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Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar podcasts aplicados à educação ou que pudessem ser utilizados com esta finalidade, que tivessem a pandemia da COVID-19 como temática central ou que englobassem o assunto em seus conteúdos, com vistas a sugerir o uso desta ferramenta como metodologia complementar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Foram identificados e avaliados 36 podcasts conforme a taxonomia proposta. Destes, 19 compuseram a amostra final. Observou-se que os conteúdos abrangiam diversos níveis de ensino, o que demonstra potencial aplicação frente aos novos desafios educacionais. Não obstante, os podcasts atravessam diferentes áreas do conhecimento permitindo uma interdisciplinaridade mais efetiva. Entende-se assim que os podcasts podem ser utilizados em diferentes momentos e com diferentes metodologias de ensino. Além disso, a ferramenta possibilita a inclusão de diferentes peculiaridades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e torna o processo pedagógico plural.

espanolLa introduccion de la terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (HAART) ayudo a controlar la condicion viral de los pacientes con HIV/AIDS, reduciendo la concentracion del virus y aumentando las celulas T CD4 +. Sin embargo, los efectos adversos acompanan el tratamiento, como el sindrome de lipodistrofia, caracterizada por cambios morfologicos en la distribucion de la grasa corporal y de los niveles metabolicos en los lipidos y glicidos sericos, creciendo el riesgo de enfermedades cronicas con impacto cardiovascular. Asi, los tratamientos complementarios no medicados, como el entrenamiento de fuerza, son esenciales en el tratamiento de estos pacientes, lo que contribuye en las mejoras inmunometabolicas en esta poblacion, lo que contribuye a hacer frente a la enfermedad. El proposito de esta investigacion fue verificar la influencia de un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza con duracion de 12 semanas en los sistemas inmunometabolicos de personas con HIV/SIDA. Este es un estudio cuasi-experimental, realizado con 20 pacientes (16 hombres), todos con HIV/SIDA usando la terapia HAART, sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de 12 semanas. Se tomaron medidas de las variables numero de celulas T CD4 +, niveles sericos de trigliceridos, colesterol (total y fracciones) y glucosa en sangre, antes y despues del entrenamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadistica descriptiva, con prueba T pareada y nivel significativo establecido en p EnglishThe introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was able to help to control viral condition in patients living with HIV/AIDS, diminishing virus concentration and increasing T CD4 + cells. However, adverse effects follow the treatment, like lipodystrophy syndrome, characterized by morphological changes in body fat distribution and changes serum lipids and glycides levels, increasing the risk for chronical diseases with cardiovascular effects. Thus, complimentary non-drug practices, as strength training, are essential to treat these patients, helping to improve their immunometabolic condition, leading to a better coping with the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 12-week strength training protocol on immunometabolic system of people living with HIV/AIDS. It is a quasi-experimental study, conducted on 20 patients (16 men), all living with HIV/AIDS using HAART. T CD4 + cell numbers, serum triglycerides, cholesterol (total and fractions) and glycemia were measured before and after training. The data underwent to descriptive statistics using a paired T test, with the significance level set at p So, it is suggested that strength training may be effective on immunometabolic condition of people living with HIV / AIDS, increasing T CD4+ cells and controlling serum levels of lipids and glycides.

Dentre os benefícios oriundos do engajamento dos acadêmicos universitários em projetos de extensão, destaca-se o fortalecimento do papel social e da cidadania, com o aprimoramento de habilidades e competências aprendidas em sua trajetória acadêmica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as experiências vividas por alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto como monitores de um projeto de extensão universitária denominado “Programa Universitário Por Um Dia”, criado em 2016 mediante parceria da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP) com as Pró-Reitorias de Graduação e de Cultura e Extensão Universitária da USP. Diante dos relatos obtidos, os universitários arrolados no Programa tiveram a oportunidade de fortalecer suas habilidades de falar em público, organizar suas apresentações, aprimorar o relacionamento interpessoal com outros alunos, exercitar a capacidade de resolução de problemas, treinar a didática e organização pessoal. Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, as atividades do programa continuaram de maneira remota, onde os monitores colocaram todos seus aprendizados em prática e necessitaram adaptar os conteúdos. Essas atividades e desafios contribuíram para a construção diária das responsabilidades e consolidação profissional dos universitários e futuros docentes. Um dos indicadores de sucesso deste programa foi o ingresso na EERP-USP de três alunos do ensino médio, que visitaram o programa, e se tornaram monitores. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Inclusão Social; Extensão Universitária; Oratória; Educação Básica Reports of undergraduate and postgraduate students in nursing from a university inclusion program Abstract: Among the benefits arising from the engagement of university students in extension projects, the strengthening of the social role and citizenship stands out, with the improvement of skills and competencies learned in their academic trajectory. This paper aims to report the experiences of undergraduate and graduate students at the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing as monitors of a university extension project called "University for a Day Program," created in 2016 through a partnership with the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at the University of São Paulo (EERP-USP) with the Dean of Undergraduate Studies and Culture and University Extension at USP. Based on the reports obtained, the university students enrolled in the Program had the opportunity to strengthen their public speaking skills, organize their presentations, improve their interpersonal relationships with other students, exercise their problem-solving skills, train didactics and personal organization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Program's activities continued remotely, where monitors put all their learning into practice and needed to adapt the contents. These activities and challenges contributed to the daily construction of responsibilities and professional consolidation of university students and future teachers. One of the success indicators of this Program was the entry into the EERP-USP of three high school students who visited the Program and became monitors. Keywords: Higher Education; Social Inclusion; University Extension; Public Speaking; Basic Education

