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Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Chinese government has considered the transcritical CO 2 heat pump (TCHP) as a promising solution for space heating with the goal of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality." Considering the convenient implementation and the performance improvement, the vapor injection technique should be taken into consideration. This paper presents the experimental and simulation investigation of the SCVI TCHP prototype with energetic and economic analysis. Under the design condition, the SCVI technique could improve the peak COP by 5.02 % with a 10.11 % improvement in heating capacity. Compared to the direct electric heater solution, the annual operation cost was reduced by 11966CNY, 29.03 % higher than the Base TCHP. The payback period was decreased from 8 to 6.9 years due to the application of vapor injection. The effect of ambient temperature on the system performances was evaluated based on the experimental data. As the simulation progressed, a control strategy optimizing both the discharge and the medium pressure was developed, and the influence of inlet and outlet water temperature was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analysis of the new ejector expansion transcritical refrigeration cycle's energy, efficiency, and economics is conducted. • The proposed system makes a significant contribution to climate change improvement. • Parametric design through the ANOVA technique is effectively used. • Multi-objective optimization is evaluated using the NSGA-II approach. • Energy efficiency and overall product cost are simultaneously optimized. With a projected increase of over 30 % by 2050, refrigeration systems are already responsible for 17 % of all electrical energy. To address these critical environmental concerns and enhance overall efficiency while reducing costs, a shift to eco-friendly and neutral impact alternatives is imperative. When carbon dioxide (CO 2) is used as a working fluid since it is a natural gas, coupled with optimized system configurations, it holds the promise to mitigate these challenges effectively. In this study, a novel transcritical refrigeration cycle with an ejector operating with CO 2 , is proposed to further improve system efficiency. To validate the system's performance, a comprehensive thermodynamic model was established, and published results were used for validation. Remarkably, the new system demonstrated higher energy and exergy efficiency when compared to existing systems documented in the literature. To identify the most influential factors affecting cycle performance, an ANOVA analysis was conducted. The evaporator temperature was shown to be the most important variable, impacting the COP, exergy efficiency, and overall cost of the product by a combined 81, 46, and 75 %, respectively. In addition, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) method was used to maximize the effectiveness of the system. This method of multi-objective optimization took into account both the thermodynamic criterion of exergy efficiency and the economic criterion of total product cost. The integration of these criteria in the optimization process allows for an environmentally friendly and economically viable NEETR cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Light gas separation unit of MTP process and refrigeration cycles are simulated. • A new multi-objective optimization approach for minimizing TAC with achieving to the desired product specifications is applied. • Pinch and exergy methods are used for obtaining optimal results in columns and refrigeration cycles operating conditions. • Real costs of refrigeration cycles considering of their interactions with separation columns are calculated. • Operating parameter of the propylene and ethylene refrigeration cycles are optimized simultaneously with distillation columns. In this study, optimization and economic analysis of the separation of light gases in the methanol to propylene, MTP, process along with refrigeration cycles design are performed, by using pinch and exergy analysis. In the course of the separation process optimization and refrigeration cycles design, by using a Visual Basic, VB, program and genetic algorithm, GA, rigorous distillation simulation is carried out, then streams information is employed to find optimum temperature levels, corresponding to tower condenser temperature, by minimizing the areas between the Exergy Grand Composite Curve, EGCC, and constant temperature levels of refrigeration cycles. Economic calculations were performed to obtain the lowest total annual cost, TAC, for refrigeration cycles, towers and other equipment. Two cases of the direct and indirect sequences are examined through the developed framework, inspection of their results represents that the operational cost has a significant contribution to the TAC. As a result, heat integration would reduce it by nearly 60%. Also, scrutinized analysis of the optimization results, especially by considering the TAC and its contributions, for the direct and indirect sequences, leads to the conclusion that indirect sequence would exhibit lower cost for light gas separation. The framework represented herein paves a way to the systematic design of integrated low-temperature separation processes with refrigeration cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The recovery temperature of condensation heat is increased. • In economic analysis, the impact of the latest policy is taken into consideration. • It is a reference for China's "carbon peak, carbon neutralization" policy. Condensation heat recovery is a way to save energy and reduce carbon emissions. For the auto-cascade refrigeration