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Considering that conventional dynamic compaction (CDC) method has limitation in the effectiveness of improvement depth because the improved shallow soil layers prevent the impact energy further transmitted to the deep ground, a new technique of in-pipe deep dynamic compaction (IDDC) is proposed in which the tamper can compact soil from the deep to the shallow soil layers. In this paper, the main objective is to illustrate the work mechanism of IDDC. Firstly, main components of equipment and construction process of IDDC are introduced. Then, model tests of CDC and IDDC were conducted on loose sand to obtain the influence depth using the acceleration of soil particles during impact and the distribution of cone resistance and side friction through static cone penetration tests (CPTs) after impact. Finally, the analytical formulae of superimposed stress and settlement due to IDDC was derived based on the Mindlin's solution and equation of motion, and verified with model test results and a practical case. The results indicate that with the falling height of 1 m in model tests, the further impacts after the 6th impact of CDC could hardly improve ground, resulting in the improvement depth of around 45 cm, whereas the improvement depth of IDDC was over 80 cm. Moreover, at the falling height of 1 m, the average increment in cone resistance after IDDC is 82% greater than that after CDC. Finally, compared with experimental results, the errors of the predicted settlement and the superimposed stress are less than 26 and 14%, respectively, and the proposed formulae succeed to predict the improvement depth of IDDC applied in a coastal area of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop science curriculum standards in Saudi Arabia considering Australia's experience. This was achieved by identifying the similarities and differences between the general education curriculum standards in Saudi Arabia and Australia and determining the features of incorporating green education principles into science courses in both countries. To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive method of content analysis was adopted. Based on the study results, which indicated differences between Saudi Arabia's standards and Australia's standards, the researchers prepared proposed standards for constructing science courses in Saudi Arabia considering Australia's experience. The current study yielded several recommendations, including conducting a comprehensive review of the standards of all general education curricula in Saudi Arabia and Australia to identify the strengths and weaknesses of both systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an experimental, analytical, and numerical study to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete hidden and wide beams embedded in slabs. The experimentally studied parameters of testing eight specimens include beam depth, beam width, and beam eccentricity from the column. The obtained test results were compared to the predictions of finite element analysis using the ANSYS program. A numerical parametric study was conducted by the ANSYS program to explore other parameters affecting the ultimate flexural strength of beams. The studied parameters encompass concrete compressive strength, steel reinforcement strength, bottom reinforcement ratio, top-to-bottom reinforcement ratio, and web reinforcement ratio. The results revealed that an increase in beam depth led to higher ultimate load and secant stiffness, along with a decrease in deflection. The increase in beam width significantly affected beam depth, resulting in increased ultimate load and secant stiffness and a slight decrease in deflection. The increase in beam eccentricity from the column resulted in a decrease in ultimate load and secant stiffness while increasing the deflection. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results were made against calculations based on the ECP 203-2017 and ACI 318-19 codes, and the comparison yielded satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research presents an experimental, analytical, and numerical study to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete hidden and wide beams embedded in slabs. The experimentally studied parameters of testing eight specimens include beam depth, beam width, and beam eccentricity from the column. The obtained test results were compared to the predictions of finite element analysis using the ANSYS program. A numerical parametric study was conducted by the ANSYS program to explore other parameters affecting the ultimate flexural strength of beams. The studied parameters encompass concrete compressive strength, steel reinforcement strength, bottom reinforcement ratio, top-to-bottom reinforcement ratio, and web reinforcement ratio. The results revealed that an increase in beam depth led to higher ultimate load and secant stiffness, along with a decrease in deflection. The increase in beam width significantly affected beam depth, resulting in increased ultimate load and secant stiffness and a slight decrease in deflection. The increase in beam eccentricity from the column resulted in a decrease in ultimate load and secant stiffness while increasing the deflection. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results were made against calculations based on the ECP 203-2017 and ACI 318-19 codes, and the comparison yielded satisfactory results.

Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In rotating machinery, aerodynamic forces and oil film forces often lead to cross-coupling stiffness. This paper is aimed at studying the stick-slip whirling vibrations induced by the piecewise smooth rotor/stator frictions in a modified flexible rotor subjected to cross-coupling stiffness. Governing equations determining the sliding region and boundaries of piecewise discontinuous friction are defined. This analytical study was conducted to discuss the complex vibrations and bifurcations. Various types of sliding motions (continuous pure rolling, continuous crossing, and grazing–sliding) were observed in this research. Further, as for discussing the impacts of the parameters on nonlinear sliding vibrations, a parametric study was conducted. The obtained results reveal that with an increase in the cross-coupling stiffness coefficient, continuous pure rolling occurs earlier, and the disk vibration time around the contact regime becomes shorter. For studying the self-excited backward whirling vibration of stick–slip nonlinear motions, analytical formulations are established. Detailed vibration amplitude and frequency studies of friction-induced backward whirling vibrations were carried out. Numerical simulations were performed to compare them with the analytical solutions and to validate the results as well. The proposed theory and results provide fresh perspectives for predicting friction-induced whirlings and creating proper designs for turbo machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the poor coefficient of performance and low cooling capacity of thermoelectric coolers, it is necessary to use these coolers in a cascade arrangement. In this regard, two-stage coolers are very important. Considering this, in the present research, the effect of all parameters of a two-stage thermoelectric cooler on its performance was analyzed comprehensively. In this regard, the results of all parameters, including hot and cold temperatures, all geometrical parameters, as well as the thermal parameters related to the contact surface of the two stages, were analyzed analytically on COP, the dissipated heat from the cooler, and its cooling capacity. In carrying out these investigations, for the comprehensiveness of the analysis, a wide range of variation was considered for all parameters, and the optimal range of each of these parameters was reported. Then, the multi-objective optimization of the considered cooler was conducted by simultaneously considering both objective functions, including the cooling capacity and its COP, considering different values of the weighting factor. The distribution of Pareto-optimal point solutions for multi-objective optimization of the cooler was also presented which shows the optimal values of cooling capacity and COP of the cooler for different values of the weighting factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the non-linear vibrations of beams, which play a crucial role in various industrial and construction structures. Understanding the transverse vibrations of beams and accurately determining their frequency response is essential for achieving optimal design and structural performance. The novelty of this study lies in conducting a transverse non-linear vibration analysis of a three-dimensional beam while considering the effect of mid-plane elongation. By incorporating this aspect into the analysis, the study aims to provide deeper insights into the dynamic behavior of beams subjected to non-linear effects. A multiple-time scale approach has been adopted to conduct this research. To verify the accuracy of the method as well as the accuracy of the outcomes gained from this method, a contrast has been made with the 4th-order Runge-Kutta technique, which indicates that the results obtained are acceptable. The frequency response of the beam indicates the presence of a phenomenon of splitting into two non-linear branches during the three-dimensional vibrations of the beam, as well as a hardening state in the frequency response as a result of stretching the middle plane of the beam. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted in which different parameters were examined to determine the starting point of non-linear bifurcation. As a result, the damping coefficient and resonance deviation parameter are two factors that affect the preference for critical bifurcation over safe bifurcation. Furthermore, the stretching of the middle plane results in a higher non-linear term coefficient in the vibration equations of the beam, which increases the oscillation frequency of the beam.

Surah Al-Baqarah is regarded as one of the most significant chapters in the Holy Quran because of its rich content, which includes religious rulings on worship, transactions, and beliefs along with sermons and wisdom. It also holds the distinction of being one of the longest chapters in the Holy Quran. Numerous authentic Prophetic traditions highlight the virtues and excellence of this Surah. Furthermore, this Surah possesses several unique attributes, most notably its inclusion of the renowned verse known as "Ayat al-Kursi" considered the greatest verse in the Book of Allah Almighty. Authentic hadith emphasize the exceptional nature of this verse. Another remarkable feature of this Surah is the established merit of its final two verses, as they suffice the reader for their nightly prayers. In this research, the scholar conducts an analytical examination of the hadith related to this Surah. The primary focus lies on authentic hadith that highlight its virtues, accompanied by brief explanations. Furthermore, the study delves into the Surah's distinctive features as illuminated by these hadith and concluded with a concise summary of significant findings. The researcher followed an inductive and analytical approach in this study. The first approach was utilized to compile the authentic hadith pertaining to the excellence of this Surah while the second approach was used to analyse the texts of these hadith and elucidate its distinct qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the tunneling process of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machines, the undrained compressibility of foam-conditioned soils in the excavation chamber is essential for reducing the fluctuation of chamber pressure and guaranteeing effective tunnel face support. As conditioned soil is simplified to be radially constrained by the shield shell and in a quasi-one-dimensional compression state under the face pressure along the tunneling direction, a mechanism-inspired analytical model was developed to estimate the void ratio and pore pressure of foam-conditioned coarse-grained soils (FCS) in one-dimensional compression based on effective stress analysis. In the model, an expansion coefficient was proposed to characterize the filling state of foam bubbles in pores and a void ratio threshold (eth) was defined as the transition point of the FCS with and without effective stress. The variation of void ratio and pore pressure with total stress of FCS in two distinct stages of the void ratio (e), either greater