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Background: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a common cause of congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA). The heterogeneity of clinical presentation complicates the diagnosis and management of this disease. The objective was to describe the clinical, laboratory, and genetic profile of pediatric patients with PKD. Material and methods: It was a retrospective, observational study. Children and their family members presenting to the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore, India, and diagnosed with PKD during 2011–2023 were enrolled. Results: Eight patients were identified through retrospective chart reviews. Four cases were clustered in one family and affected twins in the second family. All patients had a history of neonatal jaundice; however, they varied in their severity and the requirement for transfusion support. Some patients underwent splenectomy and one had hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conclusion: PKD is a known cause of congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia with heterogeneous presentation. A high index of suspicion, enzyme assay, and genetic studies are required for diagnosis.

Abstract Background Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare condition that has only around 400 reported cases so far. Typically, the superior mesenteric artery branches off the abdominal aorta at 45° to create an aortomesenteric distance of 10–28 mm, with the duodenum passing through. However, if this aortomesenteric angle reduces to less than 25°, the third portion of the duodenum becomes compressed between the SMA and aorta, causing mechanical obstruction. Case presentation This case report aims to demonstrate the diagnostic difficulties and the laparoscopic management of a 52-year-old Indian male presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting, with associated weight loss. Imaging was further suggestive of high intestinal obstruction, and he was later found to have superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Conclusion Taking into account a significant reduction in morbidity, we propose laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy to be the new procedure of choice for superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is common in clinical practice, with a reported prevalence of 2.4% in the general population. There are numerous aetiologies for peripheral neuropathy like diabetes, ischaemia, vasculitis, inflammatory demyelinating disorders, nutritional deficiencies, paraproteinemic disorders, paraneoplastic syndromes, toxic exposures, and hereditary neuropathies. An exhaustive haematological, biochemical, and serological work-up, cerebrospinal fluid evaluation, electrodiagnostic tests, and nerve biopsy are required when overlapping clinical features present a diagnostic challenge. Aim: To analyse the histopathological characteristics of nerve biopsies in individuals with peripheral neuropathy. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Kasturba Medical College from January 2011 to December 2016. Nerve biopsies received in the Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospitals in the Ambedkar Circle and Attavar area, as well as at Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India were studied. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from biopsy requisition forms and patient case records from the aforementioned hospitals. Results were presented in numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 134 nerve biopsies were included in the study. The age range of all cases studied was 7-86 years, with a mean age of 51.8 years. The study population consisted of 63.4% males and 36.6% females, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. Vasculitic Neuropathy (VN) accounted for 38.1% cases, followed by chronic inflammatory neuropathies (21.7%) and Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) (12.6%). Other diagnosis included ischaemic neuropathy (6.7%), Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy (HMSN) (3.7%), subacute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (3.0%), as well as two cases each of Hansen’s neuritis, amyloid neuropathy, and acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (1.5% each). One case of toxic neuropathy (0.7%) was identified, while 9.0% of cases displayed histological features that were either non specific or not characteristic of any specific diagnosis. Conclusion: Vasculitic neuropathy was found to be the most common aetiology of peripheral neuropathy, followed by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) and DN. The histopathological examination of nerve biopsies is a useful tool in distinguishing between diseases with overlapping clinical features, confirming or excluding vasculitis, and diagnosing hereditary conditions in settings where genetic testing is unavailable or unaffordable.

Nidhi Sharma,1 Meenakshi Gupta,1 Pragya Anand,2 Yusuf Akhter,2 Noura Al-Dayan,3 Hind Abdul Majed,4 Subhrajit Biswas,5 Sher Ali,6 Maryam Sarwat1 1Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India; 2Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India; 3Department of Medical Laboratory, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India; 6VC Office, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, IndiaCorrespondence: Maryam Sarwat, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India, Tel +91-9990373875, Email msarwat@amity.edu; maryam21_7@yahoo.comBackground: The accumulation of poorly folded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes ER stress and contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current therapies have various adverse effects, therefore, laying the need for an alternative approach. Kaempferol (KP), a naturally occurring flavonoid, possesses potent anti-proliferative properties against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, its involvement in HCC remains relatively unexplored, particularly regarding its influence on apoptosis and autophagy pathways.Methods: The effect of KP on cell viability, and motility of Hep3B cells was evaluated by MTT, and scratch assay, respectively. Hoechst staining and FACS analysis were done to check the effect of KP on apoptosis and cell cycle progression. qRTPCR was used to evaluate the expression of several apoptosis and autophagy-related genes. KP was docked with several ER stress-related proteins involved in HCC to gain further insights into molecular mechanisms. The results of docking studies were validated with MD simulation and in vitro studies.Results: Treatment with KP at different time intervals showed dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition of liver cancer cells. KP decreased motility and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in Hep3B cells. Additionally, in the context of HCC, the relationship between KP, apoptosis, and autophagy is significant. It induced apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and Bid, Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3. KP showed a better binding affinity with Nrf2, PERK, and IRE1α among all selected proteins. Further, it reversed the protective effect of 4-PBA (ER Stress inhibitor) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells.Conclusion: The study suggested KP as a potential chemopreventive agent for managing HCC by effectively inducing apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells. Keywords: kaempferol, HCC, autophagy, apoptosis, ER-stress

Context: Diabetes has emerged as a major chronic public health problem throughout the world. Self-management by diabetes patients is very important for controlling blood sugar levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Aims: The present study was conducted to study self-management practices among diabetes patients and to analyse socio-demographic factors associated with them. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 230 randomly selected diabetes patients in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The self-management practices were measured by the diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ). Statistical Analysis Used: The association of the DSMQ score with socio-demographic factors and blood sugar level was analysed by statistical tests like the T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey’s honestly significant difference, and Chi-square test. Results: The mean DSMQ score of the diabetes patients was 29.55 ± 5.98. There was a significant difference between the mean DSMQ score and the educational level (P value = 0.009), residential status (P value = 0.037), and duration of diabetes (P value = 0.006). The subcomponent analysis of the DSMQ score revealed that the glucose management score of rural people (9.38 ± 3.36) was significantly higher (P value = 0.006) than that of urban people (8.32 ± 2.46), and the diet control score was significantly higher (P value = 0.02) in patients with normal post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS) (7.64 ± 2.18) than in patients with raised PPBS (6.96 ± 2.12). Conclusions: Higher educational level, rural background, and long duration of diabetes were associated with better self-management practices. The patients with normal blood sugar levels showed higher diet control scores than the patients with raised blood sugar levels.