O livro é uma iniciativa do “Programa USP Diversidade” e foi idealizado com a intenção de apresentar informações confiáveis, com base em evidências científicas, de maneira simples, para serem utilizadas por todas as pessoas interessadas nas medidas de prevenção da infecção do novo coronavírus, causador da Covid-19. Devido ao avanço e à progressão acelerada do número de novos casos da doença, atingimos números impensáveis e cruéis, com centenas de milhares de mortes entre brasileiros. Com base nos avanços tecnológicos da saúde, como desenvolvimento de vacinas e utilização de novas tecnologias para prevenção e assistência das pessoas, foi elaborada a edição atualizada do e-book Fica a Dica! Covid-19. Assim, a obra Covid-19: Educação para Saúde traz informações atualizadas, incorporando novos capítulos como Novas Cepas e Mutações, Vacinas, Testagem e Diagnóstico e Reabilitação. As dicas são de fácil entendimento para serem utilizadas no dia a dia, como na escola, no trabalho, em casa e nos diversos locais em que circulam pessoas. O acesso às informações confiáveis, no contexto da Covid-19, é importante para reduzir a transmissão do vírus e esclarecer sobre as medidas que qualquer pessoa pode tomar para minimizar as complicações advindas da doença.

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da infecção pela Aids em jovens entre 15 a 34 anos, notificados com Aids e o panorama dos óbitos no período de 2007 a 2017 em um estado do nordeste do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo realizado por meio de levantamento na base de dados Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A coleta ocorreu julho de 2018. Resultados: O sexo masculino obteve 69% das notificações, com um aumento homogêneo no número de notificação com um pico nos anos de 2010 (6,82%), 2014 e 2015 (12,41%) e 2017 (16,11%). A capital obteve os maiores percentuais de casos (66,41%) e o número de óbito diminuiu ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: À exemplo do acontece nos demais estados do Brasil, o perfil da Aids em jovens experimenta uma mudança ao longo dos anos bem como um considerável aumento do número de casos notificados e declínio dos óbitos.

Cytokine storms and hyperinflammation, potentially controlled by glucocorticoids, occur in COVID-19; the roles of lipid mediators and acetylcholine (ACh) and how glucocorticoid therapy affects their release in Covid-19 remain unclear. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from SARS-CoV-2- and non-SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects were collected for metabolomic/lipidomic, cytokines, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and ACh, and CD14 and CD36-expressing monocyte/macrophage subpopulation analyses. Transcriptome reanalysis of pulmonary biopsies was performed by assessing coexpression, differential expression, and biological networks. Correlations of lipid mediators, sCD14, and ACh with glucocorticoid treatment were evaluated. This study enrolled 190 participants with Covid-19 at different disease stages, 13 hospitalized non-Covid-19 patients, and 39 healthy-participants. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased blood levels of arachidonic acid (AA), 5-HETE, 11-HETE, sCD14, and ACh but decreased monocyte CD14 and CD36 expression. 5-HETE, 11-HETE, cytokines, ACh, and neutrophils were higher in BAL than in circulation (fold-change for 5-HETE 389.0; 11-HETE 13.6; ACh 18.7, neutrophil 177.5, respectively). Only AA was higher in circulation than in BAL samples (fold-change 7.7). Results were considered significant at P

The antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide is widely available and exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro. However, there is no evidence of its impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection.In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adult patients who presented up to 3 days after onset of Covid-19 symptoms (dry cough, fever, and/or fatigue) were enrolled. After confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either nitazoxanide (500 mg) or placebo, TID, for 5 days. The primary outcome was complete resolution of symptoms. Secondary outcomes were viral load, general laboratory tests, serum biomarkers of inflammation, and hospitalization rate. Adverse events were also assessed.From June 8 to August 20, 2020, 1,575 patients were screened. Of these, 392 (198 placebo, 194 nitazoxanide) were analyzed. Median time from symptom onset to first dose of study drug was 5 (4-5) days. At the 5-day study visit, symptom resolution did not differ between the nitazoxanide and placebo arms. However, at the 1-week follow-up, 78% in the nitazoxanide arm and 57% in the placebo arm reported complete resolution of symptoms (p=0.048). Swabs collected were negative for SARS-CoV-2 in 29.9% of patients in the nitazoxanide arm versus 18.2% in the placebo arm (p=0.009). Viral load was also reduced after nitazoxanide compared to placebo (p=0.006). No serious adverse events were observed.In patients with mild Covid-19, symptom resolution did not differ between the nitazoxanide and placebo groups after 5 days of therapy. However, early nitazoxanide therapy was safe and reduced viral load significantly.Take home messageThis was the first study to evaluate the effect of early nitazoxanide therapy in mild Covid-19. Nitazoxanide did not accelerate symptom resolution after 5 days of therapy; however, reduced viral load significantly with no serious adverse events.

