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Quantitative analysis of complex mixtures, including compounds having similar chemical properties, is demonstrated using an automatic and high throughput approach to microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). Compositional analysis of organic and inorganic compounds can be accurately executed without the need of diffraction standards. Additionally, with sufficient statistics, small amounts of compounds in mixtures can be reliably detected. These compounds can be distinguished by their crystal structure properties prior to structure solution. In addition, if the crystals are of good quality, the crystal structures can be generated on the fly, providing a complete analysis of the sample. MicroED is an effective method for analyzing the structural properties of sub-micron crystals, which are frequently found in small-molecule powders. By developing and using an automatic and high throughput approach to MicroED, and with the use of SerialEM for data collection, data from thousands of crystals allow sufficient statistics to detect even small amounts of compounds reliably.

The document discusses the introduction of a new generation of Abbott enzyme assays called "Sigma-Strong reagents" that aim to improve reliability in lab results by minimizing variability and errors. While most of these new assays demonstrated high quality, recent studies have raised concerns about the correct implementation of metrological traceability for some assays, resulting in proportional bias compared to the previous generation. The study evaluated the impact of switching to the new generation of enzyme assays on imprecision, methods comparison, and patient results, highlighting positive biases in some assays and differences in patient results. [Extracted from the article]

Many investigators have investigated flat-plate solar collector absorber plates based on one-dimensional heat flows. However, the shape of the absorber plate may always create a two-dimensional temperature distribution if it has a thin thickness. Hence, an analysis of the two-dimensional heat flow in absorber plates is always required. The current paper determines a closed-form solution for the energy equation to establish a two-dimensional energy flow for an absorber plate by considering a nonlinear temperature variation at the plate–tube section. The separation of the established variable method solves the energy equation. The same energy equation was also solved numerically using the finite difference method for validation purposes. It emphasizes demonstrating that the analytical and numerical results match closely with each other. Finally, this work concludes by developing an analytical model for the practicable thermal analysis of absorber plates in solar collectors, providing error-free implementation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical autoethnography involves direct and detailed observation of a researcher's own perceptions, emotions, thoughts and actions. Approaches include retrospective, experimental, and collaborative. Data sources include records, multimedia, social media, and memories. Analytical autoethnographies can be combined with ethnographies, participant observations, or interviews. In tourism research, analytical autoethnographies have addressed experiences, tourists, attractions, and activities, especially adventure activities. Autoethnographic methods are a specialised tool, most valuable where a researcher's experience provides data or insights at greater depth or detail than available otherwise. Examples include tourism experiences that are ineffable, or those that affect only particular tourists, e.g. because of capabilities or demographics. A comprehensive research toolkit should include specialised as well as unspecialised tools, and analytical autoethnography therefore deserves broader application and greater familiarity amongst tourism researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winding inductance always plays a key role in the electromagnetic performances of stator surface-mounted permanent magnet (SSPM) machines, including their flux-weakening capability, prospective fault current, power factor, current ripple, etc. Generally speaking, winding inductance mainly comprises three components: an air-gap component, a slot-leakage component, and an end-leakage component. In this paper, firstly, the winding pole pairs of SSPM machines are investigated based on the magneto-motive force-permeance model, through which the winding configurations can also be determined. Then, according to the winding configurations, three analytical expressions for each inductance component are derived to evaluate the winding inductance per phase. In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to verify the effectiveness of the derived analytical expressions. Meanwhile, three prototyped SSPM machines are manufactured, and their winding inductances are measured to further verify the analytical expressions. The measured results agree with both the analytical and FEA results very well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the buckling behavior of steel cylindrical silos with corrugated walls and vertical stringers under axial compression. The study integrates analytical, numerical, and statistical analyses to understand the influence of geometrical parameters such as radius, wall thickness, and corrugation profile on the buckling phenomenon. The analytical calculations elucidate the critical buckling load for various scenarios, considering both unstiffened and stiffened wall configurations. The finite element analysis provides numerical validation, while the statistical analysis offers insights into the sensitivity of the critical buckling load to different parameters. The results highlight the significance of corrugation height and suggest the optimal design parameters for maximizing buckling resistance while