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Background. Acceleration ability and anaerobic power are critical determinants of sprinting performance, particularly for novice sprinters. Objectives. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a four-week interval training program on acceleration ability and anaerobic power among novice sprinters. Materials and methods. A within-subjects quasi-experimental design was used to fulfil the study’s objectives. A total of fifteen participants (age: 20.5 ± 1.4 years) underwent baseline assessments of acceleration ability (50 m dash) and anaerobic power (Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test). The adopted progressive interval training protocol consisted of four weekly sessions conducted over a four-week period, focusing on striding, high knees, single-leg hops, curve sprints and double-leg jumps to enhance acceleration ability and anaerobic power. Results. Following the intervention, significant improvements were observed in acceleration ability over a distance of 10 m (pre: 2.14 ± 0.16 s, post: 2.02 ± 0.14 s, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.02) and 20 m segments (pre: 3.47 ± 0.23 s, post: 3.32 ± 0.20 s, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.78), indicating moderate to large effect sizes. However, no considerable enhancements were found in anaerobic power parameters (average power, maximum power, minimum power, fatigue index, relative peak power, and anaerobic capacity) at the post-intervention stage (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The study highlights the effectiveness of the interval training protocol in enhancing initial acceleration among novice sprinters, although it suggests a limited impact on anaerobic power within the study period. Further research should investigate the longer-term effects and tailored training approaches to optimize comprehensive sprint performance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-week upper body plyometric training (UBPT) on maximal strength and anaerobic power performance of male and female subjects. Forty collegiate physically active male and female subjects participated in the study and were assigned to either UBPT group (M-UBPT, n = 10, F-UBPT, n = 10) or control group (M-CON, n = 10; F-CON, n = 10). The training groups performed 6 weeks of progressive overload UBPT three times per week using six exercises and were evaluated for upper-body anaerobic power and maximal strength, 3-kg medicine ball throw (MBT), push-up endurance, and reaction time at pre- and post-intervention. After the training intervention, the M-CON and F-CON groups did not show significant (p > 0.05) changes in the variables, while both the M-UBPT and F-UBPT groups demonstrated significant (p = 0.001) medium to very large improvements in their performance as follows: maximal strength (effect size [ES] = 0.55, 0.92), MBT (ES = 1.96, 0.89) peak power output (ES = 2.31, 1.52), mean power output (ES = 2.19, 1.11), push-up endurance (ES = 1.26, 0.70), and reaction time (ES = − 2.16, − 1.56), respectively. Nevertheless, the male group experienced more significant improvements in the MBT (p = 0.001), peak (p = 0.001) and mean power output (p = 0.01), as well as reaction time (p = 0.01) compared to the female group when utilizing UBPT. In conclusion, it is imperative to take sex into account as a crucial factor when incorporating UBPT, particularly if the objective is to enhance anaerobic power output, muscular power, and reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects a significant proportion of women, impacting their daily lives and well-being. The association between physical activity levels, the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and the severity of PMS remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to identify physical activity levels among a cohort of Egyptian females with PMS. Material and Methods This study included one hundred females with PMS. Physical activity levels, anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, BMI, and dysmenorrhea were investigated. PMS severity was assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the females' physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The 1-mile submaximal test and the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) were used to assess aerobic capacity and anaerobic power, respectively. Results The findings revealed a significant association between PMS severity and physical activity (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in aerobic capacity among those with mild, moderate, and severe PMS (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between PMS severity and marital status (p > 0.05), whereas there was a significant association with dysmenorrhea (p < 0.05), especially among moderate and severe PMS sufferers. Females with severe PMS had a significantly higher BMI than those with mild PMS (p < 0.05) and those with moderate PMS (p < 0.05). Mild and moderate PMS females showed no significant difference in BMI (p > 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that physical activity levels and BMI may affect PMS. Therefore, being physically active and maintaining a normal-range BMI might reduce PMS severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Numerous studies have investigated the impact of resistance training (RT) and plyometric training (PT) set configurations (cluster sets [CS] and traditional sets [TS]) on lower body performance adaptations. However, the effects of these training modalities on upper body physical performance, particularly among Table Tennis (TT) players, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of an 8-week RT and PT using CS and TS configurations on the physical performance attributes of male TT players. Forty young male players were recruited from a local academy and after determining their dominant hand, divided into CS-PT, TS-PT, CS-RT, TS-RT, and active control (CON) groups, each of eight. Pre- and post-interventions, the upper body muscular power (medicine ball throw), maximal strength (bench press), reaction time, and arm crank anaerobic power test were measured. Following the intervention, the CON group exhibited no changes; however, the CS-PT, TS-PT, CS-RT, and TS-RT groups displayed significant (p = 0.001) improvements in muscular power (effect size [ES] = 1.21 [large], 1.02 [medium], 0.81 [medium], 0.64 [medium]), strength (ES = 0.40 [small], 0.43 [small], 0.62 [medium], 0.63 [medium]), reaction time (ES = − 0.71 [medium], − 0.68 [medium], − 0.83 [medium], − 0.61 [medium]), peak power (ES = 1.83 [large], 1.66 [large], 0.90 [medium], 0.67 [medium]), and mean power (ES = 0.89 [medium], 0.89 [medium], 0.57 [small], 0.59 [small]), respectively. The PT groups indicated significantly greater changes than the RT groups in both muscular (CS, p = 0.021; TS, p = 0.018) and anaerobic power (peak power: CS, p = 0.017; TS, p = 0.011; mean power: CS, p = 0.024; TS, p = 0.042) performance, while the RT groups showed greater adaptive responses than the PT groups in maximal strength (CS, p = 0.033; TS, p = 0.048). In conclusion, PT is recommended for enhancing power performance, while RT is preferred for increasing strength. When various set configurations were incorporated, no further effects were noted.