or smaller than its threshold, were calculated based on Boyle's law and the hyperbolic assumption of the effective stress–strain relation of soil. A good agreement between the analytical and experimental results verified the reliability of the proposed analytical method. Furthermore, a parametric study indicated that the compressibility increases with an increase in the expansion coefficient and foam injection ratio (FIR). Increasing additional water content leads to a decrease in compressibility under low pressure (σv ≤ 20 kPa), but an increase in compressibility under high pressure (σv > 20 kPa). Meanwhile, the pore pressure in FCS in the stage of e < eth also positively correlates with the expansion coefficient, FIR, and additional water content. The research findings would provide a convenient method to estimate the undrained compressibility behavior of FCS and theoretically guide the soil conditioning optimization in EPB tunneling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the non-linear vibrations of beams, which play a crucial role in various industrial and construction structures. Understanding the transverse vibrations of beams and accurately determining their frequency response is essential for achieving optimal design and structural performance. The novelty of this study lies in conducting a transverse non-linear vibration analysis of a three-dimensional beam while considering the effect of mid-plane elongation. By incorporating this aspect into the analysis, the study aims to provide deeper insights into the dynamic behavior of beams subjected to non-linear effects. A multiple-time scale approach has been adopted to conduct this research. To verify the accuracy of the method as well as the accuracy of the outcomes gained from this method, a contrast has been made with the 4th-order Runge-Kutta technique, which indicates that the results obtained are acceptable. The frequency response of the beam indicates the presence of a phenomenon of splitting into two non-linear branches during the three-dimensional vibrations of the beam, as well as a hardening state in the frequency response as a result of stretching the middle plane of the beam. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted in which different parameters were examined to determine the starting point of non-linear bifurcation. As a result, the damping coefficient and resonance deviation parameter are two factors that affect the preference for critical bifurcation over safe bifurcation. Furthermore, the stretching of the middle plane results in a higher non-linear term coefficient in the vibration equations of the beam, which increases the oscillation frequency of the beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of the results of experimental and analytical studies carried out to determine the moment redistribution in reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams realistically, which are frequently used structural forms in buildings. It was determined that the parameter affecting the moment redistribution the most was the reinforcement ratio, so six RC continuous beams were produced with different reinforcement ratios. In this study, the tensile reinforcement ratio (ρ), the compressive reinforcement ratio (ρ'), and the balanced reinforcement ratio (ρb) in the intermediate support sections are considered as the main variables, and the effects of two parameters on the moment redistribution capacities of the beams are investigated. While one of them is (ρ'/ρ), the other one is (ρ/ρb). Considering the experimental results obtained, a simple formulation has been proposed by taking into account the neutral axis depth factor (c/d), which is the parameter frequently used in the determination of moment redistribution in the literature and in the design code provisions. Moreover, a database was created by considering the experimental results of 80 beams collected from the literature and it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of this proposed formulation compared to the equations in the literature and in the design code provisions. According to the results, it was determined that the proposed formulation gave better statistical outcomes than the others. It is thought that the design codes statistically give more negative results than the results of this study, as they generally prefer to be on the safe side deliberately. In addition to moment redistribution, the general behaviors of RC continuous beams under concentrated loads, such as load-displacement relationships, ductility, energy dissipation, and moment-curvature relationships have also been investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study numerically and analytically investigates flexural behaviour of precast ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) segments connected by post-tensioned prestressing strands with or without epoxy on keyed joint surfaces. The analytical formulas are proposed for calculation of joint opening load and ultimate flexural capacity, and a numerical model is established to investigate flexural behaviour of the jointed beam. The joint surfaces without epoxy are simulated by a pair of contact elements with a friction coefficient of 0.6. For the joint surfaces with epoxy, besides the contact elements, a spring element is defined for consideration of the epoxy and an optimized force–displacement relationship is first proposed and input for the spring property. The previous test data and data from one intact beam with low reinforcement ratio tested in the present study are used for validation of the analytical and numerical calculations. The numerical results agree well with the test results in terms of load-midspan deflection, load-joint opening displacement as well as failure modes. Based on the validated numerical model, the effect of number of prestressing strands and beam depth on the flexural behaviour of the prestressed jointed beam is investigated. This study will promote prestressed UHPC joints' application in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Islamic & Religious Studies / Majallah-yi ʿUlūm-i Islāmiyyah va Dīniyyah is the property of University of Haripur, Pakistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Good exercises affect the quality of the textbook. This study aims to describe the types of exercises (mechanism / patterns, meaning, communication) in the Arabic language teaching book for the second intermediate grade of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2020 AD, and to describe the types and form of the questions of the exercises, and to describe the exercises of four language skills and three language elements in it. This study follows the descriptive approach with a qualitative approach. The results revealed that the exercises in this book included patterns, meaning, and communication exercises, and also included 17 forms of questions. As for the exercises for language skills and language elements, there were no exercises for listening skill or sounds exercises in this book. With this comprehensiveness, the exercises in this book are considered good and valid for measuring students' abilities.

