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This study aimed to examine the effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (vitE) supplementation on blood cell counts and blood metabolite concentrations in goats and their kids. Fifteen Saanen goats (average age 6 years of age; average initial body weight of 70 ± 10 kg) and 21 ½ Saanen × ½ Pardo Alpine crossbred goat kids (average body weight of 3.70 ± 0.64 kg) were used. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replicates per diet for mother goats and seven for goat kids and randomly assigned into three groups in the following diets: CON, control basal diet; Se, inclusion of 3.2 mg of Se/kg DM; SevitE, inclusion of 3.2 mg Se/kg DM and 1145 IU/day vitE/kg DM. Effects of time were observed on red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in goats and goat kids. Effects of time were observed on differential counts of leucocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in goat kids. Interaction was observed for high-density lipoprotein and total protein in goats and for triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in goat kids. Effects of time were observed on low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, BHBA, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), creatinine, aspartate-aminotransferase, and GGT in goats and all blood metabolites in goat kids. Selenium, vitE, or association in the evaluated levels are not sufficient to change blood cell counts when supplied in diets for goats or goat kids. However, the effect of time or interaction between time and diets change the blood metabolite concentrations in the animals.

Pasteurella spp. have been identified predominantly in the oral microbiota of domestic cats. However, Pasteurella spp. was significantly more prevalent in cats with inflammatory oral disease; and consequently, it was considered as part of the etiology in this disease. In addition, in animals, Pasteurella spp. have become increasingly resistant to a large number of antimicrobials. Natural products, especially essential oils, could contribute to minimizing this issue. This study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of six essential oils against Pasteurella spp. isolates from the oral cavity of domestic cats. Our results showed that essential oils with better antimicrobial effectiveness against most of the Pasteurella isolates were lemongrass, tea tree and clove, with inhibition values between 50 to 800 µg mL-1. All essential oils showed bacteriostatic activity against the species of Pasteurella isolated from the domestic cats. These results suggested that lemongrass, tea tree and clove oils have potential to be used in products for oral hygiene and treatment of oral infections in domestic cats. RESUMO: O gênero Pasteurella spp., considerado um comensal da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos, vem sendo, nos últimos anos, apontado como possível agente etiológico de quadros inflamatórios crônicos bucais em felinos. Ademais, em animais, as espécies de Pasteurella têm apresentado cada vez mais resistência a um grande número de antimicrobianos de uso rotineiro. Nesse contexto, os produtos naturais, como óleos essenciais com potencial antimicrobiano tem sido alvo de estudos e apontados como alternativa terapêutica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) de seis óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp. oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos. Dos óleos essenciais testados, o capim-limão, tea tree, cravo e a camomila romana apresentaram ação bacteriostática frente aos isolados de Pasteurella spp. Contudo, os óleos de capim-limão, tea-tree e cravo apresentaram os melhores resultados, com valores de inibitórios entre 50 a 800 µg mL-1. Esses resultados sugerem que os óleos de capim-limão, tea tree e cravo têm potencial para serem utilizados como produtos para higiene bucal e para o tratamento de infecções da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos.

A obra, organizada por Ana Maria Centola Vidal e Arlindo Saran Netto, é um estudo, um verdadeiro manual sobre o leite, em que se aborda a produção, o processamento, a obtenção higiênica, a composição e a qualidade microbiológica desse rico alimento. Além disso, a pesquisa conta com informações das análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas, as tecnologias aplicadas e um fluxograma de produção do leite e derivados.

Background Infections caused by Shewanella spp. have been increasingly reported worldwide. The advances in genomic sciences have enabled better understanding about the taxonomy and epidemiology of this agent. However, the scarcity of DNA sequencing data is still an obstacle for understanding the genus and its association with infections in humans and animals. Results In this study, we report the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil using the boot sock method, as well as the resistance profile of this strain to antimicrobials. The isolate was first identified as Shewanella putrefaciens, but after whole-genome sequencing it showed greater similarity with Shewanella algae. The strain showed resistance to 46.7% of the antimicrobials tested, and 26 resistance genes were identified in the genome. Conclusions This report supports research made with Shewanella spp. and gives a step forward for understanding its taxonomy and epidemiology. It also highlights the risk of emerging pathogens with high resistance to antimicrobial formulas that are important to public health.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:38:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612020000500349.pdf: 659120 bytes, checksum: d553b493102e6cccb9837e4eccd4e86a (MD5) Spore forming bacteria can play an important role in food quality and safety as spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms due to resistance to heat-treatment. However, there are limited number of studies focused on evaluate the microbiological quality and the occurrence of these bacteria in UHT goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. In this context, 75 samples of these beverages were evaluated regarding heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms by conventional plate count and selective methods to detect microorganisms from Bacillus cereus group and Clostridium perfringens. Population counts greater than 104 CFU.ml-1 of heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms were observed in 80% of the lots of goat milk and 100% of the lots of soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. The presence of bacteria belonging to B. cereus group was observed in 16%, 52% and 44% of goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein, respectively. C. perfringens was isolated from 8% samples of UHT soymilk. The frequency of genes hblA, hblB, hblC, nheA, nheB, nheC in 29 isolates obtained from these products was 62%, 48.2%, 96.5%, 79.3%, 68.9% and 79.3%, respectively. The microbiological quality of the evaluated products was unsatisfactory. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – FCAV Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos – FZEA Universidade de São Paulo – USP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – FCAV Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2017000900931.pdf: 1733162 bytes, checksum: 105923995f1dc0331b5cd5384b561f9f (MD5) This study focused on assessing the prevalence, geospatial distribution and risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in cattle from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, through the years 2012 to 2015. The prevalence established was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014), with a higher detection of unviable cysticerci (84.80%). The municipalities of Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia D'Oeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá and Guajará-Mirim had higher risk (OR > 1; p < 0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence compared with the municipality of Castanheiras (OR=1). The Administrative Regions of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado D'Oeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná had higher risk (OR > 1; p < 0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence in the slaughtered animals than those reared in Ariquemes Administrative Region (OR=1). Some variables such as human population density (OR=2.15; 2.15-2.16), percentage of urban houses with inappropriate sewage system (OR=1.91, 1.91- .1.92) and percentage of inappropriate rural sewage system (OR=1.14, 1.14-1.14) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Rondônia was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014) and higher-risk areas were identified, providing useful information to Official Sanitary Inspection System in order to improve cysticercosis detection. Also, human population density and the lack of appropriate sewage system in urban and rural areas are closely related to bovine cysticercosis occurrence in this state. Fiscal Federal do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de acesso Paulo Castellane s/n Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA) Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (Unicastelo), Av. Hilário da Silva Passo 950 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de acesso Paulo Castellane s/n

