deformation and cellular injury caused by the prolonged exposure to the environmental stresses in conventional 3D printing methods. Embedded vessel networks fabricated through multiscale printing allows media perfusion needed to maintain the high cellular viability and metabolic functions in the deep core of the large-sized models. The endothelialization of this vessel network allows the establishment of barrier functions. Together, these studies demonstrate a rapid 3D hydrogel printing method and represent a first step toward the fabrication of large-sized engineered tissue models., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2021
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13. Plasminogenuria is associated with podocyte injury, edema, and kidney dysfunction in incident glomerular disease.
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Egerman MA, Wong JS, Runxia T, Mosoyan G, Chauhan K, Reyes-Bahamonde J, Anandakrishnan N, Wong NJ, Bagiella E, Salem F, Meliambro K, Li H, Azeloglu EU, Coca SG, Campbell KN, and Raij L
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- Amiloride pharmacology, Animals, Biomarkers metabolism, Biomarkers urine, Edema metabolism, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental metabolism, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental pathology, Humans, Kidney Diseases metabolism, Kidney Glomerulus drug effects, Kidney Glomerulus metabolism, Male, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Podocytes drug effects, Podocytes metabolism, Proteinuria metabolism, Puromycin Aminonucleoside metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Renal Insufficiency metabolism, Renal Insufficiency pathology, Edema pathology, Kidney Diseases pathology, Kidney Glomerulus pathology, Plasminogen urine, Podocytes pathology, Proteinuria pathology
- Abstract
Urinary plasminogen/plasmin, or plasmin (ogen) uria, has been demonstrated in proteinuric patients and exposure of cultured podocytes to plasminogen results in injury via oxidative stress pathways. A causative role for plasmin (ogen) as a "second hit" in kidney disease progression has yet to have been demonstrated in vivo. Additionally, association between plasmin (ogen) uria and kidney function in glomerular diseases remains unclear. We performed comparative studies in a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy rat model treated with amiloride, an inhibitor of plasminogen activation, and measured changes in plasmin (ogen) uria. In a glomerular disease biorepository cohort (n = 128), we measured time-of-biopsy albuminuria, proteinuria, and plasmin (ogen) uria for correlations with kidney outcomes. In cultured human podocytes, plasminogen treatment was associated with decreased focal adhesion marker expression with rescue by amiloride. Increased glomerular plasmin (ogen) was found in PAN rats and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients. PAN nephropathy was associated with increases in plasmin (ogen) uria and proteinuria. Amiloride was protective against PAN-induced glomerular injury, reducing CD36 scavenger receptor expression and oxidative stress. In patients, we found associations between plasmin (ogen) uria and edema status as well as eGFR. Our study demonstrates a role for plasmin (ogen)-induced podocyte injury in the PAN nephropathy model, with amiloride having podocyte-protective properties. In one of the largest glomerular disease cohorts to study plasminogen, we validated previous findings while suggesting a potentially novel relationship between plasmin (ogen) uria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Together, these findings suggest a role for plasmin (ogen) in mediating glomerular injury and as a viable targetable biomarker for podocyte-sparing treatments., (© 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)
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- 2020
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14. Kidney tissue engineering for precision medicine.
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Anandakrishnan N and Azeloglu EU
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- Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Design, Humans, Kidney Diseases drug therapy, Nephrology trends, Precision Medicine, Tissue Engineering trends
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- 2020
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15. LIM-Nebulette Reinforces Podocyte Structural Integrity by Linking Actin and Vimentin Filaments.
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Ge X, Zhang T, Yu X, Muwonge AN, Anandakrishnan N, Wong NJ, Haydak JC, Reid JM, Fu J, Wong JS, Bhattacharya S, Cuttitta CM, Zhong F, Gordon RE, Salem F, Janssen W, Hone JC, Zhang A, Li H, He JC, Gusella GL, Campbell KN, and Azeloglu EU
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- Animals, Cell Culture Techniques, Cytoskeletal Proteins physiology, Humans, Kidney Diseases etiology, LIM Domain Proteins physiology, Mice, Rats, Actins physiology, Intermediate Filaments physiology, Kidney Diseases pathology, Kidney Glomerulus pathology, Podocytes pathology, Vimentin physiology
- Abstract
Background: Maintenance of the intricate interdigitating morphology of podocytes is crucial for glomerular filtration. One of the key aspects of specialized podocyte morphology is the segregation and organization of distinct cytoskeletal filaments into different subcellular components, for which the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood., Methods: Cells from rats, mice, and humans were used to describe the cytoskeletal configuration underlying podocyte structure. Screening the time-dependent proteomic changes in the rat puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy model correlated the actin-binding protein LIM-nebulette strongly with glomerular function. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunogold labeling were used to determine Nebl expression specificity in podocytes. Automated high-content imaging, super-resolution microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), live-cell imaging of calcium, and measurement of motility and adhesion dynamics characterized the physiologic role of LIM-nebulette in podocytes., Results: Nebl knockout mice have increased susceptibility to adriamycin-induced nephropathy and display morphologic, cytoskeletal, and focal adhesion abnormalities with altered calcium dynamics, motility, and Rho GTPase activity. LIM-nebulette expression is decreased in diabetic nephropathy and FSGS patients at both the transcript and protein level. In mice, rats, and humans, LIM-nebulette expression is localized to primary, secondary, and tertiary processes of podocytes, where it colocalizes with focal adhesions as well as with vimentin fibers. LIM-nebulette shRNA knockdown in immortalized human podocytes leads to dysregulation of vimentin filament organization and reduced cellular elasticity as measured by AFM indentation., Conclusions: LIM-nebulette is a multifunctional cytoskeletal protein that is critical in the maintenance of podocyte structural integrity through active reorganization of focal adhesions, the actin cytoskeleton, and intermediate filaments., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Nephrology.)
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- 2020
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16. Enhanced production of laccase from Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 by nutrient optimization using response surface methodology.
- Author
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Arockiasamy S, Krishnan IP, Anandakrishnan N, Seenivasan S, Sambath A, and Venkatasubramani JP
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- Culture Media, Industrial Microbiology methods, Laccase biosynthesis, Trametes enzymology
- Abstract
Plackett and Burman design criterion and central composite design were applied successfully for enhanced production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 for the first time. Plackett and Burman design criterion was applied to screen the significance of ten nutrients on laccase production by C. versicolor NCIM 996. Out of the ten nutrients tested, starch, yeast extract, MnSO(4), MgSO(4) x 7H(2)O, and phenol were found to have significant effect on laccase production. A central composite design was applied to determine the optimum concentrations of the significant variables obtained from Plackett-Burman design. The optimized medium composition for production of laccase was (g/l): starch, 30.0; yeast extract, 4.53; MnSO(4), 0.002; MgSO(4) x 7H(2)O, 0.755; and phenol, 0.026, and the optimum laccase production was 6,590.26 (U/l), which was 7.6 times greater than the control.
- Published
- 2008
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