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High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in pediatric population from different parts of the country. However, this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in children. To assess the serum Vitamin D level and also to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Gwalior, a major northern city of Madhya Pradesh. Cross sectional descriptive study The serum 25(OH)D levels of 258 children from age five to below 18 years, attending the out-patient clinics of the hospital were analyzed from June 2021 to Dec 2021. Data being non-parametric was presented as median and interquartile range. The group differences were computed by Mann Whitney U test. A p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. 60% of the study population had insufficient levels of Vitamin D, with girls having significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D. Only 27% of adolescents had optimum level of serum Vitamin D. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and Vitamin D deficiency was found among the children living in the urban and sub urban areas of Gwalior city in northern Madhya Pradesh India.

Agoraphobia has been defined as marked fear or anxiety being in enclosed or open places, using public transportation, and being in a crowd or outside of home alone. Such individuals make active attempts to avoid those places which cause intense distress. The neuronal areas that play a significant role in agoraphobia are uncinate fasciculus, which connects the prefrontal lobe and amygdala and various alterations in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback which teaches self-control of brain functions by measuring brain waves with the help of electroencephalography (EEG) and providing a feedback signal. With the help of alpha and beta training protocol, neurofeedback therapy will help in enhancing the connectivity between prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy as an adjunct treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with agoraphobia disorder. A single case study method was adopted. The patient having the symptoms of agoraphobia disorder diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria was taken in the study. After going through detailed case history and mental status examination, the patient was assessed on psychological measures on baseline and other follow-up visits. A total of 18 therapeutic sessions of neurofeedback therapy (alpha and beta protocol) along with CBT were conducted. Intermittent assessments on Draw A Person Test (DAPT), EEG parameters, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) were conducted to compare the pre- and post-assessment findings. The results indicated significant improvement in the symptoms of the patient after intervention. The pre- and post-assessment findings and the neurofeedback therapy along with CBT were observed to be effective in treating the symptoms of agoraphobia. Neurofeedback therapy and CBT were proven to be effective in removing the symptoms of agoraphobia disorder within the patient.

Introduction: Enormous amounts of hazardous and infectious waste are produced in hospitals across the world in the course of various biomedical procedures. India produces approximately 2kg/bed/day. India has well established protocols for handling and management of biomedical waste, namely, the BMW (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000. These rules mandate healthcare facilities to segregate disinfect and dispose biomedical wastes in a manner which protects the safety of healthcare professionals as well as that of the environment. Aims and Objectives: To find out the levels and areas of gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices towards BMW management among various health care personnel. Material and Methods: A before and after interventional study was carried out on 150 participants from J.A.H. group of Hospitals, Gwalior. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was prepared and used for data collection. A Planned teaching and audiovisual presentation for the biomedical waste management was prepared and applied for assessment. Results: Out of 150 participants, before the educational intervention the level of knowledge about bio medical waste management among senior doctors and junior doctors were 70.0% and 65.0 respectively and significantly (p