BackgroundThe uncontrolled inflammatory response plays a critical role in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is thought to be intricate to inflammatory signal amplification. This study aims to investigate the association between soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) and COVID-19 as a prognostic biomarker to predict the disease severity, lethality and clinical management.MethodsWe enrolled 91 patients with COVID-19 in domiciliary care (44 patients) or in hospital care (47 patients), who were classified after admission into mild, moderate, severe and critical groups according to their clinical scores. As non-COVID-19 control, 30 healthy volunteers were included. Data on demographic, comorbidities and baseline clinical characteristics were obtained from their medical and nurse records. Peripheral blood samples were collected at admission and after hospitalization outcome to assess cytokine profile and sTREM-1 level by specific immunoassays.ResultsWithin COVID-19 patients, the highest severity was associated with the most significant elevated plasma levels sTREM-1. Using receiver operating curve analysis (ROC), sTREM-1 was found to be predictive of disease severity (AUC= 0.988) and the best cut-off value for predicting in-hospital severity was ≥ 116.5 pg/mL with the sensitivity for 93.3% and specificity for 95.8%. We also described the clinical characteristics of these patients and explored the correlation with markers of the disease aggravation. The levels of sTREM-1 were positively correlated with IL-6, IL-10, blood neutrophils counts, and critical disease scoring (r= 0.68, ppConclusionOur results indicated that sTREM-1 in COVID-19 is associated with severe disease development and a prognostic marker for mortality. The use of severity biomarkers such as sTREM-1 together with patients clinical scores could improve the early recognition and monitoring of COVID-19 cases with higher risk of disease worsening.

O HIV é uma doença definida pelos danos causados ao organismo e leva a prejuízos severos ao sistema imune. Estudos sobre a doença estão cada vez mais avançados e buscam proporcionar uma vida com menores limitações e riscos aos infectados. No entanto, a Terapia Antirretroviral altamente ativa (HAART) possui efeitos adversos, dentre esses, a síndrome da lipodistrofia. Em contrapartida, a literatura tem descrito que a prática de exercícios físicos regulares, em especial o treinamento de força, podem minimizar as alterações morfológicas e metabólicas ocasionadas pela lipodistrofia. Portanto, objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um período de 12 semanas da evolução da lipodistrofia em pacientes com HIV fazendo uso do HAART, verificando os seus aspectos morfológicos, imunológicos e metabólicos e mostrar a importância do exercício físico como tratamento complementar. A amostra foi composta por 20 indivíduos (entre 35 e 70 anos), de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico positivo para HIV, sob HAART. Os sujeitos tiveram o acompanhamento de 12 semanas, para verificar a evolução da lipodistrofia neste período. Ao final, encontramos aumento dos perímetros do toráx (0,74%), abdômen (0,76%), cintura (0,90%) e quadril (1,58%). Assim como alterações significativas no perfil glicêmico com aumento de 8,9%. Essas alterações necessitam de intervenções, devido aos problemas sociais e clínicos que acompanham, assim, programas de saúde pública, envolvendo exercício físico, pode contribui para minimizar os efeitos deletérios da síndrome.

Objetivo: avaliar a situação vacinal e a soroconversão conferida pela vacina da hepatite B entre ingressantes do curso de graduação em enfermagem, antes do início das atividades acadêmicas teórico-práticas. Método: estudo analítico, transversal, desenvolvido com 102 participantes. Coleta realizada através de questionário estruturado autoaplicável, análise da carteira de vacinação e realização de teste rápido para detecção do Anti-HBsAg. Resultados foram analisados com o auxílio do SPSS versão 20.0, para análise descritiva e teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: verificou-se que o esquema vacinal estava completo em 87,3% dos estudantes universitários e, destes, 48% não desenvolveram a soroconversão. Conclusão: O presente estudo revela a vulnerabilidade de acadêmicos ingressantes do curso de graduação em enfermagem para a aquisição da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B durante suas atividades de formação profissional, mostrando que os profissionais da enfermagem podem estar em risco ocupacional mesmo durante seu processo de formação.

The production of Portland cement leads to high energy and natural resource consumption, as well as relevant emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus, this research work intends to contribute to the study of Portland cement alternative alkali activated binders, which utilization can contribute to counteract to this status. Different samples of alkaline activated binders using different combinations of tungsten mining waste from Panasqueira Mines, milled glass and metakaolin were made. Compression tests were performed at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. For evaluating reactivity chemical leaching was measured. For such, conductivity tests were carried out simultaneously with pH measurement, SEM-BSE and ATR-FTIR analysis. Electrical conductivity tests enabled to preliminary identify the chemical leaching for different precursors. Additionally, by SEM-BSE it was possible to observed reacted and nonreacted particles, and the reactivity extend was confirmed by ATR-FTIR.