Background and Study Aim. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects a significant proportion of women, impacting their daily lives and well-being. The association between physical activity levels, the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and the severity of PMS remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to identify physical activity levels among a cohort of Egyptian females with PMS. Material and Methods. This study included one hundred females with PMS. Physical activity levels, anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, BMI, and dysmenorrhea were investigated. PMS severity was assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the females' physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The 1-mile submaximal test and the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) were used to assess aerobic capacity and anaerobic power, respectively. Results. The findings revealed a significant association between PMS severity and physical activity (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in aerobic capacity among those with mild, moderate, and severe PMS (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between PMS severity and marital status (p > 0.05), whereas there was a significant association with dysmenorrhea (p < 0.05), especially among moderate and severe PMS sufferers. Females with severe PMS had a significantly higher BMI than those with mild PMS (p < 0.05) and those with moderate PMS (p < 0.05). Mild and moderate PMS females showed no significant difference in BMI (p > 0.05). Conclusions. It can be concluded that physical activity levels and BMI may affect PMS. Therefore, being physically active and maintaining a normal-range BMI might reduce PMS severity.

Background. Acceleration ability and anaerobic power are critical determinants of sprinting performance, particularly for novice sprinters. Objectives. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a four-week interval training program on acceleration ability and anaerobic power among novice sprinters. Materials and methods. A within-subjects quasi-experimental design was used to fulfil the study’s objectives. A total of fifteen participants (age: 20.5 ± 1.4 years) underwent baseline assessments of acceleration ability (50 m dash) and anaerobic power (Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test). The adopted progressive interval training protocol consisted of four weekly sessions conducted over a four-week period, focusing on striding, high knees, single-leg hops, curve sprints and double-leg jumps to enhance acceleration ability and anaerobic power. Results. Following the intervention, significant improvements were observed in acceleration ability over a distance of 10 m (pre: 2.14 ± 0.16 s, post: 2.02 ± 0.14 s, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.02) and 20 m segments (pre: 3.47 ± 0.23 s, post: 3.32 ± 0.20 s, p 0.05). Conclusions. The study highlights the effectiveness of the interval training protocol in enhancing initial acceleration among novice sprinters, although it suggests a limited impact on anaerobic power within the study period. Further research should investigate the longer-term effects and tailored training approaches to optimize comprehensive sprint performance strategies.

Abstract This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-week upper body plyometric training (UBPT) on maximal strength and anaerobic power performance of male and female subjects. Forty collegiate physically active male and female subjects participated in the study and were assigned to either UBPT group (M-UBPT, n = 10, F-UBPT, n = 10) or control group (M-CON, n = 10; F-CON, n = 10). The training groups performed 6 weeks of progressive overload UBPT three times per week using six exercises and were evaluated for upper-body anaerobic power and maximal strength, 3-kg medicine ball throw (MBT), push-up endurance, and reaction time at pre- and post-intervention. After the training intervention, the M-CON and F-CON groups did not show significant (p > 0.05) changes in the variables, while both the M-UBPT and F-UBPT groups demonstrated significant (p = 0.001) medium to very large improvements in their performance as follows: maximal strength (effect size [ES] = 0.55, 0.92), MBT (ES = 1.96, 0.89) peak power output (ES = 2.31, 1.52), mean power output (ES = 2.19, 1.11), push-up endurance (ES = 1.26, 0.70), and reaction time (ES = − 2.16, − 1.56), respectively. Nevertheless, the male group experienced more significant improvements in the MBT (p = 0.001), peak (p = 0.001) and mean power output (p = 0.01), as well as reaction time (p = 0.01) compared to the female group when utilizing UBPT. In conclusion, it is imperative to take sex into account as a crucial factor when incorporating UBPT, particularly if the objective is to enhance anaerobic power output, muscular power, and reaction time.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of ingesting different dosages of caffeine (CAF) prior to plyometric jump training (PJT) on sport-related performance and physiological parameters in male basketball players. Twenty-four young athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups and performed 6 weeks of PJT while consuming 3 mg·kg–1 of body mass caffeine (CAF3, n = 8), 6 mg·kg–1 body mass caffeine (CAF6, n = 8) or placebo (PL; n = 8) one hour prior to each training session. Before and after the 6-week PJT, the players were evaluated for field-based basketball-specific performance measures (vertical jump, 20-m sprint, Illinois change of direction speed [CODS], and maximal strength) and lab-based physiological (aerobic capacity and anaerobic power) parameters. CAF3, CAF6, and PL groups demonstrated significant improvements in vertical jump (ES = 1.07, 1.45, and 1.1, respectively), 20-m sprint (ES = – 0.50, – 0.61, and – 0.36), change of direction performance (ES = – 1.22, – 1.26, and – 1.09), maximal strength (ES = 1.68, 2.29, and 1.17), maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) (ES = 1.09, 1.59, and 0.92), and peak (ES = 1.82, 1.85, and 0.82) and average power output (ES = 1.39, 1.32, and 1.07) after 6 weeks of training. Comparative analysis of individual adaptive responses to training indicated that the CAF6 led to insignificantly greater effects in vertical jump (ES = 1.45), maximal strength (ES = 2.29), and V̇O2max (ES = 1.59) with lower residuals in individual changes and lower coefficient of variations (CV) in mean group changes. Regarding sprint and CODS performance, both experimental groups indicated similar changes, residuals in individual changes, and CVs in mean group changes. Overall, consuming 6 mg·kg–1 body mass caffeine induces superior adaptations in aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, and sport-specific performance measures, with lower inter-individual variability in the adaptations and more homogenized changes over the training period.