cycle system, increasing the heat recovery temperature is contradictory to ensuring the refrigerate performance of the system. Here is a nested cascade refrigeration cycle system with a heat recovery system is designed to increase the heat recovery temperature. Carry out energy, economy, and carbon emissions analysis of the system. In the economic analysis, the impact of carbon tax trading policies was considered. The analysis results show that when cooling 1 kgR23 consumes the same energy and obtains the same heat supply when the recovery temperature of the auto-cascade refrigeration cycle reaches 50°C, the recovery temperature of the heat recovery system is 67°C, which increases the recovery temperature by 17 °C. Without considering carbon tax transactions, when the recovery temperature is lower than 100 °C, the economy of the heat recovery system is better than that of standard coal; and when the recovery temperature is higher than 100 °C, the economy of standard coal is better. When considering the impact of carbon tax transactions, when the heat recovery temperature is below 110 °C, and the heat recovery system is the most economical. Among them, when the condensation temperature of R744 rises from 50 °C to 120 °C in the heat recovery system, the carbon dioxide emissions increase from 20.8 kg/GJ to 45.84 kg/GJ. In the temperature range of 50–120 °C, it is lower than electric heating, standard coal heating, and natural gas heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• COP of the absorption refrigeration prototype maintains between 0.29 and 0.35. • Waste heat recovery ratio is improved by 150% when reboiler heating ratio is 0.37. • Waste heat from both exhaust gas and jacket coolant is recovered in the generator. • Specific power consumption of the modified LNG plant is reduced by 30%. • Annual operating cost is reduced by 9.4% compared with conventional LNG plant. In a variety of waste heat utilization technologies, absorption refrigeration can be driven by low-grade heat to provide cooling capacity, which is suitable for situations with both waste heat supply and refrigeration demand. In this paper, an ammonia-water absorption refrigeration prototype with a new generator structure is experimentally studied. Its economic analysis is carried out for pre-cooling in a liquefied natural gas plant. It is investigated that 1.8 kW cooling capacity at −10 °C is obtained, COP maintains between 0.29 and 0.35, and waste heat recovery ratio is improved by 150%. The proposed system is applied to a 30,000 Nm3 d−1 liquefied natural gas plant to replace the conventional compression refrigerator as the pre-cooling stage, and waste heat from exhaust gas and jacket coolant is recovered in the reboiler and stripping section, respectively, in order to provide cooling capacity for pre-cooling of both natural gas and refrigerant. Economic analysis shows that specific power consumption of the modified system is reduced by 30%, from 0.40 to 0.28 kWh Nm−3. Consequently, the annual natural gas consumption and operating costs are reduced by 17.3% and 9.4%, respectively, and the payback period is 2.2 years compared to conventional systems with compressor-based pre-cooling stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comparison is made between one or two TED sub-coolers for the CO 2 heat pump. • Multi-objective optimization is used to maximize the COP while minimizing mass. • Choosing one or two sub-coolers and the number of TE modules are design parameters. • Two sub-coolers achieved a further 6.24% COP improvement over one sub-cooler. • The TED sub-cooler is economically feasible as it costs 20% of the CO 2 compressor. Although a thermoelectric device (TED) sub-cooler can improve the trans-critical carbon dioxide (TCO 2) cycle, the maximum heating capacity by a single TED is limited by its internal properties. This paper integrates two serially connected and independently powered TED sub-cooler devices into the trans-critical carbon dioxide (TCO 2) cycle to achieve a better share of the total heating capacity amongst the TED sub-coolers. A multi-objective optimization approach is used to further optimize this new TCO 2 +2-TED cycle in terms of coefficient of performance (COP) and system size. A capital cost analysis is also conducted to prove that this implementation is economically feasible. In the analysis, the effect of the number of thermoelectric modules, the heating capacity ratio between the two TED sub-coolers, and the type of thermoelectric module have been studied. Furthermore, both the water heating and refrigeration case studies have been separately studied by using the NSGA-II algorithm. Results show that, in both cases, only one unique solution out of 50 in the Pareto front registered the TCO 2 +2-TED cycle, which offered a further 6.24% COP improvement for water heating over the common TCO 2 +TED cycle solutions. The TED sub-cooler costs 20% of the compressor, so the solution is reasonably economical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The system used R290 (an environment-friendly refrigerant). • The results showed that the COP of an HSHP mode is better than GSHP, ASHP, SAHP for most environmental conditions. • The best payback was obtained using a SAHP mode. • A case study was also performed considering the climate of three Brazilian cities. This work presents a study for examining the viability of Solar Geothermal Hybrid Source Heat Pump systems to produce domestic hot water in Brazilian-type climates. The system considered has an open-loop ground-water (aquifer) and an uncovered solar collector that can be used in a separate or connected in series topology. The refrigerant chosen for the heat pump was R290 (propane). This theoretical analysis was made using