Background/aims: The frequency of Human Leucocyte Antigens/alleles associated with rapid progression from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome was evaluated in Brazilian patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with and without Toxoplasmic Encephalitis. Methods: 114 patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (41 with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis, 43 with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, without Toxoplasmic Eencephalitis, and 30 without anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies circulating and without Toxoplasmic Encephalitis) were studied. Results: Human Leucocyte Antigens/alleles associated with rapid progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, particularly HLA-B35, -DR3, and -DR1 allele group, were significantly less represented in patients with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Conclusion: The presence of these Human Leucocyte Antigens/Alleles that predispose to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome progression was associated with resistance to Toxoplasmic Encephalitis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 carriers. Keywords: HLA, AIDS, Encephalitis, T. gondii

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals harboring HIV exhibiting lipodystrophy. The study included 20 subjects (16 men) aged 50.60 ± 6.40 years with reduced BMD, presenting positive serology for HIV, using highly active antiretroviral therapy, and performing no regular practice of physical exercise before being enrolled in the study. Bone mineral density levels were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and 1/3 radius, before and after 36 sessions (12 weeks) of strength training. Compared with pre-exercise period, the results showed increased BMD in lumbar spine (3.28%; p = 0.012), femoral neck (8.45%; p = 0.044), and 1/3 radius (5.41%; p = 0.035). This is the first study evaluating the impact of strength training in patients living with HIV and exhibiting lipodystrophy, showing an increased BMD in all the regions measured (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and 1/3 radius). This study showed the beneficial impact of the strength training on BMD increase in patients living with HIV as an effective and available approach to improve bone health.

IntroductionStudies report that intense physical activity influences the down-regulation of immune function in athletes as well as the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system.AimThis study aimed to compare the plasma soluble levels of the immune checkpoint HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecule with the fat mass and muscle mass index among 77 bodybuilders and 64 controls.ResultsThe comparisons of the percentage of body fat (%BF) revealed that the groups of male and female bodybuilders showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of body fat when compared to their control group, (P ConclusionOur results showed that in bodybuilders with less body fat, the systemic levels of soluble HLA-G, an immunological molecule with recognized immunosuppressive function, are significantly higher and suggest that this immune mechanism may corroborate the immunosuppressive state in athletes undergoing intense and prolonged physical training.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T06:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:25:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1678-77572018000100417.pdf: 559476 bytes, checksum: 4090a8c9b3d7d4218b62480babfe0df9 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the capping materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and Biodentine (TM) (BD) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro. Material and Methods: SHED were cultured for 1 - 7 days in medium conditioned by incubation with MTA, BD or CH (1 mg/mL), and tested for viability (MTT assay) and proliferation (SRB assay). Also, the migration of serum-starved SHED towards conditioned media was assayed in companion plates, with 8 mm-pore-sized membranes, for 24 h. Gene expression of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Regular culture medium with 10% FBS (without conditioning) and culture medium supplemented with 20% FBS were used as controls. Results: MTA, CH and BD conditioned media maintained cell viability and allowed continuous SHED proliferation, with CH conditioned medium causing the highest positive effect on proliferation at the end of the treatment period (compared with BD and MTA) (p

Purpose. Since cytomegalovirus retinitis (CR) is an important cause of visual impairment among AIDS patients and HLA-C alleles have been associated with AIDS disease outcome, we typed HLA-C locus in patients with AIDS exhibiting or not CR. Methods. Three groups of individuals were studied: (i) 49 patients with AIDS and CR (Group I), (ii) 161 patients with AIDS without CR (Group II), and (iii) 202 healthy HIV-negative individuals (Group III). HLA-C typing was performed using commercial kits. Results. The HLA-C∗07 allele group was underrepresented in AIDS patients with CR (P=0.005) when compared to controls or when compared to AIDS patients without CR (P=0.006). The HLA-C∗05 allele group was overrepresented in Group II in comparison to Group III (P=0.017). The frequency of the HLA-C∗16 allele group was increased in Group III in comparison to Group II (P=0.004). Conclusion. The HLA-C∗07 allele group conferred protection against the development of CR in Brazilian AIDS patients, whereas the HLA-C∗05 and HLA-C∗16 allele groups were associated with AIDS susceptibility or protection, respectively.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunolocalization of dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1 in human primary teeth treated with different pulp capping materials. Twenty-five primary molars were divided into the following groups: formocresol (FC), calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), corticosteroid/antibiotic solution + CH (O + CH), and Portland cement (PC), and all received conventional pulpotomy treatment. The teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted for histological analysis and immunolocalization of DMP-1. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test (p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Introduction: Expression of HLA-E molecule in the placental extravillous trophoblast is associated with immune system cell inhibition, resulting in immune tolerance to fetus during pregnancy. HIV-1 can infect trophoblast cells and modify the expression of HLA-E, which may inhibit the cytotoxic activity of the immune system. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate HLA-E expression in third trimester placental tissue of women infected with HIV-1 and uninfected women. Methods: We performed an immunohistochemistry assay to evaluate HLA-E staining in the placental tissue of 99 HIV-1 infected and 85 uninfected women. A pathologist analyzed and classified the HLA-E expression in the placental cells. Results: Irrespective of the HIV status, HLA-E staining was observed in the extravillous trophoblast cells, endothelial cells and Hofbauer cells, but not in the syncytiotrophoblast. HLA-E staining showed no significant difference between the placental tissue of women infected with HIV-1 and uninfected women (P = 0.76). Considering HIV-1 infected women, HLA-E staining was not influenced by HIV-1 viral load (P = 0.48), CD4(+) T-cell count (P = 0.10) and antiretroviral therapy used during pregnancy (P = 0.54). Discussion: Despite the presence of HIV-1 infection, the expression of HLA-E molecules in the placental tissue was not modified when the infection was under antiretroviral therapy control. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Coll Nursing, Gen & Specialized Nursing Dept, Ave Bandeirantes,3900, BR-14040902 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande Norte UFRN, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, Natal, RN, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Ave Bandeirantes,3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Rodovia Araraquara,Jau Km 1,Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Sch Med, Dept Clin Med, Ave Bandeirantes,3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Rodovia Araraquara,Jau Km 1,Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP 11/16885-6

