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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Methods: Mixing MWCNT into the polymer at very small propositions can enrich the mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Testing Specimen fabricated with 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt% mixing ratios using extrusion and injection molding process. Computational analysis was performed through the square RVE model and analyzed with finite element analysis (FEA) using DIGIMAT simulation tool. The specimen was evaluated by ASTM D3039 for tensile strength and ASTM D7264 for flexural. Results: The simulated results were compared with experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was performed to evaluate the dispersion state of nanotubes in the matrix. Conclusion: The impactful improvement in mechanical properties is shown in the results after addition of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNT) compared to pure polymer and non- functionalized MWCNT composites.

This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of the friction and wear properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites reinforced with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of MWCNTs as a reinforcement material for enhancing the tribological performance of PMMA. Three types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, i.e., pristine, hydroxyl functionalized, and carboxyl functionalized, were utilized in this study. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by dispersing varying concentrations of MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 1 wt.%) within the PMMA matrix via a 3D mixing approach, followed by injection molding/compression molding. The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the dispersion of MWCNTs within the PMMA matrix. The friction and wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The effects of functionalization and MWCNT content on the tribological behaviors of the nanocomposites were analyzed. The nanocomposites exhibited lower friction coefficients and reduced wear rates compared to pure PMMA. The lowest friction coefficient and wear rate were achieved at an optimum MWCNT loading of 0.5 wt.%. It was further revealed that the amount of MWCNT reinforcement, average load, and track diameter significantly affect the coefficient of friction (COF) and rate of wear. The COF and wear rate are best at a filler loading of 0.5 wt.%, a 20 Kg load, and 90 mm. The improved tribological performance of the MWCNT-reinforced PMMA nanocomposites can be attributed to the effective transfer of load between the MWCNTs and the PMMA matrix, as well as the reinforcement effect of the MWCNTs. The MWCNTs acted as reinforcing agents, enhancing the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the nanocomposites.

The state of Uttarakhand in India lies in a highly seismically active zone, therefore earthquake re- sistant design criteria have been followed for major construction practice in this region. One of the major inputs for earthquake-resistant design is average shear wave velocity (VS ) at 30 m depth. In the present work, at twenty-six different sites, the Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique and multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) is used for joint analysis to obtain a one-dimensional velocity model that supports both the HV spectrum and dispersion curve obtained from HVSR and MASW methods, respectively. Shear wave profiles obtained at various sites are compared with the bore log data obtained from drilling and it clearly shows that the (VS ) for the same formation have a strong dependence on the depth at which it occurred. Data from twenty- four shear wave profiles have been used to prepare a linear regression relation of (VS ) for different lithological formations with respect to their depth of occurrence. Root mean square error obtained from the developed relationship for various lithologies clearly shows that the results are fairly well within the range of acceptance. The developed relations have been further validated by calculating Vs profile from bore log data obtained at two new location sites that are not included in the data set used for the preparation of regression relations. A comparison of two velocity sections clearly shows that the velocity profile computed from regression relation matches closely with that obtained from the seismic survey and thereby establishing the efficacy of developed regression relationship for its practical implementation. This developed relation allows soil type classification for zoning purposes.

Human skin equivalents emerged as novel tools in preclinical dermatological research. It is being claimed that they may bridge the translational gap between preclinical and clinical research, yet only a few studies have investigated their suitability for preclinical drug testing so far. Therefore, we investigated if inflammatory skin equivalents, which emulate hallmarks of atopic dermatitis (AD), are suitable to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone (DXM) in a cream formulation or loaded onto dendritic core-multishell nanoparticles. Topical DXM application resulted in significantly decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TSLP, increased expression of the skin barrier protein involucrin, and facilitated glucocorticoid receptor translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, DXM treatment inhibited gene expression of extracellular matrix components, potentially indicative of the known skin atrophy-inducing side effects of glucocorticoids. Overall, we were able to successfully assess the anti-inflammatory effects of DXM and the superiority of the nanoparticle formulation. Nevertheless the identification of robust readout parameters proved challenging and requires careful study design.