Abstract This work focuses on the prediction and comparison of the fatigue life of topologically optimized pads in an externally adjustable fluid film (EAFF) bearing. It integrates one-way/two-way fluid–structure interaction analysis, topological optimization (TO), and design modifications of the pad of an externally adjustable fluid film bearing. The major goal is to create an optimum pad design that minimizes weight and maintains structural integrity, and then to predict and compare the fatigue life of these alternative designs. The outcomes of the present study are as follows: (i) Two-way FSI results show a decrease of 65.64% in hydrodynamic fluid film pressure when compared to one-way FSI results because they take into account modifications in the fluid region's geometry caused by pad deformation; (ii) even though the maximum pad deformation in optimized pad geometry (Type-4) resulting from oil film pressure is relatively small (0.0036551 mm), the influence of pad deformation on the fluid domain due to hydrodynamic fluid film pressure cannot be understated; and (iii) when comparing the TO technique's results with fatigue life results, four elongated holes in the radial direction (Type-4) are most appropriate.

Abstract Background Autofluorescence (AF)‐Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect tumour tissue in surgically excised skin specimens. The technique does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diagnosis maps within 30 min. Objectives To explore the clinical application of AF‐Raman microscopy to detect residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) positive margins in ex vivo skin specimens excised during real‐time Mohs surgery. To investigate the ability to analyse skin specimens from different parts of the head‐and‐neck areas and detect nodular, infiltrative and superficial BCC. Methods Fifty Mohs tissue layers (50 patients) were investigated: 27 split samples (two halves) and 23 full‐face samples. The AF‐Raman results were compared to frozen section histology, carried out intraoperatively by the Mohs surgeon and postoperatively by dermatopathologists. The latter was used as the standard of reference. Results The AF‐Raman analysis was completed within the target time of 30 min and was able to detect all subtypes of BCC. For the split specimens, the AF‐Raman analysis covered 97% of the specimen surface area and detected eight out of nine BCC positive layers (similar to Mohs surgeons). For the full‐face specimens, poorer contact between tissue and cassette coverslip led to lower coverage of the specimen surface area (92%), decreasing the detection rate (four out of six positives for BCC). Conclusions These preliminary results, in particular for the split specimens, demonstrate the feasibility of AF‐Raman microscopy for rapid assessment of Mohs layers for BCC presence. However, for full‐face specimens, further work is required to improve the contact between the tissue and the coverslip to increase sensitivity.

Introduction: Regional anaesthesia is the standard technique for lower limb infraumbilical procedures. To provide a better analgesic profile, adjuvants are added to local anaesthetics to enhance their action. Opioids have been used as an adjuvant for a long-time. With evolving pharmacology, various drugs satisfy the criteria of being an adjuvant. One such drug is Dexmedetomidine, a novel alpha-2 agonist. Aim: To compare the duration of analgesia of intrathecal Morphine and Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in a subarachnoid block for lower limb infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: In this randomised clinical, double-blinded study conducted in a multispecialty hospital over the period of June 2020 to February 2021, 70 patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group M received Morphine 125 μg, and Group D received dexmedetomidine 5 μg as an adjuvant to 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The primary outcome was to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia. The secondary results assessed the block characteristics, haemodynamic parameters, rescue analgesic consumption, sedation score, and side-effects like bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory depression. Data was spread in an Excel sheet and descriptive analysis done. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using a Student’s t-test, and discrete variables were compared using a Chi-square test. A p-value of

Abstract Background In patients with spinal cord compression behind the cervical vertebra who presented with myelopathy, one of the treatment modalities is anterior cervical corpectomy followed by insertion of graft or implant. Autogenous bone graft has been the choice of implant for corpectomy in the past, but due to donor site complications, it has been majorly replaced with other implants like titanium made expandable and non-expandable cages. Studies on titanium made implants for cervical compressive myelopathy have mostly focused on expandable cages with separate plates. Studies on hybrid cages and winged expandable titanium cages with (WETC) are lacking, especially in patients with poor Nurick grade. Here, we present clinical outcomes and side effects of WETC use following cervical corpectomy in 81 participants from a tertiary care center from Eastern India with 6 months of follow-up. Results We observed a considerable improvement in clinical outcomes which was measured using Nurick grade as mean scores changed from 4.06 ± 0.85 during the pre-operative stage to 2.85 ± 1.16 post-operation (P

Thumb tip injuries constitute one of the most common hand injuries. There are various reconstructive options for thumb tip injuries. We present our series of thumb tip injuries reconstructed using Elliot's modification of the Moberg flap, which provides like-for-like tissue. We also present our flap improvisation, which can be useful in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons.

Medical Thoracoscopy (MT) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based information regarding all aspects of MT, both as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic aid for pulmonologists across India. The consensus-based guidelines were formulated based on a multistep process using a set of 31 questions. A systematic search of published randomized controlled clinical trials, open labelled studies, case reports and guidelines from electronic databases, like PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane, was performed. The modified grade system was used (1, 2, 3 or usual practice point) to classify the quality of available evidence. Then, a multitude of factors were taken into account, such as volume of evidence, applicability and practicality for implementation to the target population and then strength of recommendation was finalized. MT helps to improve diagnosis and patient management, with reduced risk of post procedure complications. Trainees should perform at least 20 medical thoracoscopy procedures. The diagnostic yield of both rigid and semirigid techniques is comparable. Sterile-graded talc is the ideal agent for chemical pleurodesis. The consensus statement will help pulmonologists to adopt best evidence-based practices during MT for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract We present green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in water using unirradiated and Ag $$^{15+}$$ 15 + ion irradiated phytoextracts of Bergenia Ciliata leaf, Eupatorium adenophorum leaf, Rhododendron arboreum leaf and flower. The use of different plant extracts and their subsequent ion irradiation allow for successful refinement of nanoparticle size and morphology. Due to changes in reducing and capping agents the nanoparticle surface functionalization also varies which not only controls the morphology but also allows for surface oxidation and aggregation processes. In this work, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles which exhibit sizes in the range from 13 to 24 nm and having shapes like spherical, quasispherical, trigonal, hexagonal, cylindrical, dendritic assemblies, and porous nanoparticles. Owing to changes in the size and shape of the nanoparticles, their direct bandgap (2.05 eV - 2.48 eV) and local surface plasmon resonance (420 nm - 490 nm) could also be tuned. These nanoparticles are examined as SERS substrates, where their enhancement factors, limit of detection for methylene blue, and SERS substrate homogeneity have been tested. It has been observed the nanoparticles synthesized using unirradiated plant extracts present an enhancement factor of 10 $$^6$$ 6 with a limit of detection 10 $$^{-8}$$ - 8 M. Whereas nanoparticles with refined morphology and shapes upon irradiation present high enhancement factors of >10 $$^7$$ 7 and detection limit down to 10 $$^{-9}$$ - 9 M. In addition, uniformity in Raman spectra over the SERS substrates has been obtained for selected Ag NPs substrates synthesized using irradiated extracts with minimum relative standard deviation in enhancement factor < 12%.