O presente estudo objetivou-se em comparar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória de mulheres idosas hipertensas e não hipertensas, relacionando seus níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, autonomia para a execução das atividades da vida diária e nível de atividade física (NAF). A amostra foi constituída por 16 idosas (oito hipertensas (GH) e oito não hipertensas (GNH)). Para determinar o NAF, foi aplicado o questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ). A autonomia funcional foi avaliada através do protocolo de testes do GDLAM. O nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi determinado por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M) proposto por Rikli e Jones (1998). Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva, teste-t de Student e teste Qui-quadrado. Somente a idade apresentou diferença estatística. No NAF, na avaliação do GDLAM e aptidão cardiorrespiratória não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que as idosas hipertensas apresentam resultados semelhantes às idosas não hipertensas.Descritores: Idoso; Hipertensão; Volume Cardíaco; Medidas de Volume Pulmonar; Exercício; Aptidão Física.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, os efeitos de diferentes concentrações do fator de crescimento transformador beta 1 (TGF-β1) em células-tronco derivadas da polpa de dentes decíduos esfoliados humanos (SHED), com relação à viabilidade, proliferação, migração e diferenciação celular. As SHED foram mantidas em meio de cultura MEMα + soro fetal bovino (FBS) 10% + penicilina e estreptomicina 1% e tratadas com TGF-β1 na concentração de 1,0; 5,0 e 10,0 ng/mL. Após 1, 3, 5 e 7 dias, foram avaliadas a viabilidade celular pelo método MTT e a proliferação pelo método SRB. Após 24 h de tratamento com TGF-β1, foi realizado um ensaio de migração celular por meio de insertos com poros de 8 μm. Para a avaliação da diferenciação celular de SHED em odontoblastos foram analisados por meio da RT-PCR os marcadores DSPP e DMP-1, após tratamento com TGF-β1 nas diferentes concentrações por 14 dias. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey. Em relação à viabilidade celular, as diferentes concentrações de TGF-β1 não tiveram efeito citotóxico sobre SHED. As células tratadas com diferentes concentrações de TGF-β1 apresentaram maiores taxas de proliferação que as do controle negativo (MEMα + 10% de FBS) a partir do 3o dia (p=0,000). Observou-se maiores taxas de migração em direção aos meios contendo TGF-β1, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as diferentes concentrações utilizadas, entretanto, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as diferentes concentrações de TGF-β1 com o controle positivo (p=0,000), controle negativo (p=0,000) e entre o controle positivo e negativo (p=0,002). A expressão de DMP-1 foi observada de forma crescente nas doses de 1,0 e 5,0 ng/mL de TGF-β1 ao longo do período (1, 7 e 14 dias) e na dose de 10,0 ng/mL a marcação foi mais intensa desde o primeiro dia do estímulo. Em relação à expressão de DSPP, o grupo tratado com 10,0 ng/mL apresentou marcação após 14 dias de tratamento. Sendo assim, este estudo permite concluir que as diferentes concentrações de TGF-β1 estimularam a proliferação e migração celular, sem efeito citotóxico sobre as células ao longo do período do estudo. Em relação à diferenciação celular a concentração 10,0 ng/mL de TGF-β1 estimulou à expressão de DMP-1 e DSPP. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in stem cells derived from the pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) regarding to cell viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation. SHED were maintained in MEMα culture medium + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + 1% penicillin and streptomycin, and treated with TGF-β1 at the following concentrations of 1.0; 5.0 and 10.0 ng/mL. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and proliferation by the SRB method. After 24h of TGF-β1 treatment, cell migration assay was carried out using inserts of 8 μm pore size. To evaluate SHED differentiation into odontoblasts, DMP-1 and DSPP markers were analyzed by RT-PCR, after treatment at different concentrations of TGF-β1 for 14 days. The results were submitted by ANOVA and Tukey test. With respect to cell viability, the different TGF-β1 concentrations did not have cytotoxic effect on SHED. The cells treated by different TGF-β1 concentrations showed higher proliferation rates than those of the negative control (MEMα + 10% FBS) after the third day (p = 0.000). Higher rates of migration towards the media containing TGF-β1 were observed, but there were no statistically significant differences among the concentrations. All different TGF-β1 concentrations showed statistically significant differences with the positive control (p=0.000) and negative control (p=0.000). Statistically significant differences were observed between positive and negative control (p=0.002). DMP-1 expression was observed incrementally at TGF-β1 concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 ng/mL at 1, 7, and 14 days and the concentration of 10.0 ng/mL was more intense from day one of the stimulus. DSPP expression was more intense after 14 days of treatment with the concentration of 10.0 ng/mL. Thus, this study concluded that different TGF-β1 concentrations stimulated cell proliferation and migration, without cytotoxic effect on the cells throughout the study period. From the perspective of cell differentiation, TGF-β1 concentration of 10.0 ng/mL was capable of stimulating DMP-1 and DSPP expression.