lumped models for each component of the system. The influence of ambient temperature, solar radiation, water well depth and ground water temperature in the COP, payback and collector efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the COP of a Hybrid Source Heat Pump was better than other types of heat pump configurations for most environmental conditions, but the best payback was obtained using a Solar-Assisted Heat Pump. A case of study was performed for three different cities in Brazil and the paybacks found were in the range of 2.28 and 4.45 years. The results of COP and payback were compared with other papers and the maximum difference was 10% and 12%, respectively. Considering the scenario of a house that already has a water well, thereby eliminating the drilling cost, the best payback is obtained using a Ground-Source Heat Pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Desiccant cooling and water desalination systems are powered by engine waste heats. • Novel desiccant cooling cycles can recover 121% of annual consumed water. • Regeneration streams change from parallel to series to raise dew point temperature. • Experimental data of gas engine (33kVA) is applied to transient study. • An equation has been presented to estimate desiccant wheel cost. In hot and humid regions, vapor-compression cooling systems impose high power demand to grid and increase peak of the load. While thermally activated cooling systems can be a sustainable solution, they are even more beneficial when driven by waste heat. In this paper, a multi-generation system including gas engine, desiccant cooling system and thermal desalination system is studied under three different weather conditions. In the desiccant system, two innovative cycles are applied in which the humidity of regeneration air is higher than conventional systems. Therefore, dew point temperature will be high enough for water condensation. The results show it can compensate for 121% of consumed water in humid areas. Moreover, thermal COP is within range of 0.61–1 in studied cities. While the cooling system uses the jacket water heat, desalination system is powered by the flue gasses. It can annually desalinate 1,122 and 1,817 m3 water by heats of the engines with powers of 33 and 55 kVA. Economic investigation shows levelized cost of cooling is within range of 1.5 to 20 US cents depending on the system size and weather conditions. Besides the water price, the difference between electricity and gas prices plays a key role in system economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A coupled plate heat exchanger - heat pump design and off-design model is presented. • Effect of end plates and liquid/vapour maldistribution are considered in evaporators. • Maldistribution entails a degradation of both evaporator and cycle performance. • Refrigerants sensitivity to maldistribution is related to sensitivity to pressure drop. • Maldistribution may impact the levelized specific cost of heat of the heat pump. This paper presents a combined plate heat exchanger (PHE) - heat pump simulation framework for the evaluation of flow maldistribution in PHE evaporators and its effect on the cycle thermodynamic and economic performance. A case study of heat pump integration for waste heat recovery purposes in data centres was chosen to demonstrate the utilization of the simulation tool. The analyses were made for the pure fluids butane and propane, and for the zeotropic mixtures propylene/butane at (0.5,0.5) mass composition and CO 2 /dimethyl ether (DME) (0.2,0.8) as refrigerants. Both liquid/vapour maldistribution and the effect of end plates were considered in the heat exchanger models. Results show that butane is most sensitive to maldistribution, with a maximum Coefficient of Performance (COP) reduction of 5.9%, while propane experiences the lowest reduction of 2.5%. The different sensitivity of the working fluids to maldistribution was found to be related to the evaporator design, refrigerant pressure drop, and fluid properties. Last, the results of the economic analysis show that a higher specific cost of heat is obtained when considering maldistribution effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the cost of managing treatment-limiting cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs to an alternative strategy of immediate treatment initiation using second-line drugs in a South African setting.Methods: Clinical and cost data were retrospectively collected from patients presenting with a first-line anti-tuberculosis therapy-associated CADR. Costs (2016 US$) were estimated using an ingredient's approach from a healthcare provider perspective. The per-patient and total cost of drug rechallenge, the current management strategy for severe CADR, was calculated. Alternative strategies involving second-line treatment were derived from literature and expert clinical advice.Results: Drug rechallenge costs US $5831 (95% CI: 5134-6527) per patient. Hospitalisation accounted for 62% of this cost. Alternative CADR management strategies using regimens containing rifabutin, bedaquiline and/or delamanid cost 44%-55% less than drug rechallenge (US $2651-US $3276/patient). In univariate sensitivity analyses, drug rechallenge and alternative strategies were most sensitive to hospitalisation and tuberculosis drug costs, respectively.Conclusion: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to anti-tuberculosis treatment represent a significant economic burden. An alternate strategy of outpatient-initiated second-line therapy is economically feasible but requires clinical validation to assess effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photovoltaic thermal collectors, ejector refrigeration cycle and phase change material