Seismic wave velocities (both P and S waves) measurements have been carried out for carbonate rock samples collected from Lesser Himalayan deposits exposed along Alaknanda valley between Rudraprayag to Helang village in Uttarakhand, India. This study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of the petrophysical and the mechanical properties of rocks on seismic wave velocities. On the core samples, petrophysical and mechanical measurements were performed where porosity, density, water absorption, and seismic wave velocities were first determined, followed by measuring the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS). Thin sections were prepared to measure the petrographic parameters (textural properties and mineralogical composition). This study focuses mainly on grain size and mineral composition. Petrographic investigation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done to identify their mineralogy. Both petrographic and XRD analysis revealed that the main constituting minerals are dolomite, and in minor amounts, calcite, quartz, and opaque minerals are present. Interrelationships between seismic wave velocities and porosity, density, mineral constituents, grain size, uniaxial compressive strength, and Brazilian tensile strength were obtained using regression analysis. It has been concluded that there are significant positive correlations between compressional wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength (r2 = 0.82), Brazilian tensile strength (r2 = 0.67). Similarly, strong to moderate correlations were found between shear wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength (r2 = 0.73), Brazilian tensile strength (r2 = 0.68). Weak to moderate negative correlations were found between seismic wave velocities and porosity. Moderate positive correlations have been found between seismic wave velocities and dry density. There is moderate negative correlation has been found between uniaxial compressive strength and grain size. Furthermore, it has also been concluded that the influence of grain size on rock strength was more important than mineral content.

The Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method and Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method are commonly used as a joint fit technique to retrieve the 1-D shear wave velocity. The Kumaon Himalaya consists of major thrusts like MFT, MBT, SAT, NAT and MCT, from South to North) and other tectonic features. These geological structures are observed in the form of lineaments on the surface. In the present study, 2-D section of shallow shear wave velocity structure has been estimated along the transect crossing South Almora Thrust (SAT) in the Kumaon Himalaya to study the variation of shear wave velocity across the thrust. In the present work, the ambient noise survey and Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) survey has been conducted along the road profile crossing the South Almora Thrust (SAT) at equally spaced stations of 3 Km. The 1-D shear wave velocity has been used to prepare the 2-D section of shear wave velocity. The lineaments in this division have been identified by the variation in the two dimensional shear wave velocity section prepared from the so obtained 1-D shear wave velocity in this profile. The study shows that there is a good correlation between variation of shear wave velocity in the region and major tectonic features of the area. The geological sections in this area has been compared with the obtained 2D structure which give a fair amount of idea about dip of SAT in this area.

In this particular research study, a unique three-dimensional mixing technique was used to incorporate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the KB cell line was used in the analysis of cytotoxicity, apoptosis detection, and cell viability using the MTT assay protocol. At low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 g/mL), these results showed that the CNT did not seem to cause cell death or apoptosis directly. It increased lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against KB cell lines. This was demonstrated by the fact that the CNT increased the time it took for KB cell lines to die. In the end, the unique three-dimensional mixing method solves problems such as clumping and uneven mixing that have been written about in the relevant literature. Phagocytic uptake of MWCNT-reinforced PMMA nanocomposite by KB cells leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the generated composite and the ROS (reactive oxygen species) it produces may be controlled by adjusting the MWCNT loading. The conclusion that can be drawn from the studies to date is that it could be possible to treat some types of cancer using PMMA that has MWCNTs incorporated into it.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. A disrupted skin barrier, type 2 cytokine-dominated inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization are critical components of AD pathogenesis. Patients with AD exhibit decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which is linked to increased colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. The skin microbiome itself is a source of several AMPs. These host- and microbiome-derived AMPs define the microbial landscape of the skin based on their differential antimicrobial activity against a range of skin microbes or their quorum sensing inhibitory properties. These are particularly important in preventing and limiting dysbiotic colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, AMPs are critical for immune homeostasis. In this article, we share our perspectives about the implications of microbial derived AMPs in AD patients and their potential effects on overlapping factors involved in AD. We argue and discuss the potential of bacterial AMPs as therapeutics in AD.

Background/aims Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report food-related aggravation of symptoms. Wheat/gluten is one of the most commonly incriminated. We studied the prevalence of self-reported wheat sensitivity in patients with IBS and in a healthy population from a region in India consuming mixed-cereal diets, correlated it with serological and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers of celiac disease, and evaluated the response to a wheat-free diet. Methods We surveyed 204 patients with IBS and 400 healthy persons for self-reported wheat sensitivity. Testing for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 was done in individuals who reported wheat sensitivity. Consenting persons with wheat sensitivity were put on wheat-free diet and monitored for symptom change. Results Twenty-three of 204 patients with IBS (11.3%) and none of the healthy subjects self-reported wheat sensitivity. Of 23 patients, 14 (60.9%) were positive for HLA DQ2 or DQ8 and none for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. After 6 weeks on wheat-free diet, all 19 participating patients reported clinical improvement; fewer patients had bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and easy fatigue. Conclusions Eleven percent of patients with IBS self-reported wheat sensitivity. None of them had positive celiac serology; 60.9% were positive for HLA DQ2 and DQ8, suggesting a possible genetic basis. All of them improved symptomatically on a wheat-free diet.

