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Direito e Justi��a, v. 12 n. 1 (1998)

Assiste-se ao advento de uma nova sociedade global, de risco e marcadamente tecnológica, cada vez mais disponível para ceder liberdade a troco de segurança, que coloca renovados desafios ao direito de punir dos Estados democráticos. Á luz da progressiva introdução de uma racionalidade de controlo e de eficácia na nova gestão pública (New Public Management), este artigo analisa alguns desenvolvimentos da política criminal atual, com destaque para o movimento de criminalização, a utilização da estratégia de compliance e o incremento do sistema punitivo.

El libro que se presenta constituye el conjunto de resultados del Proyecto DER 2016-79705-R, financiado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad sobre “Criminalidad organizada, terrorismo y responsabilidad penal de las personas juridicas”, que fueron discutidos en el IV Congreso Internacional sobre “Criminalidad organizada transnacional: una amenaza a los Estados democraticos, celebrado en la Universidad de Salamanca los dias 10 y 11 de octubre de 2019. Con ello, este grupo de investigacion que se inscribe en el Observatorio de Criminalidad Organizada Transnacional, aspira a dar un paso mas en la comprension, analisis y respuestas juridicas y sociales a fenomenos criminales poliedricos, complejos que escapan a los conocimientos parcelados por especialidades y, por supuesto, a las fronteras nacionales, que amenazan gravemente la convivencia democratica. El terrorismo, la criminalidad organizada, como fenomenos silentes, ambiguos, hibridos, son capaces de camuflarse en actividades normalizadas, aparentemente licitas para sortear la visibilidad de los aparatos de persecucion penal ordinarios, sino corromper las diversas estructuras estatales, capturando el Estado en los casos mas graves. De ahi que se haya tratado, especialmente, la responsabilidad penal de las personas juridicas, la responsabilidad de los asesores juridicos, ademas de las mas modernas formas de traficos ilicitos. Espana, por su situacion geografica, constituye un territorio estrategico para las organizaciones criminales, tanto como lugar de llegada como de transito. Prevenir estos fenomenos criminales, esto es, contener la criminalidad organizada y el terrorismo, constituye una tarea importante no solo para la Academia, sino para todos los agentes sociales que pretenden una convivencia social libre de violencia y corrupcion. En una celebre frase de El Padrino, este le decia a uno de sus secuaces, “son solo negocios”. Lamentablemente, son bastante mas que “negocios”.

Purpose We report the first cervical cancer cases treated with interstitial electronic brachytherapy (eBT) at our hospital and compare them with plans made with high‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy based on Ir192 (HDR‐BT). Materials and methods Eight patients with cervical cancer were treated with the Axxent eBT device (Xoft, Inc.). Planning was with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography following the recommendations of the EMBRACE protocol. The dosimetry parameters of organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated for the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon (D2cc, D1cc, and D0.1cc). In addition, the V150 and V200 of irradiated tissue were compared for both eBT and HDR‐BT. All patients received intensity‐modulated external beam radiation therapy with a regimen of 23 sessions of 2 Gy followed by four sessions of 7 Gy of eBT performed over 2 weeks (two sessions followed by another two sessions a week later) following the EMBRACE recommendations. Each of the eight patients was followed to assess acute toxicity associated with treatment. Results The doses reaching OAR for eBT plans were lower than for HDR‐BT plans. As for acute toxicity associated with eBT, very few cases of mucositis were detected. No cases of rectal toxicity and one case with grade 1 urinary toxicity were detected. The results at 1 month are equally good, and no relapses have occurred to date. Conclusions The first results of treatment with the Axxent eBT device are promising, as no recurrences have been observed and toxicity is very low. eBT is a good alternative for treating cervical cancer in centers without access to conventional HDR.

Taking fundamental rights into account means a limitation of repression, as an instance of the principle of proportionality or principle of necessity, of criminal intervention. The need to design European Union (EU) criminal law in compliance with the principle of proportionality is especially clear in the post-Lisbon stage, in view of the strengthening and expansion of the EU’s competence to legislate on criminal matters, enshrined in Article 83 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. This article aims at analysing the terms in which European criminal law respects the aforementioned principle of proportionality of punishment and translates an EU perspective in the field of criminal sanctions.

Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Administração Pública, especialidade em Administração e Políticas Públicas As organizações do setor público enfrentam grandes mudanças organizacionais e aprendem a gerir novas expectativas, no que respeita à orientação e criação de valor público. Neste sentido, têm sido desenvolvidos alguns estudos que evidenciam que as organizações orientadas para o empreendedorismo têm maior capacidade de resposta para enfrentar essas mudanças. As diferenças entre setor privado e setor público são significativas, pelo que a transferência de conceitos é complexa e deve ser feita com muita precaução. Neste contexto, é interessante investigar quais são os antecedentes que influenciam a orientação empreendedora e como é que esta se relaciona com as diretrizes para o valor público. O estudo em análise procura responder a essa lacuna de investigação, aprofundando os conceitos de empreendedorismo corporativo, empreendedorismo no setor público e Gestão do Valor Público, para determinar os antecedentes relevantes e desenvolver um modelo exploratório. O modelo avalia dirigentes superiores e intermédios das unidades orgânicas das instituições de ensino superior público, por serem os que têm maior tendência empreendedora, devido à função mediadora que desempenham. Os dados utilizados para testar o modelo referem-se a uma amostra de 163 dirigentes superiores e intermédios das unidades orgânicas das instituições de ensino superior público em Portugal. Os resultados baseados na Structural Equation Modelling sugerem a existência de seis fatores que influenciam a orientação empreendedora: apoio por parte da Direção, descrição do trabalho, disponibilidade de recursos, recompensas e reforços, KPIs e localismo. Os dados evidenciam também uma forte relação positiva entre a orientação empreendedora e a orientação para o valor público. Este estudo promove o desenvolvimento da orientação empreendedora no setor público, Gestão do Valor Público e literatura sobre empreendedorismo corporativo do setor privado. Fornece sugestões para que as organizações do setor público tenham orientação empreendedora e orientação para o valor público. Public sector organizations face major organizational changes and expectations in terms of guidance and the creation of public value. In this sense, some studies have been developed with evidence, that organizations oriented to entrepreneurship have greater response capacity to face these changes. The differences between the private and public sectors are significant, so the transfer of concepts is difficult and must be done with great caution. In this context, it is important to understand what are the antecedents that influence the entrepreneurial orientation, and how does the entrepreneurial orientation relate to the orientation towards public value. This study aims to cover this research gap, by using the concepts of corporate entrepreneurship, public sector entrepreneurship and public value management, to determine the relevant background and develop an analysis model. The model assesses senior and middle managers of the organic units of public higher education institutions, as they are more likely to develop entrepreneurial orientation due to their mediating role. The data used to evaluate the model, refer to a sample of 163 senior and middle managers of the organic units of public higher education institutions in Portugal. The results based on Structural Equation Modelling suggest the existence of six factors that influence entrepreneurial orientation: management support, job description, availability of resources, rewards / reinforcements, KPIs and Localism. The data also show a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the orientation towards public value. This study promotes the development of public entrepreneurship, public value management and private sector corporate entrepreneurship literature, providing suggestions for public sector organizations to have entrepreneurial orientation and orientation towards public value. N/A

