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1. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Max Aker, Konrad Altenmüller, Marius Arenz, Woo-Jeong Baek, John Barrett, Armen Beglarian, Jan Behrens, Anatoly Berlev, Uwe Besserer, Klaus Blaum, Fabian Block, Steffen Bobien, Beate Bornschein, Lutz Bornschein, Heiko Bouquet, Tim Brunst, Thomas S. Caldwell, Suren Chilingaryan, Wonqook Choi, Karol Debowski, Marco Deffert, Martin Descher, Deseada Díaz Barrero, Peter J. Doe, Otokar Dragoun, Guido Drexlin, Stephan Dyba, Frank Edzards, Klaus Eitel, Enrico Ellinger, Ralph Engel, Sanshiro Enomoto, Dieter Eversheim, Mariia Fedkevych, Arne Felden, Joseph A. Formaggio, Florian M. Fränkle, Gregg B. Franklin, Heinz Frankrone, Fabian Friedel, Dominik Fuchs, Alexander Fulst, Kevin Gauda, Woosik Gil, Ferenc Glück, Steffen Grohmann, Robin Grössle, Rainer Gumbsheimer, Moritz Hackenjos, Volker Hannen, Julius Hartmann, Norman Haußmann, Martin Ha-Minh, Florian Heizmann, Johannes Heizmann, Klaus Helbing, Stephanie Hickford, David Hillesheimer, Dominic Hinz, Thomas Höhn, Bernhard Holzapfel, Siegfried Holzmann, Thibaut Houdy, Mark A. Howe, Anton Huber, Alexander Jansen, Christian Karl, Jonas Kellerer, Norbert Kernert, Luke Kippenbrock, Manuel Klein, Christoph Köhler, Leonard Köllenberger, Andreas Kopmann, Marc Korzeczek, Alojz Kovalík, Bennet Krasch, Holger Krause, Benedikt Kuffner, Norbert Kunka, Thierry Lasserre, Luisa La Cascio, Ondřej Lebeda, Manuel Lebert, Björn Lehnert, Johann Letnev, Fabian Leven, Thanh-Long Le, Steffen Lichter, Alexey Lokhov, Moritz Machatschek, Emma Malcherek, Martin Mark, Alexander Marsteller, Eric L. Martin, Fotios Megas, Christin Melzer, Alexander Menshikov, Susanne Mertens, Matthias Meier, Sebastian Mirz, Benjamin Monreal, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Klaus Müller, Uwe Naumann, Holger Neumann, Simon Niemes, Mathias Noe, Andreas Off, Hans-Werner Ortjohann, Alexander Osipowicz, Ernst Otten, Diana S. Parno, Anna Pollithy, Alan W. P. Poon, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, Florian Priester, Philipp C.-O. Ranitzsch, Oliver Rest, Rolf Rinderspacher, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Caroline Rodenbeck, Petra Rohr, Marco Röllig, Carsten Röttele, Miloš Ryšavý, Rudolf Sack, Alejandro Saenz, Peter Schäfer, Lutz Schimpf, Klaus Schlösser, Magnus Schlösser, Lisa Schlüter, Michael Schrank, Bruno Schulz, Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk, Waldemar Seller, Valérian Sibille, Daniel Siegmann, Martin Slezák, Felix Spanier, Markus Steidl, Madlen Steven, Michael Sturm, Manfred Suesser, Menglei Sun, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Helmut H. Telle, Larisa A. Thorne, Thomas Thümmler, Nikita Titov, Igor Tkachev, Nikolaus Trost, Korbinian Urban, Kathrin Valerius, Drahoslav Vénos, Reiner Vianden, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, Marc Weber, Christian Weinheimer, Christiane Weiss, Stefan Welte, Jürgen Wendel, John F. Wilkerson, Joachim Wolf, Sascha Wüstling, Weiran Xu, Yung-Ruey Yen, Sergey Zadorozhny, and Genrich Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$ β -decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$ 0.2eV ($$90\%$$ 90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2020
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2. Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy

Author

Max Aker, Konrad Altenmüller, Armen Beglarian, Jan Behrens, Anatoly Berlev, Uwe Besserer, Benedikt Bieringer, Klaus Blaum, Fabian Block, Beate Bornschein, Lutz Bornschein, Matthias Böttcher, Tim Brunst, Thomas C. Caldwell, Suren Chilingaryan, Wonqook Choi, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Karol Debowski, Marco Deffert, Martin Descher, Peter J. Doe, Otokar Dragoun, Guido Drexlin, Stephan Dyba, Frank Edzards, Klaus Eitel, Enrico Ellinger, Ralph Engel, Sanshiro Enomoto, Mariia Fedkevych, Arne Felden, Joseph F. Formaggio, Florian Fränkle, Gregg B. Franklin, Fabian Friedel, Alexander Fulst, Kevin Gauda, Woosik Gil, Ferenc Glück, Robin Größle, Rainer Gumbsheimer, Volker Hannen, Norman Haußmann, Klaus Helbing, Stephanie Hickford, Roman Hiller, David Hillesheimer, Dominic Hinz, Thomas Höhn, Thibaut Houdy, Anton Huber, Alexander Jansen, Christian Karl, Jonas Kellerer, Luke Kippenbrock, Manuel Klein, Christoph Köhler, Leonard Köllenberger, Andreas Kopmann, Marc Korzeczek, Alojz Kovalík, Bennet Krasch, Holger Krause, Luisa La Cascio, Thierry Lasserre, Thanh-Long Le, Ondřej Lebeda, Bjoern Lehnert, Alexey Lokhov, Moritz Machatschek, Emma Malcherek, Alexander Marsteller, Eric L. Martin, Matthias Meier, Christin Melzer, Susanne Mertens, Klaus Müller, Simon Niemes, Patrick Oelpmann, Alexander Osipowicz, Diana S. Parno, Alan W.P. Poon, Jose M. Lopez Poyato, Florian Priester, Oliver Rest, Marco Röllig, Carsten Röttele, R.G. Hamish Robertson, Caroline Rodenbeck, Milos Ryšavỳ, Rudolf Sack, Alejandro Saenz, Peter Schäfer, Anna Schaller (née Pollithy), Lutz Schimpf, Klaus Schlösser, Magnus Schlösser, Lisa Schlüter, Michael Schrank, Bruno Schulz, Michal Sefčík, Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk, Valérian Sibille, Daniel Siegmann, Martin Slezák, Felix Spanier, Markus Steidl, Michael Sturm, Menglei Sun, Helmut H. Telle, Larisa A. Thorne, Thomas Thümmler, Nikita Titov, Igor Tkachev, Drahoš Vénos, Kathrin Valerius, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, Marc Weber, Christian Weinheimer, Christiane Weiss, Stefan Welte, Jürgen Wendel, John F. Wilkerson, Joachim Wolf, Sascha Wüstling, Weiran Xu, Yung-Ruey Yen, Sergey Zadoroghny, and Genrich Zeller

Subjects
Raman spectroscopy, tritium, gas composition monitoring, KATRIN, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment’s windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium—one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations cx for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10−3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, εT, is derived with precision of −3 and trueness of −3, being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively.