Introduction: Epidural anaesthesia is a boon for providing prolonged analgesia for postoperative pain relief. The influence of epidural needle insertion on the onset of the block, which has not been studied previously, is significant. Aim: To analyse the effect of epidural needle entry and rotation of the needle on the onset and duration of the block. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from March 2020 to August 2021 on 70 patients undergoing leg and ankle surgeries. They were randomised into Group-ML (midline approach) and Group-PM (paramedian approach). In Group-ML, midline epidural needle entry was followed by catheter insertion. In Group-PM, the needle entry was paramedian, and the bevel was turned 45º towards the surgical site for catheter insertion. A 10 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine was administered. Postoperatively, epidural infusion was initiated using 0.125% bupivacaine with 2 μg/mL fentanyl. The time taken for catheter placement, onset of motor and sensory blockade, maximum sensory level attained, duration of sensory blockade, consumption of local anaesthetics, haemodynamic profile, and the need for rescue analgesia were monitored. Continuous data were analysed using the Student's t-test, and categorical data were analysed using the Chi-squared test with International Business Machines (IBM) statistical product and service solutions software version 27.0 Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to demographics. The mean age in Group-ML was 40.9±25.93 years, while in Group-PM it was 41.028±20.576 years, with a p-value of 0.981. The mean BMI in Group-ML was 24.91±2.998 kg/m2, while in Group-PM it was 24.96±2.527 kg/m2, which was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.944. A total of 21 males in Group-ML and 28 males in Group-PM participated in the study; the distribution was found to be statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.067. The time taken for the placement of the epidural catheter was around 288 seconds in Group-ML and 322 seconds in Group-PM, with a p-value of 0.0035. The onset of sensory block was around 17 minutes in Group-ML and 13 minutes in Group-PM, respectively, with a p-value of 0.0001. The duration of sensory block or the time taken for two-segment regression of level was around 102 minutes and 128 minutes in Group-ML and Group-PM, respectively (p-value 0.0001). The rescue analgesic was required in seven patients of Group-ML and none in Group-PM, with a p-value of 0.005. The haemodynamic profile intra and postoperatively and postoperative VAS score were statistically insignificant between the groups. Conclusion: The paramedian approach and epidural catheter insertion with the needle rotated at an angle of 45º towards the surgical side provide a rapid onset of the sensory and motor block with extended duration of the sensory blockade and reduced consumption of local anaesthetics.

Aim: Lattice is a three-dimensional technical development of the two-dimensional grid technology, which forms high-dose “islands” amid a “sea” of lower dose. When compared to grid, lattice offers enhanced dose distribution and organs-at-risk (OAR) sparing, which may be useful for big or deep-seated cancers. In this study, we used a Halcyon 2.0 (6MV) linear accelerator to treat the palliative cases with lattice radiation using volumetric modulated arc treatment (VMAT). With new machines and techniques, it's becoming more difficult to adapt and reinvent traditional grid radiation. In our study, we used VMAT to deliver high-dose radiation to the tumor while sparing the surrounding areas and normal tissues. New methodologies and the same thing we showed in our study are bringing development to lattice planning. Materials and Methods: Four patients were treated with grid technique. All the structures of respective patients were manually contoured on Eclipse SomaVision for lattice planning, important parameters include the vertex volume diameter and center-to-center spacing. Spheres were contoured in the axial slice inside the gross tumor volume. VMAT was planned with a single isocenter and multiple arcs (full arcs 360°). Optimization was set giving high priorities to the target volume, ensuring that the tumor received the required dose and that the OARs were met. Results: VMAT lattice therapy as a strategy to improve initial responsiveness while reducing OAR toxicity. All the target spheres achieved >95% of the prescription dose and dose fall-off outside the target sphere was achieved due to the ring shape sphere constraints. Conclusions: Bulky tumors were treated with lattice radiation with a high dose per fraction in this study, with the vertices receiving the specified dose and the region between the vertices being spared. As it was a task for physicists to design a lattice radiation considering the vertices and periphery regions and to achieve the OARs according to the dose constraint protocol, the VMAT plan was well realized using optimization and computation.

In this study, the crashworthiness analysis of filled and unfilled bumper beams in head-on collisions was carried out through finite element simulations. The beam design was based on popular SUV brands in India. The outer bumper or fascia was made of AA6061-T6. Various advanced filler materials, including expanded polypropylene foam (cellular), pure PM aluminum foam (cellular), carbon fiber/epoxy (fiber-reinforced composite), and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (fiber-reinforced composite), were used to fill the inner bumper beam section. Based on the type of filler for the inner bumper section, the various configurations were given a nomenclature of C-I (Unfilled), C-II (Pure powder metallurgy aluminium foam), C-III (Expanded polypropylene foam), C-IV (Carbon fiber reinforced fiber), C-V (Glass fiber reinforced polymer). Numerical simulations were conducted using Ansys Explicit Dynamics ® software. The results indicated that EPP foam-filled bumpers (C-III) performed best in terms of crashworthiness, offering both lightweight properties and effective energy absorption. CFRP-filled bumpers (C-IV) showed the next best performance, showing high energy absorption, and the highest von Mises equivalent strain among the filler materials. PM aluminum foam-filled bumpers (C-II) demonstrated improved total energy absorption compared to unfilled bumpers, whereas GFRP-filled bumpers (C-V) exhibited poor crashworthiness characteristics.

