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Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is an uncommon disease of childhood, manifesting with the triad of recurrent hemoptysis, diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest radiographs and iron deficiency anemia. Celiac disease is an enteropathy characterized by life-long intolerance to ingested gluten in genetically susceptible people. In 1971 Lane and Hamilton first described the association of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with celiac disease and since then a few isolated cases have been reported in literature. We report a child with pulmonary hemosiderosis presenting with hemoptysis, severe anemia, and diffuse alveolar infiltrates in whom we made a diagnosis of celiac disease. In our case, severe anemia and alveolar infiltrates markedly improved with gluten-free diet.