Published
2020
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3. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Kathrin Valerius, B. Lehnert, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Felix Spanier, J. F. Wilkerson, A. Off, Fotios Megas, C. Weiss, B. Schulz, Manuel Lebert, R. Grössle, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, K. Helbing, A. Huber, Martin Ha-Minh, Weiran Xu, Siegfried Holzmann, G. B. Franklin, Johann Letnev, L. Köllenberger, Marius Arenz, F. M. Fränkle, M. Steidl, E. L. Martin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, P. J. Doe, A. Kovalík, S. Dyba, K. Debowski, F. Edzards, N. Trost, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Reiner Vianden, M. Descher, M. Hackenjos, L. Schimpf, Miloš Ryšavý, Norbert Kunka, Thomas Thümmler, D. Fuchs, Heinz Frankrone, A. Jansen, M. Aker, P. Schäfer, W. Q. Choi, Heiko Bouquet, K. Eitel, Fabian Leven, C. Rodenbeck, F. Heizmann, L. Schlüter, Y.-R. Yen, K. Urban, B. Krasch, Thierry Lasserre, O. Rest, L. A. Thorne, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, Sebastian Mirz, M. Fedkevych, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, N. Titov, Rolf Rinderspacher, John E. Barrett, Guido Drexlin, M. Korzeczek, Anna Pollithy, Susanne Mertens, M. Klein, Holger Neumann, A. Osipowicz, Sanshiro Enomoto, R. Sack, Magnus Schlösser, C. Melzer, Alexey Lokhov, T. L. Le, Benedikt Kuffner, Bernhard Holzapfel, Petra Rohr, K. Gauda, A. Felden, N. Haußmann, U. Besserer, G. P. Zeller, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, Drahoslav Vénos, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Christian Weinheimer, Daniel Siegmann, Diana Parno, C. Karl, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, A. I. Berlev, Steffen Bobien, Luisa La Cascio, Ernst W. Otten, K. Schlösser, K. Altenmüller, Igor Tkachev, J. Wendel, Johannes Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Martin Mark, Uwe Naumann, Steffen Grohmann, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, S. V. Zadorozhny, Julius Hartmann, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, Volker Hannen, Manfred Suesser, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, T. Höhn, A. Beglarian, Ondřej Lebeda, Matthias Meier, Stefan Welte, Alejandro Saenz, Suren Chilingaryan, Beate Bornschein, Madlen Steven, Sascha Wüstling, H. H. Telle, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, Mathias Noe, M. Machatschek, Steffen Lichter, Thomas S. Caldwell, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, E. Ellinger, D. Eversheim, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Woo-Jeong Baek, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Waldemar Seller, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, A. Menshikov, W. Gil, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Block, A. W. P. Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, antineutrino/e: mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Mass scale, ddc:530, Electron Capture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tritium, Química, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, ddc, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, Neutrino Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electron neutrino, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, experimental results
Abstract

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$β-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$0.2eV ($$90\%$$90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2019

4. Detection of vertical muons with the HAWC water Cherenkov detectors and its application to gamma/hadron discrimination

Author

Hermes Leon Vargas, Aldo Miranda, Jesús J. Risueño Martínez, Luils Alberto Hernández, Ruben Alfaro, Ernesto Belmont, Andres Sandoval, Ariel Zúñiga, and Ana P. Vizcaya

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, COSMIC cancer database, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, Orders of magnitude (time), Observatory, Light emission, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Event (particle physics), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The HAWC observatory reconstructs atmospheric showers induced by very high-energy primary cosmic- or gamma-rays. Cosmic-rays with hadronic nature are several orders of magnitude more frequent than primary gammas and therefore it is necessary to perform the best gamma-hadron discrimination for each event to be able to survey the gamma-ray sky. Single vertical muons cause very characteristic signals in the 300 HAWC detectors. Particularly, those events that produce signals in the four PMTs of a tank corresponding to muons traversing the tank in the central region. In such cases exist the correlation that the largest signal is also the earliest to arrive, this due to the geometry of the Cherenkov light emission and the fact that relativistic muons travel faster than the light in the medium. This pattern is different from that of electrons, positrons and low energy gammas showering in the first meter of the tank water, which is typical of electromagnetic showers. In this work, we explored whether in air-showers it is possible to identify muon signals and whether this can help in the gamma/hadron discrimination of the recorded events., Comment: Presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea. See arXiv:1708.02572 for all HAWC contributions

Published
2017
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