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This study evaluated the application of ultrasound alone or combined with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli inactivation in poultry processing chiller tank water. A Full Factorial Design (FFD) 22 was conducted for each microorganism to evaluate the effect of ultrasound exposure time (x1: 1 to 9 min; fixed: 37 kHz; 330 W; 25 °C) using a bath, and ClO2 concentration (x2: 1 to 17 mg L−1) on microorganism count expressed in log CFU mL−1 in distilled water. Variable x2 had a negative effect on Salmonella Typhimurium (-5.09) and Escherichia coli (-2.00) count, improving the inactivation; while a x1 increase present no inactivation improvement, explaining the use of x1 lower level (1 min) and x2 higher level (17 mg L−1). The best condition for microorganism inactivation based on FFD was evaluated in chiller tank water (with organic matter) at 25, 16, and 4 °C; x1 was kept (1 min), however x2 was adjusted to obtain the same residual free chlorine (2.38 mg L−1) considering the ClO2 consumption by organic matter, achieving the value of 30 mg L−1. An inactivation of 49% and 31% were observed for Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. When ultrasound was replaced by a simple agitation in the presence of ClO2, there was no inactivation for both microorganisms. Moreover, at poultry carcass pre-chilling (16 °C) and chilling (4 °C) conditions, the synergism of ultrasound combined with ClO2 was more pronounced, with microorganisms’ reductions up to 100%.

Inundação é um evento natural, entretanto vem ocasionando cada vez mais danos humanos e materiais. O mapeamento das áreas inundáveis é importante para eliminar os riscos de ocorrência do fenômeno e estabelecer o uso adequado de determinados locais da bacia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi delimitar as áreas de risco na sub-bacia do córrego Horizonte, pertencente ao município de Alegre, ES. Para o mapeamento das áreas sujeitas à inundação foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por Saaty (1977) e os mapas foram confeccionados pelo aplicativo ArcGIS. Os resultados evidenciam que a declividade do terreno aliada à hidrografia e altitude, são importantes parâmetros de determinação de áreas propícias à inundação. Na sub-bacia em estudo, a região sul apresenta médio risco, sendo observado o contrário na região norte.Flooding is a natural event, however it is causing more and more casualties and damage. The mapping of the wetlands is important to eliminate the risk of occurrence of the phenomenon and to determine the appropriate use of certain areas of the basin. The aim of this study was to define risk areas in the Horizonte stream subbasin, belonging to the municipality of Alegre, ES. For the mapping of areas subject to flooding the methodology proposed by Saaty (1977) was used and the maps were made by ArcGIS application. The results show that the land declivity combined with hydrography and altitude are important parameters for determining the flood prone areas. In the studied sub-basin, the southern region has average risk, whereas the opposite was observed in the north.

This article analyses a Project’s development of young and adult people education, from an academic institution, in a community assisted from the city periphery of Araraquara. Beyond the teacher’s observations, a fact seems very important, the teaching process bring changes in the students quality of life and in the process of building their self-esteem. This fact demanded a revision in the aspects considered in the evaluation process and a new propose of development of the systematic knowledge contends, considering the self biography student’s writing. This work, tried to find out elements of self recognizing, of the personal experience and a self invention. Write their own stories allows them to have access to systematic knowledge and to a different look at the world that made them interpret an find their place in the contemporary reality. The theoreticians formulations include the concept of social resentment, formulated by Maria Rita Kehl (2004), to characterized the lower self-esteem and the political demobilization, and the educational concept of Paulo Freire, that synthetically can be called education for emancipation and liberty. Also was utilized the concept of memory and society, considered by Ecléa Bosi (1994), for the work with literature writing, as a form to remember the memories, that possibility a reconstruction of the relations with the knowledge and the social imaginary.

Objectives Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a poorly understood non-stroke central neurological manifestation in anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays an important role in neural plasticity and could potentially be a biomarker of CD in primary APS (PAPS). The aim of the study is to assess CD in PAPS patients and to evaluate its association with clinical data, anti-phospholipid antibodies and serum BDNF levels. Methods This cross-sectional study compared 44 PAPS patients and 20 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education. PAPS patients and controls underwent a standardized cognitive examination. The demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were recorded. Serum BDNF was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent. Results Fourteen (31.8%) of the 44 patients with PAPS had CD compared with only one (5%) healthy control (P  =0.019). PAPS patients presented lower serum BDNF levels when compared with controls (P  =0.007). Lower levels of BDNF were associated with CD in PAPS patients (P  =0.032). In the univariate analysis, a positive association was found between CD and livedo reticularis, deep vein thrombosis, stroke, seizure, smoking as well as a negative association with Mini Mental State Examination and serum BDNF. According to multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of CD in PAPS was stroke (OR 137.06; 95% CI: 4.73, 3974.32; P  =0.004). Conclusions CD is commonly reported in PAPS patients; however, its assessment lacks in standards and objective screening tests. The association between CD and low serum BDNF suggests that this neurotrophin can be a promising biomarker for PAPS cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis is a common condition among invasively ventilated patients in intensive care units, for which the best treatment strategy is currently unknown. We designed the VATICAN (Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis Initiative to Conduct Antibiotic Evaluation) trial to assess whether a watchful waiting antibiotic treatment strategy is noninferior to routine antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis regarding days free of mechanical ventilation., Methods: VATICAN is a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter noninferiority trial. Patients with suspected ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis without evidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia or hemodynamic instability due to probable infection will be assigned to either a watchful waiting strategy, without antimicrobial administration for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and prescription of antimicrobials only in cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis or septic shock, or another infectious diagnosis, or to a routine antimicrobial treatment strategy for seven days. The primary outcome will be mechanical ventilation-free days at 28 days, and a key secondary outcome will be ventilator-associated pneumonia-free survival. Through an intention-to-treat framework with a per-protocol sensitivity analysis, the primary outcome analysis will address noninferiority with a 20% margin, which translates to a 1.5 difference in ventilator-free days. Other analyses will follow a superiority analysis framework., Conclusion: The VATICAN trial will follow all national and international ethical standards. We aim to publish the trial in a high-visibility general journal and present it at critical care and infectious disease conferences for dissemination. These results will likely be immediately applicable to the bedside upon trial completion and will provide information with a low risk of bias for guideline development.