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have garnered considerable attention owed to their straightforward and cost-effective synthesis techniques, making them suitable for various applications across several fields. This paper describes a straightforward method for synthesizing CuNPs using the aqueous chemical reduction approach. A unique copper nanozyme (CNZ) is also prepared to degrade dyes. The nanoparticles were analyzed using various techniques to examine their morphological structure, optical properties, functional groups, and crystallite size via SEM, UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, and zeta potential with particle size analyzer. SEM analysis showed that the CuNPs have a cubical form, with particle size fluctuating from 250 to 300 nm. The CNZ has a flower-like structure with a typical 100 to 150 nm size. The zeta potential of CuNPs is measured to be + 23.4 mV, indicating a high level of stability for the nanoparticles. The XRD evaluation showed that the CuNPs displayed a prominent peak at an angle of 36.64°, indicating a crystallite size of 26.97 nm. The CNZ displayed a peak at 31.18 nm, corresponding to a crystallite size of 44.84 nm. The capacity of CuNPs and CNZ to degrade a combination of dyes (Methyl orange, Methyl red, Congo red, Tropaeolin-O, and Tartrazine) was investigated. The innovative approach utilizing CNZ and CuNPs resulted in a degradation percentage of 84.61 % for mixed colors. Experimental findings have demonstrated that the combined effect of CuNPs and CNZ is remarkably effective in catalytically degrading azo dyes, making it a highly efficient method for treating effluents from the textile sector and wastewater treatment.

Among various polysaccharides, alginate-based nanostructures have etched an indelible mark on the canvas of biomolecules’ delivery. Although several review articles on the use of alginates for the delivery of drugs and other bio-active agents can be retrieved from various literature repositories, however, the progress in the realm of alginate-based nanomaterials and its nanocomposites for nucleic acid/gene delivery has not been specifically reviewed of late. In this context, the write up in this article is geared off with highlights on alginate's structure-bioactivity concert, molecular modulations, and brief description about the different approaches to fabricate its various nanostructures. The subsequent section is then specifically streamlined towards comprehending the formulation, the biophysicochemical features and applications of alginate-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for nucleic acid/ gene delivery applications to address various biomedical issues, as attested by a couple of topical investigations. Representative studies on gene delivery using alginate-based nanobiomaterials in research pertaining to cancer therapy, macrophage targeting and repolarization, intestine-inflammation targeting, bone regeneration, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease therapy and wound healing therapy, amongst others are presented. Various practical snags and prospective future direction of research in the use of alginate based nanobiomaterials for gene therapy are highlighted in the concluding section.

SnSe nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical exfoliation technique, employing SnSe single crystals. Various analysis, including Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays-Elemental mapping, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ultra-Violet Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy-Photoluminescence measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, were conducted to determine the chemical composition, crystalline phase, morphological characteristics, optical properties, vibrational modes, and oxidation states of the synthesized nanoparticles. The XRD peak broadening analysis, specifically employing Williamson–Hall (W-H), Size–Strain Plot (SSP), and Halder–Wagner Method (H-W), was employed to examine particle size and intrinsic strain. Additionally, three models within the W-H method, namely the uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM), were used to investigate physical and microstructural parameters such as strain, stress, and energy density. A comprehensive comparison of the average particle size results obtained from Williamson–Hall, Size–Strain, and Halder–Wagner Methods, along with results from HR-TEM and Particle Size Analysis, was carried out. The comprehensive comparison of results from different techniques adds credibility to the reported findings.

CyberGIS—geographic information science and systems (GIS) based on advanced cyberinfrastructure—is becoming increasingly important to tackling a variety of socio-environmental problems like climate change, disaster management, and water security. While recent advances in high-performance computing (HPC) have the potential to help address these problems, the technical knowledge required to use HPC has posed challenges to many domain experts. In this paper, we present CyberGIS-Compute: a geospatial middleware tool designed to democratize HPC access for solving diverse socio-environmental problems. CyberGIS-Compute does this by providing a simple user interface in Jupyter, streamlining the process of integrating domain-specific models with HPC, and establishing a suite of APIs friendly to domain experts.

While there is clear evidence to suggest poorer outcome associated with multi-hit (MH) TP53 mutation compared to single-hit (SH) in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), data are conflicting in both higher-risk MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted an indepth analysis utilizing data from 10 US academic institutions to study differences in molecular characteristics and outcomes of SH (n= 139) versus MH (n= 243) TP53MTAML. Complex cytogenetics (CG) were more common in MH compared to SH TP53MT AML (p

Mastitis is causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry in India. The losses were mainly due to decreased milk production and treatment cost. This study was aimed to detect occurrence of mastitis in buffaloes. A total of 5,665 milk samples from buffaloes were processed for detection of mastitis by white side test (n=4,884) and culture examination (n=781). Overall, 2,808 (57.49%) milk samples were positive by white side test and 96.79% (n=756) samples were found positive by culture examination. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were detected in 54.16% (n=423) and 31.11% (n=243) of the milk samples, respectively. Mixed infection of both was found in 10.62% (n=83) samples. While, Candida spp. was detected in 0.89% (n=7) samples only. Antibiotic sensitivity assay revealed that chloramphenicol was the most sensitive antibiotic against 71.61% samples in both gram-positive and negative bacterial isolates followed by enroloxacin, amikacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gentamicin in 71.09%, 61.77%, 58.85%, 58.59% and 55.99% samples, respectively. Kanamycin was most resistant against all isolates followed by neomycin (76.36%), norfloxacin (60.99%), amoxicillin+cloxacillin (52.78%), and ceftizoxime (51.85%).