The objective of the study was to check the feasibility of machining Stellite 6, a cobalt–chromium superalloy, using TiN-coated carbide inserts in an end milling operation. The inserts were coated using the magnetron sputtering process. The sputtering power and gas flow rate were considered as the variables during the coating process. The performance of the coated binary carbide insert was checked during the end milling of Stellite 6 (~45 HRC) through an experiment with a Taguchi design. Experimental runs based on an orthogonal array were executed for each insert type to check the feasibility of machining this cobalt-based alloy. Adequate precision and the optimum parametric conditions were determined and are reported in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a two-factor interaction model was also undertaken to forecast the key elements influencing surface roughness. Based on the ANOVA model, the depth of the cut, combined with the insert type, was the factor that had the greatest influence on surface roughness, followed by the cutting feed, whereas the cutting velocity had the least significance based on the tests. Moreover, the regression analysis demonstrated that the created model can be used to accurately forecast surface roughness in end milling of Stellite 6 with confidence intervals of 95%.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Vitamin C (VC) supplementation on hematological parameters in Smokeless Tobacco (ST) chewers. A total of 338 subjects aged between 31 to 60 years (168 ST chewers and 170 ST non-chewers) participated in the present study. ST chewers were further divided into 3 subgroups with respect to ST chewing duration in years. Subjects of both the groups were examined at the baseline study and after 45 days of supplementation of 1 g of Vitamin C (VC) for hematological parameters. WBC count (p=0.04), granulocytes % (p=0.0007), HCT (p=0.01) and MCV (p=0.04) were significantly increased whereas, monocytes % (p=0.002) and platelet count (p

Background. The present study aimed to assess the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for the management of gummy smile and evaluate its stability after administrating BTX-A clinically and using electromyography. Methods. The investigators designed and implemented a prospective clinical study on 10 patients with a gummy smile. Patients with different types of gummy smile were injected with BTX-A in the levator muscles of the upper lip and were followed for six months. The effect of BTX-A was evaluated clinically and using electromyography preoperatively and after two weeks and three and six months. Statistical analyses were carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests for pairwise comparisons. Results. The sample consisted of 10 patients with an anterior gummy smile (n=3), posterior gummy smile (n=2), mixed gummy smile (n=3), and asymmetrical gummy smile (n=2). There were significant differences (P

INTRODUCTION: Today, mobile phones (MPs) have become an indispensable tool because of the countless perks it provides. In India, there are more than a million MP users. When compared with total telecommunication users, MPs users are 88%. Extensive use of MP has led to exposure to a dangerous level of electromagnetic waves. Many investigations concluded that MP use reduces the cognitive function of the human brain, however, there is a difference of opinion within the research workers. The present research work can be used to plan the large-scale study which will be useful to decide safety limits and advice for advocating safety measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the present study, 240 female medical students (age group: 18–23 years) from KIMS, Karad, were studied. Durations of visual reaction time, trail making test A and B, and letter cancellation test were studied. Digit span test scores were also measured. All the parameters were studied before and after 30-min mobile use. RESULTS: It was observed that there was a highly significant decrease in values of all the parameters studied (P < 0.001) after 30 min of mobile use. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that 30 min of mobile exposure affects the brain function. Hence, the large-scale study with more duration of exposure and large sample size is required to find conclusive results.

Among polymeric nanocarriers, nanogels are especially promising non-irritating delivery vehicles to increase dermal bioavailability of therapeutics. However, accurately tailoring defined interactions with the amphiphilic skin barrier is still challenging. To address this limited specificity, we herein present a new strategy to combine biocompatible nanogels with the outstanding skin interaction properties of sulfoxide moieties. These chemical motifs are known from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a potent chemical penetration enhancer, which can often cause undesired skin damage upon long-term usage. By covalently functionalizing the nanogels' polymer network with such methyl sulfoxide side groups, tailor-made dermal delivery vehicles are developed to circumvent the skin disrupting properties of the small molecules. Key to an effective nanogel-skin interaction is assumed to be the specific nanogel amphiphilicity. This is examined by comparing the delivery efficiency of sulfoxide-based nanogels (NG-SOMe) with their corresponding thioether (NG-SMe) and sulfone-functionalized (NG-SO2Me) analogues. We demonstrate that the amphiphilic sulfoxide-based NG-SOMe nanogels are superior in their interaction with the likewise amphipathic stratum corneum (SC) showing an increased topical delivery efficacy of Nile red (NR) to the viable epidermis (VE) of excised human skin. In addition, toxicological studies on keratinocytes and fibroblasts show good biocompatibility while no perturbation of the complex protein and lipid distribution is observed via stimulated Raman microscopy. Thus, our NG-SOMe nanogels show high potential to effectively emulate the skin penetration enhancing properties of DMSO without its negative side effects.