This study focused on isolating Pseudomonas spp. during milking process in ten dairy farms with manual and mechanical milking systems during dry and rainy seasons, and evaluating DNA homology and patterns of distribution between isolates, in order to identify main sources of milk contamination by Pseudomonas spp. A total of 167 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were obtained from water, milkers’ hands, cows’ teats, teat cups, cooling tanks and raw milk. Bacteria of Pseudomonas spp. genus were isolated from 85 and 82 sampling points in dairy farms with manual and mechanical milking system, respectively. A significant difference (p=0.02) on Pseudomonas spp. isolation was observed among samples of surface of cows’ teats before and after pre-dipping, but no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed among milking systems or seasons. The possibility of the same Pseudomonas spp. patterns are distributed in different farms and seasons using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique was demonstrated. Milkers’ hands, surface of cows’ teats, teat cups and cooling tanks were associated with raw milk contamination with Pseudomonas spp. on farms with manual and mechanical milking system, showing that regardless of the type of milking system and season, proper hygiene procedures of equipment, utensils and workers’ hands are essential to avoid contamination of the milk and, therefore, improve milk quality. RESUMO: Este estudo se propôs a isolar Pseudomonas spp. durante o processo de ordenha em dez fazendas com sistemas manuais e mecanizados, durante as estações seca e chuvosa, além de avaliar a homologia do DNA e seus padrões de distribuição entre os isolados, a fim de se determinar as principais fontes de contaminação do leite. Cento e sessenta e sete isolados de Pseudomonas spp. foram obtidos a partir de amostras de água, mãos de ordenhadores, tetos, teteiras, tanques de resfriamento e leite cru armazenado, sendo 85 e 82 pontos de amostragem em fazendas com sistemas de ordenha manual e mecânico, respectivamente. Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre os isolados observados entre a superfície dos tetos antes e após o pré-dipping (p=0,02), mas nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre sistemas de ordenha ou estações (p>0,05). A possibilidade do mesmo padrão de Pseudomonas spp. estar distribuído em diferentes fazendas ou estações foi avaliada pela técnica de Polimorfismo do Tamanho de Fragmento Amplificado (AFLP). As mãos de ordenhadores, superfície dos tetos das vacas, teteiras e tanques de resfriamento foram associados com a contaminação do leite cru, demonstrando que independente do tipo de ordenha e estação, a higiene adequada de equipamentos, utensílios e mãos dos ordenhadores é essencial para evitar contaminação do leite, e consequentemente aumentar sua qualidade.

The Taenia saginata -cysticercosis complex is an important zoonosis for public health and an important cause of economical losses for beef supply chain in developing and industrialized countries. Despite some risk factors for high-occurrence areas have already been described, further studies are required to better understand its global epidemiology. So, this study focused on establishing the prevalence, spatial distribution and environmental and human population aspects correlated with bovine cysticercosis prevalence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To this, we used data of 7,415,998 animals slaughtered from all 79 municipalities located in this state. Cysticercosis prevalence showed spatial distribution dependence (Moran Index = 0.375, p = 0.01) and some areas presented higher risk. Positive correlations of bovine cysticercosis prevalence with human population density ( R = 0.5712, p = 3.85 e − 08) and rainfall index ( R = 0.631, p = 0.03) were observed. A negative correlation ( R = − 0.4637, p = 2.096 e − 05) with cattle population size was also established. These results highlight the importance of adopting sanitary measures to prevent environment contamination, besides other prophylactic measures like the treatment of human patients in order to reduce the Taenia saginata -cysticercosis complex occurrence.

