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Background: Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a core feature of late‐life sequalae of mild‐repetitive traumatic brain injury (mrTBI). Brain‐bank surveys have demonstrated that chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), defined as tau accumulation at the depths of cortical sulci, is a typical neurodegenerative condition associated with mrTBI exposure. In contrast, early case‐reports of dementia pugilistica (DP) in former boxers described considerable heterogeneity of late‐life neurodegenerative changes. Despite such inconsistency, topology of tau accumulation in the living brain of mrTBI patients have not been fully investigated. The present study was aimed to characterize cerebral retention patterns of 118F‐PM‐PBB3 (18F‐APN‐1607) in the former boxers. Method: Thirteen former boxers (46.2 ± 11.9 years) and 15 age‐matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent PET scans with 18F‐PM‐PBB3 and [11C]PiB. Standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) with the cerebellar gray matter as reference was calculated. Association of SUVR with neurocognitive symptoms and years of playing boxing was investigated. Result: All subjects were [11C]PiB negative. Boxers showed higher 18F‐PM‐PBB3 accumulation than HC subjects in the gray (P = 0.0002) and white matter (P = 0.0001). There was a trend of correlation between SUVR values in the temporal cortex and years of exposure to concussions (p=0.07, r=0.40). Visual assessments revealed heterogeneity in 18F‐PM‐PBB3 retention patterns in boxers. First, the majority of boxers (7/13) demonstrated multiple 18F‐PM‐PBB3 accumulations around the depth of cerebral sulci, showing striking resemblance to previously reported tau topology of CTE. Subjects in this group tend to show severe memory impairment and depression. Second, a few boxers (3/13) showed diffuse 18F‐PM‐PBB3 accumulation, indicating some form of non‐AD tauopathy but currently unspecified. Subject in this group showed psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis and mania. Third, the other 3 boxers showed minimum 18F‐PM‐PBB3 retention regardless of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Our results indicates different forms of tau neuropathology underlying late‐sequalae of mrTBI in agreement with the classical concept of DP. These forms vary in where and how much tau accumulate, as well as in clinical features. The present study not only supports pathological heterogeneity of late‐sequalae of mrTBI, but also suggests utility of 18F‐PM‐PBB3 PET in detection of late‐life neurodegenerative diseases following mrTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Patients with schizophrenia often exhibit poor life skills, posing significant clinical challenges. Life skills comprise cognitive functions crucial for planning daily activities, including divergent thinking. However, the cognitive deficits contributing to these diminished skills among patients with schizophrenia are underexplored. This study introduces a modified Tinkertoy Test (m-TTT) to investigate the correlation between life skills, divergent thinking, and psychological assessment tools in patients with schizophrenia., Methods: Fifty-two patients with schizophrenia, alongside a control group, matched for sex, age, and education, were evaluated using psychological assessment tools. For the patient group, the Life Skills Profile (LSP) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were administered to measure functional abilities and psychiatric symptoms, respectively. Additionally, duration of disease and antipsychotic daily dosage levels were assessed exclusively in the patient group. Both groups were evaluated with the m-TTT, Idea Fluency Test (IFT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to comprehensively assess cognitive functions. A stepwise multiple regression model was conducted to identify significant correlates of LSP total score among the patient group., Results: The schizophrenia group scored notably lower than the neurotypical controls on the m-TTT, IFT, DFT, and BACS. Our stepwise multiple regression analysis highlighted that the LSP total score was significantly correlated with the total m-TTT score and presence of negative symptoms., Conclusion: Divergent thinking could be a crucial factor in the life skills of individuals with schizophrenia. Rehabilitation programs based on this cognitive function might enhance their daily living capabilities., Competing Interests: The last author (Masaru Mimura) is an Editorial Board member of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports and a co‐author of this article. To minimize bias, they were excluded from all editorial decision‐making related to the acceptance of this article for publication. Masaru Mimura declares no conflict of interest directly related to this work. The first author (Yasuhisa Nakamura) declares no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.)