PURPOSE: To investigate the metabolic pathways of triapine in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and human hepatic subcellular fractions; to investigate interactions of triapine with tenofovir and emtricitabine; and to evaluate triapine as a perpetrator of drug interactions. The results will better inform future clinical studies of triapine, a radiation sensitizer currently being studied in a phase III study. METHODS: Triapine was incubated with human hepatocytes and subcellular fractions in the presence of a number of inhibitors of drug metabolizing enzymes. Triapine depletion was monitored by LC-MS/MS. Tenofovir and emtricitabine were co-incubated with triapine in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Triapine was incubated with a CYP probe cocktail and human liver microsomes, followed by LC-MS/MS monitoring of CYP specific metabolite formation. RESULTS: Triapine was not metabolized by FMO, AO/XO, MAO-A/B, or NAT-1/2, but was metabolized by CYP450s. CYP1A2 accounted for most of the depletion of triapine. Tenofovir and emtricitabine did not alter triapine depletion. Triapine reduced CYP1A2 activity and increased CYP2C19 activity. CONCLUSION: CYP1A2 metabolism is the major metabolic pathway for triapine. Triapine may be evaluated in cancer patients in the setting of HIV with emtricitabine or tenofovir treatment. Confirmatory clinical trials may further define the in vivo triapine metabolic fate and quantify any drug-drug interactions.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death all over the world. Use of Smokeless Tobacco (ST) increases level of nicotine and autonomic effects throughout the day that are similar to smoking. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ST on ratio, Sustained Handgrip test (SHG), serum (CTN) level and serum Vitamin C (VC) in ST chewers. Total 338 participants aged years were divided in two groups, ST chewers and ST non chewers (controls). ST chewers were further classified with respect to Smokeless Tobacco Chewing (STC) duration (years), frequency (times/day) and quantity (/ day). Participants were asked to consume 1000 mg of vitamin C for 45 days. ratio, SHG, serum CTN and serum VC levels were measured at the baseline study and after supplementation of VC. ratio (p= 0.006), DBP rise in SHG (p=0.002) and serum VC (p

Human brain activity generates scalp potentials (electroencephalography - EEG), intracranial potentials (iEEG), and external magnetic fields (magnetoencephalography - MEG). These electrophysiology (e-phys) signals can often be measured simultaneously for research and clinical applications. The forward problem involves modeling these signals at their sensors for a given equivalent current dipole configuration within the brain. While earlier researchers modeled the head as a simple set of isotropic spheres, today's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data allow for a detailed anatomic description of brain structures and anisotropic characterization of tissue conductivities. We present a complete pipeline, integrated into the Brainstorm software, that allows users to automatically generate an individual and accurate head model based on the subject's MRI and calculate the electromagnetic forward solution using the finite element method (FEM). The head model generation is performed by integrating the latest tools for MRI segmentation and FEM mesh generation. The final head model comprises the five main compartments: white-matter, gray-matter, CSF, skull, and scalp. The anisotropic brain conductivity model is based on the effective medium approach (EMA), which estimates anisotropic conductivity tensors from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. The FEM electromagnetic forward solution is obtained through the DUNEuro library, integrated into Brainstorm, and accessible with either a user-friendly graphical interface or scripting. With tutorials and example data sets available in an open-source format on the Brainstorm website, this integrated pipeline provides access to advanced FEM tools for electromagnetic modeling to a broader neuroscience community.

The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. Significant improvements of 25.41%, 35.85%, and 31.75% in tensile properties and 18.27%, 48%, and 33.33% in flexural properties for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% COOH-MWCNT in PMMA, respectively, compared to non-functionalized MWCNTs, were demonstrated. The highest strength was recorded for the nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% f-MWCNT content, indicating the best doping effect at a lower concentration of f-MWCNT. The proposed CNT-PMMA nanocomposite may be found suitable for use as a scaffold material in the domain of bone tissue engineering research. This type of research possesses a high strength requirement, which may be fulfilled using MWCNT. Furthermore, this analysis also shows a significant amount of enhancement in flexural strength, which is clinically required for fabricating denture bases., This research was funded by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitalization, project number PFE 26/30.12.2021, PERFORM-CDI@UPT100—The increasing of the performance of the Polytechnic University of Timis, oara by strengthening the research, development, and technology transfer capacity in the field of “Energy, Environment and Climate Change” at the beginning of the second century of its existence, within Program 1—Development of the national system of Research and Development, Subprogram 1.2—Institutional Performance-Institutional Development Projects—Excellence Funding Projects in RDI, PNCDI III.