The production and reproduction of livestock is hampered by the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections. The effect of parasites ranges from anorexia, loss of body condition, anaemia, diarrhoea, protein losing enteropathy and loss of body condition apart from aforementioned direct and indirect effects on the animals leads to huge economic losses to livestock owners. In the present study, a total of 1669 faecal samples from cattle (n=550) and buffaloes (n=1119) with the history of diarrhoea or digestive disturbances were processed for presence of parasitic infections at different disease investigation laboratories (Ambala, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Rohtak) of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana from July 2021 to June 2022. All the faecal samples were processed by floatation and sedimentation methods for detection of parasitic eggs and the results revealed that 29.6% cattle and 34.7% buffaloes were positive for GI parasites. Buxtonella sulcata (17.7%), Amphistomes (5.2%), and Strongyles (6.9%) were the major parasites observed in cattle and buffaloes. The occurrence of parasitic infection was significantly higher (P0.05) between the cattle and buffaloes of geographical regions was observed. Further, analysis of month, season and age influences on prevalence of GI parasites were found to have no significant impact (P>0.05). Overall, this study helps to assess the parasitic load within the study region and helps to further devise control strategies against the parasites of bovines.

The announcement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provided a fresh direction to sustainability research that spans different disciplines. Consequently, scholarly databases made available the mapping of research publications to different SDGs, unleashing many opportunities for analysis. In this work, the top 100 Highly Cited Sustainability Researchers (HCSRs) and information related to them, such as the institutions they belong to, the type of these institutions, the geographical diversity of these researchers, and gender representation patterns, are analyzed. Also, from their publications, their publication pattern, including (i) the least and most researched SDGs, (ii) their Open Access publishing pattern, (iii) their collaboration pattern (iv) the pattern of their research impact, are analyzed. The most sought thematic areas of their research, top journals in which they publish, important research categories handled by these journals, etc., are also investigated. The most significant contribution of these researchers and their recent contributions are also discussed. The data indicates a significant disparity in research focus among the top 100 HCSRs, with most concentrating on “Good Health and Well Being,” “Zero Hunger,” and “Quality Education,” while notably fewer researchers focus on “Decent Work and Economic Growth” and “No Poverty,” underscoring the need for a more balanced research agenda across all SDGs. The study reveals that the United States, China, and the United Kingdom are the leading contributors to the top 100 HCSRs, suggesting that these countries are predominant in global sustainability research output, while nations like Iran and Saudi Arabia also make notable, albeit smaller, contributions. The institutional affiliations of HCSRs show a significant imbalance, with only 16 from private institutions compared to 84 from public ones. Specifically, it shows that out of the top 100 researchers, 93 are men, while only 7 are women. The analysis of authorship in publications by HCSRs reveals a tendency towards middle and last author positions, underscoring their collaborative and leadership roles within the research community. All these analyses can inform academia, industry, and policymakers about the most significant developments in research regarding SDGs.

Abstract. Introduction:. Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR), also known as sciatica, is a common type of radiating neurologic pain involving burning, tingling, and numbness in the lower extremities. It has an estimated lifetime prevalence as high as 43%. Objectives:. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of virtually delivered Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) on patients with LR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:. Potentially eligible patients were identified using electronic health record queries and phone screenings. Participants were then randomized to MORE or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 8 weeks, with pain intensity assessed daily. At baseline and follow-up visits, participants completed questionnaires assessing the primary outcome, disability, as well as quality of life, depression, mindful reinterpretation of pain, and trait mindfulness. Results:. In our study, patients undergoing virtual delivery of MORE had greater improvements in daily pain intensity (P = 0.002) but not in disability (P = 0.09), depression (P = 0.26), or quality of life (P = 0.99 and P = 0.89, SF-12 physical and mental component scores, respectively), relative to TAU patients. In addition, patients in MORE experienced significantly greater increases in mindful reinterpretation of pain (P = 0.029) and trait mindfulness (P = 0.035). Conclusion:. Among patients with lumbar radiculopathy, MORE significantly reduced daily pain intensity but did not decrease disability or depression symptoms. Given the long duration of symptoms in our sample, we hypothesize the discrepancy between changes in daily pain intensity and disability is due to fear avoidance behaviors common in patients with chronic pain. As the first trial of a mindfulness intervention in patients with LR, these findings should inform future integrative approaches to LR treatment, particularly when considering the increasing use of virtual interventions throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Malaria continues to be among the most lethal infectious diseases. Immediate barriers include the detection of low-parasitemia levels in asymptomatic individuals, which act as a reservoir for future infections, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in malaria-endemic, under-resourced regions. The development of technologies for field-deployable devices for early detection and targeted drugs/vaccines is an ongoing challenge. In this respect, the identification of hemozoin during the Plasmodium growth cycle presents a unique opportunity as a biomarker for malaria infection. The last decade has witnessed the development of numerous opto-/magnetic- based ultrasensitive hemozoin sensing technologies with tremendous potential of rapid and accurate malaria diagnosis and drug testing. The unique information in hemozoin formation can also shed light on the development of targeted drugs. Here, we present a comprehensive perspective on state-of-the-art hemozoin-based methodologies for detecting and studying malaria. We discuss the challenges (and opportunities) to expedite the translation of the technology as a point-of-site tool to assist in the global eradication of malaria infection.

Dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap (DMAP), first described by Quaba and Davison, is a useful tool in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons. It provides like for like tissue for the reconstruction of dorsal finger defects. It is a simple and relatively easy flap to harvest with minimal donor site morbidity. In this case series, we present our experience, applications, and surgical technique of flap harvesting.

ABSTRACTA major challenge in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of the human respiratory system is allowing for the variation of geometric scale. A methodology is proposed that enables CFD analysis from the middle through the distal airways to the alveolar level. The methodology relies on a hybrid lung geometry integrating a primary tracheobronchial tree (TBT) up to the fifth generation (section 1) and distal airway (section 2). Section 1 comprises of the middle airways reconstructed from patient CT scans. Section 2 comprises of the distal airway branching tree generated based on deterministic algorithm. The hybrid model allows the application of physiologically relevant boundary conditions in lieu of simplistic approximations used in previous studies. Two different breathing conditions are considered adapted from previous studies, representing resting and exercise activity. The predicted flow variables are assessed for numerical accuracy and validated by comparison with published experimental and numerical data.