Background: The increasing mental health problems of Indian adolescents are of great concern but child-health mental service is in a nascent stage. Anxiety is the most common psychological problem found in school-going children. The psychological intervention for this high-risk population at an early stage of adolescence can prevent mental health problems. Aim: The study aimed to assess the applicability and effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on resilience and anxiety of early school-going adolescents with anxiety. Method: This study used pre, post, and follow-up with a randomized control group design. Out of 200 samples screened by Preliminary Identification Performa and Clinical Interview Schedule (PI&CI), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS-C), 72 samples aged between 10 to 14 were included in the final study and grouped into two equal groups through a simple randomized method. Psychological intervention based on mindfulness (PIBM) group with N = 36 received 12 sessions of mindfulness-based intervention (MBCT-C) but only 33 completed up to follow-up. Only N = 32 in Treatment Waiting List (TWL) group completed three assessments who received parental counseling about anxiety. The outcome measures were Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), SCAS, Bharathiar University Resilience Scale (BURS). Result: The findings suggested that the PIBM group significantly improved in mindfulness and resilience, and anxiety symptoms were reduced. The effect size observed is strong and the post hoc t-test showed significant change in variables in every assessment duration. The TWL group did not have significant change. Thus MBCT-C is an applicable and effective intervention for a early school-going adolescent with anxiety.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder that is characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. OCD can occur in a wide range of subtypes, which may include sexual OCD, i.e., the occurrence of intrusive sexual thoughts. People with sexual OCD may experience unwanted obsessive sexual thoughts about a family member, dead or inanimate objects, animals, God, or children, which can range from mild to severe levels of occurrence. The psychodynamic perspective on OCD suggests that the content of obsessive thinking is commonly drawn from primitivized sexuality and aggression. It further suggests that in the absence of key relationships that include emotional proximity, mirroring and containment, and attunement, a child experiences a void-like state. Consequently, the anxiety that arises in the child leads to a form of liveliness in a “dead” inner world. However, it occurs out of a sense of abandonment and loss of good objects, and ultimately out of fear of annihilation. As a result, the child resorts to maladaptive defense mechanisms. The study attempts to explore the adverse early childhood experiences such as parental neglect, mother–father conflict, and lack of parental love and care leading to fixation in psychosexual stages of development, which further leads to the adoption of maladaptive defense mechanisms that in turn further contribute to the development of obsessional personality traits. This study aims to explain the psychodynamic perspective on the emergence of sexual obsessions by proceeding with a case study approach by taking a diagnosed case of OCD. A comprehensive psychodiagnostic assessment was conducted with the help of Draw-a-Person Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank, and Million’s Comprehensive Multiaxial Inventory. The analysis of the assessment protocol revealed a strong relationship between the defense mechanism, personality traits, and the development of obsessive symptoms.

Silver-based nanomaterials have etched an indelible mark in multiple domains. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has received significant attention over the last few years vis-à-vis the conventional use of toxic chemicals and reagents in the preparatory stages. In this milieu, the work reported here highlights the use of an aqueous extract of teff (Eragrostis tef) flour to prepare silver nanoparticles (TSNPs). The compositional abundance of various phytochemicals, sunlight-induced bio-reduction of silver ions, and subsequent stabilization of the nanostructures by teff’s biomolecules were adroitly exploited. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis was employed to track the evolution of the TSNPs over time and their month-long storage stability. Exhibiting λmax at around 426 nm and energy gap (as revealed by Tauc’s plot) of 2.26 eV, the silver nanomaterial was employed for methylene blue dye degradation (50% degradation in less than 50 min) and DPPH scavenging (IC50 = 243.42 µL containing 410 µg of TSNPs), attesting their catalytic and anti-oxidant potency. On the other hand, anticoagulant action and a concentration-dependent variation were noted for radicle length post germination of Cicer arientinum seeds, treated with the TSNPs. The TSNPs could have profound implications in multiple domains.

This work aims to characterize a new class of automaton with input as multisets. First, we introduce two finite monoids through different congruence relations on multiset associated with lattice-valued multiset finite automata and show that they are isomorphic to each other. Next, we present the quotient structure of lattice-valued multiset finite automata by defining an admissible relation on the set of states of a given lattice-valued multiset finite automata. Then we show that there is an isomorphism between lattice-valued multiset finite automata and the quotient structure of another lattice-valued multiset finite automata. Finally, we introduce the concept of reachability, observability (coreachability), and response maps of lattice-valued multiset finite recognizer. Interestingly, we show that the lattice-valued response map of a lattice-valued multiset finite recognizer leads us to provide a characterization of a lattice-valued multiset regular language.

The goal of this contribution is to propose [Formula: see text]-valued [Formula: see text]-transforms, which are essentially the many-valued generalizations of the notion of lattice-valued [Formula: see text]-transforms. Further, we associate the concepts of [Formula: see text]-valued fuzzy rough sets and [Formula: see text]-graded fuzzy topologies/co-topologies with [Formula: see text]-valued [Formula: see text]-transforms. Moreover, we show an interesting relationship between [Formula: see text]-valued [Formula: see text]-transforms and [Formula: see text]-valued fuzzy transformation systems.