The aim of this study was to verify the presence of lipolytic and proteolytic Pseudomonas spp. during milking and storage of refrigerated raw milk. We also intended to compare samples collected during rainy and dry seasons, from farms with manual and mechanical milking systems. For this, samples of milkers' hands, cows' teats, water, expansion tanks, equipment, and utensils used during milking were analyzed regarding Pseudomonas spp. count. Positive samples were tested for the production of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes. Microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from all sampling points. A higher isolation rate of the bacterium was found in the rainy season except for 6 sampling points, with all of these associated with mechanical milking systems. Pseudomonas spp. exhibiting lipolytic activity were found to be predominant during the dry season, since no activity was detected during the rainy season in 26 of the 29 sampling sites. The highest number of lipolytic Pseudomonas isolates was obtained from water. Presence of lipase-producing Pseudomonas spp. was verified in 7 and 36% of the samples collected from farms with manual and mechanical milking, respectively. When analyzing raw milk collected from expansion tanks immediately (0 h) and 24h after milking, we observed that for dairy properties with manual milking process, 10% of the Pseudomonas isolates were positive for lipolytic activity. The percentage increased to 12% 48h after milking. Mean averages were 32, 33, and 39% immediately after, 24 and 48h after milking, respectively, for farms with mechanical milking. All sampling points showed the presence of proteolytic strains of Pseudomonas . The highest proteolytic activity was found during the rainy season, except for the samples collected from milkers' hands before milking, buckets, and teat cup inner surfaces after milking and from the water in dairy farms with mechanical milking system. Of these samples, 72, 56, and 50%, respectively, were positive for proteolysis during the dry season. For the water samples, a statistical difference was observed between mechanical (50%) and manual (7%) milking systems in the percentage of proteolytic activity. No production of proteolytic enzyme was detected in the samples from milkers' hands taken after milking and no statistically significant difference was found among manual (19.91%) and mechanical (47.85%) milking. During the rainy months, no proteolysis was detected in the samples taken from cows' teats after the predipping. It is evident, therefore, that preventive measures capable of minimizing the contamination with Pseudomonas spp. during milking and storage of refrigerated raw milk are needed, regardless of season.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-05T04:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-28 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development The species of the Bacillus cereus group have the ability to adhere to and form biofilms on solid surfaces, including stainless steel, a material widely used in food industries. Biofilms allow for recontamination during food processing, and the clean-in-place (CIP) system is largely used by industries to control them. This study thus proposes to evaluate the efficacy of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite against biofilms induced on stainless-steel surfaces. The SAMN07414939 isolate (BioProject PRJNA390851), a recognized biofilm producer, was selected for biofilm induction on AISI 304 stainless steel. Biofilm induction was performed and classified into three categories: TCP (Tindalized, Contaminated, and Pasteurized milk), TCS (Tindalized milk Contaminated with Spores), and TCV (Tindalized milk Contaminated with Vegetative cells). Subsequently, the coupons were sanitized simulating a CIP procedure, on a pilot scale, using alkaline and acid solutions followed by disinfectants (peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite). Microorganism adhesion on the surfaces reached 6.3 x 10(5) to 3.1 x 10(7) CFU/cm(-2). Results did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) for surface adhesion between the three tested categories (TOP, TCS, and TCV) or (p > 0.05) between the two disinfectants (peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite). Microbial populations adhered to the stainless-steel coupons are equally reduced after treatment with peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, with no differences in the control of B. cereus s.s. biofilms on AISI 304 stainless-steel surfaces. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agrarian & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Vet Med, Sch Anim Sci & Food Engn, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agrarian & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2015/20874-0 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development: 2014/166512-1

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:32:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572018000100603.pdf: 288779 bytes, checksum: fe371e51f9dc9b1e5cea2e4519fa0a22 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Diversas espécies fazem parte do grupo de Bacillus cereus, desde algumas apatogênicas até outras com alta patogenicidade. Consistem em risco à saúde pública decorrentes de toxinfecções alimentares, além de causarem importantes perdas econômicas para as indústrias em virtude da produção de enzimas deteriorantes. O controle da contaminação em alimentos por esses micro-organismos é difícil, visto que são resistentes a vários tratamentos utilizados pelas indústrias. Assim, diante do exposto, esta revisão objetivou fornecer informações em relação aos aspectos genéticos desse grupo de bactérias e seus mecanismos de produção de toxinas, além de ressaltar a importância e as novas estratégias de controle para as companhias alimentícias e de laticínios. Bacillus cereus group includes not pathogenic and high pathogenic species. They are considered as a risk to public health due to foodborne diseases and as an important cause of economic losses to industries due to production of spoilage enzymes. Some researches have been performed in order to assess the possible factors that contribute to put public health into risk because of consumption of food contaminated with viable cells or toxins which have complex mechanisms of production. The control of these bacteria in food is difficult because they are resistant to several processes used in industries. Thus, in this way, this review focused on highlighting the risk due to toxins production by bacteria from B. cereus group in food and the consequences for food safety and dairy industries. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias FAPESP: 2014/13104-1; 2015/20874-0; 2016/19214-9