Abstract Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) have garnered considerable attention and are increasingly being utilized in the development of protective armors for explosion and ballistic scenarios. While most research has focused on assessing the response of FMLs to single impacts, real battlefield situations often require shielding structures to endure multiple impacts. Thus, this study revolves around the creation of hybrid FMLs designed for shock shielding purposes. The primary focus is on how these laminates withstand repetitive impacts from high-intensity shock waves, aiming to pinpoint the optimal sequence that offers the highest resistance against multiple shock impacts. To establish effective shielding, a multi-layered FML configuration is employed. This configuration incorporates AA6061-T6 facing plates, ballistic-grade synthetic materials like aramid/epoxy ply, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/epoxy ply. Additionally, a paperboard/epoxy lamina is introduced to induce functional grading based on layerwise shock impedance mismatches. Shock impact experiments are conducted using a shock tube equipped with helium as the driver gas. Critical shock parameters, including Mach Number, positive impulse, and peak overpressure, are meticulously evaluated. For validation purposes, a numerical model is employed to project the damage profile as a function of radial distance across different laminate sequences. The study unveils that ply deformations are strongly influenced by the arrangement of core layers, particularly the positions of the paperboard and UHMWPE layers within the core structure. To contextualize the findings, the shock impact results obtained from this study are compared with those from prior experiments that employed nitrogen-driven shocks.

In a multi-layered shielding material, the sequence of the arrangement of the layers affects the extent of insulation to acoustic waves. In the current work, hybrid composite laminates have been taken up comprising 10 sequences, employing metallic faceplate (AA6061), paperboard, ballistic-grade aramid, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabrics with an epoxy binder. In the theoretical studies, an analytical model for the transmission loss function has been developed by incorporating the multiple wave reflection principle in combination with interface-wise acoustic impedance grading. The analytical model has been validated using the transmission loss functions from numerical and experimental studies on the different sequences. The numerical simulation has been carried out using the harmonic acoustic analysis module, on Ansys R19.0. The experimentation has been carried out on an impedance tube. The results from the analytical model are in good agreement with the experimental and numerical simulation results, the analytical model can be used for predicting the transmission losses of composite laminates.

Background: Transient increases in postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) requiring clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) have occurred with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). Objective: To evaluate onabotulinumtoxinA safety and the effect of age, gender, and maximum PVR (PVRmax) on CIC initiation in adults with OAB and urinary incontinence (UI). Design, setting, and participants: This was a pooled post hoc analysis of four placebo-controlled, multicenter randomized trials that included adults with idiopathic OAB after first onabotulinumtoxinA treatment (NCT00910845, NCT00910520, NCT01767519, NCT01945489). Patients had at least three urgency UI episodes over 3 d and at least eight micturitions per day, had inadequate management with at least one anticholinergic agent, and were willing to use CIC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We measured the following outcomes: PVRmax within 12 wk after first treatment; CIC incidence; estimated functional capacity; PVR ratio (PVR/estimated functional capacity). Results and limitations: Of 1504 patients, 87.7% were women and 88.8% were White. The mean age was 60.5 yr across 10-yr age groups, baseline PVR was 13.8–35.0 ml, and estimated functional capacity was 293.5–475.7 ml. Mean baseline PVR was 21.3 ml overall versus 34.0 ml in the group that started CIC. The CIC incidence was 6.2% for women (range 1.1–8.4%) and 10.5% for men (range 0–14.6%). Higher CIC rates were observed for PVRmax >350 ml (women 91.9%, men 84.6%) in comparison to PVRmax of 201–350 ml (women 32.5%, men 17.4%) and PVRmax

Abstract Companies can prioritize diverse types of sustainable investment finance to reflect their concerns about climate change and carbon emissions. One such investment avenue is voluntary carbon offset (VCO) projects, in which companies invest to offset their carbon footprint. However, despite growing research into what and how these companies are doing in VCO markets, much remains to be learned about the motivations for such investments. In this paper, we utilized two datasets with a natural linkage to conduct a mixed-method analysis for a group of 186 companies globally with 534 carbon offset projects in 2017. This allowed us to assess motivations that drive companies to invest in the offset projects, and how different motivations map on to specific purchase decisions which then channel into larger financial flows. We identified three corporate motivations for carbon offset investment and found that companies using carbon offsets to achieve carbon neutrality has been coupled with some companies highlighting the importance of using offsets to contribute to “company values” and “market competitiveness.” Our study uncovered two contrasting trends in offset investment. Companies driven by values and market competitiveness demonstrated a willingness to invest in high-cost projects that provide significant local co-benefits. On the other hand, companies motivated by carbon management and efficiency showed a preference for lower-cost projects, particularly those related to renewable energy.

Abstract Novel materials such as fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) have demonstrated significant potential in a variety of applications. They must contend with problems such fatigue, creep, high-speed projectile impact, and deformation at high strain rates while in use. When employed as structural materials in aircraft, especially when exposed to shock wave impact and high velocity impact, fiber-metal laminates’ high strain rate characteristics become crucial. Shock impedance matching is a revolutionary approach used for shock-tuning the separate layers. The novelty of the current work is in developing custom shielding laminates, with in-depth analysis on the response of the shock impedance tuning of individual layers on the laminate behaviour at high strain rates. In the current study, five stackups of FMLs comprising metallic (AA 6061-T6) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plies, were formulated, incorporating shock impedance matching. The fiber-polymer plies used in the FMLs include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), p-aramid for supplementing the impact resistance. Transmission loss functions (TL) estimated from the impedance tube experiments were used to indicate the shock tuning of the various laminates. The laminates underwent testing using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus to determine their properties at high strain rates ( $$350\, \textrm{s}^{-1}$$ 350 s - 1 to $$460\, \textrm{s}^{-1}$$ 460 s - 1 ). The variation in the Shock Energy (SE) absorbed by the laminates at various strain rates was analyzed as a function of the corresponding Transmission Loss employing regression. The dynamic stress-strain curves showed an increase in shock energy absorption at higher strain rates. The sequence SSP-IV and SSP-II showed the highest values of energy absorption as well as Transmission Loss.

