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Open Science in transport research sector is a challenging activity since it covers a wide range of aspects, from evaluation of research, open access to research results, and relevant data infrastructures, all aiming at making science more efficient, better reproducible and more responsive to societal and economic expectations. This paper aims to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing Open Science in transport in terms of validity or not. The main objective is to determine proper criteria and measures that will be used to evaluate the performance of Open Science in transport research. Their monitoring and analysis will enable knowledge and understanding of Open Science in transport research by providing guidance for defining effective KPIs at both operational and strategic level.

Routing of vehicles is an important procedure, whereby there is the necessity to reach a destination in a timely manner. As such, networking of vehicles is undertaken using wireless and telecommunication capabilities, in order to promote such a service. In this paper, we present two subsystems, namely a vehicle and a traffic light subsystem aiming to interconnect them, in order to provide a routing service in a distributed manner. We show the deployment of the traffic light and vehicle subsystem in a real world application and we provide results on the capturing and counting of vehicles, the acquisition of the GPS signal of the vehicles as well as their speed. The aforementioned metrics reach a dedicated server. Finally, we employ an electric vehicle, which we use to visit a set of customers and we utilise an off-the-shelf GPS logger to obtain metrics such as speed and location. The aim is to show its applicability, when we are going to employ it with our built subsystem, for future work.

This deliverable describes the design and implementation of the TOPOS forum and observatory. More analytically, it describes the methodology selected for each particular tool together with the technologies that have been used for the implementation of these tools. D3.2 is organized in 8 chapters. The first one is an introductory chapter presenting the aim and objectives of the current deliverable, the second describes the interconnection between Task 3.1 and Task 3.2. Chapter 3 deals with the TOPOS Gateway while Chapters 4 and 5 present the actual tools that have been developed (Observatory and Forum). Deliverable’s conclusions are hosted in the last chapter., {"references":["Spanidis Pavlos, Giannakari Olga, Garcia Clara, Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Bardi Alessia, Dimitropoulos Harry, Foufoulas Yannis, & Baglioni Miriam. (2021). D3.2 TOPOS development. Zenodo."]}

This deliverable’s objectives are to: i) identify available open big data in the transport research sector, and ii) provide recommendations for making them FAIR, in order to feed the TOPOS Observatory and Forum development in WP3. TOPOS aims to promote communication and networking among stakeholders in the transport research area. This report confirms the remarks of the HLEG report and the NOESIS project regarding the low uptake of FAIR and Open principles by the transport research community, especially when big datasets are involved. Transport research is inherently cross-disciplinary and so provides an ideal context in which to apply principles such as FAIR but unfortunately, most of the data that transport researchers collect is used once and then stored away in locations that are inaccessible to other researchers., {"references":["Zaritas Vasileios, Angelopoulos Nikolaos. (2020). D4.3: D4.2 Transport Open Data: Properties and Specifications for Open Science. Zenodo."]}

This deliverable identifies the challenges, opportunities and barriers of Open Science in transport research. The research employs a two-step methodology, consisting of (i) a targeted review of literature findings on a total of 134 publications and (ii) a Delphi survey on the challenges, opportunities and barriers of Open Science in the transport sector based on the results of literature review. The survey was held in two rounds: in the first round, a questionnaire of 30 questions was disseminated to the selected experts. The responses of the first round were collected and analyzed. In the second round of the Delphi survey, the experts were asked to provide their final responses, by either confirming or adjusting their responses given in the first. The deliverable categorizes the challenges of Open Science in transport research in the areas of: resources and organizational issues, skills, capacities and capabilities, data-related issues, technical issues, data ownership, legal and ethical issues and data security. On the other hand, the deliverable includes among the opportunities of Open Science in the transport research the advance of science in the transport field, while further co-operations with other institutions from other countries or disciplines as well as with transport companies are also among the main benefits for the research institutions., {"references":["Yannis George, Folla Katerina, Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Kourousia Charis, & Tromaras Alkiviadis. (2020). D5.1: Main challenges and opportunities, constraints and bottlenecks of Open Science in transport research. Zenodo"]}

This deliverable aims to position the transport research domain in relation to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), related to the technical and social developments, as well as the relation to the governance as this emerges in the EOSC Partnership and EOSC Association. As EOSC is setting up its structures and prioritizes the areas of action, the transport research community recognizes the value of the emerging developments in EOSC and has identified gaps and interventions along the following six action lines which are required to fulfil the TRC vision: Architecture, Data, Services, Access & Interface, Rules and Governance., {"references":["Manola Natalia, Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Dimitropoulos Harry, & Bardi Alessia. (2020). D2.3: Transport Research in the European Open Science Cloud. Zenodo."]}

