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In Brazil, the peanut culture has been expanding mainly in the state of Sao Paulo, responsible for 80% of the national production. It is an edible culture produces oil of excellent quality, contains proteins rich in amino acids that make up to 36% of weight of the grain. Furthermore, it is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, the practice of inoculation is not very common in peanuts, being this species considered susceptible to nodularity with a large number of rhizobia. However, known’s that inoculation with selected strains can increase the efficiency of symbiosis and peanut yield. Thus, the present study was proposed to evaluate the development of peanut inoculated with rhizobia and grown in Cerrado’s Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, one cultivar (IAC 505) and four replicates. The treatments were composed of three strains of rhizobia and two controls, one absolute and the other with nitrogen fertilizer (50 mg⋅N⋅dm3). Each experimental plot has been consisted an 8 dm3 pot with three plants. The inoculation was done, applying 3 mL of bacterial broth (108 mL−1 cells) in the root system of each plant. The SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, dry mass of shoots and roots, number and weight of grains were analyzed. The response of Peanuts inoculated was significantly, as all inoculated plants showed similar development to nitrogen-fertilized, emphasizing the potential for supplying nitrogen in peanut development.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on phytometric characteristics of peanut plants grown in Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) with and without compaction. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme and 4 replicates, totaling 40 experimental units. Treatments were composed by commercial inoculant for peanuts (SEMIA 6144 strain); MT 15 strain; combination of MT 15 + A. brasilense; nitrogen control and absolute control. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches per plant, stem diameter and Falker chlorophyll index were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, to Tukey test at 1% probability level. For the variables plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter, the results were similar for all treatments, except for the absolute control and number of branches at 90 days after emergence (DAE) and stem diameter at 30 and 90 DAE. For stem diameter at 30 DAE, the results were similar to those found in the treatments with co-inoculation, commercial inoculant and nitrogen fertilization. There was interaction for Falker chlorophyll index at 60 DAE, with the best result found in the MT 15 strain. Inoculation with MT15 and co-inoculation with A. brasilense promoted good performance in peanut crop in terms of phytometric characteristics in soil with and without compaction. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação com rizóbio e da coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilense nas características fitométricas de plantas de amendoim cultivado em Latossolo Vermelho com e sem compactação. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x2, e 4 repetições, totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos foram compostos por inoculante comercial para amendoim (estirpe SEMIA 6144); estirpe MT 15; a combinação MT 15 + A. brasilense; testemunhas nitrogenada e absoluta. Foram avaliados altura de plantas, número de folhas, número de ramos por planta, diâmetro de caule e índice de clorofila Falker. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativos, ao Teste de Tukey a 1% de probabilidade. Em relação às variáveis altura de plantas, número de folhas e de ramos e diâmetro de caule os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes para todos os tratamentos, com exceção da testemunha absoluta e do número de ramos aos 90 dias após a emergência (DAE) e do diâmetro de caule aos 30 e 90 DAE. Para o diâmetro de caule aos 30 DAE houve resultados similares ao tratamento coinoculado, ao inoculante comercial e à adubação nitrogenada. Houve interação para o índice de clorofila Falker aos 60 DAE em que a estirpe MT 15 obteve o melhor resultado. A inoculação com a estirpe MT15 e a coinoculação com A. brasilense proporcionaram à cultura do amendoim bom desempenho em relação às características fitométricas em solo com e sem compactação. &nbsp

This study aimed to evaluate the production and mineral nutrition of Piatã grass as a function of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in Oxisol collected in the Cerrado. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, the experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3 of N) and five potassium doses (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 mg dm-3 of K2O), with four replicates. Three cuts of the shoots were performed every 30 days. Chlorophyll index, dry mass of shoots and roots, and nitrogen and potassium contents in the leaves were evaluated. The dry mass of shoots showed interaction between nitrogen and potassium in the three cuts; in the second and third cuts, it had maximum production at the nitrogen and potassium doses of 254 and 158 mg dm-3, in the second, and 250 and 306 mg dm-3 in the third, respectively. The nitrogen and potassium contents are influenced as a function of nitrogen and potassium fertilization isolated by factor. The nitrogen and potassium ratio in the Piatã grass crop was around 1:1. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a nutrição mineral do capim piatã em função da adubação nitrogenada e potássica em Latossolo Vermelho coletado no Cerrado. Realizou-se o experimento em casa de vegetação, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial de 5 x 5 sendo cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mg dm-3) e cinco doses de potássio (0, 90, 180, 270 e 360 mg dm-3), com quatro repetições. Realizaram-se três cortes da parte aérea a cada 30 dias. Foram avaliados o índice de clorofila, a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, a concentração de nitrogênio e de potássio, nas folhas. A massa seca da parte aérea apresentou interação entre o nitrogênio e o potássio nos três cortes sendo que no segundo e no terceiro apresentou máxima produção nas doses de nitrogênio e potássio, de 254 e 158 mg dm-3 no segundo e de 250 e 306 mg dm-3 no terceiro, respectivamente. As doses de nitrogênio e de potássio apresentaram interação significativa para a massa seca da parte aérea do capim piatã, nos três cortes. As concentrações de nitrogênio e potássio são influenciadas em função da adubação nitrogenada e potássica isolada por fator. A relação de nitrogênio e potássio no capim piatã é de 1:1.