minimizing structural weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deformations of the earth's crust create tortuous paths for groundwater flow, altering pressure distributions and flow lines. A solution for steady groundwater flow through a deformed aquifer is derived by applying the singular point method using a rectangular reference plane. The singular point method is used to develop conformal mappings with complex geometries using basic principles of groundwater mechanics including superposition, the method of images, and stagnation point analysis. The derived solution contains three parameters that can be chosen to simulate flow through a variety of deformed aquifers, including flow through a normal fault with a 90 ∘ dip, flow through a fold, and flow through a relay ramp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-ply yarns have been used as the main structure to form strands, braids, and fabrics. Thus, various strategies including experimental, numerical, and analytical models have been utilized to predict their tensile behavior. In analytical models, all are limited to a specific number of fibers in an elastic region. The time-consuming experimental-based studies suffer from the accuracy of subjective results, associated errors of the experiment, ignoring the physical aspect of the problem, and practical issues during the controlling of variables. Concerning the numerical approaches, no insight into generalization is provided and they are bug-prone methods. In this study, a generalized method is developed to predict the whole tensile behavior of polyamide-6 (PA-6) multi-ply yarns with an open-packing structure. This approach is a combination of two geometrical models and an artificial neural network that enable the calculation of the deformation of fibers in different layers, the number of fibers in each layer by taking the gap into account, and an artificial neural network to map from parameters including strain and rate of strain to the reacting force on monofilament. The model has been verified by numerical analysis and examination of several factors including the number of layers, twist level, and rate of strain. After having trained ANN modeling with R 2 ≈ 1 , the proof-of-concept results demonstrated that this established model is capable of predicting the tensile behavior of PA-6 multi-ply yarns with high precision and accuracy (average value of R 2 = 0.97 and MAPE = 4.65 % ). It is envisioned that the presented model can be extensively applied to all yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catechin is one of the prestigious phytoconstituent obtained from the divine wealth of nature. It is a polyphenolic constituent which is broadly distributed in plant kingdom and tea, legumes and rubeaceous plants are rich sources of it. Various research groups have extracted and isolated it by using different analytical techniques due to its diverse pharmacological profile. It is evident in nature that catechin possesses promising anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and anti-viral properties. There are several formulations reported which are intended for multiple uses where catechins are important ingredient. This review discusses the various analytical techniques employed for the extraction and isolation of catechins from various sources, as well as a summary of various reported formulations. The authors also discuss the various pharmacological activities exhibited by catechins, along with the significant outcomes and plausible mode of action. In addition, the review provides an insight into various synthetic and biosynthetic procedures for catechins, along with a description of various clinical trials and patents. In the lateral sections of this compilation, an insight to various synthetic/biosynthetic procedures for catechins has been provided along with description to various clinical trials and patents. Although a lot of progress has been made towards exploration of catechins, still these are associated with some issues of bioavailability and unclear modes of action, which need to be resolved in upcoming times. This review is more comprehensive on catechins, as it covers a wider range of topic includings; analytical techniques for the extraction and isolations of catechins, formulations containing catechins, pharmacological activities, synthetic and biosynthetic procedure, clinical trials as well as patents. The review also provide a more in-depth discussion of the pharmacological activities of catechins, including the significant outcomes and plausible mode of action. The article also highlights the need for the further research to address the issues of bioavailability and unclear modes of action associated with the catechin. This is an important area of research, as it is essential to understand the ADME to develop effective catechin-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1960, Jung lamented psychology's limited impact on global fate. Although Fordham tried to reassure him that Jungians were promoting his work, Jung was looking from the other end of the telescope, seeing the need to rescue humanity from its one‐sidedness that would ultimately lead to nuclear conflict. Astronomical evidence, such as the Fermi paradox, echoes Jung's concerns about likely self‐destruction. Rather than promoting Jungian ideas to interested groups, the imperative lies in identifying crucial messages for global survival and engaging the public in them. Science provides some useful lessons because its concerted efforts over centuries led to the gradual integration of scientific thinking into the public psyche. These lessons suggest that, to cross the border from the Jungian to wider public domain, compromises are necessary, such as simplifying messages and making engagement enchanting and practical. Analytical psychology's task goes beyond one individual, group, or even generation, and a debate is needed to begin to form a consensus on the