The BE OPEN “European forum and oBsErvatory for OPEN science in transport” project aims to create a common understanding on the practical impact of Open Science and to identify and put in place the mechanisms to make it a reality in transport research. Achieving Open Access to publications, making their underlying data FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and open where possible, and using open and collaborative processes and infrastructure via the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) will be key factors in making transportation researchers share-reuse-reproduce science and in bringing such a critical sector closer to the society for enabling open innovation and citizen science. Openness, transparency, fairness, reproducibility of science are key aspects around which BE OPEN will seek to establish the ground rules for the transport research communities, ultimately establishing a community of transport research organizations willing to work on the basis of a commonly agreed “Open Science Code of Conduct”. To this end, BE OPEN has brought on board key transport and open science related communities in a two-fold action plan: to engage them in a participatory approach fostering a dialogue on Open Science (what exists, what should be done, how it should be done) among relevant stakeholders in Europe and around the world, and develop a detailed roadmap for the implementation of sustainable open science modules which include key practices, infrastructures, policies and business models, all taking into account the specificities of the transport research domain, and the use and integration of existing- infrastructures and the emerging EOSC initiative., {"references":["Almeras Caroline, Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Boile Maria, Pereira Ana. (2020). BE OPEN \"European forum and oBsErvatory for OPEN science in transport\". Zenodo."]}

This deliverable carries out a systematic review of current scientific production for all transport modes (road, rail, air, water, cross-modal) by assessing the activity of Technology Platforms and main influential research organizations which participate in the BE OPEN project regarding Open Science. The conducted work took into account different positioning based on the attributes and/or roles (i.e. public/private, operators, industries etc.) as well as the outcomes of the review activities, by describing and classifying all relevant use cases affecting current and future research trends and related industrial developments in the transport arena. Gaps and recommendations have then been identified and proposed for the next steps of the Project, {"references":["Pistilli Gabriele, Cartolano Fabio, Mendoza Lucile, Palts Kristel, Ergas Ioannis, Angelopoulos Nikos & Anagnostopoulou Afroditi. (2020) D1.3 Use case catalogue for future research. Zenodo."]}

This deliverable studies the variety of Open Science activities done in different countries to find the main barriers and suggest best practice methods for EOSC and the transport research community working with open science. The activities were accomplished through interviews and desk research. Interviews with different stakeholders (government, funders, data owners) and document studies where done in Norway, Belgium and Greece, and also interviews with some of the main transport research organisations in Europe were included to get their perspective on Open Science as well., {"references":["Nielsen Anja Fleten, Kokkvoll Tveit Andreas, Lindberg Gunnar, Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Tromaras Alkiviadis, Tozzi Michele & Angelopoulos Nikolaos. (2020). D2.4 Governance and operational models. Zenodo."]}

Latest technological developments have endorsed the creation of new collaborative tools and enabling transport research community information sharing. Following these technological directives, European Commission is continuously developing appropriate initiatives that aim at making science more efficient and reproducible to societal and economical expectations. This paper conducts an analysis and evaluation of exploited Open Science initiatives and open access platforms in Europe. The proposed analysis presents clusters of possible use areas with respect to different challenges that key actors in transport research may face. The focus is given on the evaluation of different combined factors which could be used as a qualitative measurement for existing Open Science tools. Subsequently, relevant stakeholders could acknowledge the existence of Open Science initiatives and the way to use them efficiently in order to enhance a collaborative, innovative and transparent research environment., {"references":["Anagnostopoulou Afroditi, Akac Attila & Boile Maria. (2020). Evaluation of current European open science initiatives in transport research. Zenodo."]}

The transport sector represents a vital component of national economies and has significant impacts on productivity and social welfare. In 2012, the transport sector in Europe was estimated to account for 3.7% of the European Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 5.1% for employment. Road transport proves to be the predominant mode for moving goods within Europe holding a share of approximately 45.8% in 2012 (in ton-kms). In Greece, the share of road freight transport is significantly higher (98%) indicating the importance of this sector for the Greek economy. To this end and considering the existing needs of road freight transport operators in Greece, the objective of this research is to establish an analytical and documented basis for estimating the operating cost of a truck on specific urban or national freight transport routes. To achieve this goal, an extended literature review has been conducted resulting in the identification of the main components comprising the total truck operating cost, which were then updated and validated through a series of personal interviews with selected road freight transport professionals. An excel-based application tool was also developed in order to facilitate operating cost estimates for different cases, through selection of the proper values of the relevant parameters. The resulting tool was used to analyse four test cases, which demonstrate the tool’s usability and applicability. Results from this analysis have been also validated by industry experts and they reflect real-world transport scenarios.