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:39:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572018000100401.pdf: 272511 bytes, checksum: 9af60192a5c559a257417d77f303042e (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Este estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de bactérias do grupo de Bacillus cereus em requeijões e especialidades lácteas (normais e light) e verificar se há diferença em relação a essa ocorrência entre as diferentes categorias desses produtos. Entre os 40 lotes avaliados, 14 (35%) estavam contaminados por bactérias desse grupo, com baixas contagens (máxima de 3,1 × 10 UFC/g) e sem diferenças significativas no que tange às contagens ou à presença/ausência entre as diversas categorias. Conclui-se que as bactérias do grupo de B. cereus em requeijões e especialidades lácteas são incapazes de consistir em risco aos consumidores desses produtos, desde que as condições de refrigeração sejam adequadas durante armazenamento e venda. O presente trabalho é o primeiro a relatar a presença de tal grupo de micro-organismos nesses tipos de produtos, porém, são necessários novos estudos para avaliar o impacto de sua ação deteriorante sobre o período em que passa na prateleira. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Bacillus cereus group in requeijões and especialidades lácteas tipo requeijão (regular and light) and to verify if there is differences in relation to this occurrence among different categories of these products. A set of 14 (35%) lots was contaminated with this bacterial group from the 40 lots with low counts (maximum 3.1 × 10 CFU/g), and no significant difference regarding counts or presence/absence were observed among the categories of the products. It can be concluded that contamination by B. cereus group in these products is unable to consist in risk to consumers, regarding adequate refrigeration during selling. This study was the first one to report this bacteria group for these dairy products and highlights the needs of further investigations to evaluate the impact of its spoilage during shelf life. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias FAPESP: 2014/21534-6

EnglishThe study aimed to evaluate the equipment Ekomilk Scan® as an alternative to somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. For this individual cow milk samples of various ages and different stages of lactation in northeastern state of Sao Paulo region were collected. The analyzes performed were divided into variables related to the equipment: repeatability and reproducibility, and variables that could influencing the results as: use of preservatives, temperature, time between collection and analysis, breed and milk composition, besides analysis to relate the Ekomilk Scan® with the standard method-direct microscopy and reference-flow cytometry. As the result, for samples analysis, it shouldn’t be added preservative and these should be conducted on the same day of collection; however, temperature sample did not significantly influence results. Furthermore, Ekomilk Scan® did not show good correlation of results with the method of direct microscopy; however, it was necessary to generate equations for a positive correlation between flow cytometry and Ekomilk Scan®. Therefore, it is concluded that the equipment tested is not accurate but it can be an alternative for SCC monitoring in productive units since it uses calibration equations of results. Key words: monitoring; udder health; alternative method; somatic cell count portuguesO estudo objetivou avaliar o equipamento Ekomilk Scan® como uma alternativa para a contagem de celulas somaticas (CCS) no leite. Para isso, foram colhidas amostras individuais de leite de vaca de varias idades em diferentes estagios de lactacao na regiao nordeste do estado de Sao Paulo. Foram realizadas analises referentes ao equipamento como repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade, e de variaveis que poderiam influenciar no resultado. Dentre elas: uso de conservante, temperatura, tempo entre a colheita e analise, raca e composicao do leite, alem de analises visando correlacionar o Ekomilk Scan® com o metodo padrao-microscopia direta e de referencia-citometria de fluxo. Como resultado, foi observado que para as analises das amostras nao se deve acrescentar conservante e estas devem ser realizadas no mesmo dia da colheita, porem a temperatura da amostra nao possui influencia significativa nos resultados. O Ekomilk Scan® nao demonstrou boa correlacao dos resultados com o metodo de microscopia direta e citometria de fluxo, sendo necessario gerar equacoes para uma correlacao positiva entre os metodos. Assim, conclui-se que o equipamento testado nao apresenta resultados precisos, contudo pode ser uma alternativa para o monitoramento da CCS em unidades produtivas desde que utilize equacoes de calibracao dos resultados. Palavras-chave: monitoramento; saude da glândula mamaria; metodo alternativo; contagem de celulas somaticas

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) University of Glasgow Wellcome Trust The aim of this study was to identify potential disease related proteins in milk whey of lactating buffaloes and blood serum of buffalo calves, in order to define a reference electrophoresis map for 1-DE and 2-DE. Additionally, changes in some protein patterns from buffalo calves during salmonellosis and lactating buffaloes during mastitis are presented. Milk samples were collected and distributed into groups: Milk samples from healthy buffaloes (SCC < 100.000 cells/ml, negative microbiology and CMT) (G1, n = 5) and buffaloes with subclinical mastitis (SCC > 500.000 cells/ml, positive microbiology and CMT) (G2, n = 5). Blood samples from buffalo calves (n = 6) were collected, and three calves were experimentally infected with Salmonella Dublin and samples analyzed before (M0) and 72 h after inoculation (M1). 1-DE was accomplished by loading 10 μg of TP into SDS-PAGE, stained with Coomassie blue. 2-DE was accomplished by loading 200 μg of TP into 11 cm, pH 3–10 non-linear IPG strips, followed by SDS-PAGE, stained with Coomassie blue. Protein bands/spots were excised, subjected to tryptic in-gel digestion and analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Protein identity was assigned using NCBI databases. After bands/spots from 1-DE and 2-DE were analyzed, a protein map with 35 and 40 different identified proteins in blood serum and milk whey, respectively, was generated. Significant changes in patterns of haptoglobin were observed in buffalo calves with salmonellosis and in patterns of IgLC, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin of lactating buffaloes during mastitis. The establishment of a protein map for 1-DE and 2-DE, identifying potential disease related proteins, can help to address alterations during diseases in buffaloes. Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP) Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Agriculture Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP) Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow Polyomics Facility College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP) FAPESP: 2008/50388-7 FAPESP: 2009/12350-0 FAPESP: 2012/10094-0 FAPESP: 2013/26498-5 Wellcome Trust: 097821/Z/11/Z