The Beijing genotype comprises a highly disseminated strain type that is frequently associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) and increased transmissibility but, countries such as Portugal and Guinea-Bissau fall outside the regions phylogeographically associated with this specific genotype. Nevertheless, recent data shows that this genotype might be gradually emerging in these two countries as an underlying cause of primary MDR-TB. Here, we describe the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strains associated with MDR-TB in Portugal and Guinea-Bissau demonstrating the presence of the well described superclusters 100-32 and 94-32 in Portugal and Guinea-Bissau, respectively. Genome-wide analysis and comparison with a global genomic dataset of M. tuberculosis Beijing strains, revealed the presence of two genomic clusters encompassing isolates from Portugal and Guinea-Bissau, GC1 (n = 121) and GC2 (n = 39), both of which bore SNP signatures compatible with the 100-32/B0/W148 and 94-32/Central Asia Outbreak clades, respectively. Moreover, GC2 encompasses a cross-border cluster between Portugal, Guinea-Bissau and Brazil thus supporting migration-associated introduction of MDR-TB and subsequent clonal expansion at the community-level. The comparison with global Beijing datasets demonstrates the global reach of the disease and its complex dissemination across multiple countries while in parallel there are clear microevolutionary trajectories towards extensively drug resistant TB. This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant number BB/R013063/ 1]; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [grant number UID/DTP/04138/2019,UID/Multi/04413/2013]; Medical Research Council [grant numbers MR/K000551/1, MR/ M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1, MR/R0209]; Russian Science Foundation [grant number 19-14-00013]. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Portugal is a low incidence country for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Now figuring among TB low incidence countries, it has since the 1990s reported multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB cases, driven predominantly by two strain-types: Lisboa3 and Q1. This study describes the largest characterization of the evolutionary trajectory of M/XDR-TB strains in Portugal, spanning a time-period of two decades. By combining whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility data for 207 isolates, we report the geospatial patterns of drug resistant TB, particularly the dispersion of Lisboa3 and Q1 clades, which underly 64.2% and 94.0% of all MDR-TB and XDR-TB isolates, respectively. Genomic-based similarity and a phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple clusters (n = 16) reflecting ongoing and uncontrolled recent transmission of M/XDR-TB, predominantly associated with the Lisboa3 and Q1 clades. These clades are now thought to be evolving in a polycentric mode across multiple geographical districts. The inferred evolutionary history is compatible with MDR- and XDR-TB originating in Portugal in the 70's and 80's, respectively, but with subsequent multiple emergence events of MDR and XDR-TB particularly involving the Lisboa3 clade. A SNP barcode was defined for Lisboa3 and Q1 and comparison with a phylogeny of global strain-types (n = 28 385) revealed the presence of Lisboa3 and Q1 strains in Europe, South America and Africa. In summary, Portugal displays an unusual and unique epidemiological setting shaped by >40 years of uncontrolled circulation of two main phylogenetic clades, leading to a sympatric evolutionary trajectory towards XDR-TB with the potential for global reach. Financial support was provided by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, for which we would like to would like to acknowledge the Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections. Supported in part by UID/DTP/04138/2019 from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. JP [CEECIND/00394/2017] and DM are supported by FCT through Estímulo Individual ao Emprego Científico. DM, IC and MV are funded by project PTDC/BIA-MIC/30692/2017 and the Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) Research Center (Grant UID/Multi/04413/2013) from FCT. TGC received funding from the MRC UK (Grant no. MR/K000551/1, MR/M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1, MR/R020973/1) and BBSRC UK (BB/R013063/1). SC received funding from the Medical Research Council UK grants (MR/R020973/1) and the BBSRC UK (BB/R013063/1). JPhe is funded by the Medical Research Council UK grants (MR/S03563X/1). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Economia e de Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2020 Submitted by Biblioteca FPIE-ULisboa (bibliorul@fpie.ulisboa.pt) on 2021-03-22T17:45:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie055818_tm.pdf: 2514348 bytes, checksum: d257c1628549e59885b3dba35671989b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-22T17:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie055818_tm.pdf: 2514348 bytes, checksum: d257c1628549e59885b3dba35671989b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

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Submitted by rcaetano@stj.jus.br (rcaetano@stj.jus.br) on 2022-02-02T19:57:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 01_politica_criminal_estado_rodrigues.pdf: 210579 bytes, checksum: 33c5bc99691261b982aa3379990651d8 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by betanial@stj.jus.br (betanial@stj.jus.br) on 2022-02-04T00:17:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 01_politica_criminal_estado_rodrigues.pdf: 210579 bytes, checksum: 33c5bc99691261b982aa3379990651d8 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-04T00:17:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 01_politica_criminal_estado_rodrigues.pdf: 210579 bytes, checksum: 33c5bc99691261b982aa3379990651d8 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