Modern agriculture longs to increase grain yield without the necessity of opening new areas. In order to do that, techniques such as line spacing manipulation and plant density are being studied with the intention to obtain higher productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different soil management and sowing systems on the Asian rust severity and on the agronomic characteristics of the soybean. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 3x3 matrices, corresponding to three soil management systems and three types of soybean sowing, with four replications. This methodology achieved a total of 36 experimental plots shaped by 4 meters wide and 10 meters long, totalizing an area of 40 m2. The interaction between direct and densified sowing obtained less severity of Asian rust and showed a tendency to raise plant's height at flowering, maturation and insertion of the first pod and to increase plants' population and productivity.

Due to the search for viable and cost-effective ways to provide nitrogen for forage grasses, inoculation with diazotrophs presents high potential as an alternative to plant nutrition by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrition of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria grown in Cerrado soil (Brazilian Savanna). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design using five treatments (three strains of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria [MTH2, MTB1 and Y2], an inoculant formed by combination of strains AbV5 and AbV6 (Azospirillum brasilense) and a control (100 mg dm-3 of N-urea]) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The inoculation was performed by inserting a 5 mL aliquot of bacterial broth containing 109 cells mL-1 in the soil near the root system of each plant. Three cuts were made at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. The variables: Falker chlorophyll index, nitrogen concentration in shoots and roots and crude protein in shoots of marandu grass were evaluated. The highest values for Falker chlorophyll index, nitrogen concentration, and crude protein were observed in the three cuts in plants that received N fertilization. The MTH2 strain positively influenced the nitrogen concentration in shoots and roots, and crude protein in shoots in the first and second cuts of marandu grass, whereas in the third cut, these parameters were influenced by nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, the inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria may contribute positively to the nitrogen nutrition of marandu grass. Key words: Brachiaria brizantha, Cerrado, diazotrophic microorganisms.

Soil fertilization and the management of green manure are needed to maintain and increase the soil fertility of Cerrado. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of nutrients in the shoots and roots of pigeon pea that was fertilized with phosphorus sources that are associated with liming in Cerrado Oxisol. This study was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with twelve repetitions. The rock phosphate, triple superphosphate and control treatments were associated with the presence and absence of liming; the sources of phosphorus were evaluated. The chlorophyll index and the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the shoots and roots of pigeon pea that was grown for a period of 107 days were evaluated. In general, the chlorophyll index and nutrient concentration of pigeon pea did not differ when fertilized with phosphate rock and triple superphosphate. The fertilization with rock phosphate and triple superphosphate provides a greater nutrient absorption of pigeon pea in the presence of lime. Key words: Green manuring, Cajanus cajan, triple superphosphate, rock phosphate, chlorophyll index.