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The genomes of 262 Bacillus cereus isolates were analyzed including 69 isolates sampled from equipment, raw milk and dairy products from Brazil. The population structure of isolates showed strains belonging to known phylogenetic groups II, III, IV, V and VI. Almost all the isolates obtained from dairy products belonged to group III. Investigation of specific alleles revealed high numbers of isolates carrying toxin-associated genes including cytK (53.62%), hblA (59.42%), hblC (44.93%), hblD ( 53.62%), nheA (84.06%), nheB (89.86%) and nheC (84.06%) with isolates belonging to groups IV and V having significant higher prevalence of hblACD and group IV of CytK genes. Strains from dairy products had significantly lower prevalence of CytK and hblACD genes compared to isolates from equipment and raw milk/bulk tanks. Genes related to sucrose metabolism were detected at higher frequency in isolates obtained from raw milk compared to strains from equipment and utensils. The population genomic analysis demonstrated the diversity of strains and variability of putative function among B. cereus group isolates in Brazilian dairy production, with large numbers of strains potentially able to cause foodborne illness. This detailed information will contribute to targeted interventions to reduce milk contamination and spoilage associated with B. cereus in Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, FCAV, Via Acesso Paulo Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet, FZEA, Ave Duque de Caxias Norte 225, BR-13635900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, 4 South,Lab 0-39, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England Swansea Univ, Med Sch, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, FCAV, Via Acesso Paulo Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/13104-1 FAPESP: 2015/20874-0 FAPESP: 2016/19214-9

This study focused on assessing the microbiology of conveyor belts surfaces, cleaned or not with pressurized water, and verification of the influence of this process on the microbiological quality of poultry meat. A reduction on mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae counts (P

Objetivou-se determinar a frequencia de ocorrencia da cisticercose em carcacas suinas e bovinas em 56 abatedouros sobfiscalizacao do Servico de Inspecao do Estado de Sao Paulo (SISP) durante os anos 2008 a 2013. Para os 1.305.723 suinosabatidos no periodo foram detectados cisticercos em apenas 125 (0,01%) animais, dos quais 116 (92,80%) estavam calcificados.Determinou-se que dos 1.434.445 bovinos, 24.278 (1,69%) apresentaram cisticercos, dos quais 19.826 (81,67%) apresentavamsecalcificados. Tambem se observou uma relacao inversa (P < 0,05) entre as variaveis tempo e frequencia de ocorrencia. Amaior ocorrencia nessa especie evidencia que sao necessarias melhorias nas praticas sanitarias preventivas durante a criacaodesses animais, como a adocao das Boas Praticas Agropecuarias (BPA) para reduzir a ocorrencia da cisticercose a niveis baixosigualmente observados para os suinos.

A proteolise do leite e da bebida lactea UAT durante a estocagem e um dos fatores mais importantes na determinacao da validadecomercial desses. O teor de glicomacropeptideos (GMP) e um marcador das acoes proteoliticas no leite, pois e capaz de indicarindiretamente a integridade da κ-caseina. Assim, no presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a proteolise da κ-caseina do leite eda bebida lactea UAT ao longo do periodo de validade. Foram avaliadas 60 amostras de cinco diferentes marcas comerciais decada produto atraves do metodo espectrofotometrico para quantificacao de acido sialico. Para o leite UAT foi observado o intervaloentre 3,83 e 15,27 μg de acido sialico/mL no inicio do periodo de validade (D0), 5,95 a 17,16 μg de acido sialico/mL 60 dias aposo inicio do periodo (D60) e 6,54 a 21,11 μg de acido sialico/mL no final do periodo, ou seja, 120 dias apos (D120) a producao. Japara as bebidas lacteas foram observados intervalos entre 11,12 e 24,25; 15,74 e 24,73 e 17,19 e 26,49 μg de acido sialico/mLpara o dia inicial, 60 e 120 dias do periodo de validade, respectivamente. Os valores obtidos para o indice proteolitico do leite ebebida lactea UAT aumentaram gradativamente ao longo do periodo de validade dos produtos, sendo tal diferenca detectavel apartir de sessenta dias. Nao foi observada influencia da abertura da embalagem na proteolise da k-caseina.