Although plyometric exercises are one of the best training methods with proven effectiveness in different sports, especially in improving physical performance, no study of young women running 800 m has been found. Therefore, this study examines the effects of plyometric exercises included in the traditional training program on the physical performance and race time of 800-m young female runners. Twenty young female (mean age: 16.6 years) 800-m run athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Athletes were randomly assigned a plyometric training group (PTG, n = 10) or a traditional training group (TTG, n = 10). Both TTG and PTG completed an 8-week training protocol of 70 min per day each. PTG performed plyometric training on two non-consecutive days of five days, while TTG performed only traditional training for five days, Before and after the training program, the athletes conducted a series of tests including a 20-m sprint, vertical jump, and 6 × 35-m running anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Both training models induced significant improvements in all parameters tested (P < 0.05). PTG achieved greater improvement than TTG in vertical jump height (5% vs. 2.45%, P < 0.05), explosive power (7.82% vs. 3.84%, P < 0.05), anaerobic power (5.8% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.05), 20-m sprint (3.47% vs 2.11%, P < 0.05), and race time (1.36% vs. 0.66%). This study revealed that plyometric exercise has a more significant effect than traditional training in improving the physical performance characteristics and competition times of young female athletes running 800 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of low, moderate, or high doses of taurine on anaerobic and physiological performance in female rugby players. A total of 16 sub-elite female rugby athletes (21.3 ± 1.5 yr, 168.0 ± 4.9 cm, 62.1 ± 3.5 kg mean ± SD) participated in this research. Following familiarization, participants attended 4 successive tests separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced, crossover research design. Following an over night fast, participants completed a 5-min 60 Watt warm-up followed by a 30-s Wingate anaerobic test on a cycle ergometer after ingestion of either 2 g taurine (LOWTAU), 4 g (MODTAU), 6 g (HIGHTAU) or placebo (PLA) 1 h before the test. Peak (PP) and mean power (MP) along with heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), capillary lactate and blood glucose were measured. LOWTAU did not affect PP, MP, HR, lactate and glucose compared to PLA (p > 0.05), while MODTAU improved MP and HIGHTAU improved PP and MP compared to PLA and LOWTAU (p < 0.05). MODTAU and HIGHTAU had little effect on HR, blood lactate and glucose (p > 0.05). A single dose of taurine (MODTAU or HIGHTAU) 1 h prior to competition or training would provide an ergogenic effect on subsequent power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the physiological responses and effects of exercise training under hypoxic conditions at the skeletal muscle level induced by reducing muscle temperature in cold water environment. Participants were divided into two intervention groups, cooling and control conditions, according to the water temperature of 15°C and 33°C where the training were conducted in. Eight participants in each group performed submaximal cycling exercise in the water for 30 minutes at the lactate threshold (LT) intensity, three times a week for four weeks (12 sessions). LT intensity was assessed at pre- and post-intervention in a 33°C water temperature environment. A progressive load cycling test was performed on land to assess maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and Wingate test was conducted to measure anaerobic power. In the cooling group, working muscle deoxygenation increased during submaximal and maximal exercise, suggesting an improvement in the muscle oxygen extraction capacity. However, no effects on aerobic capacity such as V̇O2max or LT intensity were observed. The improvement in mean power and time to peak during the Wingate test in the cooling group indicated that LT intensity exercise training in a cold water environment would increase anaerobic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic power, agility and owned physical characteristics are the most important characteristics that determine sportive success and performance in wrestling. In this study, these characteristics of Turkish Elite Greco-Roman Style Young Wrestlers were determined. Because better preparation of the training programs to increase the performance of the athlete depends on determining the athlete profile in the best way in advance and creating it based on a scientific method. Determining the anaerobic power and agility characteristics of wrestlers will be one of the most important data in predicting their sports performance. 37 elite Greco-Roman style young wrestlers who have achieved success at national and international level participated in the research. The findings obtained because of this study will also contribute to the revision of the wrestlers' training programs. Average age of the athletes is 18.6±1 Years, their body weight is 76±16.1 Kg., their height is 175±1 cm., their body fat percentage is 10.8±4.6, and their body mass index is 24.8±3.8 kg/m2. In the made Wingate Test, the highest anaerobic power for the arm was 9.95±2.51 w/kg, and the average was 4.68±0.7 w/kg. The same measurements were determined as 14.68±2.52 w/kg at the highest and 7.17±0.8 w/kg on average for the leg. Illinois agility test result was found 15.9±0.8 sec. With these results, it has been observed that the measured performance values of Turkish elite Greco-Roman style young wrestlers are above the average and are consistent with the studies found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Today, training on various training surfaces is one of the most important concerns of coaches for improving sports performance, which has rarely been considered in sport teams. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six-week of specific volleyball training on ground surfaces (concrete, floor and sand) on some selected factors of physical fitness in volleyball male players. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male volleyball players (average age, 16.11±0.82 years) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three training groups including training on concrete, floor, and sand surfaces. The repeated effort performance test (jump and real-time, time and ideal jump) with four repetitions and rest between repetitions at players' movement speed between 4 to 8 seconds was used. All tests were performed before and after the training programs. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests were used at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Anaerobic power, explosive power (Jumping record) and time reduction in the repeated performance test significantly increased in the both sand and flooring groups compared to the concrete group. Moreover, agility and dynamic balance in the sand and flooring group had a significant decrease and increase, respectively, as compared to the concrete group. Additionally, dynamic balance showed more increased in the sand group than in the floor group. Conclusion: Specific volleyball exercises on sand compared to other surfaces by increasing training overload caused neuro-muscular adaptations and finally improved sports performance and physical fitness of volleyball players. Accordingly, coaches can use sand surfaces to maximize the benefits of training and prevent injury and pain to players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to detect the relationship of isocapnic buffering phase values with the values of both aerobic and anaerobic power. A total of 14 athletes, five females and nine males, with ages between 18 and 25 volunteered to participate in the present study. At the beginning, the values of height, body mass, and body fat ratio of the volunteers were collected as required. Then, a maximal exercise test was applied to the volunteers and during the test, the values of maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO2max), amount of oxygen consumed (VO2), amount of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2), ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximal heart rate were determined. Isocapnic buffering and hypocapnic hyperventilation phases were determined from the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point values. One week after the maximal exercise test, the Wingate anaerobic test was applied to the volunteers and anaerobic power values were calculated. A significant relationship was found between the values of isocapnic buffering and hypocapnic hyperventilation, and the values of maximal heart rate (beats/min), ventilatory threshold VO2 (ml/kg/min), ventilatory threshold heart rate (beats/min), ventilatory threshold speed (km/hour), respiratory compensation point heart rate (beats/min), and respiratory compensation point speed (km/hour) in both male and female volunteers. The findings collected hereby indicate that as the VO2max levels of athletes increase, both their cardiopulmonary data and anaerobic power values and also their ability to resist the intensity of exercises applied after entering anaerobic threshold, increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat on functional fitness of cadets of a higher educational establishment of the national police of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The study involved 125 Cadets at Higher Educational Establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Research methods: methods of theoretical level of research; empirical research methods: pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment; chest rheography (to determine functional state of the cardiovascular system); assessment of anaerobic performance according to the Wingate test and physical performance according to the PWC170 test; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the service and combat activities of police officers in modern social and political environment in Ukraine set high demands to functional capabilities of the body. Hand-to-hand combat can have a significant impact on professional and psychophysiological fitness of personnel for effective actions to apprehend and detain a criminal, as well as under conditions of limited space. Hand-to-hand combat is an effective sport for quality formation of the process of training cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as evidenced by improvement of all indicators of cadets of the experimental group, namely: heart rate variability, anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of motor activity. Conclusions: for the first time, data on HRV, the Wingate test and physical performance of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were obtained. The changes of these indicators under the influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat classes in annual dynamics have been presented. Positive influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat classes on functional state of cadets has been established, which contributes to increase of the efficiency of their professional activities in future. At the end of the study, cadets of the experimental group had significantly better indicators of functional fitness than the cadets of the control group. The obtained results proved that the developed training program based on the application of Hand-to-Hand Combat is effective and proves expediency of its application in practice.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between)]. Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 & VT2), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in VO2max, VT1, VT2, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a single-beam sensor for assessment of jump performance. Thirty-four male and female university students (age: 21.47 ± 0.98 years; height: 173.97 ± 9.32 cm; weight: 70.03 ± 10.63 kg) executed three trials of countermovement jump (CMJ) and three trials of squat jump (SJ), respectively. CMJ and SJ were simultaneously recorded using a force platform (reference) and single- beam jump sensor (Jump Pro). The flight time (FT) and jump height (JH) for both jumps were utilized for analyses. Results revealed the following for FT in CMJ performance: 1) Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) with lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) = 0.90 (0.82, 0.94); 2) Typical error of estimate (TEE) with LL and UL = 0.03 (0.01, 0.02); 3) Bland-Altman estimate = 0.05; and 4) Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.80. On the other hand, JH in CMJ posted: 1) r = 0.96 (0.94, 0.98); 2) TEE = 2.07 (1.73, 2.62); 3) Bland-Altman estimate = 4.00; and 4) ICC = 0.71. In regards to FT in SJ, r = 0.96 (0.94, 0.98), TEE = 0.02 (0.01, 0.02), Bland-Altman estimate = 0.03, and, ICC = 0.88. Further, JH in SJ exhibited r = 0.96 (0.94 - 0.98), TEE = 1.84 (1.53, 2.32), Bland-Altman estimate = 3.55, and ICC = 0.86. These findings support Jump Pro as a valid and reliable tool for measurement of CMJ and SJ performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aim: The Wingate Anaerobic Test evaluates anaerobic power and capacity. Used to assess performance, historically among athletic populations, its evaluative capacity for individuals of varying athletic abilities is limited by a lack of normative data based on large participant populations. This study developed Wingate normative-reference values based on a large-scale cohort that is representative of the Canadian university student population.