Vertical transmission (VT) is the main form of infection by HIV-1 in children under 13 years and estimates show that in 25% of cases intrauterine transmission has occurred. Under these circumstances, the virus somehow overcomes the placental membrane and reaches the fetal blood. This review aims to conduct a brief description of the mechanisms present in human placenta that are capable of generating susceptibility or resistance to VT of HIV-1. Placental cells produces a huge group of cytokines, chemokines, hormones and receptors that may contribute to the outcome of virus transmission to the fetus. Moreover, the ability of the virus to infect placental cells can also contribute to its transmission. However, the mechanism by which the virus is able to overcome the placental tissue is not fully elucidated. Thus, further research in this area may contribute to the development of effective preventive strategies to reduce the VT of HIV-1

Bioactive molecules stored in dentin, such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-b1), may be involved in the signaling events related to dental tissue repair. The authors conducted an in vitro evaluation of the amount of TGF-b1 released from dentin slices after treatment with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the effect of this growth factor on stem cell migration from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Sixty 1-mm-thick tooth slices were prepared with or without the predentin layer, and treated with either 10% EDTA for 1 minute, 2.5% NaOCl for 5 days or kept in PBS. Tooth slice conditioned media were prepared and used for TGF-b1 ELISA and migration assays. Culture medium with different concentrations of recombinant human TGF-b1 (0.5, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 ng/mL) was also tested by migration assay. The data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's test. Optical density values corresponding to media conditioned by tooth slices either containing or not containing the predentin layer and treated with 10% EDTA were statistically greater than the other groups and close to 1 ng/mL. Increased rates of migration toward media conditioned by tooth slices containing the predentin layer and treated with PBS, 10% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl were observed. Recombinant human TGF-b1 also stimulated migration of SHED, irrespective of the concentration used. EDTA may be considered an effective extractant of TGF-b1 from the dentin matrix. However, it does not impact SHED migration, suggesting that other components may account for the cell migration.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the different types of morphological alterations from lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) in outpatients and relate them to the therapeutic regimen used. METHOD: a cross-sectional study which recruited 60 patients with HIV and LS and 79 without LS, who consented to interview and data collection from their medical notes. RESULTS: the region most affected by lipoatrophy was the face; by lipohypertrophy, the abdomen, and by the mixed form, the alterations to the abdomen, face, and upper and lower limbs. CONCLUSION: among the therapeutic regimens, that comprised of zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz seemed to protect against LS. Nursing can act in the early identification of the changes, as well as providing guidance and support for patients affected by the changes in their body image. OBJETIVO: identificar os diferentes tipos de alterações morfológicas da síndrome da lipodistrofia (SL) em pacientes dos atendimentos ambulatoriais e relacioná-las ao esquema terapêutico utilizado. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, para o qual foram recrutados 60 pacientes com HIV e SL e 79 sem a SL, que consentiram entrevista e coleta de dados em prontuário. RESULTADOS: a região mais acometida pela lipoatrofia foi a face; pela lipo-hipertrofia o abdome e pela forma mista as alterações em abdome, face, membros superiores e inferiores. CONCLUSÃO: dentre os esquemas terapêuticos, o composto pela zidovudina, lamivudina e efavirenz pareceu proteger contra a SL. A enfermagem pode atuar na identificação precoce das alterações, além de fornecer orientações e apoio aos pacientes acometidos pelas mudanças na imagem corporal. OBJETIVO: identificar los diferentes tipos de alteraciones morfológicas del Síndrome de la lipodistrofia (SL) en pacientes de los servicios de ambulatorio y relacionarlas al esquema terapéutico utilizado. MÉTODO: estudio transversal en lo que fueron reclutados 60 pacientes con VIH y la SL y 79 sin la SL, que consintieron entrevista y recogida de datos en prontuario. RESULTADOS: la región más acometida por la lipoatrofia fue la cara; por la lipohipertrofia el Abdomen y por la forma mixta las alteraciones en Abdomen, cara, miembros superiores e inferiores. CONCLUSIÓN: entre los esquemas terapéuticos, el compuesto por la zidovudina, lamivudina y efavirenz pareció proteger contra la SL. La enfermería puede actuar en la identificación precoz de las alteraciones, además de suministrar orientaciones y apoyo a los pacientes acometidos por los cambios en la imagen corporal.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar por meio de análises clínicas, radiográficas e histológicas o efeito do Laser de Baixa Intensidade na resposta pulpar de dentes decíduos humanos após pulpotomia. Vinte molares decíduos inferiores de 16 crianças com idade entre 6 e 9 anos foram criteriosamente selecionados. Os dentes foram randomizadamente divididos nos grupos Formocresol de Buckley diluído a 1/5 (Grupo I - FC), Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo II - HC), Laser de Baixa Intensidade + Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol (Grupo III - LBI+OZE) e Laser de Baixa Intensidade + Hidróxido de Cálcio (Grupo IV - LBI+HC), e tratados pela técnica convencional de pulpotomia em uma única sessão. As avaliações clínicas e radiográficas foram realizadas nos períodos de 3 e 6 meses do pós-operatório. Os dentes que se apresentavam em período normal de esfoliação foram extraídos, processados para análise histológica e avaliados por sistema de escores. Os resultados clínicos e radiográficos não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos estudados (p>0,05). A análise estatística da avaliação histológica revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa para inflamação pulpar entre os Grupos I (FC) e IV (LBI+HC), sendo que o Grupo IV(LBI+HC) apresentou menor grau de inflamação pulpar. Em relação à fibras colágenas, formação de barreira de tecido mineralizado e camada odontoblástica houve diferença entre os Grupos I (FC) e II (HC), e entre os Grupos II (HC) e III (LBI+OZE), sendo que o Grupo II (HC) apresentou fibras colágenas densas, barreira de tecido mineralizado e camada odontoblástica. Os Grupos I (FC) e III (LBI+OZE), e os Grupos I (FC) e IV (LBI+HC), apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa para reabsorção interna. O Grupo I (FC) apresentou maior índice de reabsorção interna. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para vitalidade pulpar, quantidade de vasos, calcificação pulpar e tecido de granulação. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível constatar que o Laser de Baixa Intensidade com Hidróxido de Cálcio mostrou efeitos clínicos e radiográficos mais satisfatórios, e melhores resultados histológicos em comparação aos demais grupos estudados. Desta forma, sugere-se que o Laser de Baixa Intensidade com hidróxido de Cálcio pode ser considerado uma técnica alternativa para pulpotomia de dentes decíduos humanos. The aim of this study was to evaluate through clinical, radiographic and histological analyses the effect of Low-Level Laser therapy (LLLT) on pulpal response of human primary teeth after pulpotomy. Twenty mandibular primary molars of 16 children aged between 6 and 9 years were criteriously selected. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups: Buckleys Formocresol (diluted 1:5) group I (FC), Calcium Hydroxide - group II (CH), Low-Level Laser therapy + Zinc Oxide and Eugenol - group III (LLLT+ZOE), and Low-Level Laser therapy + Calcium Hydroxide - group IV (LLLT+CH), and treated by the conventional pulpotomy technique at a single appointment. The clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 3 and 6 post-operative months. The teeth underwent normal exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis and assessed through a score system. The clinical and radiographic results did not show statistically significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The statistical analysis of the histological assessment revealed statistically significant difference for pulpal inflammation between groups I (FC) and IV (LLLT+CH), with the least degree of pulpal inflammation for group IV (LLLT+CH). Concerning to the collagen fibers, hard tissue barrier and odontoblastic layer, there were differences between groups I (FC) and II (CH), and between groups II (CH) and III (LLLT+ZOE). Group II (CH) showed dense collagen fibers, hard tissue barrier and odontoblastic layer. Groups I (FC) and III (LLLT+ZOE), and groups I (FC) and IV (LLLT+CH), presented statistically significant difference for internal resorption. Group I (FC) displayed the greatest internal resorption rate. There was not statistically significant difference among groups for pulpal vitality, amount of vessels, pulpal calcification and connective tissue. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to know that Low-Level Laser therapy with Calcium Hydroxide exhibited clinical and radiographic effects more satisfactory, and the best histological effects compared with the other groups studied. Therefore, it is suggested that Low-Level Laser therapy with Calcium Hydroxide can be considered as an alternative technique for the pulpotomy of human primary teeth.