In rotating machinery, aerodynamic forces and oil film forces often lead to cross-coupling stiffness. This paper is aimed at studying the stick-slip whirling vibrations induced by the piecewise smooth rotor/stator frictions in a modified flexible rotor subjected to cross-coupling stiffness. Governing equations determining the sliding region and boundaries of piecewise discontinuous friction are defined. This analytical study was conducted to discuss the complex vibrations and bifurcations. Various types of sliding motions (continuous pure rolling, continuous crossing, and grazing–sliding) were observed in this research. Further, as for discussing the impacts of the parameters on nonlinear sliding vibrations, a parametric study was conducted. The obtained results reveal that with an increase in the cross-coupling stiffness coefficient, continuous pure rolling occurs earlier, and the disk vibration time around the contact regime becomes shorter. For studying the self-excited backward whirling vibration of stick–slip nonlinear motions, analytical formulations are established. Detailed vibration amplitude and frequency studies of friction-induced backward whirling vibrations were carried out. Numerical simulations were performed to compare them with the analytical solutions and to validate the results as well. The proposed theory and results provide fresh perspectives for predicting friction-induced whirlings and creating proper designs for turbo machinery.

Architectural heritage is the cultural value that affects successive generations. It is the embodiment of cultural and civilizational values that reflect a certain social, economic, and political structure. It represents a true expression of the history and culture of society, and it is the material and moral link that binds contemporaries to their ancestors unless it has acquired value. Through society, this value is embodied in the relationship between man and heritage, and there must be a conscious awareness of the value of heritage leads to damage to the heritage balance and neglecting its importance. Heritage architecture expresses the level at which culture appears. It is a civilizational product through linking to concepts and cultural dimensions, where heritage architecture constitutes one of the most important pillars of the architectural and urban character in the culture of societies. The past period has witnessed several intellectual trends that have affected cultural life in general and architectural and arts in particular, Architecture was reflected in some visions of formation, schools and architectural intellectual trends, all of which came as a product of the dialogue of rooting and renewal, where each carries a different thought and attitude of heritage, the rooting represents the features of societies and their customs and traditions while renewal represents progress and development and the information revolution and technology and the accompanying material culture In the last two decades, architecture has turned to the imperative of adhering to the authentic traditions of inherited local architecture in exchange for the bias towards renewal and innovation imposed by international architecture in all its forms and innovations, and some important products have emerged to establish a contemporary architectural theory based on the revision and revival of architectural traditions and the rooting and development of heritage. A perspective drawing of the building. The Library of Alexandria is one of the most important expressive buildings that represent the direction of symbolic and moral inspiration from the structure of heritage, and this trend is based on systematic research by its various means of extrapolation, analysis, and inference, for local conditions and contemporary cultural data.