way ahead. Some initial suggestions are made for adopting terminology the public can relate to, focusing on the transcendent function as the main vehicle to overcome one‐sidedness and conflict, and using figures like Nelson Mandela to demonstrate practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beach erosion and coastal protection are complex and interconnected phenomena that have a substantial impact on coastal environments worldwide. Among the various coastal protection measures, seawalls have been widely implemented to mitigate erosion and protect coastal assets. However, the interrelationship between beach erosion and seawalls remains a critical topic for investigation to ensure effective and sustainable coastal management strategies. Seawalls impact the shoreline, particularly through the "end effect", where the seawall functions similarly to a groin, causing erosion on the downdrift side relative to the direction of wave approach. This study provides a detailed analysis of the interplay between beach erosion and seawall structures in Loc An, Vietnam, employing both remote sensing and numerical approaches. Sentinel-2 images were employed together with an analytical solution to observe the shoreline change at the Loc An sand spit and to determine input values for the numerical model. Based on the shoreline dynamics, a numerical scheme was employed to study the shoreline evolution after the construction of a seawall. Our findings show that the shoreline evolution can be divided into three stages: (1) The first stage corresponds to the elongation of the sand spit without interference from coastal structures. (2) The second stage shows the effect of jetties on the shoreline, as signaled by the buildup of sand updrift of the jetties. (3) The third stage shows the effectiveness of the seawall, where the shoreline reaches its equilibrium condition. The study provides a quick and simple method for estimating shoreline diffusivity (ε) in situations where measured data is scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analytical or synthetic knowledge is widely considered beneficial for eco‐innovation (EI). For a firm, analytical and synthetic knowledge can be acquired externally through collaboration with various partners or generated internally through R&D and other internal firm activities. However, evidence supporting the assumption that both forms of knowledge are complementary and that "doing more of all" will benefit EI is unclear. We found that external analytical and synthetic knowledge and internal analytical and synthetic knowledge all positively affect EI, with internal analytical being the most prominent. However, combining analytical and synthetic knowledge may not be beneficial for EI. The interaction between analytical and external synthetic knowledge is generally substitutive. We found a particularly significant substitutive effect between internal analytical and internal synthetic knowledge, as well as between internal analytical and external synthetic knowledge. In short, we found little evidence of complementarity between analytical and synthetic knowledge, regardless of where it is acquired from. These findings advise caution to firm managers and policymakers who are considering strategies to combine different forms of knowledge from different sources to successfully achieve EI goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of gender disparity, parity, equality, and equity have been popping up in relation to the status of the welfare of the girl-child. There are many advocacy groups supporting the protection of the female gender drawing attention to women and female children, but who cares about the boychild? It is notable in this article that the boy-child is left to suffer the forces of destiny, fate and cosmological incidences! However, the question about the fears of education wastage and recruitment to militia activities translates into a cause for critical apprehension. It is from this backdrop that this paper articulates the necessity of establishing the plight of the boy-child, explaining the contingency between the boy-child and education wastage, and alluding to the prospect of boy-child recruitment into the militia atrocities and outrages. The study is guided by analytical, critical, and prescriptive methods of technical philosophy and the facts are drawn from existing literature. It is palpable that an ignored boy-child is equally exposed to a myriad of plights, education wastage, and proclivity to terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation. In this work, we analyze the evolution of the precipitation probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or "wet‐days") and all‐days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis. Looking at the form of wet‐days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes. Two are predominant: in most of northern Europe the precipitation quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low‐medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify or decrease. The wet‐days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes. Assessing the significance of the parameters' changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet‐days distribution has already emerged in northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense precipitation), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger. We extend the results by describing the all‐days distribution change as the wet‐days' change plus a contribution from the dry‐days frequency change, and study their relative contribution. In northern Europe, the wet‐days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry‐days frequency change can be neglected for wet‐days percentiles above about 50%. In the Mediterranean, however, the change of precipitation distribution comes from the significant increase of dry‐days frequency instead of an intensity change during wet‐days. Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry‐days frequency is crucial for all‐days trends, even for heavy precipitation. Plain Language Summary: The Mediterranean region is facing increased dryness alongside more intense rainfall in certain areas. We delved into the change of precipitation frequency and intensity across Europe and the Mediterranean using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1950 to 2020. Our analysis revealed four distinct patterns in how rainfall is evolving. In much of northern Europe, heavy rainfall events are becoming more frequent, while in the Mediterranean, lighter precipitation is decreasing while heavy rain is either increasing or decreasing. To understand these changes better, we used a mathematical model with two parameters. This model helped us track the types of changes in precipitation patterns. We found that in northern Europe, the increase in rainfall intensity is the primary driver of change, while in the Mediterranean, it's more about the increase of the dry‐days frequency. These findings underscore the importance of considering both the frequency and intensity of precipitation when studying climate change impacts. By understanding these shifts, we can better prepare for future weather extremes in these regions and adapt to the changing climate. Key Points: Four regimes of change for daily precipitation distribution are identified, and are captured by a two parameters analytical modelIn northern Europe, a signal of increasing mean and extreme precipitation has emergedIn the Mediterranean, the changes of precipitation appears dominated by changes in dry‐days frequency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CIR stochastic volatility model is modified to introduce nonlinear mean reversion, with the long-run volatility average as a random variable controlled by two parts being modeled through a Brownian motion and a Markov chain, respectively. This model still possesses an analytical formulation of the forward characteristic function, from which we establish variance swap prices as well as volatility swap ones with a nonlinear payoff in closed form. The numerical implementation of the two formulae demonstrates the significant impact of regime switching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

descriptive (adj.) “serving or aiming to describe,” 1751, from Late Latin descriptivus, from descript-, past-participle stem of describere “to write down, copy; sketch, represent,” from de “down” (see de-) + scribere “to write” (from PIE root *skribh- “to cut”). Related: Descriptively; descriptiveness. 1Online Etymology Dictionary https://www.etymonline.com/word/descriptive © 2001-2024 Douglas Harper analytical (adj.) “employing analytic methods,” 1520s, with -al (1) + Medieval Latin analyticus, from analyticus, from Greek analytikos “analytical,” from analytos “dissolved,” from analyein “unloose, release, set free,” from ana “up, back, throughout” (see ana) + lysis “a loosening,” from lyein “to unfasten” (from PIE root *leu- “to loosen, divide, cut apart”). 2Online Etymology Dictionary https://www.etymonline.com/word/analytical © 2001-2024 Douglas Harper

Improving the strength and lateral stiffness values of the reinforced concrete structure can be done by installing the brick wall. The capacity of the reinforced concrete structure cannot be predicted if the wall equipped with openings. Developing the modeling using the diagonal strut method was done in this analytical model for wall with openings in this research. The analytical modeling results will be verified with experimental and analytical models of brick walls with two openings and a door opening show comprehensible results with deviations of 19% and 7.9% for IFOW1, IFOP and IFOW2, respectively. In other words, the analytical equations developed are successfully applied.

Fabricating micro-pillars is a tough procedure as these features are highly debile. Wire Electro-Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a popular micromachining process to fabricate complex features on electrical conducting materials. SS304 stainless steel is commonly used in manufacturing of heating and cooling devices. A simple method of micro-pillars array fabrication on SS304 Stainless Steel material using WEDM was used through perpendicular crossed wire movement, keeping specified amount of step-over distance to form pillars. An analytical model for material removal rate prediction was developed using input parameters like spark duration, off time, voltage and current. Also, the influence of the process parameters was studied on depth and kerf width produced. Voltage and pulse-on time were found to be the major influencing parameters. Micro-featured surfaces fabricated for minimum kerf width and maximum feature depth were analysed using SEM and EDS along with the wettability study. The fabricated surfaces remained hydrophobic even after 100s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability and economic development is intertwined with the energy consumption and conversion processes. To suffice the ever-increasing demand of energy consumption amid environmental concerns, energy conservation and recovery along with the harnessing of renewable energy has been mandated by the policy regulators. In any energy conversion process, heat exchangers are vital operation component and has been part of any energy conversion process since the Nineteenth century. However, due to the increased energy demand, requirement of high efficiency and space and material constraints, the need for miniaturized light-weight heat exchangers with adequate heat transfer characteristics persists. Traditional heat exchangers are outdated because of its large space requirements and comparatively less heat removal rate. Theminiaturized micro channel heat sink (MCHS) with tubes of about less than 1mm have a tremendous potential to further enhance the heat transfer performance. However, its simple design doesn't cope