Featured Application: This paper highlights the importance of young athletes' testing and comparison to correct variables of available normative values in upper body Wingate testing. Therefore, we must be careful which results (absolute or relative) we compare to the established normative values. In our case, we recommend comparing relative values of body mass to available judo upper body classificatory tables for youth judokas. Moreover, anaerobic-focused training is recommended for young athletes in judo. Additionally, these data can be used to develop young athletes' normative values for the upper body Wingate test via meta-analysis. Judo elements rely on lower and upper body muscle power, supported by the ATP-PCr energy system, which is crucial in high-intensity tasks. This study aims to assess the anaerobic status of young male competitive judokas using the upper body Wingate test and explore associations with competition performance and individual morphological characteristics. A total of 29 male judokas from the U18 and U20 age categories were tested, all actively participating in top-tier national and international competitions. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition measurements were obtained for all participants through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Anaerobic testing was conducted using the upper body Wingate test with a hand ergometer. Competition performance was recorded from the final national cup ranking list. The results presented no statistically significant correlations between morphological and anaerobic variables and competitive performance among selected participants. This highlights the importance of the necessity of updated training programs to increase the anaerobic performance of young Slovenian judokas. Additionally, it shows that in these age groups, anaerobic performance is not the crucial factor but just one piece of the puzzle in young judokas' successful competition performance; therefore other variables should be further researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletes, who engage in wrestling, perform weight adjustment before the competitions like all weight loss category sports. For this reason, weight management is a very important factor prior to matches. When the studies on weight loss are examined, it is seen that athletes lose weight in a short time close to the competition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of shortterm body weight loss in elite wrestlers on anaerobic performance and reaction time during tournament conditions. Ten experienced international level male wrestlers participated as a volunteer in this study. Participants lost 5% of their body weight within 48 hours, in 72 hours; 1 kg tolerance was given over 5% of body weight. During this process, body composition measurement, Wingate anaerobic performance test (WAnT), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and visual and auditory reaction tests were conducted. In this study, a randomized crossover design was used and applications lasted four days. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Due to short-term body weight loss in body composition, total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) were significantly reduced. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in body fat percentage (BF %), visual and auditory reaction time, CMJ and average power (AP). However, there was a significant increase was seen in Peak power (PP) and fatigue index (FI). The results indicate that 5% loss of body weight within 48 hours caused significant changes in body composition and negatively affected the fatigue index. For this reason, athletes who lose weight should avoid rapid weight-loss practices that will cause sudden changes in body composition in order to maintain their athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on anaerobic performance in young, untrained men. Young men (n = 48) were randomly divided into two training groups and a control group. The training groups performed the same submaximal interval training (three times a week for 4 weeks) in normoxia (200 m asl) or in hypoxia (IHT) (FIO2 = 14.4%). The workloads for the interval training corresponded to the intensity of the ventilatory thresholds determined in a graded test. Participants performed a supramaximal all-out sprint test in normoxia twice: before and after the training. Significant improvement in both absolute peak power (p < 0.001; ES = 0.34) and relative peak power (p < 0.001; ES = 0.54) was noted after IHT. Similar changes were not observed either after training in normoxia (p = 0.14 and p = 0.26, for absolute and relative peak power, respectively) or in the control group (p = 0.34 and p = 0.51, for absolute and relative peak power, respectively). Compared to baseline, there were no significant changes in the absolute and relative mean power of either group after training. Intermittent hypoxic training in young, untrained men can be effective in improving their peak power, but does not significantly affect their mean power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study investigated the effect of eight weeks of soccer training with beetroot juice supplement on aerobic power, anaerobic power, and field performance of soccer players. This is experimental research, by the control group in pre and post-test. The statistical population was male soccer players. Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups including the exercise group (EX) the exercise group with beetroot juice supplement (EX&BRJS) the beetroot juice supplement group (BRJS), and the control group (C). Aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, and respiratory exchange ratio, measured by the gas analyser (Cosmed), anaerobic power (peak, mean power), and fatigue index, by Wingate cycle test (Monark, 839), and field performance by (Bangsbo, field test performance). The statistical methods include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levin, covariance (ANCOVA), and pair comparison with Bonferroni test. The results showed eight weeks' of soccer training with beetroot juice supplement, significantly changed aerobic power, respiratory exchange ratio, anaerobic threshold, anaerobic power, field performance, and fatigue index (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, in all variables, the paired comparison showed that the EX&BRJS group progressed more than all other condition groups. The soccer athletes may use beetroot juice supplements along with soccer exercises to improve aerobic and anaerobic power and field performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the impact of sexual maturation on the anaerobic performance of male adolescent wrestlers. Methods: We included a sample of 29 freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers from various clubs in Barinas, Venezuela. Their physical characteristics were as follows (mean ± SD): age, 14.99 ± 1.83 years; body mass, 54.68 ± 16.80 kg; height, 161.06 ± 12.78 cm; body fat, 12.09 ± 4.11%; body mass index (BMI), 20.58 ± 3.79 kg/m²; and training experience, 3.66 ± 2.27 years. Sexual maturation was evaluated using Tanner's criteria, while anaerobic performance was assessed with the 30-second Wingate test for both lower and upper body. Results: There were moderate to strong significant correlations between maturation development and both peak power (PP) and average power (AP) — for both absolute and relative measures — for the lower and upper body. The fatigue index (%FI) for the lower body did not show any correlation with maturation development or with the pubescent and postpubescent maturation categories. Conversely, the %FI for the upper body demonstrated a significant moderate correlation with maturation development and with the postpubescent maturation category. Additionally, a strong significant correlation was observed between the pubescent maturation category and both PP and AP (absolute and relative) for the lower body. A moderate correlation was found between the postpubescent category and PP (absolute) for the upper body. PP (absolute) and AP (relative) for the upper body had a moderate correlation with the pubescent maturation category, while the postpubescent category showed a strong correlation with PP (absolute), AP (absolute), and AP (relative). Conclusion: The stages of sexual maturation significantly influence the anaerobic capacity of adolescent wrestlers, potentially affecting their training adaptations for peak performance. Future research should explore the physiological responses to training protocols tailored to specific stages of maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat on functional fitness of cadets of a higher educational establishment of the national police of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The study involved 125 Cadets at Higher Educational Establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Research methods: methods of theoretical level of research; empirical research methods: pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment; chest rheography (to determine functional state of the cardiovascular system); assessment of anaerobic performance according to the Wingate test and physical performance