PurposeThis study is a dosimetric and acute toxicity comparison of endometrial cancer patients treated with either Axxent (Xoft, Inc., San José, CA, USA) electronic and interstitial brachytherapy versus interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT).Materials and MethodsBetween 2015 and 2017, 94 patients with postoperative endometrial cancer were treated in our centre with the Axxent electronic brachytherapy (eBT) system. The V150 and V200 are evaluated prospectively for each plan. The mean age of patients was 65.9 years (age range 33–84 years), with different tumour staging. Of the 94 patients, 37 received exclusive adjuvant brachytherapy (25 Gy in five sessions); the remaining patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with a regimen of 23 sessions of 2 Gy each to the entire pelvis, followed by eBT (15 Gy in three sessions). Additionally, the absorbed doses received by the organs at risk (OAR), urinary bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon were compared with HDRBT plans, evaluating D2cc, V50% and V35%. Median follow-up was done for each of the 94 patients to assess the toxicity of the treatment: vaginal mucosa toxicity, rectal and urinary toxicity; and results are presented for acute toxicity, toxicity at 1 month after the end of treatment and follow-up after 12 months for a portion of patients according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity criteria.ResultsThe doses in OAR for eBT plans were lower than that for HDRBT plans, both Ir-192 and Co-60 plans, whose doses were similar. The dose in bladder with eBT was 63.8% of the prescribed dose for D2cc versus 70.1% for HDRBT Ir-192, for V50% was 7.2% versus 12.7% and for V35% was 15.2% versus 28.2%. In rectum the D2cc was 61.2% versus 68.4%, for V50% was 7.9% versus 14.3% and for V35% was 16.7% versus 32%. Results demonstrated lower doses to OAR in all eBT plans. Acute toxicity in eBT was very low in cases of mucositis, with only one case of toxicity greater than grade 1, rectal toxicity and urinary toxicity; results at 1 month are equally good, toxicity symptoms disappeared and no relapses have occurred to date.ConclusionsThe results of treatment with the Axxent eBT unit for 94 patients are very good, as no recurrence has been observed and the toxicity of the treatment is very low. The increase in V150 and V200 has not produced an increase in vaginal mucosa toxicity, and the doses in the OAR are lower than in the plans implemented for HDRBT with Ir-192 or Co-60. eBT is a good alternative to treat endometrial cancer in centres without conventional HDR availability. To date, there are limited published studies reporting on outcomes from patients treated with eBT.

Background Continuing evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex genomes associated with resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is threatening tuberculosis disease control efforts. Both multi- and extensively drug resistant Mtb (MDR and XDR, respectively) are increasing in prevalence, but the full set of Mtb genes involved are not known. There is a need for increased sensitivity of genome-wide approaches in order to elucidate the genetic basis of anti-microbial drug resistance and gain a more detailed understanding of Mtb genome evolution in a context of widespread antimicrobial therapy. Population structure within the Mtb complex, due to clonal expansion, lack of lateral gene transfer and low levels of recombination between lineages, may be reducing statistical power to detect drug resistance associated variants. Results To investigate the effect of lineage-specific effects on the identification of drug resistance associations, we applied genome-wide association study (GWAS) and convergence-based (PhyC) methods to multiple drug resistance phenotypes of a global dataset of Mtb lineages 2 and 4, using both lineage-wise and combined approaches. We identify both well-established drug resistance variants and novel associations; uniquely identifying associations for both lineage-specific and -combined GWAS analyses. We report 17 potential novel associations between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and Mtb genomic variants. Conclusions For GWAS, both lineage-specific and -combined analyses are useful, whereas PhyC may perform better in contexts of greater diversity. Unique associations with XDR in lineage-specific analyses provide evidence of diverging evolutionary trajectories between lineages 2 and 4 in response to antimicrobial drug therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5615-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In this analysis, the development of a security- and control-oriented—technocratic—penal rationality is assessed in light of the welfare culture crisis. This penal rationality has been expressed through the increased use of punitive institutional strategies and community sanctions. This movement is opposed to the notion of socialising interventions, in which the right to socialisation is reinterpreted according to the contractualist perspective. According to this perspective, inmates are held to be accountable for their own socialisation, thus underscoring the uncompromising preservation of the non-coercive character of the new right to socialisation.