There are two modes of operation for industrial filtration design/equipment, namely constant rate and pressure filtration. Some industrial filter designs can operate on both constant rate and pressure filtration. Therefore, the reference point of the current filter design is to look at the filter design that operates under low differential pressure to allow the MHD fluid to flow through the filter medium embedded inside the horizontal weakly dilating channel. The study analyse the physical interpretation of the internal mass and mixed convection flows under the influence of constant magnetic field strength, radiation, chemical reaction and heat source/sink. The suggested fluid dynamics model inside the filter chamber obeys the conservation equations in the form of partial differential equations, which are transformed into ordinary differential equations by employing the Lie group analysis. The approximate analytical solutions of the study are obtained using the perturbation method. The excellent agreement of the internal fluid velocity, temperature and concentration profiles were verified with the numerical solutions obtained using the NDSolve Mathematica package. The influences of the parameters on the internal flow properties are illustrated through graphs and tables. Results reveal that enhancing the chemical reaction ( K r ) and Schmidt number ( S c ) decreases the internal fluid concentration while amplifying the skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number. A rise in local heat transfer at the bottom wall is observed when the buoyancy ratio (N) and Richardson number ( R i ) increase, which consequently minimises the skin friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical study of the azo dye (HA) showed that it can be affected by their solubility and the dielectric constant (D) of solvents. The MTT assay was used to test the effectiveness of HA against MCF-7 cell line, which indicated their sensible inhibition rates in contrast with the control (C). The assay also showed the great ability of the (HA) azo dye in destroying the MDA-MB231 cells and how it affected their viability%, which was better than their ability against the MCF-7 cell line. And this activity increased with the increase of their concentration. Statistical analysis gave P<0.05. Furthermore, the liver tissues of designated mice were normal in contrast with control (C). Therefore, after seeing its effectiveness as shown in the study, we recommend the specified HA to be a novel drug, that contains two medicines, (levothyroxine and paracetamol) in their structure. The new drug can give three effects at the same time, represented on thyroid medication, pain relive and anti-cancer effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surface severe plastic deformation (SSPD) improves the mechanical behaviors of materials by generating non-uniform, heterogeneous microstructures on their surfaces. SSPD enhances the mechanical properties of the material, such as resistance to fatigue and yield strength. Herein, a decrease in the yield strength after SSPD, which is contrary to the findings of previous studies that report increased yield strengths, was considered. The main cause of this phenomenon was the internal tensile residual stress, which was inevitably induced by the surface compressive residual stress during SSPD. The inherent residual stress after SSPD was measured and applied in a tensile study of a real Al alloy to verify the phenomenon. Finally, the effects of the residual stress on the tensile mechanical properties were analyzed via analytical and numerical methods. Moreover, the transient behavior in the early stage was determined based on residual stress.

The water permeability of conditioned soils is one of the most essential properties for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunnelling in coarse-grained soils. Permeability tests are conducted to study the influence of water heads on the permeability of foam-conditioned sands. The initial permeability coefficient of foam-conditioned sands increases with the water head, while the stable permeability coefficient and the initial stable period duration decrease. Meanwhile, a novel analytical model is proposed to estimate the initial permeability coefficient. In this model, the effect of the water head on the initial permeability coefficient is incorporated by calculating void ratios of the foam and effective diameters of foam bubbles under different water pressures. Experimental results are in close agreement with analytical solutions, indicating the excellent performance of the proposed calculation method. In addition, the physical mechanisms of how the water head affects the permeability of foam-conditioned sands are discussed from the contraction and evolution of foam bubbles.

In order to generate future entrepreneurs capable of resolving challenges with the use of technology, institutions must implement programs that foster students' holistic development. To facilitate holistic development of students, NEP 2020 emphasizes on collaboration, communication, research, problem solving, critical thinking, and creativity skills that students need to be successful in today's world. NEP 2020 suggests to introduce blended learning environment which shows students the scientific method that can be applied to everyday life with emphasis on more practical oriented education unlike traditional science and math education. Students will become solution providers if they spend time in laboratories for experimentation and research. According to the current situation, higher and technical education curriculum provide limited time for practical work, and even if a student wishes to work extra during free periods, there are few resources available during working hours because there are very few labs and they are occupied with the regular curriculum conduct. Due to these limitations, students have fewer number of opportunities to discover solutions for real-world issues and applications. Access to the laboratory and laboratory equipment beyond working hours is the need of the hour. This is the reason for developing "Lab in Bag" to provide learning environment beyond working hours. Through these laboratory equipment's, students will have access to a variety of hardware devices at home to explore and expand their knowledge. This will develop innovation and creativity in them. This philosophy can be achieved with the advantages of miniaturized and low-cost equipment and facilities. The focus of "Lab in Bag" is technical subjects involving hardware Experiments. The expected outcome of this setup is that it will provide students with a flexible platform which gives them