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A principal doença da cultura do arroz é a brusone, causada pelo fungo Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., que pode apresentar variabilidade genética tanto entre cepas isoladas de diferentes locais ou lesões quanto entre cepas oriundas de uma mesma lesão, indicando o potencial mutativo desse fungo. Por meio de Rep-PCR, baseada no elemento repetitivo Pot-2, foi levantada a variabilidade genética de 64 isolados de P. griseaoriginados de lesões de seis panículas de arroz ‘Epagri 108’. Não houve diferenças genéticas intralesão, porém houve varia bilidade genética interlesão para isolados de uma das panículas, que apresentaram três padrões moleculares distintos, indicando a coexistência, em um mesmo genótipo de arroz, de várias cepas do fungo. Isto pode ter implicações em levantamentos de ocorrência de raças, bem como em trabalhos de melhoramento genético da cultura do arroz para resistência à brusone.

ABSTRACT Objective This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the spinal cord trauma at a regional hospital that is a Unified Health System (SUS) reference in Orthopedics and Traumatology, considering epidemiological data and comparing treatments and hospitalization costs. Methods This study is a retrospective, analytical-descriptive, exploratory documental analysis, using data from the medical records of patients treated for spinal cord trauma during 2016 at the São José Municipal Hospital (Joinville, SC). Results Twenty-three patients were included in the study, 20 of whom (87%) were male. As to etiology, traffic accidents accounted for 47.8% of the cases and gunshot wounds were in second place with 26.1% of the injuries. The correlation between the cost of hospitalization and the days of hospitalization was statistically significant (p = 0.013), as was the correlation between the cost of hospitalization and the number of procedures (p = 0.000). Conclusions Surgical treatment demands greater amounts of financial and human resources. The purpose of this study is to provide local epidemiological data to encourage discussion about other studies, as well as planning for resource allocation and public policy. Level of evidence II; Retrospective Study.

Existe uma crescente evidência de que a interação entre indivíduo e meio urbano tem relevância na satisfação. Diversas publicações têm abordado a satisfação residencial, porém, há poucos estudos no Brasil sobre os fatores do meio urbano que a influenciam sob a perspectiva do gênero. Neste sentido, questiona-se: são as percepções de satisfação de homens e mulheres em relação ao bairro significativamente distintas? Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender se existem diferenças na percepção de satisfação com o bairro em relação ao gênero do indivíduo, e quais são elas. A pesquisa adotou o método survey para coleta de dados, e análises multivariadas como técnica de análise dos dados. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando 316 amostras das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram selecionadas 37 variáveis relacionadas ao meio urbano e à satisfação com o bairro, tendo como variável discriminante o gênero. Em geral, a satisfação com o bairro entre homens está relacionada à existência de atividades culturais, bom comércio e vagas de estacionamento. Para as mulheres, relaciona-se a outros fatores, como boas escolas, aparência do entorno e segurança. A pesquisa contribui para um melhor entendimento sobre as necessidades de homens e mulheres no meio urbano.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reliability, response capacity and validity of four scales for low back pain and correlate these scales with each other and the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (SACQ). Methods: We evaluated the psychometric properties of four previously selected scales for low back pain: the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Quebec Back Pain Questionnaire (QBPDS), the Waddell Disability Index (WDI) and the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) and Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (SACQ) comorbidity scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Reliability and internal consistency were measured by Cronbach's alpha. Validity was measured through correlation of the scales with the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire comorbidity scale and an analysis of the structural equations between them. Results: The scales showed adequate indicators based on the factor structure and showed Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values above 0.90. After the exploratory factor analysis, all scales showed fit indicators suited to a factor model, following the same pattern as the original validations. Similarly, they showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha greater than .78). The only scale that showed factor loadings suggesting the exclusion of any item was the Roland-Morris. In terms of validity, the scales showed positive correlation coefficients similar to the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire and between them. Conclusion: Regarding the scales evaluated, they showed similar indications of reliability and internal consistency, such that we did not find sufficient evidence to indicate one scale over another. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies – Investigation of a diagnostic test.