Apesar dos avancos alcancados com a adocao de programas de seguranca e controle de alimentos, os sistemas de vigilância ainda relatam a ocorrencia de doencas transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) em paises desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, e a carne de peru e frequentemente envolvida em surtos, atingindo varias pessoas anualmente. As bacterias sao responsaveis por mais de 66% dos casos de DTAs que resultam em hospitalizacoes, destacando-se principalmente Salmonella spp., Campylobacter sp., Escherichia coli , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus spp., Clostridium botulinum e Clostridium perfringens . As fontes de contaminacao de carcacas de peru sao semelhantes as de frango, entretanto, os relatos sobre o envolvimento da carne de peru em DTAs e seu risco a saude publica sao escassos. Assim, esta revisao se concentrou em identificar os microorganismos relatados nos surtos de carne de peru e seus fatores de risco e nas principais fontes de contaminacao, bem como as limitacoes no estudo de sua epidemiologia desde a producao ate os consumidores. Um alto risco foi atribuido ao genero Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. e Campylobacter sp., sendo o ultimo, considerado negligenciado nos paises em desenvolvimento. Este estudo mostrou a necessidade de um maior incentivo as pesquisas sobre as condicoes sanitarias da carne de peru processada no Brasil, bem como a necessidade de monitorar esta carne vendida no pais.

This study focused on counting Staphylococcus spp. in curd cheeses “requeijão” and “especialidade láctea type requeijão” sold in Brazil, assessing the presence of mecA gene in obtained isolates and establishing antimicrobial resistance profile of the mecA gene positive isolates. To this, a set of 200 samples of these dairy products were evaluated. Low counts of Staphylococcus spp. were observed in these dairy products. All the isolates were determined as coagulase-negative strains using coagulase test and PCR. However, two isolates (3.70%) were carriers of mecA gene and they can be considered as risk for public health. These isolates presented resistance to penicillin, oxacillin and erythromycin. In conclusion, low counts of Staphylococcus were detected in curd cheese “requeijão” and “especialidade láctea type requeijão” sold in Brazil. However, coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. was detected in these dairy products. This is the first report of the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in heat-treated dairy products in Brazil. Results served as a warning to public sanitary authorities to control multidrug-resistant strains in veterinary and human medicine. RESUMO: Este trabalho objetivou realizar a contagem de Staphylococcus spp. em queijos fundidos “requeijão” e “especialidade láctea tipo requeijão” comercializados no Brasil, verificar a presença do gene mecA nos isolados obtidos e estabelecer o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados positivos para tal gene. Para isso, 200 amostras desses produtos lácteos foram avaliadas. Baixas contagens de Staphylococcus spp. foram observadas nas amostras. Todos os isolados foram considerados como coagulase-negativos através do teste da coagulase e através da PCR. Entretanto, em dois isolados (3,70%) foi possível detectar o gene mecA e representam potencial risco à saúde pública. Esses isolados apresentaram resistência a penicilina, oxacilina e eritromicina. Conclui-se que baixas contagens de Staphylococcus foram detectadas em queijos fundidos “requeijão” e “especialidade láctea type requeijão”. Entretanto, cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-negativas e resistentes à meticilina foram detectadas nesses derivados lácteos. Esse é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de cepas de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes à meticilina em produtos lácteos termicamente tratados comercializados no Brasil. Os resultados servem como um alerta para as autoridades sanitárias públicas nacionais para o controle de cepas multirresistentes em medicina veterinária e humana.

O estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento de manipuladores de carne do Municipio de Jaboticabal, Estado de Sao Paulo, sobre o complexo teniose-cisticercose e sobre as Boas Praticas de Manipulacao dos alimentos. Participaram do estudo 25 estabelecimentos, dos quais nove de pequeno porte, dez de medio porte e seis de grande porte. A coleta de dados foi feita por aplicacao de questionarios estruturados com 21 questoes fechadas que contemplaram dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Cada questao foi considerada como uma variavel e as respostas foram analisadas descritivamente e pelo metodo de Analise de Correspondencia. Atraves dos resultados pode-se verificar que os profissionais entrevistados desconheciam o assunto, sinalizando falta de capacitacao para identificar possiveis perigos, como a cisticercose. Numericamente, as empresas de porte medio foram as que apresentaram melhor nivel de conhecimento sobre boas praticas de manipulacao, apesar de nao ter sido constatada diferenca estatistica relevante no nivel de conhecimento sobre o complexo teniose-cisticercose em relacao ao porte da empresa. Conclui-se que ha necessidade de um trabalho de educacao sanitaria direcionado a esses profissionais.

Milk is a food of high nutritional value and is considered one of the main animal products consumed today. At the same time, Brazil stands out as one of the leading milk producers in the world and, since 2006 has been showing growing increase in its production. On the other hand, it is observed from the beginning of the 1990s, the growth of so-called informal milk and milk products (foods marketed without any kind of inspection), representing a challenge to be overcome related to food security. There are many diseases that can be transmitted by such foods, as tuberculosis and brucellosis, and there are few consumers who are aware of such information. The fact worsens the thought that milk and dairy products make up the diet of many children, elderly and weakened persons, which may make it more severe. Thus, this study aims to evaluate, through the use of questionnaires in 23 districts of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, the profile of 805 consumers or not, of milk and dairy products, the knowledge that they have about the diseases transmitted by milk and dairy products and the significance of the seals from Inspection Services. As a result, it was found that 97.76% (787/805) respondents consume milk or its derivatives, and about 30% are obtained by informal means of commerce. The form of consumption of this product is quite variable, but the work shows that 3.93% (31/787) of the consumers still ingest raw milk without boiling or pasteurization and 65.96% (531/805) of consumers are unaware of the possible transmission of disease by the ingestion of milk. Furthermore 80.24% (646/805) of consumers do not seek the packaging if the product has gone through some kind of supervision before reaching the trade - identification through stamps organs of sanitary inspection. Obtaining such data aims to collaborate in future for the development of prevent programs in the city, and the information gathered will be available to assist inspections services to reduce the marketing of informal milk and dairy products and also in educational campaigns for consumers.