hybrid system are introduced. • Photovoltaic thermal collectors produced heat is used as heat source of the ejector refrigeration cycle. • Total energy and total exergy efficiencies of the hybrid system are 50.84% and 60.51%. • The rate and period of investment return were obtained 29.36% and 3.405 years, respectively. In this study, an integrated system which including photovoltaic-thermal collectors, ejector refrigeration cycle and phase change material storage is developed and analyzed. The electrical power and refrigeration energy of the proposed system are about of 6666 kW and 5395 kW, respectively. The phase-change material storage sub-system consists of capric acid-lauric acid that in the absence of heat source of solar energy at night, 5395 kW refrigeration is released to cool at a temperature of 9 °C. The energy and exergy analyses are conducted and the obtained results show that overall thermal and total exergy efficiencies are about of 60.51% and 50.84%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of the important operating parameters on the system performance. In this regard, Output temperature, generated heat energy and area of the photovoltaic thermal collectors; solar radiation, produced refrigeration and volume of thermal energy storage are selected. Also, the economic analysis is conducted and the obtained results indicate that the proposed system has an investment return period of 3.405 years and a prime cost of product of 20.45 US$ per ton of refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif La polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) est le plus fréquent des rhumatismes inflammatoires systémiques avec des manifestations extra-articulaires à l'origine de comorbidités. Ces comorbidités sont plus fréquentes, plus graves et moins prises en charge que dans la population générale. L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'analyser la pertinence économique d'une consultation infirmière dédiée à la prise en charge des actes de prévention des patients atteints de PR. Méthode L'essai clinique contrôlé randomisé multicentrique COMEDRA qui s'est déroulé de mars 2011 à juin 2012, mesurait l'efficacité d'une consultation infirmière dédiée à la prise en charge des comorbidités des patients atteints de PR à travers 11 procédures de prévention. L'analyse économique était une analyse de type coût–avantage en recherche d'équivalence entre le coût de la consultation infirmière dédiée et le coût des actes de prévention. La consultation infirmière était jugée efficace si son coût était égal ou moindre aux coûts des actes de prévention supplémentaires réalisés qu'elle avait engendrés. Les coûts ont été calculés sur la base des tarifs conventionnés de l'Assurance Maladie. Compte tenu de l'hétérogénéité des coûts des actes de prévention et de la variation de leur fréquence de réalisation, la part contributive de chaque acte de prévention à l'efficacité du programme a été calculée. Résultats L'intervention de l'infirmière a contribué à la réalisation de 747 actes de prévention supplémentaires soit un coût de 30 805,8 euros. En se basant sur l'hypothèse de rentabilité, l'intervention d'une infirmière dédiée à la prévention des comorbidités chez les patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde est acceptable. Conclusions Une consultation de prise en charge des comorbidités de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde telle que préconisée dans les recommandations, réalisée par une infirmière, est pertinente du point de vue médical et économique en perspective hospitalière. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following work focuses on the development of Western legal proceedings initiated in a non-professional fashion in Athens and then professionalized in Rome, with a form of jurisdiction limited to the simple declaration of the law. Mainly as a result of canonical law, the Medieval period witnessed a formalization and bureaucratization of the courts, with the model adopted in a more general sense in Continental Europe. In opting for a unique system for the administration of justice known as common law, however, England distanced itself from the inquisitorial model of canonical law, using the adversarial model as a basis. Following the steps taken by the English metropole, the United States culturally and legally adopted common law and the jury, adapting the English system to the characteristics of its own nation. The development of this model in the US would come to be marked at the beginning of the twentieth century by the emergence of the movement of North American legal realism, as a deconstruction of classic legal thought, with its decline and resurgence in realist reconstructivism evidenced in the critical theory known as the Economic Analysis of Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pour assurer l'alimentation en eau potable des populations, les gestionnaires peuvent être amenés à choisir entre différentes stratégies de protection des ressources en eau. Cet article propose un éclairage sur les implications économiques des choix de protection des ressources en eau souterraine pour l'alimentation en eau potable à travers l'analyse de trois trajectoires d'évolution contrastées de territoires. A travers deux études de cas, il présente l'application de démarches d'évaluation économique mettant en évidence l'ensemble des coûts et des co-bénéfices environnementaux générés par la protection des eaux souterraines. Il met en évidence la nécessité de dépasser la comparaison des coûts des actions préventives et curatives, en considérant également les coûts de la reconquête de la qualité de l'eau ainsi que les co-bénéfices environnementaux associés à la protection des ressources sur le long terme.

