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Introduction: Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is the clinical and biochemical expression of an inflammatory response following endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm (EVAR). The reported incidence in literature varies from 14-60%. Recentently, a study has demonstrated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an independent biomarker predictor of the PIS in patients submitted to EVAR in the early postoperative period. Methods: Retrospective institutional review of consecutive patients submitted to elective EVAR (January 2015- April 2020). The primary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of PIS, defined as fever (>38ºC) and leukocytosis (>12000/μL), excluding infection complication. The secondary outcomes were to identify the potential role of clinical and biomarker parameters to predict the risk of developing PIS after EVAR. Results and conclusion: According to the inclusion criteria, 107 patients were identified. The median age was 75 years old (93.5% men). Comorbidities presented: hypertension (75%), smoking (66%), hypercholesterolemia (59%), coronary artery disease (32%), chronic kidney disease (30%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (18%). The incidence of PIS was 10,2%. Age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors were found to be similar in both groups (P>0.05). Regarding the procedure approach, the majority of patients were treated with percutaneous access (72%) (P=0,49). In both groups (PIS vs. no PIS), the hemoglobin values significantly decreased (P=0,04) after surgery by approximately 14%. The same trend was observed for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P=0.032), which reflected the increasing of the RDW although not reaching statistical significance. Although delta variation of hemoglobin and delta RDW did not reach statistical significance comparing both groups (P=0,53 and P= 0,07 respectively), delta MCV was found to be significantly lower in the group with PIS (P=0.012). The importance of having a biomarker which measurement allows the prediction of patients who have more risk to develop PIS, may help with the early management of this condition.

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Introduction: Currently, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Portugal is 13,3% in adult population. Patients with DM have a 15-25% lifetime risk of developing a foot ulcer. Additionally, diabetic angiopathy is a unique vascular disease that has predilection for below-the-knee arteries. Meanwhile, endovascular techniques have been revolutionizing the revascularization of neuroischemic diabetic foot (NIDF) patients, showing consistently higher limb salvage rates. The survival of NIDF patients reaches 50% at 5 years after revascularization and limb salvage, but decreases to 50% at 2 years after a major amputation. With this study, the authors intend to describe their experience on endovascular revascularization for the treatment of NIDF patients. Methods: Retrospective institutional review of consecutive patients requiring endodistal revascularization (January 2010 - December 2017) - 464 limbs in 326 patients. We evaluated demographics and co-morbidities data and performed statistic analysis to determine factors and outcomes as limb salvage, major and minor amputation rates. The primary outcome was to evaluate the technical success, the limb salvage, the rate of major and minor amputation and the global survival of this population. The secondary outcomes were to characterize the population, the endovascular procedures performed and the evolution over the last years. Operative reports were reviewed to analyze the endovascular procedures and techniques. Results and conclusions: The technical success was achieved in 85% of the procedures. The iliac sector was only treated in 0,7% of the procedures and femoro-popliteal sector in 63,2%. Antegrade femoral approach, was obtained in 91, 3% of the procedures. A complementary retrograde distal approach was performed in 7,6% of procedures. Direct angiossomic revascularization was obtained in 60,9% of the cases. In the femoral and popliteal arteries, PTA was performed in 56,3% of the procedures and recanalization, PTA and stenting in 42,4%. During FU, 14,1% of patients was submitted to major amputation and 36,4% to minor amputation. The major amputation free-survival rate was 80,1% at 12 mo and the rate of healing at 12 mo was 63,2%. The 12 mo global survival was 79,8%. Direct angiossomic revascularization (p=0,014) and the number of tibial arteries recanalized (p=0,01) were both associated with a higher limb salvage rate and a faster healing of the ulcer. In the opposite side, there was an association between the increasing of renal dysfunction and poor healing (p=0,04). The endovascular reintervention rate was 20,4%. The results of the author’s study on endodistal revascularization, highlights the need to prioritize investigation and revascularization in NIDF patients to improve the outcome of foot ulcer, giving the possibility of salvaging a greater number of limbs.

Introdução: A democratização da reparação aórtica endovascular (EVAR) alterou significativamente a estratégia terapêutica do aneurisma da aorta abdominal (AAA), devido ao seu carácter minimamente invasivo e à menor morbi-mortalidade perioperatória associada. No entanto, complicações específicas, como o endoleak tipo 1a (T1aE) e o endoleak tipo 2 persistente (pT2E), foram associadas a outcomes adversos, sendo o mais grave a rotura aneurismática. Apresentamos um caso de rotura de AAA pós EVAR devido a T1aE e pT2E tratado na nossa instituição. Caso Clínico: Trata-se de um doente do sexo masculino, de 73 anos, submetido a EVAR noutra instituição por AAA infrarrenal sem intercorrências. Cerca de 7 anos após-EVAR, o doente é observado no Serviço de Urgência da nossa instituição por quadro de dor abdominal e síncope com recuperação espontânea. Um AngioTC foi realizado e revelou crescimento do saco aneurismático, hiperdensidade espontânea do trombo, elevada densidade da gordura retroperitoneal direita e um pT2E com origem em artérias lombares. Foi decidida intervenção cirúrgica aberta mas intra-operatóriamente, após a abertura do saco aneurismático, foram detetados tanto pT2E quanto T1aE. Foi então submetido a aneurismectomia parcial, laqueação dos óstios das artérias lombares, preenchimento do saco anerismático com produtos pró-trombóticos a selar o colo proximal e encerramento do saco de aneurisma com ajuste do colo proximal. O doente teve alta clínica 15 dias após o procedimento. A AngioTC realizado 1 mês após o procedimento revelou ausência de endoleaks e estabilidade do tamanho do saco aneurismático preenchido com produtos pró-trombóticos. No follow-up a 2 anos, o doente manteve-se assintomático e os achados da AngioTC permaneceram inalterados. Discussão: A rotura pós-EVAR é um desafio terapêutico significativo para cirurgiões vasculares. Neste caso, os achados pré-operatórios da AngioTC levaram à decisão terapêutica de endoaneurismorrafia de colaterais. O achado intra-operatório de T1aE no contexto da rotura aneurismática e instabilidade hemodinâmica, forçou-nos a uma solução inventiva com o objetivo de recuperar a selagem adequada do colo proximal. Esta foi essencialmente uma variante do banding proximal previamente descrito para T1aE. A explantação da endoprótese foi considerada demasiado time-consuming e agressiva num doente já instável. Resultados do follow-up a 2 anos são encorajadores.