In category theory, Galois connection plays a significant role in developing the connections among different structures. The objective of this work is to investigate the essential connections among several categories with a weaker structure than that of [Formula: see text]-fuzzifying topology, viz. category of [Formula: see text]-fuzzifying approximation spaces based on reflexive [Formula: see text]-fuzzy relations, category of [Formula: see text]-fuzzifying pretopological spaces and the category of [Formula: see text]-fuzzifying interior (closure) spaces. The interrelations among these structures are shown via the functorial diagram.

The review inspects the empirical literature on the efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive re-training of children with Specific learning disabilities (SLD). SLD children are characterized by an average and above-average IQ but there exist significant deficits in their language processing skills. Cognitive re-training is a training process that serves as remediation for people with underdeveloped cognitive abilities through intensive practice. It utilizes the principle of “brain plasticity” and is an endeavor to strengthen the deficit cognitive abilities of people by practicing various well-defined tasks and exercises. Cognitive re-training can be provided in both ways manualized or computerized. Computer-assisted re-training seems more interesting, innovative, is multisensory and motivating for children. This research review aims to put together the primary research done in the area and tries to evaluate the effectiveness of using such intervention on children with a specific learning disability. In a country like India which has a vast & widespread population reaching out to children with a specific learning disability by using manualized intervention seems a distant reality, together with a handful of trained therapists working in the field. Keeping in view such circumstances there is an urgent need to identify ways which can be used as an intervention for the mass population and in remote areas of the country. In doing so, this review also attempts to lay a base and explore the possibility of utilizing this novel way of providing interventions to children with Specific learning disability.

In this note, we show that, in the paper [Zhong Y, Yan CH. Intuitionistic L-fuzzy rough sets, intuitionistic L-fuzzy preorders and intuitionistic L-fuzzy topologies. Fuzzy Inf Eng. 2016;8:255–279.]...

The context-specific, complex issue of ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is explicated in terms of delay or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccine services. Although eleven million beneficiaries were administered the COVID-19 vaccine in India from 16th January 2021 till 20th February 2021, however, proportionately a low turnout has been registered in various parts of the country, possibly attributable to hesitance/apprehension towards the current vaccination. In this backdrop, we report the response (collected between Feb 1, 2021 and Feb 15, 2021) of 358 voluntary respondents who participated in an online questionnaire-based pan-India survey, executed to assess their knowledge and acceptance towards the current COVID-19 vaccination program in its first phase. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics of the respondents and queries pertaining to knowledge (7 items) and acceptance (3 items). The overall correct rate and the average knowledge score of the participants were 78 % and 5.46 ± 1.4/7 respectively. The acceptance score was 3.50 ± 1.6/5 while 70 % of participants agreed against the 20 % of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed to take the vaccine. Around 66 % believed that the vaccines, currently being administered in India are safe. Fear about possible side effects (44 %) and inadequacy of comprehensive clinical trial data (29 %), seemed to be the major players in fortifying the vaccine hesitancy among the respondents, exhibiting negative acceptance. Although maximum respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge (82%) and acceptance (88%), significant differences were observed among some demographic variables. In general, a positive correlation was observed between knowledge and acceptance against a negative correlation, observed in specific provinces. Despite the good acceptance and knowledge, a considerable fraction of the participants (30%) expressed hesitancy. Counselling, mobilization, and feedback from vaccinated individuals about safety should be encouraged. However, due to the limited sample size, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings. Nevertheless, the major elucidations of this study may be utilized in planning vaccination campaigns in further phases.