An ammonia-water combined power and cooling system is proposed and investigated in this work, in which the waste heat contained in the jacket water and exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine can be recovered efficiently to generate power and cooling energy simultaneously. The proposed system was simulated, and its thermodynamic performance in the base case was calculated based on waste heat data from an actual gas engine with a rated power output of 300 kW. The equivalent heat-to-power efficiency of the combined system is 19.76%, and the total equivalent power output is as high as 92.86 kW. The exergy efficiency of the combined system reaches 33.69%. The effects of the turbine inlet pressure, generation pressure in the reboiler, exhaust gas temperature and cooling water temperature were studied to provide guidance for the system design. The results of an economic analysis indicate that the proposed system has good economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans le contexte du développement de la culture du soja dans le Sud-Ouest de la France et à partir d’un diagnostic des filières de production de graines et des débouchés possibles, la mise en place d’une unité de trituration est envisagée dans cette région selon trois scénarios de taille d’usine et de localisation (3000 tonnes par an (t/an) dans le bassin Tarn-Aveyron, 15 000 t/an dans le Gers et 30 000 t/an dans la vallée de la Garonne). Le procédé retenu (aplatissage-cuisson-pression) permet la production de tourteau de valeur alimentaire proche du tourteau de soja déshuilé importé. Un modèle de calcul de la marge nette de trituration a simulé le fonctionnement et les résultats économiques de ces usines de 2007 à 2014. Pour les scénarios 3000, 15 000 et 30 000 t/an, les résultats obtenus montrent que l’augmentation de la taille de l’usine réduit très fortement le coût de trituration (respectivement 119,6 €/t, 44,9 €/t et 33,6 €/t) et que les coûts de transport sont logiquement impactés par la densité des bassins de production et de consommation. Le surplus économique créé s’élève respectivement à –72, 10 et –2 €/t en moyenne pour la période 2007–2014 et s’améliore notablement pour les cinq derniers trimestres (–25, 57 et 45 €/t). Le fonctionnement de la filière a été simulé selon les points de vue des différents acteurs économiques (céréalier, organisme stockeur, éleveur) pour évaluer le bénéfice retiré. Des perspectives sont indiquées pour la réduction des coûts et pour l’amélioration de la valeur des produits créée.

Depuis 2009, la première Réserve d'Actifs Naturels de France a été créée1 sur le site de Cossure dans la plaine de Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône) par la filiale Biodiversité de la Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, sous l'égide du Ministère de l'Ecologie. Cette opération a un triple objectif: (i) réhabiliter des continuités écologiques avec la Réserve Naturelle des Coussouls de Crau qui lui est adjacente, (ii) soutenir la filière ovine locale et (iii) expérimenter le premier mécanisme d'offre de compensation français. Les premiers suivis écologiques montrent que la réhabilitation a bien permis la création d'une formation végétale herbacée favorable au retour de l'avifaune steppique mais les résultats sur le long terme ne peuvent encore être définitivement prédits. L'analyse économique de l'expérimentation révèle également des aléas dans l'organisation du dispositif notamment au niveau de sa pérennité et des règles qui l'encadrent. Le bilan de cette expérimentation souligne d'une part, les difficultés techniques à réhabiliter des écosystèmes et d'autre part, les limites de ce mécanisme de compensation. Bien qu'il offre des opportunités pour améliorer les actions de conservation des espaces naturels, il reste important d'en mesurer les possibilités à leur juste valeur afin que les compensations ne se substituent pas in fine aux actions de conservation de la biodiversité.

Les enrochements de berge de rivière constituent un pis-aller sur le plan environnemental et le génie végétal lui est préférable. Toutefois, lorsque les contraintes imposent d'avoir recours à des enrochements, il est préférable de les végétaliser pour des raisons paysagères, écologiques et parfois mécaniques. De même pour les enrochements existants, s'il n'est pas possible de les enlever ou de les remplacer par des techniques végétales, il est préférable de le végétaliser. Cet article rappelle brièvement les différentes techniques de végétalisation existantes. Puis il présente les résultats d'une expérimentation de revégétalisation d'enrochements existants menée sur les berges de la rivière Arve. Cinq techniques et leurs coûts ont été comparés. Parmi ces techniques, le simple recouvrement par de la terre associé à un ensemencement et bouturage est la technique la moins chère. L'effet bénéfique du géotextile ne ressort pas clairement de cette expérimentation, même si ce dernier est connu pour améliorer les conditions de milieu et retenir le sol les premières années, avant d'être remplacé par les végétaux. La technique de forage de plançons est très chère, mais permet des taux de reprise très élevés. Trois techniques originales de végétalisation d'enrochements réalisées sur la rivière Columbia au Canada sont également présentées.