Background Palmaris longus (PL) is a short-bellied muscle with a long tendon that merges with the palmar aponeurosis. It is supplied by the median nerve and acts as a tensor of the palmar aponeurosis and flexes the wrist. This tendon is commonly used for tendon transfers and as a donor for tendon graft. There are numerous clinical tests to detect the presence of PL like Schaeffer's test, Thompson's test, Mishra's test I, Mishra's test II, Pushpakumar's “two-finger sign” method, and AIIMS test. The principle of all these tests is to make the tendon prominent by eliciting its flexor action and then its identification by inspection and palpation.

In many workplaces, managers provide some employees with unique privileges that support their professional development and stimulate productivity and creativity. Yet with some employees more deserving of a privileged status than others, co-workers feeling left out of the inner circle may begin to exhibit feelings of envy. With workplace envy and intergroup conflicts going hand in hand, the question arises whether co-worker acceptance of employee privileges—where conflict can be constrained through an affirmative re-evaluation of co-workers’ privileged status—may lower the envy experienced by employees. Using virtual reality technology, 112 employees participated in a virtual employee meeting at a virtual organization where they were exposed to a new workforce differentiation practice. We show through our experiment that co-worker acceptance of employee privileges negatively influences workplace envy, which was partially mediated by the anticipated ostracism of employees. Moreover, we show that this effect is only found for employees with privileges, who worry more about being ostracized than their non-privileged co-workers. We anticipate that our findings will enable managers to conscientiously differentiate between their employees, using virtual reality simulations to steer employees’ thoughts and feelings in a direction that benefits both employees and organizations.

Summary: The mechanisms explaining the variability in COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild, moderate, and severe) are not fully understood. To identify key gene expression markers linked to disease severity, we employed an integrated approach, combining host-pathogen protein-protein interaction data and viral-induced host gene expression data. We analyzed an RNA-seq dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 12 projects representing the spectrum of disease severity. We identified genes showing differential expression across mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Enrichment analysis of the pathways in host proteins targeted by each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed a strong association with processes related to ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and translocation. Interestingly, most of these pathways and associated cellular machinery, including ribosomal biogenesis, ribosomal proteins, and translation, were upregulated in mild conditions but downregulated in severe cases. This suggests that COVID-19 exhibits a paradoxical host response, boosting host/viral translation in mild cases but slowing it in severe cases.

Ethnic differences exist in the United States in the interrelated problems of diabetes (DM), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and leg amputations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factor associations for subclinical PAD in a population sample of Mexican Americans using the ankle brachial (ABI) index.The ABI-High (higher of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) and ABI-Low (lower of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) were calculated to define PAD. Toe brachial index (TBI) was also calculated. 746 participants were included with an age of 53.4 ± 0.9 years, 28.3 % had diabetes mellitus (DM), 12.6 % were smokers, and 51.2 % had hypertension (HTN). Using ABI-High ≤ 0.9, the prevalence of PAD was 2.7 %. This rose to 12.7 % when an ABI-Low ≤ 0.9 was used; 4.0 % of the population had an ABI-High > 1.4. The prevalence of TBI 1.4, and TBI 1.4. Increased age, smoking, and lower education were all associated with abnormal TBI.Despite relatively younger mean age than other studied Hispanic cohorts, the present population has a high burden of ABI abnormalities. DM was a consistent risk factor for PAD. These abnormalities indicate an important underlying substrate of vascular and metabolic disease that may predispose this population to the development of symptomatic PAD and incident amputations.

PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are promising dielectrics for high-energy-density capacitors due to their reversible phase transitions during charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a new composition series, [Pb[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text](Li[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]][Zr[Formula: see text]Sn[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]]O3, with Li[Formula: see text] and Bi[Formula: see text] substitution of Pb[Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text], 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 is investigated for the microstructure evolution, ferroelectric (FE) and dielectric properties. It is found that Li[Formula: see text] and Bi[Formula: see text] substitution can significantly reduce the sintering temperature and simultaneously enhance the dielectric breakdown strength. An ultrahigh energy efficiency (94.0%) and a large energy density (3.22[Formula: see text]J/cm[Formula: see text] are achieved in the composition of [Formula: see text] with a low sintering temperature (1075∘C).

Background: The age at which first menstrual bleeding occurs in females, i.e. menarche is viewed as an excellent physiological marker of adolescent maturation. The aim of this study is to determine the mean age at menarche among girl students and to assess the influence of some Bio-Social parameters affecting it.

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the killing exerted by antibiotics on bacteria is debated. Evidence attributes part of toxicity of many antibiotics to their ability to generate ROS by interfering with cellular metabolism, but some studies dismiss the role of ROS. Bicyclomycin (BCM) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is the only known compound to inhibit E. coli transcription terminator factor Rho with no known other cellular targets. In the present study, we addressed this question by checking whether the induction of oxidative stress could explain the increased sensitivity to Bicyclomycin in the hns deleted strain even in Δkil background in E. coli. BCM evoked the generation of ROS in E. coli cells. BCM is known to cause the cell filamentation phenotype in E. coli. Performing fluorescence microscopic analysis, we show that bicyclomycin-dependent cell filamentation is associated with SOS response. RecA-GFP filaments were found to colocalize with the damaged DNA sites in the cell. Further analysis revealed that the genomic DNA was partitioned but the cell septum formation was severely affected under BCM treatment. Furthermore, we observed biofilm formation by E. coli after BCM treatment. We hypothesize that ROS production after BCM treatment could lead to cell filamentation in bacteria. A better understanding of the mode of toxicity of BCM will help us design better antibiotic treatment regimes for clinical practices, including combinatorial drug therapies. The cell filamentation phenotype observed after BCM treatment makes this antibiotic a promising drug for phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) therapy.

Adolescent pregnancy is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing regions like Nepal, where it poses significant risks to maternal and child health and perpetuates the cycle of poverty. This study focused on the marginalized Chepang community, which is endangered and faces unique challenges. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women in Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal, and also assessed their reproductive health-seeking behavior. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 217 Chepang women aged 15-20 years, and data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistical tools like frequency, and percentage were used to express the results. Pearson chi-square test, Fisher exact test were used for bivariate analysis to determine the presence of association between the dependent and independent variables. Binary logistic regression was used for further analysis. The prevalence of current adolescent pregnancy was 8.3%(18), while one-fourth had experienced prior pregnancies during their adolescence. Factors significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy included lack of education among the women and their mothers, as well as living in joint families. Additionally, number of antenatal visits and consumption of iron tablets seemed to be lower among Chepang women in comparison to the national data. Chepang women had high adolescent pregnancy rates, with low education level and joint family structure being important risk factors for it. They also had inadequate reproductive health seeking behavior. Addressing these problems requires strategies that prioritize education and raise awareness about reproductive health.