opportunities to learn using reliable and economical setups. To measure performance of the "Lab in Bag" devices, experimentation is done using traditional equipment and equipment provided in Lab in Bag. This study explains that results with 0.002% error margin can be achieved with 30MHz-2Channel Oscilloscope and Digital Oscilloscope for Analog and Devices Electronics experiments. It further establishes positive correlation of flexibility, connectivity and reliability with usability. Positive correlation of these parameters shows that students are highly interested in using "Lab in Bag" for continuing research and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Curriculum & Teaching Methodology / Maǧallaẗ al-Manāhiǧ wa-Turūq al-Tadrīs is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the 4th to the 8th century AH, fifteen hagiographies were written or translated in both Persian and Arabic in the Khorasan region, including Maqamat-e Qumisani, Maqamat-e Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Kitab al-Nur, Dastur al-Jumhur, Maqamat-e Kohan wa Nowayafteh Abu Saeid, Haalaat wa Sokhanan Abu Saeid Abul-Khair, Asrar al-Towhid, Maqamat-e Zhende-pil, Maqamat-e Manzoum Sheikh-e Jam, Thesis in proving the greatness of Sheikh-e Jam, Dhikr Qutb al-Salikin, Dhikr Qotb al-Salekin and Dhikr Sheikh Abul-Hasan Kharqani and Muntakhab-e Nur al-Ulum, Manaqib-e Hatami Joveyni, and Morad al-Moridin. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics, influences and developments of these works. By analyzing the authors’ methods of writing hagiographies and presenting the features of the works, it was revealed that the hagiographies related to a single saint and, in general, those of the Khorasan region share many similarities. Some ancient hagiographies, such as Maqamat-e Qumisani, Kitab al-Nur, or Maqamat-e Khwaja Abdullah Ansari have a unique style and structure and show fewer similarities with later hagiographies. Given the numerous similarities between hagiographies written after Asrar al-Towhid and this ancient hagiography, it is highly probable that the later authors of the hagiography were influenced by Mohammad bin Munawwar’s work. The Arabic speaking and the scholarly, poetic, and artistic style of authors in works like Kitab al-Nur, Asrar al-Towhid, Kharqani’s hagiographies, and Morad al-Moridin in introducing the saints indicate the presence of a specific and knowledgeable audience for these works. Conversely, the weak language of the authors of Sheikh Ahmad Jam’s hagiographies and the inclusion of material miracles for revenge purposes suggest that these authors were aimed at portraying Sheikh Ahmad Jam as powerful to the general audience.

A simple and accurate analytical model for defining the lateral strength of the multi-span RC frame with masonry infill has been developed in this study. This model is developed due to the limitation of the current analytical model which only can be applied to the single-span RC frame. Meanwhile, the structure in the building also is in a multi-span frame and masonry infill greatly impacts the portal structure. In the existing building, this analytical method is needed to calculate the lateral strength of the RC frame. Besides, the analytical method was developed based on the lateral strength analysis method of a single-span RC frame in which the modeling of a multi-span RC frame with masonry infill along with uniform span spacing was applied. Furthermore, an equivalent diagonal strut with the same thickness and material as the masonry panels was used instead of masonry infill in the frame structure. The external column has diagonal compressive forces on the top or bottom of the column. On the other hand, diagonal compressive forces work at the top and the bottom of the column in the internal column. The lateral strength of the infill was determined based on the frame infill contact length. Furthermore, in order to obtain the lateral strength of the structure, the experimental study of a multi-span RC frame with masonry infill under cyclic load was also tested. Applying the analytical model has shown promising results even after being compared with the results of the experimental work.

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mobile Applications (apps) are one of the most important tools that provide many services in different and varied fields of human life such as social, health, commercial, political, and other services. These apps make information easily available to everyone, fast to get, and cheaper than traditional methods. The Hajj pilgrims and Umrah performances (Al-Rahman Holy guests) have a share of the electronic services provided by many governmental and private sectors inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The offered services ensure that these religious guests have the ability to gain useful knowledge before and during the period they are stayed in the land of the Two Holy Mosques. In this paper, we collected all possible apps related to Hajj and Umrah, from the Google Store, during the season of Hajj 1440 AH (2019 AD), which amounted to 471 apps through searching on relevant applications to Hajj and Umrah services. We studied the applications public info trying to gain personal privacy characteristics from user rating, number of evaluators, recent updates, volume of applications, languages, number of downloads, and specific services provided. The results showed that the largest percentage of the studied apps are the facilitations of the Hajj ritual with 18%, followed by 15.1% for Umrah ritual and 10.2% for prayer supplications. The results also indicated attractive 33 common languages used, showing English with most popularity of 27.4%, followed by Arabic and Urdu of 24.3% and 14.3%. In addition, the study specified the most desirable services favored by the religious guests expressing interesting valuable remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to determine the basic features of the attitude of educational schools studying and teaching philosophy in Islamic and Western educational thought to identify the similarities and differences between their attitudes. Therefore, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method to highlight the educational opinions of Islamic and Western educational thinkers. The results showed that studying and teaching philosophy requires certain methods and skills, e.g., the problematic method, the constructive method, as well as the conversational, analytical, structural, and evidence-based method. Moreover, teaching philosophy in the Arab world faces problems, such as the lack of interest in philosophical lessons compared to the great interest in physical sciences and