with the modern requirements of heat removal. Therefore, many researchers have tried to improve its performance using different techniques. The present study reviews some of the most important techniques applied to MCHS. These techniques include, coolant types used in MCHS, MCHS shapes, flow conditions, numerical methods used for this research, andmaterials used tomanufacture MCHS.Moreover, some recommendations have been given to provide opportunities to researchers for future aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic grammar emerged with the objective of preventing the incorrect recitation of the Qur'an and averting misunderstandings by attempting to read an Arabic text correctly within the framework of certain rules and principles. Originating in Basra, systematic studies were sequentially conducted in Kufa, Baghdad, Andalusia, and Egypt. Within this framework, some linguists from Basra and Kufa who settled in Baghdad by carrying out studies that brought different perspectives on the linguistic field basically made a choice between the views of these two schools and blended them while also introducing their own perspectives, thus forming the Baghdad School of Arabic Grammar. This article discusses the Baghdad language school and the prominent linguists in it. The introduction provides fundamental information about the emergence and formation of Arabic grammar. Subsequently, it elucidates the formation process of the Baghdad School of Arabic Grammar following the Basra and Kufa linguistic schools, outlining its fundamental approaches and characteristics. Additionally, it provides brief information about the lives and works of influential linguists who pioneered the formation of the Baghdad School, such as Ahfesh al-Awset, Ibn Qaysan, Abu Ali al-Farisi and Ibn Jinni, and their different linguistic views from previous linguists were discussed with an analytical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine HCl on divided powder dosage form are the most popular prescription for children at "X" hospital in Yogyakarta. The interest for studying this divided powder was related to the quality test towards human health. If the drug doesn't meet the requirement of good quality drug, it can cause damage to the quality of life. Hence, it was important to develop a validated analytical method to quantify content of active drug from samples. The samples were prepared by a pharmacist at "X" hospital in Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Tablets from each compound were blended and divided by pulverizer into powder bags then were sealed. In this study, a reversed phase HPLC Ultraviolet (RP-HPLC-UV) method was optimized and validated then applied for determining the content of ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine HCl in divided powder. The optimal condition for HPLC separation with mobile phase of methanol were 0.04M Na2HPO4 buffer (60:40) and flow rate 0.8 mL/min. According to AOAC International 2019, the developed RP-HPLC-UV method was good and met the requirement of selectivity and sensitivity. The calibration curve formulas of ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine hydrochloride were y = 27714x-79111 (r=0.994) and y = 26324x+72581 (r=0.993) in the range of 10.9-54.5 and 10.6-53.0 µg/mL, respectively. Accuracy and intermediate precision were assessed on both standard solution and samples spiked with standard solution of ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine hydrochloride. It was found that both standard solution and the spiked samples solution met the requirement of recovery of 80-110% and RSD of less than 7.3% for intraday and interday analysis. Content of ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine hydrochloride in sample (n=7) were 16.574±0.098 and 30.640±0.035 µg/mL, respectively. It can be concluded that the RP-HPLC-UV method was successfully validated then applied in the determination of ketotifen fumarate and cyproheptadine HCl in divided powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new analytical approach for calculating the stiffness of the loaded face of a rectangular hollow section RHS column in beam-column connections with and without concrete infill, as well as with flush and extended endplates, to determine the behavior curve of these types of connections. The approach, based on Eurocode 03's component method, offers efficient analytical formulas for accurately determining the loaded face's stiffness. A comparison with existing methods demonstrates its remarkable simplicity and efficiency, allowing a simple beam model to represent the RHS column's behavior with all relevant parameters considered. Comparison of the new approach to existing ones from the literature demonstrates their reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, when compared to 32 experimental tests presenting nearly the entire range of probable connection configurations, as well as attachment techniques commonly used in construction practice, the margin of error does not exceed 12 percent on average and a maximum of less than 25 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal of Sharia & Islamic Studies (JSIS) is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous challenges that arise in the field of art history require recourse to expertise in perceptual psychology. In addition to explaining the meaning that people attach to individual works of art and their content, the effect that arises in the recipient is essential to deciding whether the work of art could adequately represent a statement. In addition, with in-depth knowledge of the human act of perception, it is easier to understand what people can and cannot process, when, and how. Art and perception have always formed a unity, as a work of art has no meaning without perception. Artists often acted as intuitive psychologists who understood very well how human perception works and how certain effects can be