During development, organs must form with precise shapes and sizes. Organ morphology is not always obtained through growth; a classic counterexample is condensation of the nervous system duringDrosophilaembryogenesis. The mechanics underlying such condensation remain poorly understood. Here, we combinein totolive-imaging, biophysical and genetic perturbations, and atomic force microscopy to characterize the condensation of theDrosophilaventral nerve cord (VNC) during embryonic development at both subcellular and tissue scales. This analysis reveals that condensation is not a unidirectional continuous process, but instead occurs through oscillatory contractions alternating from anterior and posterior ends. The VNC mechanical properties spatially and temporally vary during its condensation, and forces along its longitudinal axis are spatially heterogeneous, with larger ones exerted between neuromeres. We demonstrate that the process of VNC condensation is dependent on the coordinated mechanical activities of neurons and glia. Finally, we show that these outcomes are consistent with a viscoelastic model of condensation, which incorporates time delays due to the different time scales on which the mechanical processes act, and effective frictional interactions. In summary, we have defined the complex and progressive mechanics driving VNC condensation, providing insights into how a highly viscous tissue can autonomously change shape and size.

The global debacle, ushered in by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs no elaboration. India has documented 10.5 million cases, of which 10.1 million have recovered while more than 151 thousand people have succumbed to the pandemic as of January 10, 2021. Of late, the second wave of the infection and new variants of the virus have also surfaced across various latitudes and longitudes of the globe. Various control measures have been adopted globally, however, the success and effectiveness of the control measures are affected by people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the pandemic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of KAP toward COVID-19 among the Indian public. A cross-sectional online survey of Indian public was conducted between 18th May 2020 and 24th June 2020. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, pertaining to knowledge (15 items), attitude (10 items), and practices (7 items), modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. A total of 566 persons completed the survey. The overall correct rate and the average score of the knowledge questionnaire were 75.8 % and 13.6 ± 2.7 respectively. Attitude and practice scores were respectively 3.55 ± 0.45/5 and 2.75 ± 0.43/3 towards COVID-19, respectively. Maximum respondents demonstrated moderate level of knowledge (67.6 %) and attitude (96 %) while 81.9 % were found to follow good practices towards the pandemic. A positive correlation was observed between knowledge towards practice and attitude towards practices. Despite the good practice skills, a considerable percentage (6 %) of respondents never wore nose masks, washed hands, and maintained social distance during the outbreak. By the same token, 3.2 %, and 14.9 % of the public were in high and in the medium risk of infection, respectively. Due to the limited sample, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to whole populations. Nevertheless, the study highlighted the indispensability of befitting health education programs aimed at improving KAP among the mass.

Background: Chabro is a strain of poultry birds especially designed for backyard farming and is more adoptive to climatic variations in the tropics. The thyroid gland plays an important role in controlling basal metabolic rate. Histochemical changes of the gland in association with seasonal changes have not been studied so far in Chabro chicken. The present study describes the season related variations in the histochemistry of thyroid gland. Methods: The histochemical study was conducted on thyroid gland of eight to ten weeks old 24 apparently healthy Chabro chickens procured from Poultry Farm, DUVASU, Mathura. The birds were divided into two groups consisting of 12 chickens in each group reared in summer and winter seasons.Result: The capsule showed mild reaction for PAS, protein and glycogen. Follicular cells showed intense reaction for bound lipids, protein and alkaline phosphatase. The colloid in summer season showed strong reaction for PAS at periphery and very strong reaction at center while in winter colloid showed strong PAS positive activity. The Chabro chicken thyroid was functionally more active in winter as compared to summer season because of increased diameter of all follicles and concentration of thyroid hormones level in winter season.

This paper investigates the essential connections among several categories with a weaker structure than that of L-fuzzifying topology, namely category of L-fuzzifying approximation spaces based on reflexive L-fuzzy relations, category of L-fuzzifying pretopological spaces and category of L-fuzzifying interior (closure) spaces. The interrelations among these structures are established in categorical setup.

Hierarchical assembly of nanostructures remains one of the desirable targets in nanoscience. Herewith, we report a hydrogen-bond-promoted polymeric nanoparticle (NP) system that reversibly aggregates into different microstructures upon variation of the concentration of the base in the medium. Polycarbonyl hydrazide, a polyaza-Michael adduct, formed uniform spherical NPs in solution owing to the presence of inherent CO---HNCO hydrogen-bond-based physical cross-links in the system. In the presence of the base, the CONH groups ionized to form the corresponding nitranions, and the resulting anion−π interaction between the ionic polymer NPs promoted the secondary aggregation to different shapes and sizes in the microdomain. The shape of the aggregated microparticles gradually changed from spherical to fiber through flakes upon a gradual increase in the base concentration in the medium. The modulus of these superstructures notably decreased compared to that of the original un-ionized NPs, suggesting the involve...