No domínio da Educação e Formação de Adultos (EFA), baseados numa visão holística do indivíduo e assentes nos melhores princípios da EFA, surgiram em Portugal os processos de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de competências (RVCC), pretendendo valorizar o adulto e as suas diversas competências, adquiridas em contextos formais, não formais ou informais, suprindo uma necessidade de certificação diferente da adquirida nos “bancos da escola”. Assim sendo, o processo de RVCC, escolar e profissional, conjuga atualmente, de forma contraditória, metodologias baseadas na história de vida do sujeito e outras próprias da educação formal escolarizante (perspetiva tradicionalista da educação), como a inclusão de uma prova escolar e/ou profissional no final do processo com a intenção de reforçar o rigor e o sentido avaliativo de um tal processo. Deste modo, constitui-se uma aparente contradição entre os princípios de fundo em que assenta a EFA, na sua génese, e a forma como o processo de RVCC é agora estruturado. A presente comunicação tem como objetivo conhecer as perceções dos adultos atualmente implicados no referido processo acerca da inclusão da prova de carácter escolarizante, ou seja, em última análise pretende-se identificar o impacto que um processo deste tipo tem na visão que o adulto tem de si próprio e da sua afirmação enquanto adulto capacitado para refletir, consciente e criticamente, acerca da sua própria realidade. Para a consecução do nosso objetivo, recorremos à metodologia qualitativa, utilizando para a recolha de dados uma entrevista semi-estruturada, expressamente elaborada para o efeito da presente investigação. Os participantes no estudo rondam as 20 adultas que pretendem obter a sua certificação no âmbito das saídas profissionais de Agente em Geriatria, Acompanhante de Crianças e de Técnico de Ação Educativa, segundo o Catálogo Nacional de Qualificações (CNQ). Os dados empíricos recolhidos (transcrição das entrevistas) serão analisados através da análise de conteúdo e os resultados permitirão reflectir sobre o impacto das ‘novas orientações metodológicas’ a que os recentes Centros para a Qualificação e Ensino Profissional (CQEP) e respetivas equipas técnicas estão sujeitos. Neste sentido, e tratando-se de um estudo pioneiro, prevê-se que a discussão dos seus resultados seja o ponto de partida para um melhor entendimento sobre o que deve ser a EFA hoje e em que moldes devem os processos de RVCC estruturar-se para uma EFA do século XXI com mais qualidade.

This deposit is composed by a publication in which the IGC's authors have had the role of collaboration (it's a collaboration publication). This type of deposit in ARCA is in restrictedAccess (it can't be in open access to the public), and can only be accessed by two ways: either by requesting a legal copy from the author (the email contact present in this deposit) or by visiting the following link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0074-3 This publication hasn't any creative commons license associated. This deposit is composed simultaneously by the original published article and also by the "correction" for the published article (erratum). The link for the original article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-017-0029-0#Ack1 This deposit is composed by the main article plus the supplementary materials of the publication. In the version of this article initially published, the URL listed for TubercuList was incorrect. The correct URL is https://mycobrowser.epfl.ch/. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. To characterize the genetic determinants of resistance to antituberculosis drugs, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 6,465 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from more than 30 countries. A GWAS approach within a mixed-regression framework was followed by a phylogenetics-based test for independent mutations. In addition to mutations in established and recently described resistance-associated genes, novel mutations were discovered for resistance to cycloserine, ethionamide and para-aminosalicylic acid. The capacity to detect mutations associated with resistance to ethionamide, pyrazinamide, capreomycin, cycloserine and para-aminosalicylic acid was enhanced by inclusion of insertions and deletions. Odds ratios for mutations within candidate genes were found to reflect levels of resistance. New epistatic relationships between candidate drug-resistance-associated genes were identified. Findings also suggest the involvement of efflux pumps (drrA and Rv2688c) in the emergence of resistance. This study will inform the design of new diagnostic tests and expedite the investigation of resistance and compensatory epistatic mechanisms. The project was supported by the KAUST faculty baseline research fund (BAS/1/1020-01-01) to A.P. The authors wish to thank members of the KAUST Bioscience Core laboratory who sequenced samples. We thank the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute core and pathogen sequencing and informatics teams who were involved in the Malawi and Uganda studies. The work was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers WT096249/Z/11/B, WT088559MA, WT081814/Z/06/Z and WT098051) and the Wellcome Trust–Burroughs Wellcome Fund Infectious Diseases Initiative grant (number 063410/ABC/00/Z). F.C. was the recipient of a Bloomsbury College PhD Studentship and was supported by the Wellcome Trust (201344/Z/16/Z); J. Perdigão received a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) postdoctoral fellowship fund (SFRH/BPD/95406/2013). The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the Institute Gulbenkian in Lisbon and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases supported the research of C.P., J. Perdigão, I.P. and M.V. J. Phelan is funded by a BBSRC PhD studentship. T.G.C. is funded by the Medical Research Council UK (grant numbers MR/K000551/1, MR/M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1 and MC_PC_15103). N.F. is funded by the Medical Research Council UK (grant number MR/K020420/1). T.M. is supported by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (H21-Shinkou-Ippan-008 and H24-Shinkou-Ippan-010). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Lucas Henrique Alves (lucashs@stj.jus.br) on 2018-11-08T17:46:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 compliance_programs_corporate_rodrigues.pdf: 1515413 bytes, checksum: 68dee71aa132ee9d15a58f8fb88822d9 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by betanial@stj.jus.br (betanial@stj.jus.br) on 2018-11-12T12:06:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 compliance_programs_corporate_rodrigues.pdf: 1515413 bytes, checksum: 68dee71aa132ee9d15a58f8fb88822d9 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T12:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 compliance_programs_corporate_rodrigues.pdf: 1515413 bytes, checksum: 68dee71aa132ee9d15a58f8fb88822d9 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 Disserta sobre os programas de "compliance" corporativo, definidos como mecanismos internos implementados por empresas para prevenir e detectar condutas criminosas dentro da corporação. Analisa a relação do "compliance" criminal com a responsabilidade criminal das pessoas jurídicas.