With the objective to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of grated parmesan cheese acquired from the retail business, total 120 cheese samples were acquired: 60 of which were obtained from four different brands of cheese that were grated in factories, and the other 60 samples were obtained from another four brands of cheese that are normally acquired by retailers (supermarkets) in blocks and grated at the moment of sale. The population of heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms ranged from 1.2×10³ to 1.1×107 colony-forming units (CFU)·g-1. All samples analyzed contained Staphylococcus spp. with populations varying from 1.2×10³ to 8.7×106CFU·g-1, from which 60.0% were classified as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and 52.5% of the samples possessed populations above the permissible limit set by legislation. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 57.5% of the samples. Population of molds and yeasts varied from

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilizacao do filme strech sobre parâmetros fisico-quimicos e microbiologicos de carcacas bovinas. Foi avaliado um total de 25 carcacas, sendo 25 meias-carcacas strechadas e 25 nao strechadas, obtidas do mesmo animal, apos a lavagem final e apos o periodo de 24 horas da maturacao sanitaria na câmara fria. As meias-carcacas foram submetidas a afericao do pH, da temperatura no interior do Longissimus dorsi e pesagem. Tambem foram coletados suabes para a contagem padrao em placas de micro-organismos mesofilos e psicrotroficos viaveis e verificacao da presenca de enterobacterias e Listeria spp. Apos a maturacao sanitaria, as carcacas strechadas apresentaram temperaturas mais elevadas (1,86°C) em relacao as nao-strechadas (0,57°C), com diferenca estatistica (p

This present research focused on establishing the prevalence, geospatial distribution and epidemiological risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in cattle slaughtered for human comsumption. Data about the inspection of 104,180 bovine carcasses from 215 farms and from 70 municipalities were gathered between January and December of 2012. A cluster analysis was performed in order to correlate some variables: prevalence of bovine cysticercosis, total coffee harvesting area (hectares), orange producing areas (hectares) and Human Development Index. Afterwards, distribution maps were created in order to help the results interpretation. An average prevalence of 2.9% was established in the state of Sao Paulo during the studied period. The Administrative regions of Sao Jose do Rio Preto and Campinas had higher risk for cysticercosis (OR >1 and 95% CI >1). The cluster analysis showed a grouping (G1 cluster) of the variables: prevalence of bovine cysticercosis, total area of sugar cane harvested, total area of orange harvested and total area of coffee harvested. This agrroupment allows us to infer that cyticercosis cases in this region are correlated with those variables distribution. Such aspects indicate that the presence of temporary rural workers and other socioeconomic and cultural features in each region can contribute to bovine cysticercosis dissemination in some areas.

Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium. Resumo: A Taenia solium é uma importante zoonose com grande importância em países em desenvolvimento, devido a ocorrência de teníase e cisticercose em humanos. Os suínos possuem grande importância no ciclo biológico desse parasita como hospedeiros intermediários. A literatura científica descreve alguns fatores de risco associados com a ocorrência da enfermidade e que devem ser evitados em países com baixo saneamento básico a fim de reduzir a exposição dos suínos aos ovos do parasita. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de anticorpos séricos contra Taenia solium em suínos de criações não tecnificadas na região do Município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A prevalência estabelecida foi de 6,82% (IC 95% 4,18 - 9,45) a nível animal e 28,87% (IC 16,74 - 40,40) nos rebanhos. Isso está provavelmente associado ao baixo nível de tecnificação adotado durante a criação dos animais na área avaliada, o qual aumenta a exposição dos animais aos fatores de risco associados ao complexo Taenia solium. Os resultados da ocorrência de cisticercose suína baseados em evidências sorológicas na região avaliada servem como um alerta as autoridades sanitárias para promover a saúde pública e controlar a Taenia solium.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a quantidade de agua resultante do descongelamento de carcacas de aves oriundas de quatro abatedouros de aves no Estado de Sao Paulo, sob Servico de Inspecao Estadual, atraves do metodo Drip Test , durante os anos de 2011 e 2012. Foram utilizadas 45 amostras, sendo que cada uma dessas era composta por seis carcacas de frango congeladas, determinando um total de 270 carcacas de aves utilizadas. Durante a realizacao do estudo, apenas 4,44% (2/45) das amostras apresentaram valores acima do limite aceitavel determinado pelo Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA), sendo que essas pertenciam a abatedouros distintos, porem nao foi observada diferenca significativa entre todos os estabelecimentos avaliados. Pode-se concluir que 4,44% das amostras do monitoramento apresentaram-se fora do padrao legal, oriundas de falhas tecnologicas e que resultam na insatisfacao dos consumidores. E necessario um monitoramento de rotina, com colheita de amostras prontas para a comercializacao sem previo aviso, como pratica a salvaguardar os interesses dos consumidores e a coibicao de fraudes intencionais, principalmente naqueles estabelecimentos que evidenciem valores frequentemente elevados.