Smokeless tobacco is a commonly used drug in the world. Tobacco use in any form is a rising crisis for the population in developing countries. Tobacco contributes significantly to oxidative stress induced morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on serum cotinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum vitamin C level in smokeless tobacco (ST) chewers. In addition, the study was aimed to evaluate the effect of duration of tobacco chewing on above-said parameters. A total number of 338 healthy participants of aged between 31 to 60 years were classified into two groups comprising of tobacco chewers and tobacco non-chewers. Tobacco chewers group further divided into three subgroups with respect to tobacco chewing duration. Participants were asked to take 1000 mg of vitamin C daily for 45 days. Serum cotinine, MDA and serum vitamin C were measured in all the participants before and after supplementation of vitamin C. Serum cotinine (p

Despite impressive state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of machine learning tasks, deep learning methods can produce over-confident predictions, particularly with limited training data. Therefore, quantifying uncertainty is particularly important in critical applications such as lesion detection and clinical diagnosis, where a realistic assessment of uncertainty is essential in determining surgical margins, disease status and appropriate treatment. In this work, we propose a novel approach that uses quantile regression for quantifying aleatoric uncertainty in both supervised and unsupervised lesion detection problems. The resulting confidence intervals can be used for lesion detection and segmentation. In the unsupervised setting, we combine quantile regression with the Variational AutoEncoder (VAE). Here we address the problem of quantifying uncertainty in the images that are reconstructed by the VAE as the basis for principled outlier or lesion detection. The VAE models the output as a conditionally independent Gaussian characterized by its mean and variance. Unfortunately, joint optimization of both mean and variance in the VAE leads to the well-known problem of shrinkage or underestimation of variance. Here we describe an alternative Quantile-Regression VAE (QR-VAE) that avoids this variance shrinkage problem by directly estimating conditional quantiles for the input image. Using the estimated quantiles, we compute the conditional mean and variance for the input image from which we then detect outliers by thresholding at a false-discovery-rate corrected p-value. In the supervised setting, we develop binary quantile regression (BQR) for the supervised lesion segmentation task. We show how BQR can be used to capture uncertainty in lesion boundaries in a manner that characterizes expert disagreement., Comment: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://www.melba-journal.org/papers/2022:008.html. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2010.09042

Introduction: Centric Relation (CR) is the only physiological position which is repeatable, recordable and reproducible for prosthodontic rehabilitation. A missed CR can give rise to faulty occlusal relationships leading to a life time of trauma to the temporomandibular joints. Literature has various methods outlined to locate and record the CR but it’s confusing as to which method is best suited to take the condyles into CR position. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to find an answer to this very question. Aim: To find a reliable clinical technique to guide the mandible to a recordable, repeatable and reproducible CR position. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was conducted from July 2019 to October 2019 at School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Maharashtra. A 20-year comprehensive literature review was undertaken aiming to arrive at a reliable and repeatable method to guide the mandible to CR following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) and Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) guidelines to the highest possible extent. The research material was sifted through MEDLINE (PubMed)- {(“CR technique”) (MeSH terms) AND/OR (Retruded mandibular position”) (MeSH terms)}, Cochrane library “CR techniques” and Google Scholar “CR techniques OR Retruded mandibular position” search engines. Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias for the Randomised Controlled Trial, Methodological I index for non RCTs (MINOR). Quality and strength of the existing evidence was appraised by both the authors through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Online database search was conducted from January 1998 to September 2019 resulting in a total of 950 articles being shortlisted. Post-screenings, using the exclusion criteria, nine articles of the total articles were reviewed. These were reviewed individually by both the authors and discussed for various techniques to guide the mandible to CR. The ultimate outcome of the review was that the clinicians are required to fall back on time tested models, scientifically sound and technically correct and uncomplicated to execute methods which have proven to yield the most excellent outcomes at zero or minimal cost. One such method is undoubtedly Dawson’s Bimanual Technique. Bimanual technique in supine position coupled with a simple anterior deprogrammer has consistently resulted in a physiological CR position that is recordable, repeatable and reproducible. Conclusion: The primary outcome of this systematic review is that Dawson’s bimanual manipulation technique is superior to other techniques; primarily when carried out in supine position.