according to the PWC170 test; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the service and combat activities of police officers in modern social and political environment in Ukraine set high demands to functional capabilities of the body. Hand-to-hand combat can have a significant impact on professional and psychophysiological fitness of personnel for effective actions to apprehend and detain a criminal, as well as under conditions of limited space. Hand-to-hand combat is an effective sport for quality formation of the process of training cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as evidenced by improvement of all indicators of cadets of the experimental group, namely: heart rate variability, anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of motor activity. Conclusions: for the first time, data on HRV, the Wingate test and physical performance of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were obtained. The changes of these indicators under the influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat classes in annual dynamics have been presented. Positive influence of Hand-to-Hand Combat classes on functional state of cadets has been established, which contributes to increase of the efficiency of their professional activities in future. At the end of the study, cadets of the experimental group had significantly better indicators of functional fitness than the cadets of the control group. The obtained results proved that the developed training program based on the application of Hand-to-Hand Combat is effective and proves expediency of its application in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare differences in body composition, lower extremity strength, and anaerobic power characteristics among professional football players at different league levels. A total of seventy-one volunteer players aged between eighteen and thirty-five years (mean age: 23.14 ± 4.23 years) participated in the study, representing the Super League, 1st League, and 2nd League. The participants' body compositions were measured using the DXA (Hologic QDR Series, Delphi A model, Bedford, MA, USA) bioelectrical impedance analyzer, CounterMovement Jump (CMJ) strength with the ChronoJump Smartspeed Mat (INEFC, Barcelona), and Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tests were conducted. ANOVA was used to compare multiple groups, and the Duncan multiple comparison tests were conducted in cases where differences were observed to determine which group the difference favored. The results revealed that Super League players statistically possessed more significant values in body composition compared to 1st and 2nd League players and demonstrated significantly higher values in terms of jump height, maximum force output, and anaerobic power compared to 1st and 2nd League players (p<0.05). Consequently, it is considered that the intensive training sessions undertaken by Super League players both pre-season and throughout the season, along with the expectation of top-level physical attributes from players in terms of performance, contributes to the highest level of physical characteristics required as the league level increases. These findings emphasize the importance of evaluating players' potential according to their league levels and considering not only body composition but also physical performance criteria when aiming for a higher league level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. This study reveals the data of the analysis of the motoric characteristics of thirty National A wrestling athletes, ten Greco-Roman, ten freestyle and ten female. Methods. The study included 10 national wrestling athletes, 10 freestyle and 10 female National A wrestling athletes. Results. These data show a high level of training of the athletes and confirm the specificity of these tests for single fights. The applied tests are informative for the estimation of the functional state of athletes. The dynamics of their results gives the necessary information to predict the success of athletes and can be used in monitoring their condition. Conclusions. As a result of the tests performed in elite athletes, it is recommended to give special exercise movements for muscle groups with muscle imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CBÜ Beden Eğitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of CBU Beden Egitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training [sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets)] or a time-matched small-sided game [SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between)]. Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 & VT2), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in V˙O2⁡max, VT1, VT2, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interval and highintensity sprint training (RST) with different rest intervals on the respiratory function, aerobic and anaerobic power. (2) Materials and Methods: The study involved the voluntary participation of 20 male participants. The participants were divided into two groups: 2IRG (2-minute rest between repeated sprints) and 4IRG (4-minute rest between repeated sprints). The changes in the respiratory function, aerobic, and anaerobic power parameters were examined in the 2IRG and 4IRG athletes who performed two training sessions per week for 4 weeks. (3) Results: The findings indicated that there was no improvement in the respiratory function among the athletes, but there was a significant improvement in aerobic and anaerobic power parameters. However, this improvement was similar in both the 2IRG and 4IRG groups. (4) Conclusions: A 4-week high-intensity interval training program with two RST sessions per week was insufficient to elicit improvements in the respiratory function. However, RST protocols with 2-minute and 4-minute rest intervals provided similar aerobic and anaerobic benefits.

This study aimed to examine the impact of sexual maturation on the anaerobic performance of male adolescent wrestlers. Methods: We included a sample of 29 freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers from various clubs in Barinas, Venezuela. Their physical characteristics were as follows (mean ± SD): age, 14.99 ± 1.83 years; body mass, 54.68 ± 16.80 kg; height, 161.06 ± 12.78 cm; body fat, 12.09 ± 4.11%; body mass index (BMI), 20.58 ± 3.79 kg/m2; and training experience, 3.66 ± 2.27 years. Sexual maturation was evaluated using Tanner's criteria, while anaerobic performance was assessed with the 30-second Wingate test for both lower and upper body. Results: There were moderate to strong significant correlations between maturation development and both peak power (PP) and average power (AP) — for both absolute and relative measures — for the lower and upper body. The fatigue index (%FI) for the lower body did not show any correlation with maturation development or with the pubescent and postpubescent maturation categories. Conversely, the %FI for the upper body demonstrated a significant moderate correlation with maturation development and with the postpubescent maturation category. Additionally, a strong significant correlation was observed between the pubescent maturation category and both PP and AP (absolute and relative) for the lower body. A moderate correlation was found between the postpubescent category and PP (absolute) for the upper body. PP (absolute) and AP (relative) for the upper body had a moderate correlation with the pubescent maturation category, while the postpubescent category showed a strong correlation with PP (absolute), AP (absolute), and AP (relative). Conclusion: The stages of sexual maturation significantly influence the anaerobic capacity of adolescent wrestlers, potentially affecting their training adaptations for peak performance. Future research should explore the physiological responses to training protocols tailored to specific stages of maturation.

Drop set is a popular time-efficient resistance training method. This study aimed to compare the impact of drop-set (DS) training versus traditional resistance training (TRT) while ensuring equalized total training volume on the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four sports science students were assigned to either DS (n=12) or TRT (n=12) protocols according to their 1 RM values, and they trained twice a week for 6 weeks.1 RM test was only conducted at the beginning of the study, while the Wingate anaerobic power test was administered at baseline and after the intervention period. The study demonstrated a significant main effect of time for peak power (p< 0.001), and a between-group interaction effect was observed for peak power (p< 0.05). The DS group exhibited slightly higher peak power values compared to TRT (p< 0.05, 15% increase for DS, 13% for TRT, ES: 0,50 and 0,36 respectively), while both groups displayed significantly increased values from pre to post-testing (p < 0.001). Based on our findings, it can be inferred that DS training leads to slightly greater enhancements in anaerobic power when compared to TRT. Additionally, the study confirmed that a 6-week (12 sessions in total) resistance training program utilizing a load of 70% of 1 RM was sufficient to enhance anaerobic performance in young active men.