Com o objetivo de analisar as características físico-químicas do leite UAT durante sua industrialização e de comparar os resultados com a legislação vigente, foram analisadas 150 amostras, colhidas em seis etapas, em diferentes fases do processamento, sendo 60 de leite cru, 60 de leite pasteurizado e 30 de leite UAT. As amostras foram submetidas à determinação de acidez titulável, densidade, teor de gordura, extrato seco total (EST) e desengordurado (ESD), ponto crioscópico, pH, redutase, estabilidade ao álcool 68% e à pesquisa das enzimas peroxidase e fosfatase alcalina. Os resultados indicaram que os valores médios do extrato seco total e do extrato desengordurado, bem como do índice crioscópico apresentaram-se, em algumas colheitas, inferiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, indicando possível aumento no teor de água do leite.With the aim of analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of UHT milk during its industrialization and comparing the results with the Brazilian legislation, 150 samples collected in six stages, in different processing phases, were analyzed, being 60 samples of raw milk, 60 of pasteurized milk and 30 of UHT milk. The samples were submitted to the analysis of Dornic acidity, density, fat content, total solids, solids-non-fat, freezing point, pH, methylene blue reduction, stability to 68% alcohol and screening for peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. The results indicated that the mean values of total solids and solids-non-fat and freezing point, were in some collections, lower than the limits established in the Brazilian legislation, demonstrating a possible increase in milk water content.

The present study focused on isolation Bacillus cereus during the UHT milk production and shelf life, to assess the enterotoxigenic production capacity of isolates and to evaluate the use of the RAPD-PCR technique to verify whether Bacillus cereus isolated at different phases of UHT milk processing belongs to the same strain. For this, six groups of milk samples composed of raw, pasteurized and UHT milk were collected from a processing plant. The results revealed that bacteria belonging to the Bacillus cereus group were isolated from 51.6%, 81.6% and from 13.8% of raw, pasteurized and UHT milk samples, respectively. About 50.0% of isolates from raw milk, 19.2% isolates from pasteurized milk and 70.7% isolates from UHT milk were capable of producing enterotoxins. It was confirmed the genetic similarity among Bacillus cereus isolates from raw, pasteurized and UHT milk, therefore demonstrating that the microorganism is able to withstand UHT treatment. These results should serve as a warning to health authorities, given that 13.8% of samples were not in accordance with standards established by the Department of Health for containing a potentially pathogen agent, therefore indicating that contamination of milk by sporulating bacteria should be avoided. RESUMO: Objetivou-se realizar o isolamento de bactérias do grupo do Bacillus cereus e verificação da semelhança genética entre elas, através da PCR-RAPD, durante a produção e vida de prateleira do leite UAT, bem como verificar sua capacidade enterotoxigência. Para isso, foram colhidas em uma usina de beneficiamento seis grupos de amostras de leite compostos cada um por amostras de leite cru, pasteurizado e UAT. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que bactérias do grupo do Bacillus cereus foram isoladas de 51,6% das amostras de leite cru, de 81,6% das de leite pasteurizado e de 13,8% das de leite UAT. Demonstraram-se capazes de produzir enterotoxinas 50,0% dos isolados de leite cru, 19,2% de leite pasteurizado e 70,7% de leite UAT. Também se pode constatar a semelhança genética entre as cepas de Bacillus cereus isoladas do leite cru, pasteurizado e UAT, evidenciando assim que o micro-organismo é capaz de resistir ao tratamento por UAT. Tais resultados devem servir de alerta às autoridades sanitárias, tendo em vista que 13,8% deles estavam em desacordo com o estabelecido pelo Ministério da Saúde, por serem capazes de veicular um agente potencialmente patogênico, demonstrando assim que a contaminação do leite por bactérias esporuladas deve ser motivo de preocupação.

O complexo teniose-cisticercose bovina e considerado uma zoonose de grande impacto em saude publica e animal, que acarreta em importantes perdas economicas decorrentes da condenacao de visceras e carcacas durante o abate desses animais. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar o diagnostico de situacao do complexo teniose-cisticercose na Regiao Central do Estado de Sao Paulo atraves da determinacao da ocorrencia da enfermidade em um abatedouro, e tambem pela avaliacao do perfil dos consumidores e do conhecimento de alunos do ensino medio sobre a epidemiologia do complexo teniose-cisticercose. Quanto a ocorrencia de cisticercose na regiao observou-se a frequencia de 3,06% entre os 1.667 bovinos abatidos. Quanto aos consumidores entrevistados, observou-se grande desconhecimento sobre a enfermidade, e tambem sobre os perigos oriundos do consumo de alimentos de origem desconhecida ou indevidamente preparados. O mesmo desconhecimento foi observado atraves da aplicacao dos questionarios aos estudantes. Conclui-se que a regiao carece de medidas efetivas para o controle da enfermidade, principalmente no tocante a educacao da populacao sobre a importância da enfermidade, seus aspectos epidemiologicos e metodos de prevencao.