International audience; To characterize the genetic determinants of resistance to antituberculosis drugs, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 6,465 $Mycobacterium\ tuberculosis$ clinical isolates from more than 30 countries. A GWAS approach within a mixed-regression framework was followed by a phylogenetics-based test for independent mutations. In addition to mutations in established and recently described resistance-associated genes, novel mutations were discovered for resistance to cycloserine, ethionamide and para-aminosalicylic acid. The capacity to detect mutations associated with resistance to ethionamide, pyrazinamide, capreomycin, cycloserine and para-aminosalicylic acid was enhanced by inclusion of insertions and deletions. Odds ratios for mutations within candidate genes were found to reflect levels of resistance. New epistatic relationships between candidate drug-resistance-associated genes were identified. Findings also suggest the involvement of efflux pumps ($drrA$ and $Rv2688c$) in the emergence of resistance. This study will inform the design of new diagnostic tests and expedite the investigation of resistance and compensatory epistatic mechanisms.

The aim of this study is to assess the legitimacy of the Market Abuse Directive (2014/57/EU), from the point of view of the criterion of the need for criminal intervention in the terms set out in Article 83 (2) TFEU. The question is qualitatively different from the one posed at the national level, which is linked to the principle of subsidiarity of Union law. It requires a ‘constitutional’ and ‘restrictive’ interpretation of that rule by means of ‘evidence’, in concrete rather than abstract terms, of the ‘essential’ nature of criminal proceedings in order to ensure the effectiveness of Union law in an area subjected to harmonization measures. The criterion was already enshrined in the jurisprudence of the CJEU, which called for ‘clear factual evidence’ in its densification. The analysis of the arguments in the Proposal of the Directive concludes that they are vague, generic and symbolic and do not give substance to the need for criminal intervention at European level to combat serious fraud in the financial market regime., Objetivo do presente estudo é apreciar a legitimidade da Diretiva Abuso de Mercado (2014/57/UE), do ponto de vista do critério da necessidade da intervenção penal nos termos consagrados no artigo 83.º, n.º 2, do TFUE. A questão é qualitativamente diferente da que se coloca ao nível nacional, ligando-se ao princípio da subsidiariedade do direito da União. Exige uma interpretação «constitucional» e «restritiva» daquela norma, mediante a «prova», em termos concretos e não abstratos, do caráter «essencial » da intervenção penal para assegurar a eficácia do direito da União numa área que tenha sido objeto de medidas de harmonização. O critério teve já consagração na jurisprudência do TJUE, que reclamou «prova factual clara» na sua densificação. Da análise dos argumentos da Proposta de Diretiva conclui-se que eles são vagos, genéricos e simbólicos e não conferem substância à necessidade de intervenção penal, a nível europeu, para lutar contra as fraudes graves ao regime dos mercados financeiros.

