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A Rinossinusite consiste na coexistência de duas enfermidades, a sinusite e a rinite. Trata-se de uma doença muito presente no mundo, tendo sua prevalência estimada entre 10 a 30% em países como os Estados Unidos da América. Na Rinossinusite Aguda (RA) ocorre uma dificuldade de drenagem dessa secreção formada nos seios da face, seja pelo aumento da viscosidade, pela disfunção dos cílios ou pela falta de patência dos óstios. Nesse contexto, tal acúmulo gera inflamação. Dentre os mecanismos patológicos, o principal são as infecções de vias aéreas superiores. Quanto ao diagnóstico da RA, ele é obtido de maneira clínica. Dessa forma, os principais sintomas são: congestão nasal, secreção nasal, dor ou pressão na face e redução do olfato. Exames de imagem como Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Magnética são reservados para casos complicados, como na sinusite recorrente, rinossinusite crônica ou em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Mediante o diagnóstico de RA, o uso de antibióticos deve ser iniciado se houver uma forte suspeita de doença bacteriana. Dentre as possíveis complicações, pode-se citar as orbitárias (que são as mais comuns), as complicações intracranianas e também a osteomielite, que apesar de rara, pode ser fatal. Portanto, se durante um episódio clássico de rinossinusite aparecem sintomas adicionais, como oftalmoplegia, redução da mobilidade ocular, diminuição da acuidade visual, exoftalmia, hiperêmese, sonolência, rebaixamento do nível de consciência ou edema na região do osso frontal, é preciso ligar o alarme para possíveis complicações, sendo necessário realizar investigações por meio de exames de imagem e iniciar o tratamento adequado, caso o diagnóstico seja confirmado.

Background: This study was designed to describe bone turnover marker (BTM) profiles in women. Patients and methods: In all, 197 patients (age 61 [36-90] years) comprising five groups were studied: osteoporosis with (OPBP+) or without (OPBP-) bisphosphonate use; bone metastatic breast cancer with (BMBP+) or without (BMBP-) BP use; and healthy controls without BP (CBP-) use. Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) were analyzed. Results: The medians [25%-75%; ng/mL] for P1NP were as follows: BMBP- (236.95 [165.0-328.0]) > CBP- (47.25 [33.5-63.7]) = OPBP- (50.9 [37.4-63.9]) > BMBP+(26.9 [11.8-46.3]) = OPBP+ (19.5 [12.6-27.3]). The medians [25% -75%; ng/mL] for CTX were as follows: BMBP- (0.567 [0.457-0.803]) = OPBP- (0.360 [0.318-0.650]) > CBP- (0.297 [0.203-0.402]) > BMBP+(0.101 [0.052-0.202]) = OPBP+(0.141 [0.047-0.186]). Conclusion: P1NP > 145 ng/mL completely differentiated those with BMs. CTX < 0.200 ng/mL differentiated those using BPs.

The inclusion of women in technology has increased in recent years, but the number of women in technology is still much smaller compared to male involvement. Many factors make women not part of the information technology field. These factors include cultural, social factors of lack of information about the area. Thus, this paper aims to understand some of the factors that lead women to look less for professional areas involving science and technology. This article presents the state of the art of science and technology projects that have been aimed at women around the world. In addition, a questionnaire was applied in order to present some of the factors that can affect the performance of girls in projects in the field of Exact Sciences. Among the variables studied, the one that had the greatest correlation with the worst performances achieved by the girls was the absence of technology and internet at home. Furthermore, a quali-quantitative analysis shows the importance of carrying out projects that involve women in science and technology.

Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Figs. 1-22; 29-35) Material examined: Brazil. Mato Grosso: Rondon��polis, Campus da Universidade Federal de Rondon��polis (UFR), April to September 2018, host plant (Copaifera malmei Harms), 50 larvae (10 dissected, 9 metalized for SEM); 50 pupae, (9 metalized for SEM) (DBFR). Mature larva description (Figs. 1, 10): Measurements (in mm): body length: 2.11-2.82, body width (metathorax): 1.30-1.50, head width: 0.66-0.76. General: Body robust, sub-circular in cross-section, strongly dorso-ventrally curved (C-shaped); cuticle minutely spiculate, without visible pigmentation, areas sclerotized and devoid of roughness. Colouration: Body distinctly white with copious white fat within; head capsule yellowish to pale brown. Head (Figs. 2-3, 11): Slightly sclerotized; clypeus slightly darkened at the base, darkened labrum; epicranial line narrow with endocarina as an extension; frontal lines indistinct. Epicranium with 2 lateral setae (les), les1 shorter than les2. Dorsal epicranium with 3 setae (des 1, 3 and 5). Posterior epicranium with 2 tiny setae (pes). Frons with 4 setae (fs), fs2 and fs3 very short, fs4 medial and fs5 laterally positioned close to antennae. Ventral epicranium with 2 ventral setae (vcs), near les. Postoccipital condyles absent; tentorial bridge without anterior and posterior projections; hypopharyngeal bracon absent. Clypeus transverse, bearing 1 seta (cls), inner side of cls bearing 1 sensilla. Antenna (Figs. 13-14) one-segmented, with rodlike accessory sensory appendage (acap) more than 3�� as long as wide, with 2 spinose projections and 1 sensillum. Stemma (ocular spots) at the base of the antenna. Mouthparts (Figs. 4-9, 12): Labrum (Fig. 4) subtrapezoidal with lateral margins sinuose, with 3 setae (lms), lms2 three times longer than two remining setae. Epipharynx (Fig. 5) with 2 long, stout lateral rods (lmR), 2 anterolateral setae (als), 2 anteromedian setae (ams), and 1 median seta (mes); epipharyngeal setae stout, short and apically rounded, lacking epipharyngeal sensory pores between pairs of lmR. Mandibles (Fig. 6) symmetrical, apically bidentate, length and width approximately equal, cutting edge with 1 small, but evident, rounded tooth; laterodorsal surface with 2 mandibular setae (mds 1���2), without sensilla.Maxilla (Fig. 7): palpifer indistinct; maxillary palpi (MxP, Figs. 7-8) with 2 segments,basal segment with 1 long, basal accessory process, 1 short seta, apical segment cylindrical, apically flattened with dense crenulate setae; mala with 5 stout, short, indistinguishable setae dms���vms; stipes (st) with 2 stipital setae (sts 1���2), 1 basioventral seta (mbs) and 2 palpiferal setae (pfs 1���2), cardo completely separated from stipes. Labium (Fig. 9) subconical, preapically constricted and apically rounded, almost membranous except in sclerotized area (pmsc); labial palpus (lbP) vestigial, lobe-like. Premental sclerite (pmsc) distinctly dilated,���Y��� shaped, with 1 pair of sensilla. Ligulate area with 1 tiny seta (lgs). Prementum (Prmt) with 1 seta (prms); postmentum (Pmt) with 3 setae (pms) laterally, pms2 (located medially) much longer than pms3 (located apically) which is somewhat longer than pms1 (located basally). Thorax (Fig. 1): Pronotal shield simple, without fold, unsclerotized; meso- and metanotum each with 2 folds (prodorsum and postdorsum). Spiracle (Fig. 15) laterally intersegmental between pro- and mesothorax, bicameral. Prothoracic epipleura indistinct, meso- and metathoracic epipleura distinct,not centrally tuberculate,without setae. Pedal area defined, pedal lobe (papillae) present, 2-segmented. Pronotum with 2 setae (pns 1���2), transversally aligned near to middle area; meso- and metanotum each with an 1 prodorsum (prs) and 1 postdorsum (pds) setae, epipleurum without setae; pedal area with 3 setae (pda); sternum with 1 tiny seta. Abdomen (Fig. 1): Tergites I-VII, each with 2 folds, prodorsum with 1 prs, postdorsum with 1 pds; tergite VIII undivided with 2 setae; tergite IX undivided and reduced with 2 setae; with 6 pairs of subequal bicameral spiracles, each pair anterolaterally on tergites I-VI, VII and VII without spiracles; pleura I-VIII without setae, each sternum with 1 seta. Anal area with 2 lobes and 1 seta. Pupal description (Figs. 16-21): Measurements (in mm): body length: 3.00-4.13, body width (metathorax): 1.22-1.50. General: Adecticous and exarate; body setae on tubercles, setae greatly reduced in number and size. Colouration: Inner body pure white, except eyes, which are pale to dark. Rostrum in ventral view (Figs. 16, 22): Apex extends past mesocoxae but not to metacoxae, mesorostrum dilated, mandibular theca projected; 1 distirostral seta (drs). Head: Frons with 1 seta (os), similar in size as drs, behind eyes. Antennae basally near prosternum and apically extend to propleura, oblique to protibia. Thorax: In dorsal view, pronotum with 1 apical pronotal seta (aps), 2 lateral pronotal setae (lps 1���2), and 1 discal pronotal seta (dps2); in ventral view, aps and lps 1���2 completely visible. Mesonotum without setae; metanotum with 1 seta (mtns). Legs (Figs. 16-21): in ventral view, metatibiae and femora covered by pterothecae, front and middle legs and metatarsomere visible; pro-, meso- and metafemora apically bearing 1 slightly outcurved seta (fes), each seta inserted in a small rounded protuberance. Abdomen: In ventral view, ventrites IV-IX visible (Fig. 16), in dorsal view tergites I-VII about equal in length and decreasing in width (Fig.17),segmentsVII-IX clearly and gradually reduced;5 spiracles present,positioned on pleura I-V, bicameral (Fig. 18);pseudocerci inconspicuous at segment IX, unpigmented; in ventral view, ventrites IV-VIII with 1 pair of setae; in dorsal view,tergites I-IX without setae. Sexual dimorphism: Female with small round convexity on each side of sternum on ninth abdominal segment (Figs. 16, 22). Biological information (Figs. 23-28): Apion brevicorne is associated with C. malmei. Adults may feed on nectar in flowers at any time, day or night. Copulation and oviposition occur on fruits at any stage of development. The oviposition is endophytic and eggs are easily found only in fruits at an early stage of development.As in most weevils, the damage caused by A. brevicorne to the seed is mostly by larvae that develop within the seed, where they feed on developing endocarp. Pupae were always found within seeds (without a pupal chamber) along with feces that indicate that the larvae consumed the entire endocarp,and so development is completed within the seed. The number of adults in each seed is quite variable. Seed pods that contain larvae, pupae or adults show no external evidence of presence. This suggests that for adults to disperse, they depend on the dry dehiscence of the fruit. Dead adults and pupae can be found within dry seed pods that did not dehisce., Published as part of Lima, Rosana Maria de, Santos, Sandreli Berenice de Oliveira, Vaz, Stephanie, Gomes, Ana Laura Soares & Sousa, Wesley Oliveira de, 2020, Description of the larva and pupa of Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) with biological information, pp. 1-13 in Pap��is Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (8) on pages 3-11, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.08, http://zenodo.org/record/4614217