Avaliar a ocorrência de dislipidemias e doenças cardiovasculares em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Este estudo, seccional e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, avaliou a ocorrência de dislipidemias e outros fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em 84 pacientes portadores do HIV. Os resultados mostraram que, além das dislipidemias, outros fatores de risco estão presentes no cotidiano desses pacientes, como é o caso do sedentarismo, tabagismo, uso de bebidas alcoólicas e hipertensão arterial. Assim, conclui-se que as alterações metabólicas elevam o risco de complicações cardiovasculares, colocando os pacientes em contato com novos problemas, cujo manejo adequado constitui grande desafio aos pesquisadores e clínicos que tratam pacientes infectados pelo HIV com drogas antirretrovirais.

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TNFa–e microsatellites and the promoter region (TNF-308 and TNF-238) in HIV/AIDS-infected patients presenting or not lipodystrophy syndrome (LS). The design is the genetic case–control association study. Microsatellite and the TNF promoter region polymorphisms were amplified by PCR and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotypes and allele frequencies for 67 HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy were compared with 50 HIV-positive patients with no evidence of lipodystrophy and with 131 healthy HIV-negative individuals. The presence of the TNFa5 allele could provide HIV/AIDS patients with protection against developing LS. The presence of TNF-308G allele, as well as of its homozygote TNF-308GG, were associated with susceptibility to developing LS. In addition, the presence of the haplotype TNFe3-d3–238G–308A-c1-a5–b7 suggests protection against developing that syndrome. This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with LS development in HIV/AIDS patients.