Fundamentado em teorias na temática das expressões artísticas (música, artes plásti-cas, dança, drama), nas solicitações de documentos europeus e nacionais e no apelo a uma melhoria de contextos de literacia, surge este projeto educativo para o incentivo à criação textual e a arte de contar histórias enquanto elementos promotores de moti-vação para a aprendizagem no 1º ciclo. Em horário de atividades curriculares de Lín-gua Portuguesa e de Expressão Musical em tempo de AEC, estes alunos, experienci-aram situações educativas lúdicas através da manipulação de recursos pedagógicos diferenciados. À semelhança da dinamização que já se faz em outros países (França e Brasil) com tapetes de histórias, esta investigação- ação propôs aos alunos o desafio de se tornarem escritores, professores (deles próprios e dos outros) encenadores, nar-radores, atores, bailarinos, cantores, artistas plásticos, músicos e operadores de câma-ra na apresentação de uma manta de retalhos. Com este brinquedo, enquanto cenário proposto como desafio e problema, estes estudantes vivenciaram situações pedagógi-cas de aprendizagem contextualizada que lhes propunha o desenvolvimento da capa-cidade de mobilização de saberes individuais e cooperativos. Um trabalho que além-fronteiras é criado e apresentado por adultos. Feito de adultos para crianças. Nesta intervenção os papéis inverteram-se possibilitando a estes alunos, numa apresentação à comunidade, demonstrar as suas aptidões pessoais e sociais, cognitivas e artísticas realizadas em ambientes e contextos de literacia.

Submitted by Roberta Marins (rmarins@stj.jus.br) on 2017-03-27T18:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 direito_penal_economico_rodrigues.pdf: 2275216 bytes, checksum: c7ea67f0c8e851a5a9b05afa23b8eedb (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Rabello (rabello@stj.jus.br) on 2017-04-03T17:21:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 direito_penal_economico_rodrigues.pdf: 2275216 bytes, checksum: c7ea67f0c8e851a5a9b05afa23b8eedb (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T17:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 direito_penal_economico_rodrigues.pdf: 2275216 bytes, checksum: c7ea67f0c8e851a5a9b05afa23b8eedb (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017

Global Network for the Molecular Surveillance of Tuberculosis 2010: A. Miranda (Tuberculosis Laboratory of the National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal)

Background Approximately 10 % of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is made up of two families of genes that are poorly characterized due to their high GC content and highly repetitive nature. The PE and PPE families are typified by their highly conserved N-terminal domains that incorporate proline-glutamate (PE) and proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) signature motifs. They are hypothesised to be important virulence factors involved with host-pathogen interactions, but their high genetic variability and complexity of analysis means they are typically disregarded in genome studies. Results To elucidate the structure of these genes, 518 genomes from a diverse international collection of clinical isolates were de novo assembled. A further 21 reference M. tuberculosis complex genomes and long read sequence data were used to validate the approach. SNP analysis revealed that variation in the majority of the 168 pe/ppe genes studied was consistent with lineage. Several recombination hotspots were identified, notably pe_pgrs3 and pe_pgrs17. Evidence of positive selection was revealed in 65 pe/ppe genes, including epitopes potentially binding to major histocompatibility complex molecules. Conclusions This, the first comprehensive study of the pe and ppe genes, provides important insight into M. tuberculosis diversity and has significant implications for vaccine development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2467-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Submitted by Gabriela Evangelista Botelho null (gbotelho@stj.jus.br) on 2015-04-09T17:41:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 execucao_penal_socializadora_rodrigues.pdf: 1139960 bytes, checksum: d6adc57ec9964b004b2f0f0a7b36123e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T17:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 execucao_penal_socializadora_rodrigues.pdf: 1139960 bytes, checksum: d6adc57ec9964b004b2f0f0a7b36123e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015