In this study, the relationship between fingerprints and the anaerobic power of athletes was analyzed in a random sample group in correlation type. Fingerprints have been used electronically for identification in forensic criminology and authentication in business and social life with the development of dermatoglyphics science in the last century and the understanding that fingerprints are unique to the individual. Today, it is known that much research is being carried out to determine genetic characteristics, heredity, gender, character, and ability analysis from fingerprints. In this study, the height and weight measurements of 126 athletes from Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Sports Sciences were taken with the appropriate sampling method, and the vertical jump test was applied to the individuals. The anaerobic power of the athletes was calculated with these collected data. The coding method determined 10 fingerprints of the same sample group, and fingerprint classes and attributes were determined by observation. According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, a significant difference was observed between the anaerobic powers of the athletes according to their fingerprint classes. The anaerobic power of athletes with W2 Normal fingerprint codes has been observed to be higher than those without W2. However, it has been observed that fingerprints in certain codes increase and decrease in direct proportion to anaerobic power. In light of the data obtained in this study, limited but meaningful data were obtained in the direction of detecting sportive skills from fingerprints.

Background and Purpose: Repeated exercise on sand may lead to overreaching due to higher energy costs than on hard surfaces. Therefore, it will be necessary to create variety in training. Tabata training is a type of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which has been reported to improve some physical fitness factors in team sport players. However, no research has been done regarding its effects on the fitness of beach soccer players. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of six weeks of Tabata training on indoor hardcourt vs. sand on some physical fitness factors and the structure and function of the left ventricle in elite beach soccer players.Materials and Methods: Sixteen players from one of the Iran Premier Beach Soccer League teams were randomly divided into two equal groups including the sand group and the indoor group. Except for the type of training surface, other training variables were similar between the groups. Each exercise set was performed for 4 min (20 s exercise:10 s rest). The protocol was performed in three sessions a week and the duration of each session was 34 to 39 minutes (7 to 8 sets). Cardiac variables (two-dimensional echocardiography) and physical fitness factors were measured at 72 h and 48 h, respectively, before and after the training period. Moreover, the food consumed by the players on the test days was similar. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was used to determine the differences between the groups at P < 0.05.Results: The increase in stroke volume (SV; P < 0.001) and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P = 0.003), and the decrease in the relative left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P = 0.042) were significantly higher in the sand group than in the indoor group. Except for peak anaerobic power in the indoor group (P = 0.604), the improvement observed in other physical fitness factors was significant in both groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in in terms of relative VO2max (P = 0.58), peak (P = 0.134), minimum (P = 0.913), and average (P = 0.5) anaerobic power, explosive power (P = 0.702), 30-m sprint (P = 0.23) and agility (P = 0.884).Conclusion: Compared to indoor hardcourt, it seems that six weeks of Tabata training on sand increases the SV of elite beach soccer players through a greater venous return to the heart. However, no difference was observed between training on sand or indoor hardcourt in terms of aerobic power, anaerobic power parameters, explosive power, speed of movement, and agility performance. Therefore, the use of Tabata training protocol on a standard indoor hardcourt is recommended to create a variety of conditioning programs for beach soccer players or in situations where there is no access to a sand surface.

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years fromImamKhomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases inVO2 maxand peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) performance in athletes and sedentary individuals, within the scope of five-second segments. A second goal was to explore the relationship between physical characteristics and WAnT performance. Thirteen well-trained male athletes (23.31 ± 2.06 years) and 13 sex-matched healthy sedentary individuals (22.84 ± 1.99 years) volunteered. Participants first completed demographic and anthropometric measurements. They then attended a laboratory session to perform the 30-second WAnT (WAnT-30) on a cycle ergometer (Monark Wingate Ergometer model 834E). The test load was adjusted to 7.5% of the body mass. The peak power (PP) related to WAnT-30 and mean power (MP) outputs of each five-second segment were collected using the ergometer software after performing the test. WAnT-30 PP and all five-second segment MP outputs were higher in the athletes compared to the sedentary individuals (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between WAnT-30 PP and each five-second segment of MP outputs in athletes (p < 0.05; r = 0.594 - 0.970), but this correlation was not observed after the 3rd segment in the sedentary individuals. Body height and body weight were identified as the best predictor variables for WAnT-30 performance in the simple regression model (R2 = 0.362 - 0.689 and R2 = 0.457 - 0.590 respectively). These findings indicated that athletes had higher power outputs than sedentary individuals across all segments of WAnT-30. Additionally, it was revealed that an all-out anaerobic test performance could be affected by physical characteristics in athletes. Future research should include different segment intervals in participants from specific sports to better evaluate anaerobic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Beetroot juice is an ergogenic aid containing high levels of nitrate and is known to have many physiological benefits. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on the physical capacity and isokinetic muscle function of power athletes. METHODS: Thirteen power athletes were orally administered three different volumes of beetroot juice: placebo (70 ml), low-volume beetroot juice (70 ml), and high-volume beetroot juice (140 ml). The Harvard step test, 20 m sprint, side-step, reaction time, Wingate test, blood lactate analysis, and isokinetic knee and trunk tests were performed to confirm their physical capacity and isokinetic muscle function. Significant differences between the drink groups were determined using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the Harvard step, side step, whole-body reaction time, anaerobic power, blood lactate concentration, and isokinetic muscular strength in the knee and trunk for all groups. However, the 20 m sprint and isokinetic muscular endurance of the knee extensor were significantly higher with beetroot juice intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that > 70 ml of beetroot juice supplement before performance may be useful as an ergogenic supplement to improve performance-related physical fitness, including speed and muscular endurance, in power athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective The present study compared the effects of two different small-sided game (SSG) training methods, interval (ISSG) and continuous (CSSG) on the bio-motor abilities of young soccer players. Methods Sixteen young soccer players (age: 19.5 ± 0.5 years; height: 177 ± 4.72 cm) were ranked based on the result of a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and randomly divided into two groups: CSSG (n = 8) and ISSG (n = 8). The training protocols were performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Participants were assessed twice (pre- and post-intervention) to estimate their anaerobic capacity with the RAST, aerobic capacity with Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, body fat percentage with a bioimpedance analysis, speed with a 30-meter run test, and agility with the Illinois agility test. During the training session, the rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (mean and maximum) were recorded to assess the training load. Results In general, aerobic and anaerobic capacities improved after ISSG (p

In this study, the relationship between fingerprints and the anaerobic power of athletes was analyzed in a random sample group in correlation type. Fingerprints have been used electronically for identification in forensic criminology and authentication in business and social life with the development of dermatoglyphics science in the last century and the understanding that fingerprints are unique to the individual. Today, it is known that much research is being carried out to determine genetic characteristics, heredity, gender, character, and ability analysis from fingerprints. In this study, the height and weight measurements of 126 athletes from Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Sports Sciences were taken with the appropriate sampling method, and the vertical jump test was applied to the individuals. The anaerobic power of the athletes was calculated with these collected data. The coding method determined 10 fingerprints of the same sample group, and fingerprint classes and attributes were determined by observation. According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, a significant difference was observed between the anaerobic powers of the athletes according to their fingerprint classes. The anaerobic power of athletes with W2 Normal fingerprint codes has been observed to be higher than those without W2. However, it has been observed that fingerprints in certain codes increase and decrease in direct proportion to anaerobic power. In light of the data obtained in this study, limited but meaningful data were obtained in the direction of detecting sportive skills from fingerprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating stress in athletes is important for monitoring overall physiologic load and is a core practice for sport performance teams. This study examined relationships between 2 metrics of training stress, heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol, before and after intense anaerobic power testing. Electrocardiogram recordings and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after a Wingate anaerobic power test (WAnT-30) from professional handball players (n = 20) and sedentary controls (n = 18). Between-group differences and correlations were computed to assess study hypotheses. No differences were observed in HRV frequency-dependent parameters between groups, but in athletes, Min. R-R (p < 0.01) and Avg.R-R (p = 0.03) before WAnT-30 and the percentage of successive normal cardiac beat intervals greater than 50 milliseconds (i.e., pNN50; p = 0.03) after WAnT-30 were elevated. A high positive correlation was detected between the pretest and post-test cortisol levels in athletes (p = 0.0001; r = 0.87) but not in sedentary individuals. No correlations were observed between the cortisol levels and WAnT-30 power parameters in either group. Relationships were evident in the standard deviation of RR intervals (p = 0.02, r = -0.53), square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals (p = 0.043, r = -0.46), very low frequency (p = 0.032; r = -0.480), high-frequency (p = 0.02; r = -0.52) variables, and pretesting cortisol in athletes. These findings suggest that HRV analysis is a valuable tool for examining cardiovascular regulation, independent of cortisol; the data may provide valuable information for performance teams in evaluating acute stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a semi-essential sulphur-containing amino acid abundant in skeletal muscle. Taurine supplementation is popular among athletes and has been purported to enhance exercise performance. This study aimed to investigate the ergogenic effects of taurine supplementation on anaerobic (Wingate; WanT) performance, blood lactate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) in elite athletes. For this study, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover designs were used. Thirty young male speed skaters were randomly assigned to either taurine (TAU; single dose of 6 g) or placebo (PLAC; single dose of 6 g) 60 minutes before testing. Following a 72-hour washout, period participants completed the opposite condition. TAU improved peak (Δ% = 13.41, p < 0.001, d = 1.71), mean (Δ% = 3.95, p = 0.002, d = 1.04), and minimum power output (Δ% = 7.89, p = 0.034, d = 0.48) compared to placebo. Further, RPE (Δ% = -10.98, p = 0.002, d = 0.46) was significantly lower following the WanT in the TAU condition compared to placebo. There were no differences between conditions for the countermovement vertical jump. In conclusion, acute TAU supplementation augments anaerobic performance in elite speed skaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drop set is a popular time-efficient resistance training method. This study aimed to compare the impact of drop-set (DS) training versus traditional resistance training (TRT) while ensuring equalized total training volume on the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four sports science students were assigned to either DS (n=12) or TRT (n=12) protocols according to their 1 RM values, and they trained twice a week for 6 weeks.1 RM test was only conducted at the beginning of the study, while the Wingate anaerobic power test was administered at baseline and after the intervention period. The study demonstrated a significant main effect of time for peak power (p< 0.001), and a between-group interaction effect was observed for peak power (p< 0.05). The DS group exhibited slightly higher peak power values compared to TRT (p< 0.05, 15% increase for DS, 13% for TRT, ES: 0,50 and 0,36 respectively), while both groups displayed significantly increased values from pre to post-testing (p < 0.001). Based on our findings, it can be inferred that DS training leads to slightly greater enhancements in anaerobic power when compared to TRT. Additionally, the study confirmed that a 6-week (12 sessions in total) resistance training program utilizing a load of 70% of 1 RM was sufficient to enhance anaerobic performance in young active men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]