Objetivo: Destacar e revisar os principais aspectos relacionados à infecção pela Covid-19 e a manutenção ou interrupção do tratamento de pacientes hipertensos em uso de Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (IECA) e Bloqueadores dos Receptores de Angiotensina (BRA). Revisão bibliográfica: A Covid-19 é uma doença infecciosa e possui diversas de manifestações clínicas, principalmente devido à expressão da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina 2 (ECA 2). Alguns fármacos atuam diretamente nos receptores dessa enzima, como os IECA e os BRA, que atuam no Sistema Renina Angiotensina Aldosterona (SRAA) controlando os níveis pressóricos. Tais medicamentos aumentam a expressão da ECA2, favorecendo a via da angiotensina 1-7, diminuindo a pressão sanguínea, inflamação e fibrose. Pessoas hipertensas em uso do IECA/BRA têm essa via favorecida. Considerações finais: Os medicamentos anti-hipertensivos IECA/BRA diminuem a ação da angiotensina II e aumentam a expressão da ECA2, evidenciando-se a hipótese dos potenciais efeitos benéficos aos pacientes com COVID-19, através da diminuição da carga viral de pacientes internados, e da melhora do prognóstico do quadro.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has been reported as a side effect of bisphosphonate (BP). The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of MRONJ in women taking BP for osteoporosis and for metastatic breast cancer and correlate it with risk factors and biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Patients taking oral or intravenous BP with osteoporosis (G1; n = 153; median 72.8 years) and with metastatic breast cancer (G2; n = 134; median 58.2 years) had their hospital charts reviewed, were submitted to dental inspection, and answered a health questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were randomly collected from both groups to measure osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen, intact parathyroid hormone and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), creatinine, and total calcium. G1 was older (p = 0.001) and had more cases of diabetes (p = 0.043). P1NP was higher (p = 0.022) and 25OHD lower (p = 0.004) in G2 compared with G1. MRONJ was not found in the G1, whereas 4 cases (3%) were detected in G2. Positive risk factors for MRONJ were number of BP doses and number of visits to the dentist and dental extractions. The biochemical parameters, however, could not identify those who developed MRONJ. The prevalence of MRONJ was 3% in women with metastatic breast cancer receiving BP. No cases were identified in women receiving oral BP chronically for osteoporosis. P1NP was higher in women with metastatic breast cancer, even during treatment with antiresorptives, but could not differentiate those with MRONJ.

Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) is an ecologically and economically important weevil that feeds on seeds and tissues of trees in the genus Copaifera L. (Fabaceae). Although the genus Apion comprises 16 species restricted to the Paleartic region, the Neotropical species A. brevicorne is still considered as incertae sedis due to the absence of a systematic study about it. The first descriptions and illustrations of Apion brevicorne are provided here. Diagnostic characters of larva and pupa are included and compared with 13 species from other biogeographic regions. Details of immature Apioninae species associated with host plants from the Neotropical region are described for the first time.