mathematics, as well as sciences that ensure technical knowledge,. The need for philosophy has been maximized in the Arab communities because the need for rational thinking is increasingly important due to the challenges. The study recommends drawing the attention of the philosophy departments at Arab universities to standardize philosophical theories away from the theories of atheism and materialists. An encyclopaedia of philosophy should be compiled to illustrate the contributions and creations of Muslim philosophers. Furthermore, those in charge of studying philosophy should make critical changes to the approaches and intentions of the philosophical lesson to be more related to the reality of the Arab world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed at analytically investigating the simultaneous effects of the shear-lag and warping torsion on the performance of non-rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. Under the concurrent action of shear and axial loadings, the induced warping deformation due to the shear-lag as well as the warping torsion has been accounted for in the elastic region. On the strength of the minimum potential energy principle, a general formulation has been derived for the stress distribution of non-rectangular RC shear walls. By introducing the appropriate geometrical assumptions, the established formulations have then been re-written for conventional T-, U-, and L-shapes RC shear walls. The veracity of the results is ascertained through a comparative study employing finite element simulations for a U-shaped wall, and good agreement has been achieved to an extent that the proposed analytical formulation is capable to, respectively, predict the axial deformation and stress distribution with an accuracy of 95 and 90%. Also, the findings for the U-shaped wall indicate that the shear-lag can significantly affect the axial stress distribution and cracking load, and neglecting the influence of this phenomenon can lead to an inaccurate and a non-conservative design. Moreover, the contribution of the shear-lag and warping torsion has separately been highlighted for the U-shaped RC wall considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Embankments are constructed in many places for transportation purposes such as railways and roads. The stability of slopes in embankments has always been a concern, especially in cohesionless soils. There are many methods to increase the safety factor of cohesionless soil slopes using geogrids, geocells, concrete piles, and so on. The conventional material used to stabilize slopes has a huge impact on the environment. Nowadays, researchers are using natural fibers such as bamboo and coir fiber for stabilization purposes.Methods: In this paper, bamboo piles are used to stabilize slopes. The bamboo piles are inserted vertically on the slope face to increase the shear strength and stability against slope failure. A limit equilibrium method has been developed to estimate the stability of a slope improved by friction piles after modifying the Bishop method of slices. The stability of the slope is analyzed for both the reinforced conditions and the unreinforced conditions using the developed analytical formula.Results and Discussion: The analytical equations were developed by considering three modes of slope failure: shear failure of the bamboo piles along the failure surface, movement of the upper part of the soil, leaving the bamboo pile embedded in the base soil, and pulling out of the bamboo along with the upper part of the soil mass. Further validation of the results is carried out with the limit equilibrium method-based software SLOPE/W using a modified Bishop method. The factor of safety increased after reinforcing the slope with bamboo piles for all three modes.

This research aims to reveal and discuss state-of-the-art research addressing the relation between built heritage and individuals' subjective wellbeing (SWB). Through a systematic literature review, fifty-one studies were analyzed. Even if limited, past research confirms the substantial relation between built heritage and subjective wellbeing, and six primary factors and other sub-factors were identified. This paper's originality is found in its focus, being the link between built heritage and subjective wellbeing seldom addressed, and the definition of a six-factor model deduced from the state-of-the-art, as a theoretical framework to support further research. This paper contributes to the ongoing notion of human-centrality in the built environment and the growing trend to give importance to the human experiences within the built heritage context. The results are valuable for academics and policymakers, contributing to a tailored and place-based sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While human life has been going through biological evolution from the beginning, its concern is also present in the present era, passing through special stages of development. One of the links of this intellectual evolution is the revelation of the inspired books, which Allah Almighty has revealed from time to time according to the intellectual capacity of man while organizing teachings for the basic spiritual satisfaction of man. When he had an understanding of the commands and narrative style, the Torah was given, when he found the mysteries of the soul that led him to the next stage, he was given the method of supplication and prayer, in the form of psalms. Now that he had reached a stage of spirituality where he needed more humility, he was blessed with the Gospel. After determining these three important stages, when he was able to understand all arguments, and reached his intellectual peak, then he was given a book with a principled and abstract style of thinking like the Holy Qur'an. This intellectual evolution inspired books. It has been revealed at the time according to the need and human thought. So that it is easy for man to understand these teachings and orders and man can fight the intellectual changes that have occurred in the age with the power of argument, because argument is the power that man can use. It distinguishes human beings from other creatures and is an important means of evolution of human thought and consciousness. It is necessary that the books of Samavyah should take into account the factors affecting human thought and guide human thought towards evolution in the same order. It should be followed in the same way that the creator of the universe has taken care of human thought in the order of revelation of books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the level of including the principles of brain-based learning in the content of Oman science