The practice of using green manure provides for the better utilization of chemical fertilizers and a lower cost of mineral fertilizers, and it promotes an increase in the soil’s biological activity. Green house experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different phosphorus sources and lime on pigeon pea growth and their effects as green manures on the dry matter production of green corn. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonopolis campus, from May 2011 to May 2012. Two sources of phosphorus (rock phosphate and triple superphosphate) were used with and without liming. The treatments were assigned in completele randomised design (CRD) with twelve replicates, the treatments (contro), rock phoshate and triple super phoshate with and without liming formed the bases of the experiment. The phosphorus was incorporated into the soil with 200 mg dm-3 of phosphorus (P2O5) based on the availability of phosphate in the sources, that is, triple superphosphate (44% P2O5) and rock phosphate Bayovar (29% P2O5) and the method of lifting the base saturation of 60%. The experiment was conducted in two phases: pigeon pea variety cv. BRS Mandarim was cultured in the first one, and the corn was variety cv. AG1051 grown in the soil under the residual effect of the first culture. Liming and rock phosphate provide a greater dry mass of pigeon pea leaves. In the presence of lime, triple superphosphate increased pigeon pea shoot and root dry weight. The cultivation of corn after pigeon pea fertilized with triple superphosphate and rock phosphate in the presence of lime, induced the dry matter production of corn. Key words: Greeno fertilization, Cajanus cajan, rock phosphate, Triple superphosphate, Cerrado Oxisol.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the cowpea cultivation. This study aimed to assess the foliar levels of chlorophyll and the yield components of cowpea subjected to combined inoculation of rhizobia in Cerrado soil. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, from December of 2014 to the march of 2015, in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, using randomized block design with ten treatments and three replicates. Were tested the single strains MT8 and MT15 (both of R. tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the strains combinations MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15+MT16, nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha-1 of N-urea), and absolute control (without inoculation of rhizobia and without nitrogen fertilization). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by orthogonal contrast and F test (p≤0.05). Were assessed the Falker chlorophyll index (at the 40 and 60 days after sowing), number and dry matter of nodules (at the 40 days after sowing), number of pods per plant, grains yield, the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in grains, and crude protein. The number of pods per plant was increased 33.6% in the combination MT8+MT15. The same effect was observed for the yield grain, which presented an increase of 8.7%, 13.8%, and 16.7% in the combinations MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in the grains increased 42.7% with the inoculation of MT15 strain. The cowpea responds positively to the usage of combinations of rhizobia strains.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the cowpea cultivation. This study aimed to assess the foliar levels of chlorophyll and the yield components of cowpea subjected to combined inoculation of rhizobia in Cerrado soil. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, from December of 2014 to the march of 2015, in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, using randomized block design with ten treatments and three replicates. Were tested the single strains MT8 and MT15 (both of R. tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the strains combinations MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15+MT16, nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha-1 of N-urea), and absolute control (without inoculation of rhizobia and without nitrogen fertilization). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by orthogonal contrast and F test (p≤0.05). Were assessed the Falker chlorophyll index (at the 40 and 60 days after sowing), number and dry matter of nodules (at the 40 days after sowing), number of pods per plant, grains yield, the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in grains, and crude protein. The number of pods per plant was increased 33.6% in the combination MT8+MT15. The same effect was observed for the yield grain, which presented an increase of 8.7%, 13.8%, and 16.7% in the combinations MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in the grains increased 42.7% with the inoculation of MT15 strain. The cowpea responds positively to the usage of combinations of rhizobia strains. RESUMO A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) desempenha um importante papel no cultivo do feijão-caupi. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os teores foliares de clorofila e os componentes de produção do feijão-caupi submetido à inoculação combinada de rizóbios em solo de Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, de dezembro de 2014 a março de 2015, em Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos e três repetições. Foram testadas as estirpes MT8 e MT15 (ambas de Rhizobium tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), as combinações das estirpes MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16 e MT8+MT15+MT16, adubação nitrogenada (70 kg ha-1 de N-ureia) e controle absoluto (sem inoculação de rizóbios e sem adubação nitrogenada). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas por contraste ortogonal e teste F (p≤0.05). Foram avaliados o índice de clorofila Falker (aos 40 e 60 dias após a semeadura), número e massa seca de nódulos (aos 40 dias após a semeadura), número de vagens por planta, rendimento de grãos, concentração e o acúmulo de nitrogênio nos grãos e a proteína bruta. O número de vagens por planta foi incrementado em 33,6% na combinação MT8+MT15. O mesmo efeito foi observado para o rendimento de grãos, que apresentou aumento de 8,7%, 13,8% e de 16,7% nas combinações MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16 e MT8+MT15, respectivamente. O acúmulo de nitrogênio nos grãos foi incrementado em 42,7% com a inoculação da estirpe MT15. O feijão-caupi responde positivamente à inoculação combinada de estirpes de rizóbio.

Cowpea culture is spreading in the Brazilian Cerrado Region and specifically in Mato Grosso State. To evaluate the productive characteristics of cowpea inoculated with rhizobia lineages and grown in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso State, we conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with seven treatments, which consisted of five rhizobia lineages. Four lineages were previously isolated from cowpea (MT08, MT15, MT16 and MT23); one was a recommended lineage for cowpea in Brazil (BR3267). Two controls were included: one was equivalent to 75 kg N ha-1 nitrogen and another was without nitrogen fertilization and without inoculation of rhizobia lineage. They were arranged in six blocks totaling 42 parts of 12.5 m² each. At 40 days after sowing (d.a.s.), six plants of ​​each part of floor area were collected to determine the variables plant height, dry mass of shoots and roots, total dry mass, number of nodules, dry mass of nodules, SPAD reading and relative efficiency of each lineage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using the statistical analysis program SISVAR. To compare the means, it was evaluated with Tukey test at 5% probability and contrast analysis. Regarding the lineage used, the most satisfactory result for plant height was BR3267 lineage; however, there were statistical differences between treatments with nitrogen fertilization. There were significant differences between dry weight of shoots, total dry weight and dry weight of nodules. The BR3267 lineage presented better results in the dry mass of roots and for relative efficiency. The most satisfactory results for SPAD readings and number of nodules were observed in MT15 lineage. The BR3267 and MT15 lineages tested and analyzed had high symbiotic effectiveness for inoculation in cowpea. Key words: Vigna unguiculata, rhizobium, nitrogen fixation.