achieved. Accordingly, art history, which is dedicated to art from a historical perspective, requires precisely this expertise in a systematic manner to adequately depict, describe, and explain the dimension of perception. The following programmatic paper aims to make clear why both disciplines should work closely together and shows what such fruitful paths of joint work could look like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Images captured in rainy weather conditions often suffer from contamination, resulting in blurred or obscured objects, which can significantly impact detection performance due to the loss of identifiable texture and color information. Moreover, the quality of the detection model plays a pivotal role in determining detection outcomes. This study adopts a dual perspective, considering both pre-trained models and training data. It employs 15 image augmentation techniques, combined with neural style transfer (NST), CycleGAN, and an analytical method, to synthesize images under rainy conditions. The Real-Time Detection Transformer (RTDETR) and YOLOv8 pre-trained models are utilized to establish object detection frameworks tailored for rainy weather conditions. Testing is carried out using the DAWN (Detection in Adverse Weather Nature) dataset. The findings suggest compatibility between the pre-trained detection models and various data synthesis methods. Notably, YOLOv8 exhibits better compatibility with CycleGAN data synthesis, while RTDETR demonstrates a stronger alignment with the NST and analytical approaches. Upon the integration of synthesized rainy images into model training, RTDETR demonstrates significantly enhanced detection accuracy compared to YOLOv8, indicating a more pronounced improvement in performance. The proposed approach of combining RTDETR with NST in this study shows a significant improvement in Recall (R) and mAP50-95 by 16.35% and 15.50%, respectively, demonstrating the robust rainy weather resilience of this method. Additionally, RTDETR outperforms YOLOv8 in terms of inference speed and hardware requirements, making it easier to use and deploy in real-time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the mechanism of UVAD using numerical and analytical techniques. Silicon wafers possess challenging cutting properties due to their inherent brittleness and susceptibility to cracking along specific crystal orientation. Hence, non-traditional cutting methods like UVAD hold promise for precision micro-hole drilling in silicon wafers. In order to comprehend the mechanism of UVAD, the numerical technique utilized a direct brittle micro-cracking model within a 2D finite element (FE) method. This facilitated a comparative analysis between conventional drilling (CD) and UVAD, with a specific focus on understanding the micro-cracking mechanisms during the mechanical process. This study examined primarily the cutting force, micro-fracture analysis, and cutting energy. The numerical technique effectively predicted micro-cracks within the brittle regime, a task that is challenging to accomplish using analytical methods alone. In parallel, an analytical technique was developed to predict brittle-ductile transition (BDT) lines by analyzing the thrust force and specific cutting energy (SCE), combined with the numerical technique. Various feed rates per revolution were tested to validate the analytical force predictions. The analytical results demonstrate that the force profile corresponds to the transient cutting depth, while the numerical results indicated that the direct brittle micro-cracking model effectively demonstrated the fracture mechanisms, particularly at greater depths of cut. The SCE graph can predict the formation of a ductile regime on the cutting surface of the drilled micro-hole, although predicting micro-fractures on the side edges of the drilled micro-holes remains challenging. Additionally, UVAD demonstrated a reduction in micro-fractures on the sides of drilled micro-holes, particularly at very low feed rates per revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threshold voltage behavior at cryogenic temperatures is dominated by interface traps. This mechanism leads to different trends of the threshold voltage for NMOS and PMOS toward deep cryogenic temperature. This study investigates threshold voltage (Vth) at cryogenic temperatures down to 10 mK for the first time, based on the recently developed physical charge‐based analytical threshold voltage model. To investigate the impact of devices on circuits at low temperatures, crucial MOSFET and analog design parameters, including transconductance (gm), subthreshold swing (SS), linear region current (Ilin) and gm/IDS related parameters are characterized and compared from 300 to 4 K. A Discussion on circuit performance and power consumption has been conducted to provide useful insights for low‐temperature CMOS circuit design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bragg peak range uncertainties are a persistent constraint in proton therapy. Pulsed proton beams generate protoacoustic emissions proportional to absorbed proton energy, thereby encoding dosimetry information in a detectable acoustic wave. Here, we seek to derive and model 3D protoacoustic imaging with an ultrasound array and examine the frequency characteristics of protoacoustic emissions. A formalism is presented through which protoacoustic signals can be characterized considering transducer bandwidth as well as pulse duration of the incident beam. We have also collected an experimental proton beam intensity signal from a Mevion S250 clinical machine to analyze our formalism. We also show that proton-acoustic image reconstruction is possible even when the noise amplitude is larger than the signal amplitude on individual transducers. We find that a 4μ s Gaussian proton pulse can generate a signal in the range of MHz as long as the spatial heating function has sufficiently high temperature gradients.