The objective of this work is to associate the concepts of fuzzy rough sets and fuzzy topologies/co-topologies with the F-transforms. The notions of the direct $$F^{\uparrow }$$ and $$F^{\downarrow }$$ -transforms are extended to the case where they are applied to an L-valued function on a space with an L-valued fuzzy partition. It is shown that these F-transforms are particular cases of upper and lower fuzzy approximation operators. Moreover, every F-transform component induces a continuous map between two associated fuzzy topological spaces or fuzzy co-topological spaces.

The internet of things is the step towards the digitization of our real world. IoT has given us a platform where we can connect and control over radio waves through the internet. Many IoT based appliances are already available in the market with certain limitations. This paper proposed an IoT based home appliances controlled through internet as well as by the manual switches. We have made certain modifications to these existing electronic boards. The modified system adds extra features to the existing system while retaining its existing features. This proposed IoT based prototype offers a reliable system.

The determination of radio propagation characteristics for a given terrain is a key consideration in wireless network planning. For this purpose, radio propagation models are quite useful. For this scenario most widely used models are the Empirical Propagation Models. The suitability of any propagation model depends on the terrain, clutter and other constraints. Some extensively used Empirical Model include the COST 231 Hata Model (COST 231 1999, Saunders 2000, COST 231 revision 2, 1991), COST 231-Walfisch-Ikegami Model (COST 231 1999) etc. In this paper, we have proposed coverage scenario for high rise building. A study has been done based on different parameters that significantly impact the coverage, such as antenna height, distance of the antenna to calculate the signal strength in the required building. For this analysis, we have developed MATLAB program and described different scenarios which calculates the received signal strength from a Base Station (BTS).

This paper presents a multiport power divider for base station antenna application. Over these years, power dividers have been changing their structures and technology in order to be compatible with the newer changes adopted in designing of communication systems. From being operated as a single-frequency component to being flexible with dual-frequency bands, Wilkinson power dividers have come a long way to become an important and integral part of various RF/microwave devices. The recent technologies for cellular communication have motivated researchers to work on miniaturization and harmonic suppression of power dividers to make them more compact and efficient. Both equal and unequal power dividers are largely employed for L and S-Band applications (GSM, CDMA, Personnel communication systems). S- Parameters such a return loss, insertion loss and isolation between output ports plays an important role in their designing.In this paper the sector microstrip multiple port power dividers is analyzed by using the fullwave finite element method. Design a new type power divider with different geometrical and physical parameters namely the substrate dielectric constant, substrate height and power divider radius. The maximum error in calculating the centre frequency of the power divider does not exceed. 10-port, 7-port, 5-port, 4-port and 3-port, sector microstrip power dividers are realized on epoxy substrates using PCB fabrication. Good agreement is found between the experimental and numerical results obtained from both the finite element method and the ready-made software package HFSS.

The aim of this research work is to introduce and study the lattice $F-$transform for functions in two variables. The study of such $F-$transform is based on generalized fuzzy partition (not necessarily finite) of the universe.

Use of internet facility has increased in recent few years. It has observed that mostly youngsters have been affected from recent development of information and communication technology (Maurya et al., 2018).The present study explores the impact of excessive use of internet on quality of life of young adults. A sample of 60 young adults has been selected from Delhi/NCR region out of 60, 23 individuals fulfilled the criteria of internet addiction. A personal data sheet consisting age, gender, religion, education etc., and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used as a screening test fallowed by WHO Quality of Life Scale BREF (WHOQOL BREEF).Findings suggested that there is no significant difference in patterns to use of internet among young adults male and female. Findings of the present study also depicted negative correlation between addiction and quality of life which may clinically significant but not statistically proven. Thus, it can be noted that internet use is not only the sole predictor of influencing one’s quality of life.