PurposeWe describe how well general pain reported in multidomain assessment tools correlated with pain-specific assessment tools; associations between general pain, activities of daily living and independence after stroke.Materials and methodsAnalyses of individual participant data (IPD) from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) described correlation coefficients examining (i) direct comparisons of assessments from pain-specific and multidomain assessment tools that included pain, (ii) indirect comparisons of pain assessments with the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and (iii) whether pain identification could be enhanced by accounting for reported usual activities, self-care, mobility and anxiety/depression; factors associated with pain.ResultsEuropean Quality of Life 3- and 5-Level (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L), RAND 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 (SF-36) or the 0–10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were available from 10/94 studies (IPD = 10,002). The 0–10 NPRS was the only available pain-specific assessment tool and was a reference for comparison with other tools. Pearson correlation coefficients between the 0–10 NPRS and (A) the EQ-5D-3L and (B) EQ5D-5 L were r = 0.572 (n = 436) and r = 0.305 (n = 1,134), respectively. mRS was better aligned with pain by EQ-5D-3L (n = 8,966; r = 0.340) than by SF-36 (n = 623; r = 0.318). BI aligned better with pain by SF-36 (n = 623; r = −0.320). Creating a composite score using the EQ-5D 3 L and 5 L comprising pain, mobility, usual-activities, self-care and anxiety/depression did not improve correlation with the 0–10 NPRS.DiscussionThe EQ-5D-3L pain domain aligned better than the EQ-5D-5L with the 0–10 NPRS and may inform general pain description where resources and assessment burden hinder use of additional, pain-specific assessments.

Over a million annual deaths from COVID-19, a disease caused by the acute respiratory distress disease corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), have spread across the globe. Researchers and scientists are focusing on developing various remedies to treat and prevent infection from the spread. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has progressed into a statutory authority for health staff in recent times. Even though PPE kits are shown to deliver sufficient protection against the disease, their disposal is seeming to be environmentally hazardous. The public bodies manage the proper disposal of PPE in compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The substantial percentage of wasted personal protective equipment kits would add to the burden of plastic on our environment. This review describes a strategy for recycling personal protective equipment kits by repurposing them into alternative fuels and using them in diesel engines.

Recent breakthroughs in component downsizing and miniaturization emphasise the requirement for deep-hole drilling with an increased aspect ratio, especially in the automobile sector for fuel injectors and the medical sector for manufacturing bone screws or surgical equipment. In this research, deep hole drilling on stainless steel AISI 316L has been conducted using an Abrasive Waterjet Machine (AWJM), and the influence of drilling variables on the material removal rate, roundness deviation of drilled holes have been evaluated to assess the machining and hole characteristics. In addition, machining parameters' statistical relevance has been investigated using a multi-parametric analysis of variance. Quadratic mathematical models for material removal rate and roundness deviation have been established by correlating drilling parameters. The Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm has been applied in this research to identify the optimal combination of deep hole drilling parameters for maximizing material removal rate and minimizing the roundness deviation. The results have been compared with Derivative-free optimization, Whale optimization, and Harmony search algorithms. The comparison revealed that the GWO algorithm performed better than other algorithms. In addition, a validation test has been carried out to confirm the accuracy of the results produced by the GWO. The images obtained from the scanning electron microscope showed that the surfaces of the deep holes are smooth. Additionally, the ploughing action was shown to be the principal mechanism responsible for removing the material.

Abstract High-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.

Arsenic contamination in groundwater due to natural or anthropogenic sources is responsible for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans and the ecosystem. The physicochemical properties of groundwater in the study area were determined in the laboratory using the samples collected across the Varanasi region of Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper analyses the physicochemical properties of water using machine learning, descriptive statistics, geostatistical and spatial analysis. Pearson correlation was used for feature selection and highly correlated features were selected for model creation. Hydrochemical facies of the study area were analyzed and the hyperparameters of machine learning models, i.e., multilayer perceptron, random forest (RF), naïve Bayes, and decision tree were optimized before training and testing the groundwater samples as high (1) or low (0) arsenic contamination levels based on the WHO 10 μg/L guideline value. The overall performance of the models was compared based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity value. Among all models, the RF algorithm outclasses other classifiers, as it has a high accuracy of 92.30%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 75%. The accuracy result was compared to prior research, and the machine learning model may be used to continually monitor the amount of arsenic pollution in groundwater. HIGHLIGHTS Arsenic contamination in groundwater was assessed using a machine learning approach.; Spatial and geostatistical analysis was performed based on the physicochemical properties of water.; Major hydrochemical facies were responsible for arsenic dissolution in groundwater aquifers of the study area.; Assessment of the models based on accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity.; Piper plot to find the type of groundwater in the study area.;

Background: Stroke is an acute vascular event that leads to increased mortality and morbidity and has a poor quality of life due to the disability it produces. The high serum ferritin levels in patients with stroke are a risk factor for poor outcomes, suggesting that increased body iron stores before the onset of a stroke may aggravate the cytotoxicity of brain ischemia. Aim and Objectives: To know the association between serum ferritin levels and ischemic stroke severity using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Material and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed serum ferritin and correlated it to stroke severity using the mRS in patients admitted with history, clinical features and radiological evidence for ischemic stroke. Results: In our study, the majority (26.5%) were between 70 to 79 years of age. The oldest patient was a 97-year-old male, and we had male predominance (54.4%). The most common stroke territory was the middle cerebral artery territory (58%). The mRS was applied to assess stroke severity in all the patients presenting within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms and correlated with serum ferritin level. The results were plotted using a scatter diagram, which showed ferritin was in an increasing trend as the mRS grading was increasing, which signifies the higher the ferritin, more the severity of the stroke with a significant p-value. Conclusion: The present study illustrated that the higher the serum ferritin level, more severe was the disability of stroke. It was concluded that evaluating serum ferritin levels in patients presenting with ischemic stroke at admission will help predict the severity.