The gladiolus is a cut flower used for interior decoration. It is a short cycle, easy driving crop with low implantation costs and fast payback. These factors allow for its cultivation in small areas in which commercial production of bulbs for domestic and foreign markets is also possible. Furthermore, it has high economic value because it is among the most important cut flowers grown in Brazil and is the third in product volume. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different water replacement levels in the soil (50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% of field capacity water volume) and nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mg dm −3 ) on crop growth and production in a greenhouse. The species studied was the Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., White Friendship variety. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme with four replications. The growth and yield of gladiolus were characterized by the following variables: number of leaves, total plant height, floral spike and stem length, number and diameter of flowers, floral dry mass stem and number of days to bolting and flowering. Using the statistical software Sisvar, data were subjected to an analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance using the F test and to polynomial regressions. For nitrogen fertilization, there was a significant response only to the variable of floral stem dry mass. For the water replacement levels, responses were significant for all of the variables analyzed. The management of water irrigation at replacement levels above 75% of field capacity allowed for the length of the floral stems to be classified for commercial purposes, and for the number of flowers, water replacement levels above 100% provided a better commercial classification.

Seed storage is one of the oldest techniques that, besides protecting against attacks of microorganisms and insects, has as main goal to preserve the product, with minimum losses, ensuring vigor and viability of the seeds. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorium L.) is a crop with great agricultural potential due to the high content of oil in its seed and can be a viable alternative in the production of biofuel. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of packaging and storage temperatures on the physical and physiological quality of safflower seeds. The experiment was conducted in the soil and plant production and bromatology laboratories of the Institute of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso Campus of Rondonópolis, in the period of July to September 2014. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and two packages (cotton and paper) with five replicates. The physical quality parameters (water content in the seed, mass of one thousand seeds, hectolitre weight) and physiological parameters (percent germination, Seed viability (Tetrazolium), accelerated aging and electric conductivity) of the seeds were evaluated. The physical quality of the safflower seed was not influenced by, the types of packaging and storage temperature. The physiological parameters of safflower seeds were significantly altered by the the type of containers and storage temperatures conditions. The paper packaging, at temperatures of 20 and 25 °C, provided greater conservation of the seed.