curricula for grades (5- 8). The study followed the analytical method. The analyses included two units of the science curriculum for each grade from grades 5 to 8 in government schools for the academic year 2020/2021. The total number of units was 16 including the student's book and the activity book for the first and second semesters. An analysis card was designed for the content of science curricula. Experts in the field verified the validity of the instrument. The reliability was obtained using inter-rater and test-retest methods. The results showed that the twelve principles of brain-based learning were included in the content of Omani science curricula for grades 5 to 8 with varying proportions. The results also indicated statistically significant differences in including the standards of the principles of brain-based learning among the grade levels. The percentage of including these standards in each grade was different from the other grades. The rate of including principles increased with the progression of the school level. There is consistency and continuity in including the standards of the principles of brain-based learning across grades at the school level covered by the current study. The study recommended taking advantage of the list of indicators of brain-based learning principles when developing the books of basic education 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite rupture discs are a safety device that burst at the specified pressure and prevent overpressure and damage to equipment by releasing the fluid at high flow rates. The burst pressure is determined by the bulge formed and then slotted sheet metal. In the hydraulic bulge-forming stage, the sheet is subject to biaxial stress, and after slotting, it is subject to uniaxial tensile stress. Due to the change in the loading type, the sheet has a nonlinear strain path during the bulge-forming and burst test after slotting. In the nonlinear strain paths, the equivalent failure strain changes according to the strain path. In this paper, based on the FEM simulation results and experimental tests, the relationship between plastic failure strain in uniaxial tensile state and the maximum pre-strain due to bulge forming is investigated. According to the results of this paper, when the sheet sufficiently forms under hydraulic pressure, the maximum strain in hydraulic bulge-forming and the equivalent failure strain after slotting are equal. Based on this result, analytical relations were developed to predict the burst pressure of composite rupture discs. This relation estimates the burst pressure of composite rupture discs with an average error of about 13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the structural behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams struck by rigid and deformable impactors at low velocities is studied. An experimental campaign consisting of three-point bending, crushing, and drop-weight tests is carried out to characterize and compare the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of the colliding bodies. Three repetitions per configuration are tested to obtain reliable data and to check the consistency and repeatability of the proposed experiments. The results are accurately reproduced using Non-Linear Finite Element (NLFE) models to obtain insights regarding the influence of strain rates in the experiments. Furthermore, a simple analytical method that considers the deformability of both bodies through their corresponding force–displacement relationships is presented. The proposed model is observed to predict with a reasonable accuracy the contact force profiles and the deformations of both bodies in almost all of the studied scenarios, while being orders of magnitude faster than the NLFE simulations. • The behavior of RC beams struck by rigid and deformable impactors is investigated. • Reliable experimental data including test repetitions is provided. • A numerical study using Non Linear Finite Element Analysis is carried out. • The influence of strain rate effects on the experiments is discussed. • An analytical model to simulate deformable strikers impacts on RC beams is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analytically and numerically investigate the performance of Laterally-Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors with Semi-circular Field OXide (S-FOX) focusing on mid-voltage (30 V – 100 V) power applications. We derive an analytical relation between breakdown voltage and on-resistance to realize the ideal behavior of the drift region for an LDMOS with S-FOX. Then, we find the optimized drift doping concentration minimizing the on-resistance at a given breakdown voltage. We introduce a new figure-of-merit for the drift region of a lateral device with S-FOX. We finally verify our ideal analytical findings with numerical results modeled and simulated in a commercial Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD).

Introduction: India has been known to be the richest heritage of medicinal plants. Globally, there is a universal rise in the use of Ayurveda system of medicine. According to the WHO, it has been evaluated that 80% of world's population relies on traditional medicines. There are many factors such as geographical variations, place, habitat, season, and temperature can affect the quality of medicinal plants. The study is an endeavor to compare the effect of seasonal variations on plants on the basis of quality standard parameters to validate the basic principle of Ayurveda “Dravyasamgraha kala.” This study aims to evaluate analytical changes and compare the data of different samples of Asparagus racemosus Willd. collected in different seasons according to Ayurveda classics. Methods: In Ayurveda texts, there is also a description about parts of the plants that should be collected in specific seasons. For the purpose, Shatavari (A. racemosus Willd.) was selected for the study. In the current research, four samples of roots of A. racemosus were collected in four different seasons-Grishma, Pravrut, Sharad, and Shishiraritu (May, June, October, and January) to compare the data and find out whether there is any similarity or difference in analytical profile. Results and Conclusion: The quality difference including physicochemical parameters, phytochemical identification, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography was remarked in the samples. It can be concluded that chemical constituents make a unique revelation from different seasons. Proper time period of the collection of plant is very important to obtain good quality drug. The season has a significant role to validate the factors that influence the potency of the drug.