Human tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Although spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR are standard methodologies in MTBC genetic epidemiology, recent studies suggest that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) are advantageous in phylogenetics and strain group/lineages identification. In this work we use a set of 79 SNPs to characterize 1987 MTBC isolates from Portugal and 141 from Northeast Brazil. All Brazilian samples were further characterized using spolygotyping. Phylogenetic analysis against a reference set revealed that about 95% of the isolates in both populations are singly attributed to bacterial lineage 4. Within this lineage, the most frequent strain groups in both Portugal and Brazil are LAM, followed by Haarlem and X. Contrary to these groups, strain group T showed a very different prevalence between Portugal (10%) and Brazil (1.5%). Spoligotype identification shows about 10% of mis-matches compared to the use of SNPs and a little more than 1% of strains unidentifiability. The mis-matches are observed in the most represented groups of our sample set (i.e., LAM and Haarlem) in almost the same proportion. Besides being more accurate in identifying strain groups/lineages, SNP-typing can also provide phylogenetic relationships between strain groups/lineages and, thus, indicate cases showing phylogenetic incongruence. Overall, the use of SNP-typing revealed striking similarities between MTBC populations from Portugal and Brazil. Highlights: - We characterized MTBC populations from Portugal and Northeast Brazil; - We used a SNP-based Bayesian tree for identification of the MTBC isolates; Our approach allowed to define the usefulness of SNPs in strain identification; - MTBC populations from Portugal and Northeast Brazil presented striking similarities. The work was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and by the European Commission [grant EC-ICT-231807]. Data collection in Brazil was supported by National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPQ) [Project Number 410498/2006-8] and Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) [Project Number 23038.005107/2011-83]. N/A

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in a non-household setting is difficult to detect, because contact with the source case is often not obvious. Here, we report on a case of a four-year-old child who got infected through sporadic non-household exposure at a coffee shop. The source case was a woman who had suffered from weight loss, productive cough and fatigue for two months before being diagnosed with TB. Screening the child’s contacts revealed two active TB cases within its family. Overall 148 contacts were screened for both cases and 18 cases of latent TB infection detected. The connection between the child and the source case, who were not aware of their contact, was confirmed by molecular fingerprinting. Our case report illustrates the difficulty in detecting non-household transmission between individuals that do not have significant contact, and draws attention to the need to look for the infected adult whenever a child falls ill with TB. This report is a reminder of the importance to consider possibly neglected ways of TB transmission and highlights once again the need of early diagnosis of TB.

Direito e Justi��a, n. Especial (2006): O Tribunal Penal Internacional e a Transforma����o do Direito Internacional. Confer��ncia Internacional da FDUCP/PGR

Lusíada. Direito. - ISSN 2182-4118. - S. 2, n. 3 (2005). - p. 13-37. A "ligação" entre sociedade e crime evidencia-se na sociedade globalizada dos nossos dias. O crime é um dos sintomas da emergência da sociedade global que, ao mesmo tempo, deixa perceber a sua evolução: não só do ponto de vista das ameaças que a espreitam, com a infiltração da criminalidade nos centros de decisão políticos, económicos e financeiros; mas também porque o crime se adapta as novas formas de socialização: nesta sociedade "nova" desenvolve-se uma criminalidade "nova". Importa ter presente que as opções político-criminais se revelam na contra-luz do crime e da sociedade em que ele se manifesta. A "mesma" sociedade que "explica"- cria o crime, "explica" - legitima a reacção ao crime. Esta, se importa percebe-la nas manifestações concretas que assume, há que aprecia-la sobretudo - isso é o mais importante - à luz da ideologia que a impregna.

Direito e Justi��a, n. Especial (2004)

Direito e Justi��a, v. 15 n. 1 (2001)

Submitted by rsmoira@stj.jus.br (rsmoira@stj.jus.br) on 2018-09-24T21:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 crimes_contra_ambiente_rodrigues.pdf: 1335541 bytes, checksum: fad806956d7d6d78a465ab7b641729b6 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by betanial@stj.jus.br (betanial@stj.jus.br) on 2018-10-08T19:08:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 crimes_contra_ambiente_rodrigues.pdf: 1335541 bytes, checksum: fad806956d7d6d78a465ab7b641729b6 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-08T19:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 crimes_contra_ambiente_rodrigues.pdf: 1335541 bytes, checksum: fad806956d7d6d78a465ab7b641729b6 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996