The programs of soybean breeding have sought to develop, over the years, more productive and more disease resistance cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean cultivars and lines for agronomic characteristics and severity of foliar diseases. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rondonia, in Moura-RO, the harvest 2007/2008 in dystrophic Typic. The experimental design was randomized blocks, evaluating 25 strains and five as control (Warranty, Chapadoes, Luziania, Msoy Msoy 8411 and 8914), with four replications. , Plant height at flowering and maturity, height of the first pod; lodging; leaf retention, productivity and number of days to flowering and maturity: the agronomic characteristics were evaluated. For diseases were evaluated septoria (Septoria glycines), the stain-eye frog (frogeye leaf spot) and target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), determining the severity. As for soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), the behavior of genotypes to aggressiveness is noted. As they have good agronomic characteristics and low severity as to foliar diseases, UFUS 3, UFUS 6, 7 UFUS, UFUS 11, UFUS 14, 16 and UFUS UFUS 17 lines appear as the most promising materials for cultivation in the region of Rolim Moura-RO.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características produtivas e nutricionais do capim- xaraés inoculado com bactérias diazotróficas associativas, em primeiro cultivo em Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, constituído por fatorial 6x3: três estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas associativas (MTAz8, MTH2 e Y2), uma combinação das estirpes MTAz8 e MTH2, adubação nitrogenada e testemunha absoluta, e três cortes (30, 60 e 90 dias), em cinco repetições. A inoculação foi feita por meio da inserção de uma alíquota de 5mL de caldo bacteriano contendo 108 células mL-1 no solo próximo ao sistema radicular. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca da parte aérea, porcentagem de proteína bruta, acúmulo e concentração de nitrogênio na parte aérea e determinação do número de bactérias diazotróficas do solo. No tratamento adubado com nitrogênio, a produção de massa seca aumentou ao longo dos cortes. Entre as estirpes de bactérias associativas, a Y2 apresentou maior acúmulo de nitrogênio e maior população de bactérias no meio de cultura LGI. As características nutricionais do capim-xaraés decaíram à medida que foram realizados os cortes. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate yield and nutritional characteristics of Xaraés grass inoculated with diazotrophic associative bacteria in the first cultivation in the Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial 6x3 consisting of: three strains of diazotrophic associative bacteria (MTAz8, MTH2 and Y2), a combination of strains MTAz8 and MTH2, nitrogen fertilization and absolute control, and three cuts (30, 60 and 90 days) in five replicates. The inoculation was performed by inserting an aliquot of 5ml of the bacterial broth containing 108 cells ml-1 in the soil near the root zone of each plant. The variables evaluated were: dry weight of shoot, crude protein, accumulation and nitrogen concentration in the shoot and determining the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. The fertilized soil dry matter production increased over the cuts. Among the strains Y2 showed higher accumulation of nitrogen and largest population of bacteria in the middle of the LGI culture. The nutritional characteristics of Xaraés grass declined as the cuts were made.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação quanto à resistência parcial causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow., em 68 genótipos de soja (Glycine max L. Merril). O experimento foi realizado em Uberlândia-MG, em casa de vegetação, durante o período de dezembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005 e constou de três épocas de avaliação. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características de resistência: Período Latente Médio (PLM), número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem. Com base nas variáveis, número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Após, realizou-se a análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem, aos doze dias após a inoculação. O mesmo foi encontrado para área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) para severidade. Com base no período latente médio discriminaram-se dois grupos de genótipos: parcialmente resistentes e suscetíveis. Presume-se que a Resistência Parcial (RP) à ferrugem asiática da soja deve ser avaliada em condições de média epidemia, que aconteceu na segunda época de avaliação para todos os caracteres avaliados. O agrupamento de genótipos, pela análise multivariada de componentes principais, permitiu a discriminação de genótipos parcialmente resistentes. Três genótipos (números 4, 41, e 42), referentes aos parentais Cristalina e IAC 100, apresentaram maior resistência parcial á ferrugem da soja. This study evaluated the reaction of 68 soybean genotypes for partial resistance to soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The experiment was done in Uberlândia, MG, under greenhouse conditions from December 2004 to February 2005, consisting of three evaluation times. The following resistance characteristics were evaluated: average latent period (PLM), average number of pustules per leaflet and rust severity. The area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was calculated based on the variables average number of leaflet pustules and severity. Analysis of variance and comparison of the averages by the Scott Knott test were done at 5% probability. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the average number of leaflet pustules and rust severity twelve days after inoculation. Differences were also found for area under the disease progress curve. It is assumed that partial resistance (RP) to soybean Asian rust should be evaluated under average epidemics conditions. This evaluation was done on the second time with all characters evaluated. Genotype grouping by principal components analysis allowed the discrimination of genotypes with partial resistance to the disease. Three genotypes (number 4, 41, and 42), referring to parents 'Cristalina' and 'IAC 100' showed high levels of partial resistance to soybean rust.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação quanto à resistência parcial causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow., em 68 genótipos de soja (Glycine max L. Merril). O experimento foi realizado em Uberlândia-MG, em casa de vegetação, durante o período de dezembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005 e constou de três épocas de avaliação. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características de resistência: Período Latente Médio (PLM), número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem. Com base nas variáveis, número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Após, realizou-se a análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem, aos doze dias após a inoculação. O mesmo foi encontrado para área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) para severidade. Com base no período latente médio discriminaram-se dois grupos de genótipos: parcialmente resistentes e suscetíveis. Presume-se que a Resistência Parcial (RP) à ferrugem asiática da soja deve ser avaliada em condições de média epidemia, que aconteceu na segunda época de avaliação para todos os caracteres avaliados. O agrupamento de genótipos, pela análise multivariada de componentes principais, permitiu a discriminação de genótipos parcialmente resistentes. Três genótipos (números 4, 41, e 42), referentes aos parentais Cristalina e IAC 100, apresentaram maior resistência parcial á ferrugem da soja.This study evaluated the reaction of 68 soybean genotypes for partial resistance to soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The experiment was done in Uberlândia, MG, under greenhouse conditions from December 2004 to February 2005, consisting of three evaluation times. The following resistance characteristics were evaluated: average latent period (PLM), average number of pustules per leaflet and rust severity. The area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was calculated based on the variables average number of leaflet pustules and severity. Analysis of variance and comparison of the averages by the Scott Knott test were done at 5% probability. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the average number of leaflet pustules and rust severity twelve days after inoculation. Differences were also found for area under the disease progress curve. It is assumed that partial resistance (RP) to soybean Asian rust should be evaluated under average epidemics conditions. This evaluation was done on the second time with all characters evaluated. Genotype grouping by principal components analysis allowed the discrimination of genotypes with partial resistance to the disease. Three genotypes (number 4, 41, and 42), referring to parents 'Cristalina' and 'IAC 100' showed high levels of partial resistance to soybean rust.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência parcial de genótipos de soja ao fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Calcularam-se o número médio de pústulas, a severidade e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos quanto ao número médio de pústulas e severidade, aos 12 dias após a inoculação. A análise de agrupamento permitiu a discriminação de genótipos parcialmente resistentes. Os genótipos G4, G41 e G42, referentes aos parentais Cristalina e IAC 100, foram detectados como os de maior resistência parcial à ferrugem da soja. The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial resistance of soybean genotypes against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Resistance characteristics were: average number of pustules, rust severity and the area under the disease progress curve. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the average number of pustules and rust severity. Multivariate analysis allowed the discrimination of partially resistant genotypes. Three genotypes (G4, G41, and G42), referring to parents Cristalina and IAC 100, presented greater partial resistance to soybean rust.