Each individual experience the environment differently. For participants of the research, nine images of an environment were presented, aiming to identify whether the user perceptions on the environmental characteristics influence his feelings and are different according to gender.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar como as variações das características dos espaços internos associados à visão influenciam o conforto perceptivo do indivíduo. Ao perceber um ambiente, cada indivíduo o faz de maneira distinta, sendo assim, foi possível avaliar como as características do ambiente podem influenciar os usuários em relação à percepção do espaço. Para essa avaliação, foi elaborado um experimento que buscou associar diferentes características do ambiente construído aos afetos positivos e negativos da escala PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). O experimento consistiu em expor imagens aos respondentes que, ao observarem as características de projeto apresentadas nas imagens, associavam sua percepção do ambiente aos sentimentos relacionados. Os resultados indicaram que as variações nas características do ambiente têm forte influência na percepção dos indivíduos. As características que trouxeram maior conforto e sentimentos relacionados aos afetos positivos foram a maior incidência de iluminação natural, a utilização de pé-direito alto e o uso de cor “fria”. Já as características antagônicas a estas, apresentaram um efeito sobre os sentimentos de afetos negativos de uma maneira quase que inversamente proporcional.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different peak wavelengths (450nm, 468nm and 490nm) of experimental LEDs on hardness, elastic modulus, degree of conversion and temperature rise of a microhybrid resin composite – Venus® (Heraeus Kulzer). Hardness and elastic modulus were determined by nanoindentation technique (n=5), degree of conversion was measured by FTIR (n=5) and temperature rise was measured with a thermistor (n=30). Data were submitted to ANOVA and multiple comparisons tests (α=0.05). Mechanical properties and degree of conversion (p

Apesar da importância de praticar o atendimento de saúde baseado em evidências, os cirurgiões ortopedistas têm direcionado poucos esforços para gerar essas evidências. Mesmo quando presente, a evidência publicada é falha quanto ao rigor metodológico e sabe-se que é imprecisa. Um dos principais motivos para a falta de geração de evidências de qualidade é o baixo envolvimento dos cirurgiões ortopedistas na pesquisa e a falta de ambientes de treinamento estruturados em pesquisa, onde eles possam aprender conceitos, assim como aprimorar suas habilidades em pesquisa. Existe a necessidade de uma abordagem objetiva que possa equipar os cirurgiões ortopedistas com métodos eficientes para transitarem da pesquisa para a escrita. Descrevemos um programa pragmático de treinamento em pesquisa, planejado e desenvolvido pelo grupo de Pesquisa sobre Pesquisa, que visa montar uma rede global de pesquisadores ortopedistas treinados em métodos de pesquisa funcionais e padronizados. Também fornecemos um rápido panorama sobre os princípios do curso e suas ferramentas, assim como plataformas usadas nesse programa.Despite the importance of delivering evidence-based health care, orthopedic surgeons have directed fewer efforts towards the generation of such evidence. Even when present, published evidence lacks methodological rigor and is known to be inaccurate. One of the main reasons for the lack of generation of quality evidence, and the low involvement in research among orthopedic surgeons, is the lack of structured research coaching environments where they can learn concepts and hone their research skills. There is a palpable need for a pragmatic and outcome-oriented approach that can equip orthopedic surgeons with effective ways of communicating their research in writing. We describe a pragmatic research coaching program, designed and developed by the Research on Research group, which aims to build a global network of orthopedic researchers trained in streamlined and standardized research methods. We also provide a brief overview of the course principles and tools, and the platforms used in this program.

The validation of widely used scales facilitates the comparison across international patient samples. The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Simple Shoulder Test into Brazilian Portuguese. Also we test the stability of factor analysis across different cultures.The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Simple Shoulder Test into Brazilian Portuguese. Also we test the stability of factor analysis across different cultures.The Simple Shoulder Test was translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese, translated back into English, and evaluated for accuracy by an expert committee. It was then administered to 100 patients with shoulder conditions. Psychometric properties were analyzed including factor analysis, internal reliability, test-retest reliability at seven days, and construct validity in relation to the Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36).Factor analysis demonstrated a three factor solution. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. Test-retest reliability index as measured by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.84. Associations were observed in the hypothesized direction with all subscales of SF-36 questionnaire.The Simple Shoulder Test translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian-Portuguese demonstrated adequate factor structure, internal reliability, and validity, ultimately allowing for its use in the comparison with international patient samples.