Abstract Representative single anisotropic matrix block 2D Green’s function models for depletion through fully-penetrating, vertical fractures through different numbers of fracture faces are constructed that analytically capture both fracture and block depletion with fracture-matrix mass transfer. The 1D Green’s function for a fracture system is likewise solved in terms of the time evolution of average fracture pressure. While transient average pressure values are not inherently measurable, they are transformed into cumulative production or instantaneous flowrate values, thus producing new rate decline model functional forms. Primary variables in assembling the interacting systems model are the volume ratio, V f /V m , permeability ratio, k f /k x , and geometry, (a/b)(k y /k x ), with the last term accounting for both block shape and permeability anisotropy. We construct interacting systems models in terms of various ratios of V f /V m , and k f /k x for three fracture architecture prototypes: representative matrix blocks depleted by 4, 2, or 1 contacting fractures. The single matrix block models can be migrated to ones for heterogeneous systems using superposition and matrix block distributions, as demonstrated with a binary distribution of block sizes with variable fractions. Analytic solutions for rate decline problems can be used to understand the production signatures of naturally fractured reservoirs and interpretation of fracture volume fraction, permeability ratio, average matrix block size, and measures of heterogeneity.

In radiotherapy treatment planning, the absorbed doses are subject to executional and preparational errors, which propagate to plan quality metrics. Accurately quantifying these uncertainties is imperative for improved treatment outcomes. One approach, analytical probabilistic modeling (APM), presents a highly computationally efficient method. This study evaluates the empirical distribution of dose–volume histogram points (a typical plan metric) derived from Monte Carlo sampling to quantify the accuracy of modeling uncertainties under different distribution assumptions, including Gaussian, log-normal, four-parameter beta, gamma, and Gumbel distributions. Since APM necessitates the bivariate cumulative distribution functions, this investigation also delves into approximations using a Gaussian or an Ali–Mikhail–Haq Copula. The evaluations are performed in a one-dimensional simulated geometry and on patient data for a lung case. Our findings suggest that employing a beta distribution offers improved modeling accuracy compared to a normal distribution. Moreover, the multivariate Gaussian model outperforms the Copula models in patient data. This investigation highlights the significance of appropriate statistical distribution selection in advancing the accuracy of uncertainty modeling in radiotherapy treatment planning, extending an understanding of the analytical probabilistic modeling capacities in this crucial medical domain.

Many investigators have investigated flat-plate solar collector absorber plates based on one-dimensional heat flows. However, the shape of the absorber plate may always create a two-dimensional temperature distribution if it has a thin thickness. Hence, an analysis of the two-dimensional heat flow in absorber plates is always required. The current paper determines a closed-form solution for the energy equation to establish a two-dimensional energy flow for an absorber plate by considering a nonlinear temperature variation at the plate–tube section. The separation of the established variable method solves the energy equation. The same energy equation was also solved numerically using the finite difference method for validation purposes. It emphasizes demonstrating that the analytical and numerical results match closely with each other. Finally, this work concludes by developing an analytical model for the practicable thermal analysis of absorber plates in solar collectors, providing error-free implementation results.

In this work, we have presented an analytical model for a recently proposed symmetrical recessed double gate junctionless field‐effect transistor (R_DGJLFET) operating in subthreshold region. The model has been developed by solving a two‐dimensional Poisson's equation in three continuous rectangular silicon regions, resulting in explicit expressions for surface potential, center potential, and eventually the subthreshold drain current. The model provides deeper physical insights by successfully incorporating the effect of various design parameters such as doping concentration, gate length, gate work function, and effective oxide thickness on the subthreshold drain current. Moreover, the effect of variations in gate length on the subthreshold slope has also been presented. The model results have been validated with the simulation results obtained from the Silvaco Atlas tool and found reasonably close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]