A rúcula (Euruca sativa) é uma hortaliça relevante na alimentação humana sendo uma das mais nutritivas, ricas em minerais como potássio, enxofre e ferro, além das vitaminas A e C. Desde o final da década de 90 a rúcula vem conquistando mercado com um aumento na quantidade comercializada e na sua área de plantio. Objetivou-se pelo presente estudo avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio nas características produtivas, leitura SPAD e eficiência no uso da água por plantas de rúcula. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no período de maio a junho de 2011. A parcela experimental consistiu de vaso construído por garrafa PET de 2,5 litros, com capacidade para 1 dm-3 de solo, utilizando-se pavio de lã para irrigação por capilaridade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado cujos tratamentos consistiram de seis doses de K2O: 0; 50; 100; 150; 200 e 250 mg dm-3 utilizando-se como fonte o KCl e seis repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram leitura SPAD, número de folhas, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e eficiência no uso da água. A adubação com potássio aumenta a leitura SPAD e a eficiência no uso de água por plantas de rúcula nas doses de potássio de 156,4 e 200 mg dm-3, respectivamente. As variáveis massas fresca e seca de plantas são influenciadas pela adubação potássica com ajuste a modelo linear de regressão. As variáveis número de folhas e massa seca de raiz não são influenciadas pela adubação potássica.

A fim de ampliar as opções ao cultivo da soja, a Universidade Federal de Uberlândia lançou a cultivar UFUS-Imperial, proveniente do cruzamento entre (Msoy 8411xMsoy 8914) x (Emgopa 313xTucano). A cultivar apresentou resistência ao acamamento, à deiscência da vagem e aos patógenos: Fusarium solani, Cercospora sojina, Peronospora manshurica, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines e Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis, e resistência parcial a Septoria glycines, Erysiphe diffusa e Phakopsora pachyrhizi. O rendimento dessa cultivar, em ensaios regionais, foi 45% superior ao da testemunha Msoy 6101, e é indicada para o Estado de Mato Grosso. With the purpose of offering new options for soybean production, the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia released the cultivar UFUS-Imperial, originated from the crosses between (Msoy 8411xMsoy 8914) x (Emgopa 313xTucano). It showed resistance to lodging, to pod shattering, and to the pathogens Fusarium solani, Cercospora sojina, Peronospora manshurica, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines and Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis, and partial resistance to Septoria glycines, Erysiphe diffusa, and Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Its average yield from uniform trials was 45% higher than that of the control Msoy 6101, and it is indicated for cultivation in the State of Mato Grosso.

The cultivation of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) has grown in Brazil, especially in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, where it is produced in off-season. The association of cowpea plants with rhizobia has provided much of the nitrogen required by this culture. This study aimed at evaluating the development of cowpea inoculated with rhizobia recommended for pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan ). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus Rondonopolis-MT under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed by commercial inoculant recommended for pigeonpea (composed by the combination of strains BR2003 and BR2801), nitrogen (without inoculation and application of 50 mg N dm -3 ) and a control (without inoculation and nitrogen fertilization). Plants height, SPAD index, number of pods, number of grain, number of nodules, length of pods, dry weight of nodules, dry grain, dry weight of shoot and relative efficiency of the strains were analyzed. Cowpea show significant response for inoculation in all variables, with increase in production equal or superior to the treatment with nitrogen fertilizer. These results indicate the inoculant recommended for pigeonpea has potential use for cowpea under the tested conditions.