Regulatory elements play a critical role in development process of eukaryotic organisms by controlling the spatio-temporal pattern of gene expression. Enhancer is one of these elements which contributes to the regulation of gene expression through chromatin loop or eRNA expression. Experimental identification of a novel enhancer is a costly exercise, due to which there is an interest in computational approaches to predict enhancer regions in a genome. Existing computational approaches to achieve this goal have primarily been based on training of high-throughput data such as transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), DNA methylation, and histone modification marks etc. On the other hand, purely sequence based approaches to predict enhancer regions are promising as they are not biased by the complexity or context specificity of such datasets. In sequence based approaches, machine learning models are either directly trained on sequences or sequence features, to classify sequences as enhancers or non-enhancers. In this paper, we derived statistical and nonlinear dynamic features along with k-mer features from experimentally validated sequences taken from Vista Enhancer Browser through random walk model and applied different machine learning based methods to predict whether an input test sequence is enhancer or not. Experimental results demonstrate the success of proposed model based on Ensemble method with area under curve (AUC) 0.86, 0.89, and 0.87 in B cells, T cells, and Natural killer cells for histone marks dataset.

The focus is on two spaces with a weaker structure than that of a fuzzy topology. The first one is a fuzzy pretopological space, and the second one is a space with an L-fuzzy partition. For a fuzzy pretopological space, we prove that it can be determined by a Cech interior operator and that the latter can be represented by a reflexive fuzzy relation. For a space with an L-fuzzy partition, we show that a lattice-valued \(F^{\downarrow }\)-transform is a strong Cech-Alexandrov fuzzy interior operator. Conversely, we found conditions that guarantee that a given L-fuzzy pretopology determines the L-fuzzy partition and the corresponding \(F^{\downarrow }\)-transform operator.

In this paper a novel compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter is proposed. A wideband band pass filter for microwave and millimeter-wave systems is investigated at 80 GHz center frequency with 10.5% fractional bandwidth. A Conductor backed coplanar waveguide is inserted in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure as transition to achieve sharper skirt characteristics. Simulated results show good passband characteristics over a frequency range 75.9 GHz to 84.3 GHz depicting 0.1 dB insertion loss and minimum of 56 dB return loss.

The goal of the present work is to propose residuated lattice based fuzzy variable precision F-transform. We show that the several existing F-transform concepts are the particular cases of the F-transform proposed. Moreover, we investigate the approximation properties of F-transforms.

Imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (imaging FCS), or the acquisition of fluorescence correlation functions at contiguous points in an imaging format, is a recent addition to quantitative bioimaging. Imaging FCS has been implemented in various modalities. These techniques provide excellent time resolution, have single molecules sensitivity and can be combined with super-resolution techniques, thus combining high spatial and temporal resolution. Although still at its beginning it has been applied in different forms to biological problems. This review looks at applications of imaging FCS in the last two years with the aim to give the reader an overview of the capabilities of these new techniques.

This paper shows critical review of substrate Integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Dielectric filled waveguide is converted into SIW with periodic arrangement of metallized holes on both sides of the it. SIW exhibit high pass response of conventional waveguide and band stop characteristics of periodic design. So filters designed using SIW exhibit less loss, less cost, less weight, high quality factor and high power handling capability. Various SIW passive and active circuits has been studied. Numerical method for modeling and design of SIW components is shown. A SIW has been designed showing insertion loss less than 0.1 dB. Design solutions for loss reduction are also discussed. Future design scope mainly aiming at Systems-on-Substrate integration of SIW components at higher frequencies including Ultra Wide Band range are also discussed.

The sense of taste is among the regulatory mechanism for acceptance or rejection of foods. In oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients, impairment of taste sensation has not received much attention, owing to limited research work in the field. This study was conducted to analyze the taste impairment in OSMF patients by using four basic tastes: Sweet, sour, salty and bitter, among a group of 30 subjects by using physiological taste stimuli tastants. In OSMF, significant taste alteration was found with sweet followed by salt, bitter and sour.