BackgroundAlthough scientific innovation has been a long-standing topic of interest for historians, philosophers and cognitive scientists, few studies in biomedical research have examined from researchers' perspectives how high impact publications are developed and why they are consistently produced by a small group of researchers. Our objective was therefore to interview a group of researchers with a track record of high impact publications to explore what mechanism they believe contribute to the generation of high impact publications.Methodology/principal findingsResearchers were located in universities all over the globe and interviews were conducted by phone. All interviews were transcribed using standard qualitative methods. A Grounded Theory approach was used to code each transcript, later aggregating concept and categories into overarching explanation model. The model was then translated into a System Dynamics mathematical model to represent its structure and behavior. Five emerging themes were found in our study. First, researchers used heuristics or rules of thumb that came naturally to them. Second, these heuristics were reinforced by positive feedback from their peers and mentors. Third, good communication skills allowed researchers to provide feedback to their peers, thus closing a positive feedback loop. Fourth, researchers exhibited a number of psychological attributes such as curiosity or open-mindedness that constantly motivated them, even when faced with discouraging situations. Fifth, the system is dominated by randomness and serendipity and is far from a linear and predictable environment. Some researchers, however, took advantage of this randomness by incorporating mechanisms that would allow them to benefit from random findings. The aggregation of these themes into a policy model represented the overall expected behavior of publications and their impact achieved by high impact researchers.ConclusionsThe proposed selection mechanism provides insights that can be translated into research coaching programs as well as research policy models to optimize the introduction of high impact research at a broad scale among institutional and governmental agencies.

BackgroundThe inherent complexity of statistical methods and clinical phenomena compel researchers with diverse domains of expertise to work in interdisciplinary teams, where none of them have a complete knowledge in their counterpart's field. As a result, knowledge exchange may often be characterized by miscommunication leading to misinterpretation, ultimately resulting in errors in research and even clinical practice. Though communication has a central role in interdisciplinary collaboration and since miscommunication can have a negative impact on research processes, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet explored how data analysis specialists and clinical researchers communicate over time.Methods/principal findingsWe conducted qualitative analysis of encounters between clinical researchers and data analysis specialists (epidemiologist, clinical epidemiologist, and data mining specialist). These encounters were recorded and systematically analyzed using a grounded theory methodology for extraction of emerging themes, followed by data triangulation and analysis of negative cases for validation. A policy analysis was then performed using a system dynamics methodology looking for potential interventions to improve this process. Four major emerging themes were found. Definitions using lay language were frequently employed as a way to bridge the language gap between the specialties. Thought experiments presented a series of "what if" situations that helped clarify how the method or information from the other field would behave, if exposed to alternative situations, ultimately aiding in explaining their main objective. Metaphors and analogies were used to translate concepts across fields, from the unfamiliar to the familiar. Prolepsis was used to anticipate study outcomes, thus helping specialists understand the current context based on an understanding of their final goal.Conclusion/significanceThe communication between clinical researchers and data analysis specialists presents multiple challenges that can lead to errors.

Abstract Objective Translated and validated outcome instruments are of great importance, since they can be used for researchers studying different populations with the same problem. The objective of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The HOOS was translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese, translated back into English, and submitted to an experts committee. It was administered to 100 patients with hip osteoarthritis. The psychometric evaluation included factor analysis; internal reliability measures, test-retest reliability at 7 days, and construct validity comparison with the Brazilian version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). Results Factor analyses demonstrated a five-factor solution. The test-retest reliability showed a high degree of internal consistency for the five subscales (pain and physical difficulties, 0.97 at baseline and 0.93 at 7 days; pain and difficulty sitting, lying down and getting up, 0.93 at baseline and 0.89 at 7 days; difficulty flexing the knee, 0.92 at baseline and 0.83 at 7 days; difficulty walking, 0.88 at baseline and 0.87 at 7 days; quality of life, 0.80 at baseline and 0.35 at 7 days). The construct validity was established during the comparison of the Brazilian version of the GCPS. Conclusions A Brazilian version of the HOOS was developed with adequate reliability and validity. It will facilitate evaluation of the hip within a large patient population and across cultures.

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with comminuted distal radius fractures treated with an external fixator or a dorsal bridge plate. Methods In total, 45 patients were analyzed 1 year after surgery; 18 were treated with an external fixator, and 25 received a dorsal bridge plate. An analog pain scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were applied, in addition to radiographic, strength and range of motion assessments. Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Results Fractures were more common in women over 60 years old who suffered falls from their own height. Both methods demonstrated similar functional and radiological results. Infections were more prevalent in patients receiving external fixators, but their residual grip strength was better. Reflex sympathetic neuropathy was more common in subjects treated with a dorsal bridge plate. Conclusion Our analysis showed no consensus on the superiority of one method over the other. Each method had advantages and disadvantages, but both led to good, similar outcomes. The treatment must be chosen according to the profile of the trauma, the patient's clinical conditions, the surgeon's experience, and the availability of materials.