As operacoes de manejo do solo estao entre as tecnicas que frequentemente melhoram as producoes das culturas. O crambe ( Crambe abyssinica Hochst) surge como planta com grande potencial para a producao de materia prima para biodiesel, alem de ser opcao de safrinha apos soja ou milho. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influencia dos manejos do solo sobre o desenvolvimento da cultura do crambe, alem de aumentar o numero de alternativas de materias-primas disponiveis para producao de biodiesel na regiao de estudo. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitario de Rondonopolis no periodo de 15/02 a 08/05/2011. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com tres tratamentos e seis repeticoes, sendo Preparo Convencional (PC), Cultivo Minimo (CM) e Semeadura Direta (SD). Foram avaliados diversos parâmetros do solo e da cultura, entre eles, porcentagem de cobertura do solo, estande de plantas por hectare, numero de graos por plantas e produtividade de graos. Os sistemas de manejo do solo influenciam na produtividade de graos. A cultura do crambe representa mais uma alternativa para producao de biodiesel na regiao de Rondonopolis.

A busca de alta produtividade na cultura da soja, sem onerar os custos de produção, é o objetivo do melhoramento genético. A cultivar UFUS Impacta é um genótipo de soja proveniente do cruzamento entre Cristalina RCH e IAC 100, de ciclo semi-tardio, com produtividade média superior às testemunhas Garantia e Emgopa 313 RCH. É resistente às principais moléstias da soja e indicada para cultivo no Estado de Minas Gerais.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization on the yield characteristics of Gladiolus, species Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., variety White friendship. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the period from July to September 2011 in the Institute of Agrarian Science and Technology of Federal University of Rondonópolis, MT. The experimental plots were consisted of vessels of 13 dm-3 containing two bulbs in completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of six nitrogen rates of 0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125 mg dm-3 and four repetition using urea as source. It was evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, flower stem length and number of flowers of gladiolus. After carrying out the statistical analysis it was concluded that the nitrogen did not affect the productive evaluated characters of gladiolus. KEY-WORDS: Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., nitrogen, plant nutrition., RESUMO: Objetivou-se pelo presente estudo avaliar a adubação nitrogenada nas características produtivas do gladíolo, espécie Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., variedade White friendship. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no período de julho a setembro de 2011, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, da Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis-MT. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas por vaso de 13 dm-3 contendo dois bulbos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis doses de nitrogênio de 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125 mg dm-³, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se como fonte a uréia. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, tamanho da haste floral e número de flores do gladíolo. Após realização das análises estatísticas concluiu-se que as doses de nitrogênio não influenciaram os caracteres produtivos avaliados do gladíolo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., nitrogênio, nutrição de plantas.