Lima HR, Gelani V, Fernandes AP, Gasparoto TH, Torres SA, Santos CF, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Campanelli AP. The essential role of toll like receptor-4 in the control of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 248–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01531.x. Abstract Objective: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral Gram-negative bacterium that contributes to periodontitis progression. Isolated antigens from A. actinomycetemcomitans could be activating innate immune cells through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we evaluated the role of TLR4 in the control of A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Material and Methods: We examined the mechanisms that modulate the outcome of A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease in TLR4−/− mice. The production of cytokines was evaluated by ELISA. The bacterial load was determined by counting the number of colony-forming units per gram of tissue. Results: The results showed that TLR4-deficient mice developed less severe periodontitis after A. actinomycetemcomitans infection, characterized by significantly lower bone loss and inflammatory cell migration to periodontal tissues. However, the absence of TLR4 facilitated the A. actinomycetemcomitans dissemination. Myeloperoxidase activity was diminished in the periodontal tissue of TLR4−/− mice. We observed a significant reduction in the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the periodontal tissue of TLR4−/− mice. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the role of TLR4 in controlling A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.

Embora existam vários mecanismos propostos, o papel das moléculas de histocompatibilidade na susceptibilidade ao DM1 ainda não está totalmente esclarecido. Existem várias evidências de que o número de células apresentadoras de antígenos e a densidade de expressão das moléculas de histocompatibilidade nessas células pode influenciar o resultado da resposta imune. Assim, neste estudo, foram avaliadas as porcentagens das células CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ e CD14+, coexpressando as moléculas de histocompatibilidade de classe I e II, a densidade de expressão das moléculas de histocompatibilidade de classe I e II nessas populações linfomonocitárias e a correlação entre densidade de expressão dessas moléculas com o perfil imunogenético do DM1. Para esse fim, foram avaliados 20 pacientes com DM1, recentemente diagnosticados, metabolicamente compensados, sendo 12 do sexo masculino. Como controles, foram avaliados 20 indivíduos saudáveis, pareados com os pacientes em termos de idade, sexo e raça, procedentes da mesma região geográfica dos pacientes. A densidade de expressão das moléculas HLA nas diversas subpopulações linfomonocitárias foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo. Os marcadores imunogenéticos foram tipados utilizando-se iniciadores de oligonucleotídeos seqüência específicos. Os resultados foram analisados usando o teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney U. Foi observado aumento da densidade de expressão das moléculas de histocompatibilidade de classe I em linfócitos T CD3+, CD4+ e CD8+ de pacientes com DM1 quando comparados aos controles. Em relação às moléculas HLA de classe II, o número e a porcentagem dos linfócitos T CD4+, coexpressando as moléculas HLA-DQ de pacientes estavam diminuídos em relação aos controles. Os resultados referentes à correlação do perfil genotípico dos pacientes revelam que pacientes portadores dos alelos HLA-DQB1*02 apresentaram diminuição no número e porcentagem das células CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ e CD14+ coexpressando as moléculas HLA-DQ, e ainda, o aumento da densidade de expressão da molécula HLA-DQ nas células CD19+, em relação aos pacientes sem esses alelos. Pacientes com o alelo HLA-DQB1*0302 apresentaram aumento do número de células CD14+ e CD19+ coexpressando as moléculas HLA-DQ, e ainda, o aumento da densidade de expressão dessas molécula nas células CD14+ em relação aos pacientes negativos para esse alelo. Além da instabilidade de ligação dos peptídeos com as moléculas de susceptibilidade ao DM1, este estudo reafirma a importância da densidade de expressão das moléculas de classe II na susceptibilidade ao DM1. Althougth the role of MHC molecules in the susceptibility to DM1 has not been elucidated, the density of MHC molecules on cell surface may influence the outcome of the immune response. In this study, the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells coexpressing MHC class I and II, and the correlation between the density of MHC molecules and the immunogenetic profile of DM1 patients were studied. A total of 20 recently diagnosed patients (12 males) and 20 control individuals matched to the patients in terms of age, sex and race were studied. MHC molecules on cell sufaces were evaluated using flow cytometry. MHC aleles were typed using sequence specific probes. Statistical analysis was performed by the non-parametric Mann Whitney-U test. Increased expression of MHC class I molecules was observed in patients T CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells in relation to controls. The number and porcentage of double-positive CD4+/HLA-DQ+ cells were significantly decreased in patients. Compared to DM1 patients who were not typed as HLA-DQB1*02, DM1 patients typed as HLA-DQB1*02 exhibited decreased numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells expressing HLA-DQ molecules, whereas the density of HLA-molecules was increased in CD19+ cells. Compared to non-HLA-DQB1*0302 patients, those typed as HLA-DQB1*0302 presented increased number of CD14+ and CD19+ cells expressing HLA-DQ molecules. Besides the instability of peptide ligation with susceptibility molecules, this study stresses the relevance of the density of MHC class II molecules on the susceptibility to DM1.

INTRODUCTION: Emergent and re-emergent waterborne protozoans have become a worldwide public health problem, especially among vulnerable groups. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 17 HIV-infected children and their families. RESULTS: A high (76.5%) percentage of parasite-infected children was observed, even among children with CD4+ T-cell counts of >200 cells/mm3. Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. were observed in 41.2% of these children Low income, poor hygiene practices, and co-infection in domestic, peridomestic and scholastic environments were significant sources of these intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and socio-educational interventions may improve the health conditions of this vulnerable population.