Este estudo privilegiou a neologia relacionada aos termos encontrados em discursos especializados sobre a cultura da soja no Brasil, tomando-se, como objetivo geral, a descrição, organização e sistematização dos termos neológicos desta área de especialidade, considerados em uma sincronia estabelecida entre os anos de 2004 e 2011, com base em corpus documental. Foram observadas teorias linguísticas capazes de dar conta dos fenômenos que permeiam a análise, sobretudo relativas à morfologia e à semântica, às quais se somaram os estudos da Terminologia e da Neologia, indispensáveis à compreensão, uma do campo de conhecimento terminológico e outra, principalmente acerca dos processos de formação de neologismos na língua. A Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia é a perspectiva teórica que norteou este trabalho, considerando o intuito de descrever o funcionamento in vivo dos termos neológicos. Os estudos teóricos se pautaram em diversos autores, consoante suas disciplinas de estudo: 1) Terminologia: Wüster (1996, 1998), Cabré (1993, 1999, 2006), Sager (1990), Fedor de Diego (1995), Alves (1998, 1999), Aubert (2001), Krieger (2000, 2001), Biderman (2001), Barros (2004), Remenche (2010); 2) Neologia: Guilbert (1972, 1975), Boulanger (1990), Alves (1994, 1999, 2000, 2010a, 2010b), Cabré (1993), Barbosa (1981, 1998); análise linguística: Kocourek (1982), Sandmann (1989), Alves (1994), Biderman (1999), Neves (2000), Sardinha (2007), Lakoff e Johnson (2002), Ullmann (1964), dicionários Houaiss eletrônico (2009) e Aulete on-line. Para a compreensão do domínio de especialidade da cultura da soja, foram consultados diversos autores: Borém (1999), Degrande e Vivan (2005), Nemoto (2005), Franchin (2011), Garcia et al. (2007), Gazziero et al. (2006), Gonçalves et al. (2007), Polizel (2007) Lima (2008), Gazziero, Voll e Adegas (2011), Hirakuri (2012), Martha Jr. e Contini (2012), dentre outros. Confirmaram-se as hipóteses estabelecidas para a consecução deste estudo: os constantes investimentos em tecnologias para a produção da soja pressupõem que sejam criados neologismos para nomear as inovações; as terminologias dos diferentes domínios e, consequentemente, os seus neologismos, possuem padrões morfolexicais peculiares; se toda área do saber apresenta singularidades próprias, então a da cultura da soja apresenta as suas. Foram adotados procedimentos metodológicos como a utilização do programa WordSmith Tools, para o processamento de cinquenta e sete textos, publicados pela Embrapa Soja, dos quais se extraiu o conjunto dos termos, que foram lançados em fichas. A partir deste conjunto, com base em corpora de exclusão, foi obtido o corpus de análise, constituído por cento e dois termos neológicos. O trabalho de levantamento dos termos revelou que os textos do corpus documental contemplam termos que podem ser alusivos a outras culturas do setor agrícola e a outras áreas do saber. Os termos neológicos levantados, todos constituídos por composição sintagmática, foram organizados em categorias temáticas, observando-se que são diversificados os mecanismos possíveis de formação dos termos, que podem conter, a partir de uma base substantival, elementos como símbolos, siglas, números, zoônimos, antropônimos, topônimos, nome de produto agropecuário, adjetivos qualificadores ou classificadores, substantivos em função adjetiva, locuções adjetivas (sintagmas preposicionais), e serem marcados por metáforas. Isto implica observar as inúmeras possibilidades de ampliação do sistema lexical, em especial das terminologias. This study focused on neology related to the terms found in specialized discourses on soybean cultivation in Brazil, taking as a general purpose description, organization and systematization of neological terms of this specialty area, considered on a synchronization established between the years of 2004 and 2011, based on documentary corpus. Linguistic theories were considered able to handle the phenomena that underlie the analysis, especially concerning the morphology and semantics, to which were added the study of Terminology and Neology, indispensable to understanding, a terminological knowledge field, and other, mainly about processes of neologisms formation in the language. The Communicative Theory of Terminology is the theoretical perspective that guided this work, considering the intention of describing the in vivo function of neological terms. The theoretical studies were based on several authors, as their fields of study: 1) Terminology: Wüster (1996, 1998), Cabré (1993, 1999, 2006), Sager (1990), Fedor de Diego (1995), Alves (1998, 1999), Aubert (2001), Krieger (2000, 2001) , Biderman (2001), Barros (2004) Remenche (2010); 2) Neology: Guilbert (1972, 1975), Boulanger (1990), Alves (1994, 1999, 2000, 2010a, 2010b) Cabré (1993), Barbosa (1981, 1998); linguistic analysis: Kocourek (1982), Sandmann (1989), Alves (1994), Biderman (1999), Neves (2000), Sardinha (2007), Lakoff and Johnson (2002), Ullmann (1964), electronic Houaiss dictionaries (2009 ) and Aulete online. For the understanding of the soybean specialty area, several authors were consulted: Borém (1999), Degrande and Vivan (2005), Nemoto (2005), Franchin (2011), Garcia et al. (2007), Gazziero et al. (2006), Gonçalves et al. (2007), Polizel (2007) Lima (2008), Gazziero, Voll and Adegas (2011), Hirakuri (2012), Martha Jr. and Contini (2012), among others. The hypotheses set out to achieve this study were confirmed: the constant investment in technologies for soybean production assumes that neologisms are created to name the innovations; the terminology of the various areas and, consequently, its neologisms, have peculiar morfolexical standards; if every field of knowledge has its own peculiarities, so the soybean presents its. Methodological procedures were adopted as the use of the program WordSmith Tools for the processing of fifty-seven texts, published by Embrapa Soja, of which were extracted all the terms, which were launched in forms. From this set, based on delete corpora, analysis corpus was obtained, consisting of one hundred and two neological terms. The survey of the terms revealed that the texts of the documentary corpus include terms that may be alluding to other cultures of the agricultural sector and other areas of knowledge. The neological terms obtained, all made of syntagmatic composition, were organized into thematic categories, observing that the possible mechanisms of formation of the terms are diversified, which may contain, from a substantival basis, elements as symbols, abbreviations, numbers, zoonyms, anthroponyms, toponyms, names of agricultural product, qualifying or classifying adjectives, nouns in adjectival function, adjectival phrases (prepositional phrases), and be marked by metaphors. This involves observing the numerous possibilities of expanding the lexical system, especially terminology.